An ice and snow cold resource ecological product total value accounting method, system, device, medium and product

Abstract

The application discloses a snow and ice cold resource ecological product total value accounting method, system, equipment, medium and product, relates to the field of ecological economics and climatic resources, and comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-source heterogeneous data of an accounting area; performing space-time standardization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data, and standardizing a data set; constructing a multi-level accounting index system of the snow and ice cold resource ecological product; the multi-level accounting index system comprises a target layer, a category layer and an index layer; each category in the category layer comprises a plurality of accounting indexes in the index layer; the physical quantity of each accounting index is calculated based on the standardized data set; the value of each index in the index layer is calculated based on the physical quantity of each accounting index; and the values of the indexes are added up to obtain the total value of the snow and ice cold resource ecological product. The application can realize scientific and quantitative evaluation of the value of the snow and ice resource.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of ecological economics and climate resources, and in particular to a method, system, equipment, medium and products for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of ecological civilization construction, it is crucial to comprehensively and accurately account for the value of products and services provided by ecosystems for human well-being and economic development. Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting, as a core tool for quantifying ecological value and assessing the effectiveness of transformation, has moved from theoretical research to local practice, and has initially formed an accounting technology system primarily based on ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and farmland. However, the existing system faces multiple challenges in dealing with a special and important type of ecological asset—ice and snow cold resources—including theoretical gaps, technological bottlenecks, and application difficulties. Their value has long been underestimated, misjudged, or ignored, severely restricting the transformation of "cold resources" into "hot economy."

[0003] First, the existing theoretical framework is lacking, and the scientific basis for the value of ice and snow cold resources is weak. Traditional GEP accounting theory is rooted in biogeochemical cycles, and its indicator design (such as water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration and oxygen release) mainly serves vegetation-dominated ecosystems. Ice and snow cold resources, as a special ecosystem characterized by physical states (solid, low temperature) and phase transition processes (melting, sublimation), have a completely different value production mechanism. For example, its core value lies not only in the supply of "water" but also in the energy attributes inherent in "cold" itself (such as cold energy supply and climate regulation) and the spatial and service functions provided as a unique environmental base (such as ice and snow sports and extreme cold testing). Existing theories cannot systematically analyze how "cold" as an ecological element forms measurable ecological products, resulting in the long-term reliance on sporadic and superficial statistics such as "water resource volume" and "tourism numbers" for the value accounting of ice and snow resources. Its enormous regulatory and cultural service value has not been scientifically recognized and has not been "accounted for" in management.

[0004] Secondly, the lack of key technologies hinders the quantification and decomposition of value, creating a critical bottleneck. Even recognizing the diverse values ​​of ice and snow, accurately calculating their physical and value remains a challenge unresolved by current technologies. At the physical level, the ecological processes of ice and snow exhibit high spatiotemporal dynamism and physical complexity. For example, the inhibitory effect of snow cover on wind erosion requires localized corrections to general wind erosion models based on snow cover parameters. Existing GEP (Geographic Energy Emission Standard) calculation techniques directly apply general models, leading to distorted simulation results. At the more critical value level, the various service values ​​of ice and snow resources are highly intertwined and their ownership complex. What percentage of a ski resort's revenue is attributed to the "ice and snow sports function" itself, and what percentage is attributable to the "mountain landscape"? How can the value of the extreme cold testing industry be extracted from the vast output of the equipment manufacturing industry to highlight the unique contribution of the "natural environment testing ground"? Existing market-based and substitution cost methods fail in this scenario, lacking technical methods to accurately decompose and reasonably price the mixed value, resulting in either severely distorted calculation results or inapplicable results due to excessive controversy.

[0005] Furthermore, the results of accounting and application are insufficient to support precise decision-making and industrial transformation. Even with sporadic assessments of the value of snow and ice, the results are mostly macro-level, static aggregate data, severely disconnected from specific decision-making scenarios such as regional development, industrial planning, and enterprise operations. Decision-makers cannot know the specific spatial distribution of snow and ice value (where are the highlands and lowlands), nor can they distinguish its specific industrial composition (how much do tourism, sports, and testing each contribute). This results in ecological protection responsibilities not being assigned to specific plots, a lack of quantitative basis for ecological compensation, and difficulty in conducting scientific cost-benefit analyses for industrial investment and project planning. Accounting work is reduced to "academic research" or "statistical reports," failing to effectively answer key management questions such as "which snowfield is most valuable to protect" and "which snow and ice industry offers the highest return on investment," greatly limiting the practical viability of the accounting results.

