Safety risk dynamic rating method and system for whole process of mine mining operation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of process management, and proposes a safety risk dynamic rating method and system for the whole process of mining and excavation operation, which comprises: collecting the real-time positions of personnel and equipment in the roadway, the real-time power of the equipment, and the anchor cable stress of each measuring point in the roadway; constructing a real-time state map of the mine; constructing the personnel activity intensity and equipment risk intensity continuously distributed along the roadway; obtaining the real-time activity risk intensity of each position; obtaining the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient of each position, and then correcting the real-time comprehensive risk intensity of each position; obtaining the real-time corrected risk intensity of each position; analyzing the change performance of the corrected risk intensity of each position before and after each personnel or equipment leaves or stays, obtaining the real-time risk performance factor of each personnel and each equipment, and scheduling in combination with the real-time state map of the mine. The present application aims to solve the problem that the whole process risk assessment of mining and excavation operation does not consider real-time changes, resulting in insignificant assessment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of process management technology, specifically to a method and system for dynamic safety risk assessment of the entire mining operation process. Background Technology

[0002] Safety risk rating in mining operations refers to a system that systematically identifies, analyzes, and evaluates various hazardous factors that may cause accidents during operations, and classifies safety risks into different levels using qualitative or quantitative methods. This rating forms the basis for developing corresponding control measures and is the core of mine safety management.

[0003] Existing mature safety risk rating schemes for mining operations mainly adopt a static risk identification model based on annual or quarterly data. Once the risk list is established, it will not be updated for a long period of time. However, underground mining faces are advancing every day, and key safety parameters such as rock stress, roof integrity, hydrogeology, and gas emission are changing simultaneously. Static risk ratings are difficult to reflect the real-time risk situation. If the periodic update scheme is changed to daily review or special assessments are conducted before major changes in production processes, equipment, environment, or high-risk operations, daily reviews are post-event summaries and are difficult to respond to in advance for some sudden safety accidents (such as large-scale roof collapse, sudden water outburst in the mining area, coal and gas outburst, etc.). At the same time, special assessments are not significantly effective for routine risk assessments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for dynamic safety risk assessment across the entire mining operation process, addressing the problem that existing risk assessments for the entire mining operation process do not consider real-time changes, resulting in insignificant assessment effects. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: This invention proposes a dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process, which includes the following steps: Collect three-dimensional tunnel maps of the mining operation process, and record the real-time location of personnel and equipment in the tunnel, the real-time power of the equipment, and the anchor cable stress at each measuring point in the tunnel; Based on the 3D tunnel map and the real-time locations of personnel and equipment, as well as the real-time power of the equipment, a real-time mine status map is constructed; the total distance and displacement of each person in a short period of time are analyzed to obtain the real-time activity intensity index of each person; combined with the tunnel distribution, the activity intensity of personnel continuously distributed along the tunnel is constructed to obtain the real-time activity intensity of personnel at each location; based on the real-time power of the equipment and the tunnel distribution, the risk intensity of equipment continuously distributed along the tunnel is constructed to obtain the real-time risk intensity of equipment at each location. Based on the real-time activity intensity of personnel and equipment risk intensity at various locations in the roadway, the real-time activity risk intensity at each location is obtained; the changing trends of activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at the same location over a period of time are analyzed, as well as the correlation under the lag of the changing trends, to obtain the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient at each location, and then corrected to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location; combined with the short-term residence and movement status of personnel at each location, the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location is obtained. Analyze the changes in the corrected risk intensity of each person or piece of equipment before and after their departure, obtain the real-time risk performance factors of each person and piece of equipment, and combine them with the real-time status map of the mine for scheduling.

[0005] Optionally, the specific method for constructing the real-time status map of the mine includes: Based on the design centerline of the tunnel, each tunnel in the 3D tunnel map is abstracted into a linear shape; Taking any given moment as the current moment, obtain the roadway centerline closest to each person or piece of equipment at the current moment, and use it as the reference roadway centerline for each person or piece of equipment at the current moment. Then, project the real-time position of each person or piece of equipment at the current moment vertically onto its reference roadway centerline. By binding the real-time power of each device at the current moment with its projection position on the center line of the corresponding reference roadway, the real-time status map of the mine at the current moment is constructed.

[0006] Optionally, the real-time activity intensity index of each person can be obtained using the following method: The first time period is preset, and any person is taken as the target person. The real-time location of the target person at each moment in the first time period before the current moment is obtained and arranged in chronological order to form a short-term movement sequence of the target person at the current moment. Based on the short-time movement sequence, the displacement and total distance traveled by the target person in the first time period before the current moment are obtained, and are respectively used as the short-time displacement and total distance traveled by the target person at the current moment. The ratio of the total short-term distance traveled by the target personnel to their short-term displacement at the current moment is used as an indicator of the activity intensity of the target personnel at the current moment.

[0007] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the real-time human activity intensity at each location includes: Based on the activity intensity index of each person at the current moment and their projection position on the center line of the reference roadway, the activity intensity of each person at each location in the roadway is obtained. Based on the activity intensity of personnel at each location, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the real-time mine status map to output the activity intensity of personnel at each location in the real-time mine status map at the current moment.

[0008] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the real-time device risk intensity at each location includes: Based on the real-time power of each device at the current moment and its projected position on the center line of the reference roadway, the equipment risk intensity at the location of each device in the roadway is obtained. Based on the equipment risk intensity of each location, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the real-time mine status map to output the equipment risk intensity of each location in the real-time mine status map at the current moment.

