Display module, preparation method thereof and display device

Abstract

The application provides a display module, a preparation method thereof and a display device. The display module comprises a substrate, at least one sub-pixel located on one side of the substrate, a barrier wall structure located on a side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, a first high-refraction layer located on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, and a first recess formed by the barrier wall structure. The orthogonal projection of the barrier wall structure on the substrate surrounds the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The barrier wall structure has an included angle with the side wall of the first recess. The cross section of the first recess gradually decreases in a plane parallel to the substrate. The orthogonal projection of the opening of the first recess on the substrate overlaps the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The first high-refraction layer is located in the first recess and covers the bottom wall and part of the side wall of the first recess. The surface of the first high-refraction layer away from the sub-pixel is recessed towards the sub-pixel. The orthogonal projection of the first high-refraction layer on the substrate covers the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The application can improve the display screen window feeling and the particle feeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module, its manufacturing method, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of display technology, smart wearable devices, as an emerging application field, are attracting increasing market attention. Currently, the pixel per inch (PPI) of display modules in smart wearable products is relatively low, for example, less than or equal to 330, meaning there are 330 pixels per inch. Existing display products suffer from pixelation and a screen-door effect, reducing the user's visual experience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the embodiments of this application aim to provide a display module and its manufacturing method, as well as a display device, to solve the problems of strong graininess and screen-like appearance in display modules.

[0004] This application provides a display module comprising: a substrate; at least one sub-pixel located on one side of the substrate; a barrier structure located on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, wherein the orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate, the barrier structure forming a first groove, wherein the sidewall of the first groove forms an angle with a first direction parallel to the substrate, and the cross-section of the first groove gradually decreases in a direction gradually moving away from the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove away from the substrate on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate; and a first high-fold layer located on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, the first high-fold layer being located within the first groove, the first high-fold layer covering the bottom wall and part of the sidewall of the first groove, the surface of the first high-fold layer being recessed towards the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the first high-fold layer on the substrate covering the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0005] In one embodiment, the included angle is less than 90°; preferably, the distance between the end of the first high-fold layer away from the substrate and the substrate is less than the distance between the end of the barrier structure away from the substrate and the substrate; preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the first groove in a plane perpendicular to the substrate is trapezoidal; preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the barrier structure in a plane perpendicular to the substrate is an inverted trapezoid; preferably, the material of the barrier structure is silicon nitride or silicon oxide; preferably, the material of the first high-fold layer is optical adhesive.

[0006] In one embodiment, at least one sub-pixel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and the depth L of the surface of the first high-fold back-ion pixel recessed toward the sub-pixel satisfies the expression:

[0007]

[0008] Where w is the width of the sub-pixel in the first direction, n1 is the refractive index of the first high-refractive layer, and n2 is the air refractive index.

[0009] Where, the expression for 'a' is:

[0010] The expression for b is:

[0011] Where p0 is the distance between adjacent sub-pixels in the first direction, and h is the vertical distance between the viewing plane and the display module;

[0012] Preferably, in the observation plane, in the first direction, the width of the sub-pixel is less than the distance between adjacent sub-pixels; preferably, in the observation plane, the width of the sub-pixel in the first direction is greater than 0.07 mm.

[0013] In one embodiment, the display module further includes: a first electrode layer located on the side of the sub-pixel close to the first high-fold layer, the first electrode layer including a first electrode, a portion of the first electrode being reused as the cathode of the sub-pixel; a cover plate located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure away from the first electrode layer; a second high-fold layer located on the side of the cover plate away from the first high-fold layer; preferably, the material of the second high-fold layer includes optical adhesive; preferably, there is a gap between the first high-fold layer and the cover plate; preferably, the gap is a vacuum.