[0006] In summary, the lack of theoretical framework, technological shortcomings, and disconnect between theory and application constitute the prominent contradictions in the current field of ecological product value accounting for ice and snow resources. Developing a scientific, accurate, and practical specialized accounting technology and equipment capable of comprehensively depicting the total value of ecological products from ice and snow resources and effectively serving management decision-making and industrial development has become a critical technological bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome, possessing significant practical urgency and strategic value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, system, equipment, medium, and product for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources. This method enables the scientific and quantitative assessment of the value of ice and snow resources, and solves the core pain points of traditional technologies, such as "vague concept definition, difficulty in value separation, and disconnect between accounting results and application." It provides a core quantitative tool for establishing an ecological compensation mechanism for ice and snow cold resources and promoting the development of green economy in cold regions.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: Firstly, this application provides a method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources, including: Acquire multi-source heterogeneous data from the accounting region; The multi-source heterogeneous data is subjected to spatiotemporal standardization processing to standardize the dataset; A multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products is constructed; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer; The physical quantities of each accounting indicator are calculated based on a standardized dataset; The value of each indicator in the indicator layer is calculated based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator. The total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products is obtained by summing the values ​​of each indicator.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a system for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources. The system is used to execute the aforementioned method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources. The system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source heterogeneous data from the accounting area; The data processing module is used to perform spatiotemporal standardization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data to standardize the dataset; A multi-level accounting indicator system construction module is used to construct a multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer. The physical quantity calculation module is used to calculate the physical quantity of each accounting indicator based on a standardized dataset; The value calculation module is used to calculate the value of each indicator in the indicator layer based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator. The summation module is used to sum the values ​​of each indicator to obtain the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products.

[0010] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources.

[0011] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources.

[0012] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources.

[0013] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application addresses the problems of single data sources, poor spatiotemporal dynamic adaptability, and distorted model simulations in traditional accounting methods by acquiring and spatiotemporally standardizing multi-source heterogeneous ice and snow data. Based on a multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products, it breaks through the limitations of the traditional vegetation-oriented GEP theoretical framework, fills the theoretical gap in ice and snow cold resource value accounting, and effectively incorporates traditionally overlooked values ​​such as cold energy regulation and extreme cold testing. By accurately calculating the physical quantity and value of each indicator, it solves the technical bottleneck of the intertwined multiple values ​​of ice and snow, the difficulty in accurately separating them, and the scientific pricing. Finally, it summarizes the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products layer by layer, providing refined and structured accounting results. This effectively solves the problem of the disconnect between traditional accounting results and decision-making applications, improves the ice and snow ecological product accounting technology system, accurately quantifies the ecological value of ice and snow cold resources, supports the transformation of cold resources into a heat economy, and aligns with the strategic needs of ecological civilization construction. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, a method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources is provided. This method is executed by computer equipment, specifically by a computer device such as a terminal or a server alone, or by a terminal and a server together. In this embodiment, the method is described using a server as an example, including the following steps S1 to S6.

[0019] S1: Obtain multi-source heterogeneous data for the accounting region.

[0020] S2: Perform spatiotemporal standardization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data to standardize the dataset.

[0021] S3: Construct a multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer.

[0022] S4: Calculate the physical quantity of each accounting indicator based on the standardized dataset.

[0023] S5: Calculate the value of each indicator in the indicator layer based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator.

[0024] S6: Summing up the values ​​of each indicator yields the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products.

[0025] By implementing steps S1 to S6 above, a closed-loop standardized accounting process adapted to the special ecological assets of ice and snow will be formed, which will solve the three major industry contradictions of theoretical deficiencies, technical shortcomings and application disconnect in the existing ice and snow GEP accounting, improve the GEP accounting technology system, accurately quantify the ecological value of ice and snow, and meet the major strategic needs of ecological civilization construction.

[0026] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes: Acquire time-series remote sensing data, ground-based fixed-point monitoring data, socio-economic statistical data, and model data covering the accounting area.

[0027] The accounting area is based on a county or a specific area rich in ice and snow resources, and the time range is based on a complete ice and snow season or an annual cycle.