[0009] Optionally, the real-time activity risk intensity at each location can be obtained using the following method: The intensity of personnel activity and the intensity of equipment risk distributed continuously along the roadway at all times are standardized to obtain the personnel intensity factor and equipment intensity factor at each location at each time. The personnel intensity factor is nonnegated based on its minimum value to obtain the personnel activity factor at each location at the current time. The equipment strength factors are nonnegated based on their minimum values ​​to obtain the equipment risk factors at each location at the current time. The product of the personnel activity factor and the equipment risk factor at any location at the current moment is taken as the activity risk intensity at that location at the current moment.

[0010] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient at each location and then correcting it to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location includes: The average anchor cable stress at any given location is taken as the anchor cable stress at that location at the current time. Through linear interpolation and normalization, the anchor cable stress at each location in the real-time mine status map is obtained at the current time. For any location, obtain the activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at each time point in the first time period before the current time, and construct the recent activity risk sequence and recent anchor stress sequence of the location at the current time. Obtain the recent risk change sequence and recent stress change sequence of the location at the current time through first-order difference, respectively. The cross-correlation coefficient is calculated for the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence. The initial lag time, lag time step size and maximum lag time are preset. The cross-correlation coefficient is calculated for the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence based on different lag times, and the cross-correlation coefficient change curve with lag time is obtained. The maximum value of the cross-correlation coefficient and the maximum value of 0 in the change curve are obtained, and used as the risk stress correlation coefficient at that position at the current moment; The sum of 1 and the risk stress correlation coefficient of the location at the current moment is used as the risk amplification coefficient of the location at the current moment. The product of the risk amplification coefficient and the activity risk intensity of the location at the current moment is used as the comprehensive risk intensity of the location at the current moment.

[0011] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location includes: The radius of a local area is preset, and the local area at any location is obtained by taking any location as the center. The sum of the number of people in the local area at each time point in the first time period before the current time is obtained as the short-term total number of people at the current time. Based on each person's location card and their real-time location, the number of people passing through that location in a local area during the first time period before the current time is obtained, which is taken as the short-term number of people passing through that location at the current time. The ratio of the total number of people at that location in a short period of time to the number of people passing through in a short period of time is used as the personnel dwell factor at that location in a short period of time; the location card is used to identify whether the people are the same person. Linearly normalize the personnel dwell factor of all locations at the current time, and use the result as the personnel dwell index of each location at the current time; The product of the personnel occupancy index at any location at the current moment and the comprehensive risk intensity is used as the modified risk intensity of that location at the current moment.

[0012] Optionally, the specific methods for obtaining the real-time risk performance factors of each person and each piece of equipment include: For any person or equipment, remove the relevant data of that person or equipment from the real-time status map of the mine, recalculate the real-time activity intensity of the person or the risk intensity of the equipment at each location continuously distributed along the roadway, and then obtain the recalculated real-time activity risk intensity at each location, and finally obtain the recalculated real-time corrected risk intensity at each location. Extract the locations where the intensity of the corrected risk changes before and after removing data related to the target personnel, and use these locations as the impact locations of the target personnel at the current moment; Obtain the difference between the modified risk intensity before removal and the modified risk intensity after removal for each affected location at the current moment. Take the affected locations corresponding to all positive differences as the risk affected locations of the target personnel at the current moment. The sum of the differences corresponding to all risk-affected locations is divided by the sum of the modified risk intensity of all risk-affected locations at the current moment, and the ratio is used as the risk performance factor of the target person at the current moment.

[0013] This invention also proposes a dynamic safety risk rating system for the entire mining operation process. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above method.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a real-time updated mine status map, analyzes the distribution of personnel and equipment on the map, and combines personnel movement behavior and equipment real-time power to obtain the real-time personnel activity intensity and equipment risk intensity at each location in the roadway, thereby obtaining the real-time activity risk intensity at each location; combining the influence of personnel and equipment working status on the surrounding rock status, risk assessment is performed for each location and corrected based on time trends to obtain the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location; based on this, the risk performance factors provided by each person and equipment are analyzed to conduct dynamic assessment of mine safety risks; compared with existing methods, the real-time monitoring of equipment and personnel distribution status, and the resulting real-time risk distribution status in the mine map, allows for real-time risk management and control, and real-time response to safety risks, while also providing a scheduling basis for personnel and equipment scheduling strategies to reduce safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps: Step S001: Collect a three-dimensional tunnel map of the mining operation process, and record the real-time location of personnel and equipment in the tunnel, the real-time power of the equipment, and the anchor cable stress at each measuring point in the tunnel.

[0019] It should be noted that in mines, in order to deal with potential safety accidents during mining activities, dynamic safety risk assessments must be conducted so that timely responses can be made before disasters or accidents occur, and casualties and property losses can be avoided or reduced to the greatest extent possible.

[0020] The purpose of this embodiment is to conduct dynamic safety risk assessment throughout the entire mining operation process, so as to monitor the distribution of mine safety risks in real time and formulate safety protection strategies in advance to prevent safety accidents or reduce their impact.