[0014] In one embodiment, the display module further includes an isolation layer located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure near the first electrode layer, wherein the orthogonal projection of the isolation layer on the substrate covers the orthogonal projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the display module further includes: a first electrode layer located on the side of the sub-pixel near the first high-fold layer, the first electrode layer including a first electrode, a portion of the first electrode being reused as the cathode of the sub-pixel; a cover plate located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure near the first electrode layer; a protective layer located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure away from the first electrode layer; a second high-fold layer located on the side of the protective layer away from the first high-fold layer; preferably, the material of the second high-fold layer includes optical adhesive; preferably, there is a gap between the first high-fold layer and the protective layer; preferably, the gap is a vacuum.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a method for fabricating a display module, comprising: providing a substrate; fabricating at least one sub-pixel on one side of the substrate; fabricating a barrier structure on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, wherein, in a first direction parallel to the display module, the orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate, the barrier structure forming a first groove, the sidewall of the first groove having an angle with the first direction parallel to the substrate, and in a direction gradually moving away from the sub-pixel, in a plane parallel to the substrate, the cross-section of the first groove gradually decreases, and the orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove away from the substrate on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate; fabricating a first high-fold layer in the first groove, wherein the surface of the first high-fold layer backing pixel is recessed toward the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the first high-fold layer on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0017] In one embodiment, preparing a first high-refractive-index layer within a first groove includes: filling the first groove with a high-refractive-index colloidal material using a printing technique; curing the colloidal material to form the first high-refractive-index layer; or, printing a high-refractive-index colloidal material within the first groove using a printing technique; and curing the colloidal material to form the first high-refractive-index layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, after the step of fabricating at least one sub-pixel on one side of the substrate and before the step of fabricating multiple barrier structures on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate, the method further includes: fabricating a first electrode layer on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate; preferably, after the step of fabricating a first high-fold layer in the first groove, the method further includes: fabricating a cover plate on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structures away from the first electrode layer; fabricating a second high-fold layer on the side of the cover plate away from the first high-fold layer; or, fabricating a protective layer on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structures away from the first electrode layer; and fabricating a second high-fold layer on the side of the protective layer away from the first high-fold layer.

[0019] A third aspect of this application provides a display device, including a display module as mentioned in any of the above embodiments, or a display module prepared by the preparation method mentioned in any of the above embodiments.

[0020] The technical solution of this application involves setting a barrier structure on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate, which encloses a first groove. The sidewall of the first groove forms an angle with a first direction. A first high-refractive-index layer is filled inside the first groove, with the surface of the first high-refractive-index layer backing the pixel facing the sub-pixel. Light emitted from the sub-pixel is refracted when passing through the first high-refractive-index layer, thereby increasing the divergence angle of the light and making the perceived size of the sub-pixel larger. The orthographic projection of the first high-refractive-index layer on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. This ensures that light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel can also be refracted through the first high-refractive-index layer. This configuration magnifies the sub-pixel, increases the pixel density perceived by the human eye when viewing the display screen, reduces graininess, and makes the display effect more delicate. The screen-door effect is caused by the gaps between pixels. Through the magnification of the sub-pixels in this embodiment, these gaps are visually reduced, thereby reducing the screen-door effect.

[0021] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 2 The image shown is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'.

[0025] Figure 3 The image shown is a top view of the retaining wall structure and sub-pixels provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 4 The image shown is provided by another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'.

[0027] Figure 5 The image shown is provided in yet another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'.

[0028] Figure 6 The image shown is provided in yet another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'.

[0029] Figure 7 The image shown is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line B-B'.