[0028] The remote sensing data includes snow cover area, snow water equivalent, surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and surface temperature data products retrieved from MODIS and / or Sentinel series satellites. Ground-based fixed-point monitoring data includes at least the snow cover period and duration, snow depth, snow density, snow pollutant concentrations, overwintering insect egg population surveys, insect population density, monitoring of overwintering waterbirds / rare animals in nature reserves, air temperature, wind speed, soil temperature and humidity, and runoff data from hydrological stations. Socioeconomic statistics include visitor traffic to ice and snow tourism areas, number of participants and event information at ice and snow sports venues, research project contracts / reports, winter testing logs from relevant enterprises or institutions, unit prices of water, electricity, agricultural products, carbon, etc., and cost data for refrigeration, humidification, and sand fixation. Model data includes vegetation carbon sequestration and soil carbon sequestration data for different types of ecosystems in the assessment area output by the InVEST model.

[0029] The data sources for the multi-source heterogeneous data in the accounting area are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0030] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes: All acquired data are mapped to a unified standard spatial grid. All vector data are rasterized, and all remote sensing and raster data at different resolutions are resampled to this standard grid using an area-weighted average method. A unified time step for the calculation is set, and instantaneous observations, hourly data, and monthly statistical data are unified to a daily-scale series using cumulative, averaging, or time interpolation methods, with strict alignment of the calculation start and end dates. Through these steps, the raw data is transformed into a standardized dataset that is spatiotemporally consistent and has controllable accuracy, providing reliable and unified input for subsequent calculation modules.

[0031] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes: "Ice and snow cold resource ecological products" refer to end services and products that are directly formed or significantly amplified by natural ice and snow and low-temperature climate conditions and are available for human use. The multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products adopts a three-level structure: "target layer - category layer - indicator layer." The first-level target layer refers to the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products. The second-level category layer includes supply services, regulation services, and cultural services. The third-level indicator layer includes multiple accounting indicators, namely, freshwater resource supply, cold energy resource supply, hydropower contribution, soil warming and moisture retention, air humidity regulation, windbreak and sand fixation, air purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate, pest and disease control, ice and snow tourism, ice and snow sports, ice and snow scientific research and testing services, and species conservation and biodiversity. See Table 2 for details. Table 2

[0032] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes: (1) All accounting indicators in the supply of services are included in the physical quantity accounting.

[0033] 1) The physical quantity of freshwater resources supplied is calculated using formula (1): (1) in, For the melting runoff force (m) 3 ); Let be the melting coefficient (mm / ℃·d) of the i-th type of ecosystem; Positive accumulated temperature (°C·d) represents the depth of snow that can melt for every 1°C increase in temperature above the melting point over one day. The area (hm) of the i-th type of ecosystem 2 ).

[0034] 2) The physical quantity of cold energy resources supplied is calculated using formula (2): (2) in, Cold energy utilization (kWh); Cooling power (kW); The cumulative effective time (h) for cold energy utilization.

[0035] 3) The physical quantity contributed by hydropower generation is calculated using formula (3): (3) in, Electricity generated from snowmelt (kWh); The head of clean water for power generation (m); Acceleration due to gravity (m / s²) 2 ); The efficiency coefficient of the water turbine (dimensionless). The duration of power generation is expressed in seconds. To rely on the power of meltwater runoff Effective flow rate (m 3 / s), the calculation formula is: (4) in, The total inflow of the hydropower station (m³) 3 / s), which can be obtained through actual measurements at hydrological stations. The contribution of snowmelt to the total inflow into the reservoir (dimensionless). The calculation formula is: (5) in, Snow runoff (m³) 3 / s), the calculation formula is: (6) in, This is the total number of seconds (s) for the calculation period.

[0036] (2) Calculation of the physical quantity of services supplied.

[0037] 1) Calculation of the physical quantity of soil warming and moisture retention.

[0038] Snow cover helps perennial vegetation survive the winter by reducing heat transfer from the soil to the atmosphere and maintaining soil temperature. The total heat energy stored in the soil by the snow cover is significant. The physical amount of soil used for warming and moisture retention is calculated according to formula (7): (7) in, The total heat energy (J) retained by the snow layer in the soil; The effective thermal conductivity of the snow layer (W / mK); The average temperature difference between snow and air (K); Effective insulation thickness of snow cover (m); Snow cover area (hm) 2 ); The duration of snow cover (s).

[0039] Soil moisture retention refers to the amount of water replenished to the soil by snowmelt infiltration, calculated according to formula (8): (8) In the formula, It is the soil moisture retention capacity of snowmelt (m³) 3 This represents the actual amount of water that melts snow and ice into the soil. It is the total amount of snow and ice meltwater (m³) 3 α is the runoff coefficient (dimensionless), which refers to the proportion of meltwater that forms surface runoff. It is the soil infiltration coefficient (dimensionless), which refers to the proportion of meltwater that infiltrates into the soil after deducting runoff.