[0021] Specifically, a 3D roadway map of the mining operation process is directly extracted from the mine data system. All workers entering the mine must carry personnel positioning cards, and the real-time location of each person underground is obtained through UWB positioning. In this embodiment, the personnel positioning accuracy is set to centimeter level. All working equipment (mechanical equipment) is equipped with positioning cards for identifying the equipment position, and the real-time power of each piece of equipment is recorded synchronously. The power is read from the equipment's electrical control system and is the instantaneous power of the equipment. A vibrating wire anchor (cable) force gauge is installed between the tray at the exposed end of the anchor (cable) and the surrounding rock wall to obtain the anchor load at each measuring point in the mine as an indicator of the surrounding rock condition. The measuring points (vibrating wire anchor (cable) force gauges) corresponding to the sensors are arranged laterally at intervals along the roadway (based on the roadway). (One measuring point on each side of any position along the centerline of the track). The specific interval distance is set according to the actual operation; in this embodiment, it is set to 10 meters. In this embodiment, the sampling time interval for the real-time position of each person, the real-time position and implementation power of each device, and the anchor cable stress at each measuring point is set to 2 seconds. This is to complete the timestamp alignment of the collected data and collect it in real time, and perform data denoising and other preprocessing. The specific data preprocessing process is a known technology. In this embodiment, the data is denoised by mean filtering. The data alignment adopts nearest neighbor forward filling. That is, if a data source has no new value within a 2-second window, the valid value of the previous moment is used and marked as the "fill value". This setting is specifically for the anchor cable stress response time, which may be longer than the sampling time interval.

[0022] As an example, one scenario of mining operations is set as a fully mechanized coal mining face. Assume that the face is 200 meters long and the roadway is 5 meters wide. It is equipped with one coal mining machine, one scraper conveyor and one transfer machine, and there are a total of 8 workers. Data is collected at 2-second intervals and preprocessed such as timestamp alignment and data denoising.

[0023] It should be noted that while 3D tunnel maps, real-time personnel locations, equipment locations and power at various times, and anchor bolt stress at each location can describe the current state of the mine from different perspectives, each data point accurately reflects the real-time state inside the mine. However, the data lacks effective linkage and is fragmented. Each sampled data point can only answer where personnel (or equipment) are located and what the ventilation or surrounding rock conditions are at each location, but it cannot determine whether multiple safety risk factors are superimposed at the same time or in the same area. In actual underground mining operations, risks are often not caused by a single factor, but are the result of the superposition of multiple factors in time and space (for example, a slightly high gas concentration and slightly lower underground ventilation may lead to a gas combustion or explosion hazard if a cutting spark occurs). Relying solely on isolated sampled data cannot answer the questions of "where is the risk, who is at risk, and how urgent is the risk." Therefore, a real-time mine status map is constructed to integrate all data into a real-time updated status map.

[0024] Step S002: Based on the 3D tunnel map and the real-time locations of personnel and equipment, as well as the real-time power of the equipment, construct a real-time mine status map; analyze the total distance and displacement of each person in a short period of time, obtain the real-time activity intensity index of each person, and combine it with the tunnel distribution to construct the activity intensity of personnel continuously distributed along the tunnel, thus obtaining the real-time activity intensity of personnel at each location; based on the real-time power of the equipment and the tunnel distribution, construct the equipment risk intensity continuously distributed along the tunnel, thus obtaining the real-time equipment risk intensity at each location.

[0025] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, a real-time mine status map is constructed based on a three-dimensional tunnel map, the real-time locations of personnel and equipment, and the real-time power of the equipment. The specific method includes: Based on the design centerline of the tunnel (or the results of tunnel traverse surveying), each tunnel in the 3D tunnel map is abstracted into a line, that is, each tunnel obtains a corresponding centerline, and the centerline of each tunnel is used as a spatial index; taking any time as the current time, the tunnel centerline closest to the real-time position of each person or equipment at the current time is obtained, which is used as the reference tunnel centerline of each person or equipment at the current time. The real-time position of each person or equipment at the current time is vertically projected onto its reference tunnel centerline (three-dimensional vertical projection in space; if the tunnel centerline is a curve at the corresponding projection position, the vertical projection is obtained based on the tangent), thus converting the real-time position (three-dimensional coordinates) of each person or equipment into an identifier on the tunnel centerline.

[0026] It should be noted that during the projection process, personnel and equipment are distributed in the tunnels. The nearest tunnel centerline is obtained based on the tunnels in which they are distributed. If there are multiple nearest tunnel centerlines, and the real-time position is not at a tunnel intersection, the tunnel centerline corresponding to the actual distributed tunnel is used as the reference tunnel centerline. If the real-time position is at a tunnel intersection, the intersection of multiple tunnel centerlines corresponding to the intersection is taken as the intersection point, and the intersection point is directly used as the corresponding projection position.

[0027] Furthermore, by binding the real-time power of each device at the current moment to its projection position on the corresponding reference roadway centerline, the 3D roadway map is abstracted into a roadway centerline map. At the same time, the real-time positions of each person and device at the current moment have been projected onto the roadway centerline map, and the real-time power of each device at the current moment is bound to complete the construction of the mine's real-time status map at the current moment. The mine's real-time status map is continuously updated over time. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all subsequent positions are analyzed based on the position of the roadway centerline in the mine's real-time status map.

[0028] It should be noted that the isolated data were transformed into a real-time mine status map with temporal and spatial relationships. This map allows for a direct observation of the spatial distribution of personnel and equipment, as well as their real-time location (or power) changes, which forms the basis for subsequent dynamic safety risk rating.

[0029] It should be further noted that in underground mining operations, personnel are not evenly distributed, but rather gather or move to varying degrees in areas such as the working face, tunnel face, transport and transfer points, and electromechanical chambers, depending on the different tasks performed. When the number of personnel in a certain area is large, the safety risks change in several ways: a higher personnel density directly amplifies the severity of the consequences of a safety accident: if a sudden event such as roof collapse, abnormal gas outburst, water inrush, or equipment failure occurs in that area, the more personnel in that area, the more people may be injured, and the larger the scale of the accident and casualties; at the same time, personnel... Dense personnel density also increases the difficulty of evacuation. Underground tunnels are inherently narrow, and evacuation routes are prone to congestion when personnel are concentrated, significantly increasing the difficulty of on-site command and emergency response. Personnel activities themselves also disturb the underground environment. When personnel frequently walk around the mining face, operate equipment, carry materials, or perform maintenance, they may increase the disturbance to the surrounding rock, raise dust, and even increase the probability of accidental equipment contact or misoperation. Especially during periods of intense mining operations, personnel may repeatedly move through high-risk areas in order to complete their shift tasks, and such activities themselves will change the dynamic risk level of that area.