[0030] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a display module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a display module according to another embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a display module according to another embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 11 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a display module according to another embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 12 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a display module according to another embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0038] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a display module provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 The image shown is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'. Figure 3 The image shown is a top view of a retaining wall structure and sub-pixels provided in an embodiment of this application. See also... Figures 1-3 The display module 100 includes: a substrate 101, at least one sub-pixel 102 located on one side of the substrate 101, and a barrier structure 103 located on the side of the sub-pixel 102 facing away from the substrate 101. The orthographic projection of the barrier structure 103 on the substrate 101 surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101. The barrier structure 103 forms a first groove 1031. The sidewall of the first groove 1031 has an angle θ with a first direction parallel to the substrate 101. In the direction gradually moving away from the sub-pixel 102, the cross-section of the first groove 1031 gradually decreases in the plane parallel to the substrate 101. The orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove 1031 away from the substrate 101 on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101. The first high-fold layer 104 is located on the side of the sub-pixel 102 away from the substrate 101. The first high-fold layer 104 is located in the first groove 1031. The first high-fold layer 104 covers the bottom wall and part of the side wall of the first groove 1031. The first high-fold layer 104 is recessed towards the sub-pixel 102 from the surface of the sub-pixel 102. The orthographic projection of the first high-fold layer 104 on the substrate 101 covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101.

[0039] Specifically, the substrate 101 can be made of rigid or flexible material, and can be a substrate 101 or a driving substrate 101, used to support other components. The sub-pixel 102 is the basic light-emitting unit of the display module 100. The color of the sub-pixel 102 can be red, green, or blue, and multiple sub-pixels 102 are combined to form a complete pixel. A barrier structure 103 is provided on the side of the sub-pixel 102 facing away from the substrate 101, enclosing the shape of a first groove 1031.

[0040] The sidewall of the first groove 1031 forms an angle θ with a first direction parallel to the substrate 101. A first high-refractive-index layer 104 is filled within the first groove 1031, covering the bottom wall and part of the sidewall of the first groove 1031. The surface of the back-ion pixel 102 is recessed towards the sub-pixel 102. When light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 passes through the recessed surface of the first high-refractive-index layer 104, it is refracted outwards, thereby magnifying the sub-pixel 102 and reducing display graininess and screen-door effect. See also Figure 3 The orthographic projection of the barrier structure 103 on the substrate 101 surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 on the substrate 101 covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101, ensuring that all light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 can be effectively refracted. On a plane parallel to the substrate 101, the cross-section of the first groove 1031 gradually decreases in the direction away from the sub-pixel 102. The orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove 1031 away from the substrate 101 on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101, ensuring that light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 102 can also be refracted through the first high-refractive-index layer 104.

[0041] Figure 2 The diagram shows the visual area formed on the viewing plane Vp when light emitted from a portion of sub-pixel 102 does not pass through the first hyperrefractive layer 104, with a width V1 in the first direction; and the visual area formed on the viewing plane Vp when light emitted from a portion of sub-pixel 102 passes through the first hyperrefractive layer 104, with a width V2 in the first direction. The viewing plane Vp refers to the plane where the user is located when viewing the display module 100, and the viewing plane Vp is parallel to the display module 100. Figure 2 It can be clearly seen that V2>V1, that is, the first hyperrefractive layer 104 changes the propagation path of light by refraction, thereby enlarging the display area of ​​the sub-pixel 102.

[0042] For example, at least one sub-pixel 102 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 102, and light emitted from the edge regions of adjacent sub-pixels 102 is focused to the same point after passing through the first hyperrefractive layer 104, so that there are no gaps when the light emitted from adjacent sub-pixels 102 reaches the human eye, thereby improving the screen-door effect of the display.

[0043] The technical solution of this embodiment involves setting a barrier structure 103 on the side of the sub-pixel 102 facing away from the substrate 101, which forms a first groove 1031. The sidewall of the first groove 1031 forms an angle θ with the first direction. A first high-refractive-index layer 104 is filled inside the first groove 1031, so that the surface of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 is recessed towards the sub-pixel 102. Light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 is refracted when passing through the first high-refractive-index layer 104, thereby increasing the divergence angle of the light and making the size of the sub-pixel 102 perceived by the human eye larger. The orthographic projection of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 on the substrate 101 covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101. The orthographic projection of the cross section of the end of the first groove 1031 away from the substrate 101 on the substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101, ensuring that light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 102 can also be refracted through the first high-refractive-index layer 104. This configuration enlarges sub-pixels 102, increasing the perceived pixel density when viewing the display screen, thus reducing graininess and resulting in a more refined display. The screen-door effect, caused by gaps between pixels, is visually reduced by the enlargement of sub-pixels 102 in this embodiment, thereby minimizing the screen-door effect.