[0040] 2) The physical quantity for air humidity regulation is calculated using formula (9): (9) in, Actual quantity for air humidity regulation (mm·hm) 2 ), The snow surface evaporation intensity (mm).

[0041] 3) Calculation of the physical quantity of windbreak and sand fixation.

[0042] Snow and ice layers inhibit wind erosion by increasing soil moisture and acting as physical barriers, thereby reducing wind erosion losses. The improved modified wind erosion model (10) calculates the amount of snow and ice that helps prevent wind erosion and fix sand. (10) in, The physical quantity (kg) for windbreak and sand fixation refers to the total amount of soil erosion reduced by snow cover during the snow season; The total duration of snow and ice cover (d). , where is the climate erosion factor (kg / m) for the i-th type of ecosystem; For the soil erosion factor (dimensionless) of the i-th type of ecosystem; For soil crust factor (dimensionless) of the i-th type of ecosystem. Surface roughness without snow (dimensionless); Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of ecosystem; Let be the snow and ice cover factor (dimensionless) of the i-th type of ecosystem, calculated by formula (11): (11) In the formula, Let be the snow cover rate (dimensionless) of the i-th type of ecosystem. Let be the snow depth (m) of the i-th type of ecosystem; Snow density (kg / m³) for the i-th type of ecosystem 3 ); Critical snow water equivalent (kg / m³) 2 Beyond this thickness, the wind erosion suppression effect becomes saturated.

[0043] 4) The actual quantity of air purification is calculated according to formula (12): (12) in, Air purification quantity (mg·hm) 2 ); PM concentration in snow samples (mg / kg); Snow density (kg / m³) 3 ); Snow depth (mm).

[0044] 5) Physical quantity calculation of carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate.

[0045] Spring meltwater from snow and ice contributes to the growth of vegetation and carbon sequestration in spring. The contribution of this part of carbon sequestration and oxygen release is calculated as the actual amount of carbon sequestration and oxygen release from snow and ice, according to formula (13): (13) In the formula, Contribution of carbon sequestration and oxygen release rate (kgC / hm) 2 ); Total evapotranspiration of the ecosystem (mm); and Carbon sequestration by vegetation and soil (KgC / hm) 2 ).

[0046] 6) Calculation of the physical quantity of pest and disease control.

[0047] The actual amount of pest and disease suppression by snow and ice cover is the percentage reduction in pest and disease mortality relative to the absence of snow and ice cover, calculated according to formula (14): (14) in, The actual amount of pesticides used to suppress pests and diseases (%). and The percentages represent the mortality rates of pests and diseases with and without snow or ice cover.

[0048] (3) Accounting for the physical quantity of cultural services.

[0049] 1) The physical quantity of ice and snow tourism is the total number of person-times for non-sports activities, calculated according to formula (15): (15) in, For the physical quantity of ice and snow tourism, Total number of tourists For skiing participants.

[0050] 2) The physical quantity of ice and snow sports includes the physical quantity of ice and snow scientific research services and the comprehensive physical quantity of extreme cold testing services, calculated according to formulas (16) and (17): (16) in, The total number of participants in ice and snow sports Total number of skiing participants This represents the total number of participants in ice skating.

[0051] (17) in, The physical quantity (dimensionless) of services provided to the event brand. Let be the level coefficient of the j-th event (international = 3, national = 2, provincial = 1). For the media exposure of the jth match, Let m be the number of brand sponsorships for the j-th event (normalized value), and m be the total number of events. 3) Physical quantity accounting for ice and snow scientific research and testing services.

[0052] Ice and snow scientific research services include the number of scientific research projects, the number of published papers, patents, and other achievements, calculated according to formula (18): (18) in, Physical quantity (items) of services provided for ice and snow scientific research. The number of research projects (items). The number of published papers (articles). The number of invention patents (items).

[0053] The cumulative number of testing services, duration, and amount of test data provided by the extreme cold testing service to the testing company are calculated according to formula (19): (19) in, Comprehensive physical quantity (dimensionless) for extreme cold testing services The cumulative number of times (times) for testing services. Cumulative testing service duration (hours). The amount of valid test data provided (GB). , , These are the weighting coefficients for the number of times, duration, and data volume, respectively.