[0030] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the total distance and displacement of each person within a short period of time are analyzed to obtain the real-time activity intensity index of each person. Combined with the roadway distribution, the activity intensity of people continuously distributed along the roadway is constructed to obtain the real-time activity intensity of people at each location. The specific method includes: A first time period is preset, which in this embodiment is described as 5 minutes. Any person is taken as the target person. The real-time position of the target person at each moment before the current moment in the first time period (including the current moment) is obtained. These positions are arranged chronologically to form a short-term movement sequence of the target person at the current moment. It is worth noting that if the time length before the current moment is less than the first time period, the short-term movement sequence is constructed using the actual existing moments and corresponding real-time positions. Based on the short-term movement sequence, the displacement and total distance traveled by the target person in the first time period before the current moment are obtained, and these are respectively used as the short-term displacement and total distance traveled by the target person at the current moment. This refers to the spatial distance between the first and last real-time positions in the short-term movement sequence. The total distance traveled is obtained by summing the spatial distances between adjacent real-time positions in the short-term movement sequence. Obtaining the displacement and total distance traveled in a short period of time based on the position over a period of time is a well-known technique, and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment. The ratio of the target person's total short-term distance traveled to their short-term displacement at the current moment is used as an indicator of the target person's activity intensity at the current moment. It should be noted that if the target person's short-term displacement at the current moment is 0, the ratio calculation is meaningless, and the target person's total short-term distance traveled at the current moment is directly used as an indicator of the target person's activity intensity at the current moment.

[0031] It should be noted that the activity intensity index is used to distinguish between long-distance travel and repeated traversal within a certain range. Long-distance travel is only a one-time traversal, which is relatively less risky. The closer the total short-time distance traveled is to the short-time displacement, the smaller the ratio and the lower the activity intensity index. On the other hand, repeated traversal results in the total short-time distance traveled being much greater than the short-time displacement. The larger the ratio, the higher the activity intensity index and the greater the relative risk.

[0032] Furthermore, since the real-time activity intensity index of each person is based on their distribution in the real-time mine status map, the activity intensity of each person in each roadway is discretely distributed. Based on the activity intensity index of each person at the current moment and their projection position on the center line of the reference roadway, the activity intensity of each person's location in the roadway is obtained. That is, the activity intensity index of the person corresponding to the location of the person is directly used as the person's activity intensity. If multiple people are present at any location at the current moment, the average of the activity intensity indices of the multiple people is taken as the person's activity intensity at that location. Based on the activity intensity of each person's location, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the real-time mine status map. The kernel function is a Gaussian kernel, and the bandwidth is set to the average width of all roadways. Then, through kernel density estimation, the activity intensity of each location in the real-time mine status map at the current moment is output. The activity intensity of the people in the roadway forms a continuous distribution instead of a discrete distribution.

[0033] It should be further noted that the intensity of equipment activity also affects the safety of the mine: mining equipment, transportation equipment, ventilation equipment, etc., generate vibration, noise, heat, and dust during operation, and some equipment may also generate sparks during electrical faults or mechanical friction; when there are many pieces of equipment in a certain area and their power loads are all high, the sources of danger in that area will be more concentrated; for example, when a tunneling machine is cutting rock, due to the large cutting resistance, the equipment operates at a high power, and the surrounding rock is strongly disturbed, increasing the risk of rock instability, rockfall, or rock bursts; at the same time, the cutting process generates a large amount of rock dust, and if ventilation is poor, its concentration may reach dangerous levels; prolonged high-load operation of equipment also increases the probability of failures such as cable overheating, mechanical jamming, and hydraulic system leakage; if these high-power devices are concentrated in the same area and operate simultaneously, the risk intensity on the equipment side will be significantly increased.

[0034] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, based on the real-time power of the equipment and the roadway distribution, a continuously distributed equipment risk intensity along the roadway is constructed to obtain the real-time equipment risk intensity at each location. The specific method includes: Similarly, the real-time power of each device is based on its distribution in the mine's real-time status map. The device risk intensity of each roadway is discretely distributed. Based on the real-time power of each device at the current moment and its projection position on the center line of the reference roadway, the device risk intensity of each location in the roadway is obtained. That is, the real-time power of the device corresponding to the location of the device is directly used as its device risk intensity. If multiple devices exist at any location at the current moment, the average real-time power of the multiple devices is used as the device risk intensity of that location. Based on the device risk intensity of each location of the device, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the mine's real-time status map. The kernel function is a Gaussian kernel, and the bandwidth is set to the average width of all roadways. Then, through kernel density estimation, the device risk intensity of each location in the mine's real-time status map at the current moment is output. The device risk intensity in the roadway forms a continuous distribution instead of a discrete distribution.

[0035] This provides a real-time map of the mine's status, along with real-time data on the intensity of personnel activity and equipment risk at various locations within the mine's roadways.

[0036] Step S003: Based on the real-time personnel activity intensity and equipment risk intensity at each location in the roadway, obtain the real-time activity risk intensity at each location; analyze the changing trend of activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at the same location over a period of time, as well as the correlation under the delay of the changing trend, to obtain the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient at each location, and then correct it to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location; combine the residence and movement status of personnel at each location in a short period of time to obtain the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location.