[0044] Exemplarily, the shape of the light-emitting element of sub-pixel 102 can be rectangular, rhomboid, pentagonal, or hexagonal. In some embodiments, at least one sub-pixel 102 includes four sub-pixels 102, for example, the light-emitting elements of the four sub-pixels 102 can be arranged in a diamond shape. In some embodiments, the light-emitting elements of the four sub-pixels 102 can be arranged horizontally side-by-side, vertically side-by-side, or in a square, etc., which is not limited herein. In other embodiments, at least one sub-pixel 102 includes three sub-pixels 102, and the light-emitting elements of the three sub-pixels 102 can be arranged horizontally side-by-side, vertically side-by-side, or in a triangular arrangement, etc., which is not limited herein.

[0045] In one embodiment, the included angle θ is less than 90°. Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the first groove 1031 in the plane perpendicular to the substrate 101 includes a trapezoid. Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the retaining wall structure 103 in the plane perpendicular to the substrate 101 includes an inverted trapezoid.

[0046] Specifically, the angle θ between the sidewall of the first groove 1031 and the first direction is less than 90°, causing the shape of the first groove 1031 to converge inward. When filling the first high-fold layer 104, the contact angle between the material of the first high-fold layer 104 and the first groove 1031 is less than 90°. Under the action of surface tension, the first high-fold layer 104 easily forms a surface recessed towards the sub-pixel 102, which is beneficial for refracting the light from the sub-pixel 102. Exemplarily, on a plane perpendicular to the substrate 101, the cross-sectional shape of the first groove 1031 is trapezoidal. This shape helps to maintain structural stability while facilitating the formation of the recessed structure of the first high-fold layer 104, thereby achieving light refraction. Exemplarily, on a plane perpendicular to the substrate 101, the cross-section of the barrier structure 103 is inverted trapezoidal. This arrangement makes it easier to enclose the shape of the first groove 1031 while providing a stable support structure.

[0047] The technical solution of this embodiment sets the angle θ between the sidewall of the first groove 1031 and the first direction to be less than 90°. The stable structure formed by the combination of the trapezoidal cross-section of the first groove 1031 and the inverted trapezoidal cross-section of the retaining wall structure 103 makes it easy to form the surface of the first high-refractive layer 104 recessed towards the sub-pixel 102. This allows the first high-refractive layer 104 to refract the light emitted by the sub-pixel 102, making the sub-pixel 102 appear larger and clearer. Therefore, this embodiment further improves the graininess and screen-door effect of the display module 100, thereby enhancing the overall display effect and visual experience.

[0048] Optionally, the distance between the end of the first high-fold layer 104 away from the substrate 101 and the substrate 101 is less than the distance between the end of the barrier structure 103 away from the substrate 101 and the substrate 101, further confining the first high-fold layer 104 within the first groove 1031, thereby preventing the first high-fold layer 104 from covering the surface of the barrier structure 103 away from the substrate 101, which would result in material waste or morphological defects.

[0049] In one embodiment, the barrier structure 103 is made of silicon nitride or silicon oxide. Optionally, the first high-fold layer 104 is made of optical adhesive.

[0050] For example, the material of the barrier structure 103 includes silicon nitride or silicon oxide. Silicon nitride is a material with high thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance, and chemical stability, and is commonly used in semiconductors and optical devices. Silicon oxide is an insulating material with a high melting point, corrosion resistance, and good optical properties. Using silicon nitride or silicon oxide as the material of the barrier structure 103 ensures the stability and durability of the structure while providing good optical performance. For example, the material of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 includes optical adhesive, which is a material with high transparency, low shrinkage, and good adhesion. Using optical adhesive as the material of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 ensures efficient light transmission and refraction.