[0054] 4) The physical quantity of species conservation and biodiversity is calculated according to formula (20): (20) in, Physical quantity (dimensionless or ha) for species conservation and biodiversity. The area of ​​habitat supported by ice and snow ecosystems; This is a species richness index (dimensionless).

[0055] Furthermore, step S5 specifically includes: The pricing is conducted directly or indirectly using market value methods, substitution cost methods, carbon trading prices, etc., and value accounting and value stripping are carried out.

[0056] (1) Calculation of the value of the supplied services.

[0057] 1) The value of freshwater resource supply is calculated using formula (21): or (twenty one) in, The value of freshwater resources supplied (in yuan); Local water price (yuan / m³) 3 ); Cost of water storage in reservoir (yuan / m³) 3 ).

[0058] 2) The value of cold energy resource supply is calculated using formula (22): (twenty two) in, The value of cold energy resources supplied (in yuan); The equivalent coefficient for electric refrigeration; The price is the electricity price (RMB / kWh).

[0059] 3) The value contributed by hydropower generation is calculated using formula (23): (twenty three) in, Value contributed to hydropower generation (in yuan); The on-grid electricity price is (yuan / kWh).

[0060] (2) Calculation of the value of the supplied services.

[0061] 1) The value of soil warming and moisture retention is calculated according to formula (24-26): (twenty four) (25) (26) in, Value of warming and retaining moisture in the soil (in yuan); The value of warming the soil (in yuan); The value of soil moisture retention (in yuan); Price per unit of heat (yuan / J or yuan / kWh); The shadow price of soil water per unit (yuan / m³) 3 You can refer to the local agricultural irrigation water price.

[0062] 2) The value of air humidity regulation is calculated according to formula (27): (27) in, Value of air humidity regulation (in yuan). Cost of industrial humidification (RMB / kg water).

[0063] 3) The value of windbreak and sand fixation is calculated according to formula (28): (28) in, Value for windbreak and sand fixation (in yuan); Cost per unit area for sand fixation (yuan / t).

[0064] 4) The value of air purification is calculated according to formula (29): (29) in, Value of air purification (in yuan); Cost of manual emission reduction (RMB / kg).

[0065] 5) The value of the carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate is calculated according to formula (30): (30) in, The value of contribution to carbon sequestration and oxygen release in ice and snow (in yuan). The carbon trading price is [price] yuan / tCO 2e ).

[0066] 6) The value of pest and disease control is calculated according to formula (31): (31) in, Value for pest and disease control (RMB). For the area of ​​farmland or grassland that benefits (hm) 2 ); For crop and forage yield (Kg / hm) 2 ); Price per unit of agricultural products or forage (yuan / kg).

[0067] (3) Value of cultural services.

[0068] 1) The value of ice and snow tourism is calculated according to formula (32): (32) in, Value of ice and snow tourism (RMB); Average transportation cost per person (yuan); The average cost of accommodation and meals per person (in yuan); The price is for the entrance ticket to the scenic area (excluding ski passes) (RMB).

[0069] 2) Value accounting of ice and snow sports.

[0070] The value of ice and snow sports services is calculated according to formula (33): (33) in, Value of services provided to winter sports (RMB); Total number of participants in ice and snow sports; This is the average price of a ski pass (RMB per person). The ticket price is for sightseeing only (in yuan).

[0071] The value of brand services for ice and snow sports venues and events is calculated according to formula (34): (34) in, Value of services provided to ice and snow sports venues and events (RMB); Average revenue per event (RMB / event), including event services, brand sponsorship, media promotion, etc.

[0072] 3) Value assessment of ice and snow scientific research and testing services.

[0073] The value of ice and snow scientific research is calculated according to formula (35): (35) in, Its scientific research value in ice and snow (RMB); Funding investment per research project and for each paper and patent, etc. .

[0074] The value of the extreme cold test service is calculated according to formula (36): (36) in, Value of services provided for extreme cold testing (RMB); Average revenue (RMB / test) provided for each test service and its data.

[0075] 4) The value of species conservation and biodiversity is calculated according to formula (37): (37) in, Value for species conservation and biodiversity (RMB); Social willingness to pay per unit of physical goods (yuan / hm) 2 (or yuan).

[0076] Furthermore, step S6 specifically includes: The total value of the 13 accounting indicators in the three major categories of supply services, regulation services, and cultural services is summed to obtain the Gross Ecological Product (GEP) of ice and snow cold resources.