[0037] It should be noted that the risks in mines come from the interaction and superposition of personnel and equipment in the same space and time. In areas where personnel and equipment highly overlap (for example, in mining faces where equipment is often highly concentrated and usually requires multiple people to work together), various hazardous factors induced by equipment operation are more likely to directly affect nearby personnel. Once an accident occurs, the interaction between high-density personnel and high-intensity equipment may cause a chain reaction of equipment damage, production interruption and personnel casualties.

[0038] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time activity risk intensity at each location is obtained based on the real-time personnel activity intensity and equipment risk intensity at each location in the roadway, including the following specific method: The z-score normalization process is applied to the continuous distribution of personnel activity intensity and equipment risk intensity along the roadway at all times. z-score normalization is a well-known technique. Taking the continuous distribution of personnel activity intensity as an example, the input is the personnel activity intensity at each location at each time, and the output is the personnel intensity factor at each location at each time. The range of the personnel intensity factor is... Similarly, the equipment risk intensity output yields the equipment intensity factor for each location at each time. For the personnel intensity factor, the minimum personnel intensity factor for all locations at all times is obtained. The difference between the minimum personnel intensity factor and the personnel intensity factor for any location at the current time is used as the personnel activity factor for that location at the current time. Similarly, the difference between the equipment intensity factor for that location at the current time and the minimum equipment intensity factor for all locations at all times is used as the equipment risk factor for that location at the current time. The product of the personnel activity factor and the equipment risk factor for that location at the current time is used as the activity risk intensity for that location at the current time.

[0039] It should be noted that real-time activity intensity risk essentially describes the risk in the dimension of operational activity intensity, and does not reflect whether this activity intensity has a substantial impact on the stability of the surrounding rock. That is, high activity intensity does not necessarily mean a higher risk of surrounding rock instability. It is necessary to determine whether there is an activity intensity risk at the corresponding moment that causes the stress state of the anchor cable to deviate. In underground mining operations, real-time activity intensity risk fluctuates significantly with the operation cycle, shift handover, equipment maintenance, mining progress and other processes. Although these processes are all pre-planned production plans, the response of the surrounding rock to the activities during the execution of these pre-planned production plans varies due to the differences in the state of the surrounding rock.

[0040] It should be further explained that anchor bolt stress monitoring is a common method for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in mine roadways and working faces. Anchor bolts and cables are installed in the roof, sides, and working face of the roadway, and their stress directly reflects the deformation and stress adjustment process of the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock is subjected to external disturbances (such as mining activities, equipment vibration, blasting, etc.), the stress state inside the rock mass will change, and the stress on the anchor bolts will also increase or fluctuate accordingly. If the surrounding rock tends to be stable, the stress on the anchor bolts will usually fluctuate slightly within a certain range and gradually stabilize. Therefore, when the real-time activity intensity risk in a certain area increases or remains high, and the anchor bolt stress in that area also shows a corresponding upward trend, it indicates that the personnel and equipment activities in that area are exerting an actual loading effect on the surrounding rock, and the activity intensity risk has caused the stress state of the anchor bolts to deviate. Conversely, if the risk value increases but the anchor bolt stress remains stable, it may indicate that the surrounding rock conditions in that area are relatively good, the current activity intensity has not yet caused a substantial impact, or the disturbance has been absorbed by the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock itself.

[0041] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method of analyzing the changing trends of activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at the same location over a period of time, and the correlation of the changing trends with a delay, to obtain the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient at each location, and then correcting it to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location, includes the following specific methods: Since the anchor cable stress collected at each measuring point in the roadway is discretely distributed, and the measuring points are distributed laterally (i.e., after abstracting to the roadway centerline, there are multiple measuring points on the perpendicular line through any position on the roadway centerline for collecting anchor cable stress), the average anchor cable stress at the current moment of several laterally located measuring points at that position is taken as the anchor cable stress at that position at that moment. Through linear interpolation and linear normalization, the anchor cable stress at each position in the real-time mine status map is obtained at the current moment, thus forming a continuous distribution of anchor cable stress along the roadway. The continuous distribution of anchor cable stress is the normalized stress value, with a value range of [missing value]. This facilitates subsequent analysis by unifying the magnitude of the risk intensity of the activity.

[0042] Furthermore, for any location, the activity risk intensity and anchor bolt stress at each moment in the first time period before the current moment are obtained (including the current moment; if the time length before the current moment is less than the first time period, the actual time is used). This constitutes the recent activity risk sequence and recent anchor bolt stress sequence for that location at the current moment. It is worth noting that if the range of anchor bolt stress in the recent anchor bolt stress sequence is less than twice the sensor accuracy, it is considered "no response from the surrounding rock" in this embodiment because its fluctuation amplitude is too small. In subsequent calculations, the risk stress correlation coefficient will not be obtained, and the risk amplification factor will be directly set to 1. The recent activity risk sequence and the recent anchor bolt stress sequence are respectively subjected to first-order difference to obtain the recent risk change sequence and recent stress change sequence for that location at the current moment. The first-order difference is obtained by subtracting the previous element from the next element to obtain the difference between two adjacent elements, and the difference is used as the new element of the next element. This constitutes the difference sequence, where the first element is not obtained as a new element.