[0077] This application has the following advantages: (1) Theoretical innovation: It pioneered a specialized accounting framework for “ice and snow cold resource ecological products”.

[0078] Existing Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting systems are mostly designed around traditional ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and farmland, lacking a systematic value deconstruction and quantification theory for the special ecological asset of "ice and snow cold resources." This application, for the first time, starts from the material and energy attributes of "cold" and constructs a groundbreaking "function-value" mapping theoretical framework covering "water, energy, land, tourism, research, and culture." This framework starts from three major categories: "supply, regulation, and culture," and mechanistically links the physical existence of ice and snow resources (such as snow cover and low temperature) with quantifiable ecological services (such as water supply, temperature regulation, sand fixation, recreation, and scientific research). This theoretical construction not only fills the theoretical gap in the field of value accounting for low-temperature ecosystems in ecological economics, but also provides a solution for the accounting of cold-region ecosystems in high-latitude and high-altitude areas worldwide.

[0079] (2) Technological breakthrough: It has overcome the core technological bottleneck of quantifying and stripping the value of "cold resources".

[0080] Current technologies for calculating the value of ice and snow largely rely on simple resource quantity statistics (such as water storage and tourist numbers) or qualitative descriptions, failing to isolate the unique contributions of ice and snow themselves, leading to severe underestimation or confusion of their value. This application achieves a leap from "fuzzy qualitative" to "precise quantitative" through two core technologies. First, it pioneers a dual-drive quantitative technology combining "physical models + market data." At the physical quantity level, it deeply couples satellite remote sensing and ground monitoring, modifying wind erosion models and other data through "snow cover parameterization" to accurately simulate the "pure incremental" services generated by physical processes such as snow cover, meltwater, cooling, and sand fixation. At the value level, it innovatively introduces a value stripping and weight determination technology combining "selective experimentation" and "analytic hierarchy process," accurately separating and pricing the multiple and intertwined public or non-use values ​​of ice and snow landscapes, sports functions, and scientific research environments from mixed revenues, solving the problem of unclear value contribution attribution and significantly reducing the uncertainty of the calculation results.

[0081] (3) Application-oriented: It pioneered the "general-scenario" dual-level indicators to enable the results to accurately empower industrial decision-making.

[0082] Existing GEP (Gross Ecosystem Product) accounting results often present macro-level totals, which are disconnected from specific industry planning and operational management. This application pioneers a two-tiered indicator system design: a general foundation layer and an application scenario layer. The general layer ensures the scientific rigor, comparability, and comprehensive coverage of the accounting; the scenario layer designs differentiated value assessment paths and key performance indicators (KPIs) for three core industry scenarios: "ice and snow tourism," "skiing," and "extreme cold testing." For example, for skiing, it goes beyond simply calculating "tourist numbers," instead breaking down the accounting for the venue use value of "sports function services" and the media and brand premium of "event brand services." This allows the accounting results to be directly translated into "benchmarkable, optimizable, and tradable" business and policy language. Local governments can use the accounting results of this application to assess the ecological investment return rate of ski resorts and winter tourism routes, while enterprises can quantify the true value and operational efficiency of their own ice and snow assets. This provides direct quantitative decision-making basis for pricing ice and snow tourism products, ski resort investment decisions, and the planning of cold-region testing industrial parks, effectively supporting the efficient transformation of "cold resources" into a "hot economy."

[0083] (4) Standardization and scalability: solidify complex methodologies into replicable technical tools.

[0084] Given the specialized and complex nature of GEP (Genomic Energy Product) accounting, this application integrates and solidifies all the aforementioned theories, models, parameters, and processes into a comprehensive hardware and software-integrated "Automated Accounting System for Ice and Snow Cold Resource Ecological Products." This system includes a standardized parameter library, model algorithm library, and value calculation template adapted to major ice and snow regions. Users only need to import local remote sensing, meteorological, and socio-economic data to automatically complete the entire process from data preprocessing, physical quantity simulation, value calculation to report generation. This "toolbox" approach transforms high-threshold scientific research into standardized business operations, enabling managers at different levels—from provinces, cities, and counties to individual nature reserves and ski resorts—to quickly master and apply the system. This provides a readily usable core technological foundation for unified ice and snow cold resource value accounting, the development of local and industry standards, and the establishment of ecological product trading mechanisms. It represents an engineering leap from "laboratory methods" to an "operational platform," demonstrating significant potential for widespread adoption.

[0085] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources. The solution provided by this system is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the system for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources provided below can be found in the limitations of the method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] In one exemplary embodiment, a system for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources is provided, including the following modules.