[0043] Furthermore, a cross-correlation coefficient is calculated between the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence. The calculation of the cross-correlation coefficient is a well-known technique and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment. An initial lag time, a lag time step, and a maximum lag time are preset. The initial lag time is set to 0 seconds, the lag time step is set to 0.01 seconds, and the maximum lag time is determined by the ratio of the anchor cable anchorage length to the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock. This is a well-known characteristic data in the art. The longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock is obtained based on the rock mass wave velocity test value in the geological report. Then, based on the initial lag time, the lag time step, and the maximum lag time, a cross-correlation coefficient is calculated between the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence based on different lag times, resulting in a curve showing the change of the cross-correlation coefficient with lag time. Lag indicates that the recent stress change sequence lags behind the recent risk change sequence. Taking a maximum lag time of 0.5 seconds as an example, the timestamp of the recent stress change sequence is shifted forward by 0.5 seconds before the cross-correlation coefficient is calculated with the original recent risk change sequence. If the timestamps of the two sequences do not correspond during the cross-correlation coefficient calculation, i.e., the corresponding element in the sequence does not exist at the corresponding acquisition time, linear interpolation is used to fill in the missing information before calculation. This yields the cross-correlation coefficients under different lag times. The change curve is obtained by fitting the cross-correlation coefficients under multiple lag times. The maximum value of the cross-correlation coefficient and the maximum value of 0 in the change curve are obtained and used as the risk stress correlation coefficient at the current time for that position. That is, if the maximum value is less than or equal to 0, the risk stress correlation coefficient at the current time for that position is set to 0; if the maximum value is greater than 0, the maximum value is used as the risk stress correlation coefficient at the current time for that position.

[0044] It should be noted that if there is a high correlation between the recent activity risk sequence and the recent anchor bolt stress sequence, i.e., the cross-correlation coefficient between the two initial sequences is large, it indicates that the activity intensity risk will cause the stress state of the anchor bolt to deviate. In this case, the same activity intensity risk will exhibit a higher risk. The lag time corresponding to the maximum cross-correlation coefficient is the actual delay between the activity intensity and the surrounding rock stress at the current moment. At this time, the cross-correlation coefficient is the degree of correlation between the two. If it is less than or equal to 0, it indicates that the activity intensity has a negative correlation with the stress state of the anchor bolt, and the impact of the anchor bolt stress change on the risk coefficient does not need to be considered. Conversely, if it is greater than 0, it indicates that the activity intensity risk is causing the stress state of the anchor bolt to deviate.

[0045] Furthermore, the sum of 1 and the risk stress correlation coefficient of the location at the current moment is used as the risk amplification coefficient of the location at the current moment. The product of the risk amplification coefficient and the activity risk intensity of the location at the current moment is used as the comprehensive risk intensity of the location at the current moment.

[0046] It should be noted that the comprehensive risk intensity represents the overall risk situation of the corresponding location. The higher the value, the more likely a safety accident is to occur at the corresponding location or the more severe the impact of a safety accident.

[0047] It is further important to clarify that by analyzing the real-time distribution and working status of personnel and equipment on the mine's real-time status map, a real-time updated risk intensity value is obtained for each location on the map. The distribution of this value on the map can intuitively tell safety managers about the real-time risk distribution in various parts of the mine. However, this risk value is only based on real-time data at the current moment and can only reflect the risk intensity of each location at a certain moment. Although it is updated in real time, it can only reflect the instantaneous value at the corresponding moment. The dynamic scheduling strategy for personnel and equipment used to reduce risk values ​​is a dynamic and continuous process. It needs to consider the spatial distribution structure of risks, the trend of changes in time, and the feasibility and safety of the scheduling operation itself. If scheduling is based solely on the risk value at the current moment, short-sighted decisions may be made. For example, the current risk value of a certain area may be high, but it may be caused by a short-term shift change and will not remain high. If the dispatched personnel and equipment leave and then return, it will not only increase extra labor but may also disrupt the production rhythm. Conversely, if the current risk value of a certain area is not high, but it shows a significant upward trend, it may develop into a local high-risk area in a short period of time if no intervention is made in advance.

[0048] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time corrected risk intensity of each location is obtained by combining the short-term residence and movement status of personnel at each location, including the following specific methods: A local radius is preset. In this embodiment, the radius of the local radius is the average width of the tunnel. Taking any location as the center, the local radius of that location is obtained. The sum of the number of people in the local radius at each time point in the first time period before the current time (including the current time) is obtained as the short-term total number of people at that location at the current time. The number of people at each time point is determined based on whether the real-time location of the people at each time point is within the local radius. (Since it is a local radius, the projection position of the tunnel centerline is no longer used for analysis. The local radius is formed by constructing a circle based on the plane corresponding to the surface of the tunnel. That is, since the tunnel has a height, but the people and equipment are distributed on the surface of the tunnel, the local radius does not need to be analyzed for height.) If the local radius is within the local radius, the number of people is incremented by 1 to obtain the number of people in the local radius at each time point, and then the sum is used to obtain the short-term total number of people. Based on each person The system uses personnel location cards and their real-time locations. The location cards are used to identify whether personnel are the same person. The system obtains the number of personnel passing through a local area of ​​that location in the first time period before the current time. That is, based on the number of personnel in the local area at each time, duplicate personnel are removed. In other words, the same person is only counted once in the first time period. The result is used as the short-term number of people passing through that location at the current time. The ratio of the total number of short-term personnel at that location to the number of short-term passers is used as the personnel dwell factor at that location at the current time. It is worth noting that if the total number of short-term personnel and the number of short-term passers at that location at the current time are both 0 (if one of them is 0, then both are 0), the personnel dwell factor is set to 1. The personnel dwell factor of all locations (based on the center line of the mine's real-time status map) at the current time is linearly normalized, and the result is used as the personnel dwell index of each location at the current time.

[0049] It should be noted that the personnel dwelling index is used to indicate the dwelling status of personnel in an area. The higher the value, the more personnel in the area mainly stay or move around in a small area, and the risk status tends to be continuous. The lower the value, the more personnel in the area mainly pass through quickly, and the risk status tends to be more instantaneous. At the same time, scheduling itself will also change the temporal evolution of risk values. Moving personnel and equipment from area A to area B will decrease the risk value in area A, but increase the risk value in area B. However, if area B was already close to the high-risk threshold, scheduling may exceed the threshold and form a new risk hotspot. This risk transfer caused by scheduling needs to be simulated and evaluated before decision-making.

[0050] Furthermore, the product of the personnel occupancy index at any location at the current moment and the comprehensive risk intensity is used as the modified risk intensity of that location at the current moment.

[0051] At this point, the real-time corrected risk intensity for each location is obtained.

[0052] Step S004: Analyze the changes in the corrected risk intensity of each person or piece of equipment before and after their departure, obtain the real-time risk performance factors of each person and piece of equipment, and schedule them in conjunction with the real-time mine status map.

[0053] Specifically, for any person or piece of equipment, the relevant data of that person or equipment (personnel refers to real-time location, equipment refers to real-time location and real-time power) is removed from the mine's real-time status map. The real-time activity intensity of the person or the risk intensity of the equipment at each location continuously distributed along the roadway is recalculated, thus obtaining the recalculated real-time activity risk intensity at each location, and finally obtaining the recalculated real-time corrected risk intensity at each location. Taking the current moment and the target person as an example, the locations where the corrected risk intensity changes before and after removing the target person's relevant data are extracted as the target person's influence locations at the current moment. The difference between the corrected risk intensity before and after removal at each influence location at the current moment is obtained, and the influence locations corresponding to all positive differences are taken as the risk influence locations of the target person at the current moment. The sum of the differences corresponding to all risk influence locations is divided by the sum of the corrected risk intensities of all risk influence locations at the current moment, and the ratio is taken as the risk performance factor of the target person at the current moment. Similarly, the risk performance factors of each person and each piece of equipment at the current moment are obtained.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location, a graded response threshold is established to classify the risk level of each location. In this embodiment, the response thresholds are set to 0.5 and 1, respectively. If the corrected risk intensity is less than 0.5, it is a low-risk level; if it is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1, it is a medium-risk level; and if it is greater than or equal to 1, it is a high-risk level. Locations with consecutive risk levels are merged into one region, resulting in several regions and their corresponding risk levels. Several high-risk regions are then extracted. Taking any high-risk region as an example, the risk performance factors of personnel and equipment present in that high-risk region at the current moment and in the first time period before that moment are arranged in descending order. Personnel and equipment are sorted separately, and personnel and equipment that are difficult to schedule are removed from both sorts based on personnel positions, start-up and shutdown costs of large equipment, and work process arrangements. For example, the risk performance factor of the scraper conveyor is 0.3, while the coal mining machine and transfer machine are not adjustable. Personnel A has a risk performance factor of 0.5 but cannot be dispatched, while personnel B has a risk performance factor of 0.25 and personnel C has a risk performance factor of 0.1. Other personnel are also not dispatched due to job restrictions. Within this high-risk area, dispatchable personnel and equipment are temporarily dispatched to other low-risk areas for other work, according to their priority (excluding the two undispatchable personnel and equipment). For example, the scraper conveyor is dispatched to a low-risk area (such as a transport tunnel), and personnel B is transferred to the maintenance area (low-risk) to assist in maintenance. For high-risk areas where the risk level cannot be reduced through personnel and equipment dispatch, safety supervision is strengthened (e.g., assigning a dedicated safety officer to supervise the area throughout the process and preparing emergency evacuation routes) to ensure compliance of the production process and to ensure that a rapid response can be made in the event of a safety incident, guiding relevant personnel to evacuate quickly and orderly. This achieves dynamic risk rating and dispatching of each area throughout the entire mining operation process.

[0055] This concludes the embodiment.

[0056] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, to avoid the fraction being meaningless due to a denominator of 0 during the calculation of ratios and fractions, unless otherwise specified, a hyperparameter is added to the denominator for calculation. In this embodiment, the hyperparameter adopts... To narrate.

[0057] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic safety risk rating system for the entire mining operation process. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above method steps S001 to S004.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Collect three-dimensional tunnel maps of the mining operation process, and record the real-time location of personnel and equipment in the tunnel, the real-time power of the equipment, and the anchor cable stress at each measuring point in the tunnel; Based on the 3D tunnel map and the real-time locations of personnel and equipment, as well as the real-time power of the equipment, a real-time mine status map is constructed; the total distance and displacement of each person in a short period of time are analyzed to obtain the real-time activity intensity index of each person; combined with the tunnel distribution, the activity intensity of personnel continuously distributed along the tunnel is constructed to obtain the real-time activity intensity of personnel at each location; based on the real-time power of the equipment and the tunnel distribution, the risk intensity of equipment continuously distributed along the tunnel is constructed to obtain the real-time risk intensity of equipment at each location. Based on the real-time activity intensity of personnel and equipment risk intensity at various locations in the roadway, the real-time activity risk intensity at each location is obtained; the changing trends of activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at the same location over a period of time are analyzed, as well as the correlation under the lag of the changing trends, to obtain the real-time risk stress correlation coefficient at each location, and then corrected to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location; combined with the short-term residence and movement status of personnel at each location, the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location is obtained. Analyze the changes in the corrected risk intensity of each person or piece of equipment before and after their departure, obtain the real-time risk performance factors of each person and piece of equipment, and combine them with the real-time status map of the mine for scheduling.

2. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific methods for constructing the real-time status map of the mine are as follows: Based on the design centerline of the tunnel, each tunnel in the 3D tunnel map is abstracted into a linear shape; Taking any given moment as the current moment, obtain the roadway centerline closest to each person or piece of equipment at the current moment, and use it as the reference roadway centerline for each person or piece of equipment at the current moment. Then, project the real-time position of each person or piece of equipment at the current moment vertically onto its reference roadway centerline. By binding the real-time power of each device at the current moment with its projection position on the center line of the corresponding reference roadway, the real-time status map of the mine at the current moment is constructed.

3. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the real-time activity intensity indicators of each individual is as follows: The first time period is preset, and any person is taken as the target person. The real-time location of the target person at each moment in the first time period before the current moment is obtained and arranged in chronological order to form a short-term movement sequence of the target person at the current moment. Based on the short-time movement sequence, the displacement and total distance traveled by the target person in the first time period before the current moment are obtained, and are respectively used as the short-time displacement and total distance traveled by the target person at the current moment. The ratio of the total short-term distance traveled by the target personnel to their short-term displacement at the current moment is used as an indicator of the activity intensity of the target personnel at the current moment.

4. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for obtaining the real-time human activity intensity at each location are as follows: Based on the activity intensity index of each person at the current moment and their projection position on the center line of the reference roadway, the activity intensity of each person at each location in the roadway is obtained. Based on the activity intensity of personnel at each location, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the real-time mine status map to output the activity intensity of personnel at each location in the real-time mine status map at the current moment.

5. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific methods for obtaining the real-time device risk intensity at each location are as follows: Based on the real-time power of each device at the current moment and its projected position on the center line of the reference roadway, the equipment risk intensity at the location of each device in the roadway is obtained. Based on the equipment risk intensity of each location, a one-dimensional weighted kernel density estimation is applied to all locations in the real-time mine status map to output the equipment risk intensity of each location in the real-time mine status map at the current moment.

6. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the real-time activity risk intensity at each location is as follows: The intensity of personnel activity and the intensity of equipment risk distributed continuously along the roadway at all times are standardized to obtain the personnel intensity factor and equipment intensity factor at each location at each time. The personnel intensity factor is nonnegated based on its minimum value to obtain the personnel activity factor at each location at the current time. The equipment strength factors are nonnegated based on their minimum values ​​to obtain the equipment risk factors at each location at the current time. The product of the personnel activity factor and the equipment risk factor at any location at the current moment is taken as the activity risk intensity at that location at the current moment.

7. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the real-time risk stress correlation coefficients at each location and then correcting them to obtain the real-time comprehensive risk intensity at each location includes: The average anchor cable stress at any given location is taken as the anchor cable stress at that location at the current time. Through linear interpolation and normalization, the anchor cable stress at each location in the real-time mine status map is obtained at the current time. For any location, obtain the activity risk intensity and anchor cable stress at each time point in the first time period before the current time, and construct the recent activity risk sequence and recent anchor stress sequence of the location at the current time. Obtain the recent risk change sequence and recent stress change sequence of the location at the current time through first-order difference, respectively. The cross-correlation coefficient is calculated for the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence. The initial lag time, lag time step size and maximum lag time are preset. The cross-correlation coefficient is calculated for the recent risk change sequence and the recent stress change sequence based on different lag times, and the cross-correlation coefficient change curve with lag time is obtained. The maximum value of the cross-correlation coefficient and the maximum value of 0 in the change curve are obtained, and used as the risk stress correlation coefficient at that position at the current moment; The sum of 1 and the risk stress correlation coefficient of the location at the current moment is used as the risk amplification coefficient of the location at the current moment. The product of the risk amplification coefficient and the activity risk intensity of the location at the current moment is used as the comprehensive risk intensity of the location at the current moment.

8. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific methods for obtaining the real-time corrected risk intensity at each location are as follows: The radius of a local area is preset, and the local area at any location is obtained by taking any location as the center. The sum of the number of people in the local area at each time point in the first time period before the current time is obtained as the short-term total number of people at the current time. Based on each person's location card and their real-time location, the number of people passing through that location in a local area during the first time period before the current moment is obtained, which is taken as the short-term number of people passing through that location at the current moment; the location card is used to identify whether the people are the same person. The ratio of the total number of short-term visitors to the number of short-term passersby at that location at the current moment is used as the visitor dwell factor at that location at the current moment. Linearly normalize the personnel dwell factor of all locations at the current time, and use the result as the personnel dwell index of each location at the current time; The product of the personnel occupancy index at any location at the current moment and the comprehensive risk intensity is used as the modified risk intensity of that location at the current moment.

9. The dynamic safety risk assessment method for the entire mining operation process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific methods for obtaining the real-time risk performance factors of each person and each piece of equipment are as follows: For any person or equipment, remove the relevant data of that person or equipment from the real-time status map of the mine, recalculate the real-time activity intensity of the person or the risk intensity of the equipment at each location continuously distributed along the roadway, and then obtain the recalculated real-time activity risk intensity at each location, and finally obtain the recalculated real-time corrected risk intensity at each location. Extract the locations where the intensity of the corrected risk changes before and after removing data related to the target personnel, and use these locations as the impact locations of the target personnel at the current moment; Obtain the difference between the modified risk intensity before removal and the modified risk intensity after removal for each affected location at the current moment. Take the affected locations corresponding to all positive differences as the risk affected locations of the target personnel at the current moment. The sum of the differences corresponding to all risk-affected locations is divided by the sum of the modified risk intensity of all risk-affected locations at the current moment, and the ratio is used as the risk performance factor of the target person at the current moment.

10. A dynamic safety risk rating system for the entire mining operation process, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the dynamic safety risk rating method for the entire mining operation process as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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