[0087] The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source heterogeneous data from the accounting area.

[0088] The data processing module is used to perform spatiotemporal standardization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data to standardize the dataset.

[0089] A multi-level accounting indicator system construction module is used to construct a multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer.

[0090] The physical quantity calculation module is used to calculate the physical quantity of each accounting indicator based on a standardized dataset.

[0091] The value calculation module is used to calculate the value of each indicator in the indicator layer based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator.

[0092] The summation module is used to sum the values ​​of each indicator to obtain the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments. The computer device can be a server or a terminal. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (I / O), and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus via the I / O interface. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores data to be processed. The I / O interface of the computer device is used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0094] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0095] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0096] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0098] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0099] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0100] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources, characterized in that, include: Acquire multi-source heterogeneous data from the accounting region; The multi-source heterogeneous data is subjected to spatiotemporal standardization processing to standardize the dataset; A multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products is constructed; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer; The physical quantities of each accounting indicator are calculated based on a standardized dataset; The value of each indicator in the indicator layer is calculated based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator. The total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products is obtained by summing the values ​​of each indicator.

2. The method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The category layer includes multiple categories, namely supply services, regulation services, and cultural services.

3. The method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources according to claim 2, characterized in that, The indicator layer includes multiple accounting indicators, namely, freshwater resource supply, cold energy resource supply, hydropower contribution, soil warming and moisture retention, air humidity regulation, windbreak and sand fixation, air purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate, pest and disease control, ice and snow tourism, ice and snow sports, ice and snow scientific research and testing services, and species conservation and biodiversity. The accounting indicators for the supply of services include freshwater resource supply, cold energy resource supply, and hydropower contribution; The accounting indicators for regulation services include soil warming and moisture retention, air humidity regulation, windbreak and sand fixation, air purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate, and pest and disease suppression. The accounting indicators for cultural services include ice and snow tourism, ice and snow sports, ice and snow scientific research and testing services, and species conservation and biodiversity.

4. The method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources according to claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the physical quantity of freshwater resources supplied is: in, To compensate for the power of water runoff; Let be the melting water coefficient of the i-th type of ecosystem; It is a positive accumulated temperature; Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of ecosystem; The formula for calculating the physical quantity of cold energy resource supply is: in, This refers to the amount of cold energy utilized. For cooling power; This refers to the cumulative effective time for cold energy utilization. The formula for calculating the physical contribution of hydropower is as follows: in, The electricity generated from snowmelt; To rely on the power of meltwater runoff Effective traffic; For power generation, the head of the purified water; It is the acceleration due to gravity; The efficiency coefficient of the water turbine; For power generation duration; This refers to the total inflow into the reservoir of the hydropower station. The contribution ratio of snowmelt to the total inflow into the reservoir; The formula for calculating the actual amount of soil that increases temperature and retains moisture is: in, The total heat energy retained by the snow layer and soil; The effective thermal conductivity of the snow layer; The average temperature difference between snow and air. To ensure effective insulation thickness for snow accumulation; This refers to the area covered by snow. Duration of snow cover; The actual amount of soil moisture retained by snowmelt; This refers to the total amount of meltwater from snow and ice. This is the runoff coefficient; Soil infiltration coefficient; The formula for calculating the physical quantity of air humidity control is: in, The amount of material used to regulate air humidity. Evaporation intensity of snow surface; The formula for calculating the physical quantity of windbreak and sand fixation is: in, Physical quantity for windbreak and sand fixation; This represents the total duration of snow and ice cover. For the climate erosion factor of the i-th type of ecosystem; For soil erosion factors in the i-th type of ecosystem; For soil crusting factors in the i-th type of ecosystem; For snowless ground surface roughness; For the ice and snow cover factor of the i-th type of ecosystem; Let be the area of ​​the i-th type of ecosystem; Let be the snow cover rate of the i-th type of ecosystem; Let be the snow depth of the i-th type of ecosystem; Let be the snow density of the i-th type of ecosystem; This is the critical snowmelt equivalent. The formula for calculating the physical quantity of air purification is: in, This refers to the actual quantity of air purification equipment. This refers to the PM concentration in the snow sample. Snow density; The snow is deep; The formula for calculating the physical amount of carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate is as follows: in, The physical quantity contributing to carbon sequestration and oxygen release; Total evapotranspiration of the ecosystem; and These represent the carbon sequestration amounts of vegetation and soil, respectively. The formula for calculating the amount of actual material required to suppress pests and diseases is: in, The actual amount of substance used to suppress pests and diseases; and The mortality rates of pests and diseases were determined by whether or not the area was covered by ice or snow. The formula for calculating the physical quantity of ice and snow tourism is: in, For the physical quantity of ice and snow tourism; Total number of tourists; For skiing participants; The physical volume of winter sports includes the total number of participants and the physical volume of services provided by event brands: in, Total number of participants in ice and snow sports; Total number of skiing participants; Total number of participants in ice skating; Physical quantity of services provided to the event brand; Let be the rating coefficient for the j-th match; For the media exposure of the jth match; represents the number of brand sponsors for the j-th event; m represents the total number of events. The physical quantity of ice and snow research and testing services includes the physical quantity of ice and snow research services and the combined physical quantity of extreme cold testing services: in, Physical quantities serving ice and snow scientific research; The number of research projects; The number of published papers; The number of invention patents; Comprehensive physical quantity for extreme cold testing services; Accumulated number of test services; Cumulative testing service duration; To provide the amount of valid test data; , , These are the weighting coefficients for the number of times, duration, and data volume, respectively. The formula for calculating the physical quantity of species conservation and biodiversity is: in, For the physical quantity of species conservation and biodiversity; The area of ​​habitat supported by ice and snow ecosystems; This is a species richness index.

5. The method for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the value of freshwater resource supply is: or in, The value of freshwater resources; The local water price; Cost of water storage in reservoirs; The formula for calculating the value of cold energy resource supply is: in, The value of cold energy resources; The equivalent coefficient for electric refrigeration; For electricity price; The formula for calculating the value contributed by hydropower is: in, Contribute value to hydropower generation; For grid connection electricity price; The formula for calculating the value of soil warming and moisture retention is: in, Its value in warming and retaining soil moisture; Its value in warming the soil; The value of soil moisture retention; The price per unit of heat; The shadow price of soil water per unit; The formula for calculating the value of air humidity regulation is: in, The value of air humidity regulation Cost of industrial humidification; The formula for calculating the value of windbreak and sand fixation is: in, Its value in preventing wind erosion and fixing sand dunes; Cost of sand fixation per unit area; The formula for calculating the value of air purification is: in, Its value in air purification; To reduce the cost of human-made emissions; The formula for calculating the value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release contribution rate is as follows: in, The value of the contribution to carbon sequestration and oxygen release in ice and snow; For carbon trading prices; The formula for calculating the value of pest and disease control is: in, It has value in controlling pests and diseases. For the area of ​​farmland or grassland that benefits; For crop and pasture yields; The unit price of agricultural products or forage; The formula for calculating the value of ice and snow tourism is: in, Value for ice and snow tourism; Average transportation cost per person; This refers to the average cost of accommodation and meals per person. For the scenic area entrance ticket; The formula for calculating the value of winter sports is: in, Value in serving winter sports; Total number of participants in ice and snow sports; This represents the average price of a ski pass. This is a ticket price for pure sightseeing. Value of services for ice and snow sports venues and events; The average revenue per event; The formula for calculating the value of ice and snow scientific research and testing services is as follows: in, It has scientific research value for ice and snow. The average funding invested in each research project and achievement; Value of providing services for extreme cold testing; The average revenue provided for each test service and its data; The formula for calculating the value of species conservation and biodiversity is: in, For the value of species conservation and biodiversity; The willingness to pay in terms of a unit of physical goods.

6. A system for calculating the total value of ecological products from ice and snow cold resources, characterized in that, The system is used to execute the method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources as described in any one of claims 1-5, and the system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source heterogeneous data from the accounting area; The data processing module is used to perform spatiotemporal standardization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data to standardize the dataset; A multi-level accounting indicator system construction module is used to construct a multi-level accounting indicator system for ice and snow cold resource ecological products; the multi-level accounting indicator system includes a target layer, a category layer, and an indicator layer; each category in the category layer includes multiple accounting indicators in the indicator layer. The physical quantity calculation module is used to calculate the physical quantity of each accounting indicator based on a standardized dataset; The value calculation module is used to calculate the value of each indicator in the indicator layer based on the physical quantity of each accounting indicator. The summation module is used to sum the values ​​of each indicator to obtain the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products.

7. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for calculating the total value of ice and snow cold resource ecological products according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for calculating the total value of ecological products of ice and snow cold resources as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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