[0051] The technical solution of this embodiment ensures the stability and durability of the display module 100 during long-term use by using silicon nitride or silicon oxide as the material of the barrier structure 103, and by using optical adhesive as the material of the first high-refractive-index layer 104, it helps to reduce light loss and distortion and improves light transmission efficiency. By using the materials exemplified above, this embodiment further improves the graininess and screen-like appearance of the display module 100.

[0052] Figure 4 The image shown is provided by another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'. (See diagram below.) Figure 4 As shown, the display module 100 further includes: a first electrode layer 105, located on the side of the sub-pixel 102 near the first high-fold layer 104, the first electrode layer 105 including a first electrode, a portion of the first electrode being reused as the cathode of the sub-pixel 102; and a cover plate 106, located on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 opposite to the first electrode layer 105.

[0053] Specifically, the first electrode layer 105 is a conductive layer in the display module 100, used to transmit current to the sub-pixel 102 to control the light emission of the sub-pixel 102. The first electrode layer 105 includes a first electrode, a portion of which is multiplexed as the cathode of the sub-pixel 102. Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 105 may be a thin film made of metal or conductive polymer, wherein a portion of the electrode is in direct contact with the sub-pixel 102. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 105 on the substrate 101 covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 on the substrate 101. Exemplarily, the display module 100 also includes a second electrode layer located on the side of the sub-pixel 102 closest to the substrate 101, the second electrode layer including a second electrode, a portion of which is multiplexed as the anode of the sub-pixel 102.

[0054] A cover plate 106 is disposed on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 facing away from the first electrode layer 105, for encapsulating components within the display panel and providing mechanical protection and environmental isolation for functional layers such as the sub-pixel 102 and the first high-fold layer 104. Optionally, the orthogonal projection of the cover plate 106 onto the substrate 101 covers the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel 102 onto the substrate 101. The cover plate 106 can be a glass cover plate or a thin film cover plate. Exemplarily, the cover plate 106 can be a thin sheet made of glass or transparent plastic, fixed to the surface of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 facing away from the first electrode layer 105 by adhesive or welding. Exemplarily, the cover plate 106 can be a flexible material such as polyimide (PI). Using a flexible material for the cover plate 106 allows the display module 100 to achieve a flexible display, with a variable shape, wider applicability, and facilitates the thinning and lightening of the display device.

[0055] In one embodiment, optionally, a gap exists between the first high-fold layer 104 and the cover plate 106. Optionally, the gap is a vacuum. Specifically, the first high-fold layer 104 is located inside the first recess 1031, with the central region of the surface of its back-ion pixel 102 recessed, while the cover plate 106 covers the opening of the first recess 1031, thus forming a vacuum gap between the first high-fold layer 104 and the cover plate 106.

[0056] In some possible implementations, the display module 100 may include other film layers, such as a touch structure layer, etc., which are not limited herein.

[0057] The technical solution of this embodiment provides a first electrode layer 105, which includes a first electrode, on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 near the sub-pixel 102. A portion of the first electrode is reused as the cathode of the sub-pixel 102, ensuring cathode current transmission for the sub-pixel 102. A cover plate 106 is provided on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 away from the first electrode layer 105, covering and protecting the internal components of the display panel. This prevents damage to the internal components from external factors such as dust and moisture, thereby improving the stability and durability of the display module 100. By optimizing current transmission and providing structural protection, this embodiment further enhances the display effect and visual experience of the display module 100, presenting users with clearer and more stable images.

[0058] Figure 5 The image shown is provided in yet another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'. (See diagram below.) Figure 5 As shown, the display module 100 also includes a second high-fold layer 107 located on the side of the cover plate 106 opposite to the first high-fold layer 104. Optionally, the material of the second high-fold layer 107 includes optical adhesive.

[0059] Specifically, the second high-refractive-index layer 107 is disposed on the side of the cover plate 106 opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer 104. The second high-refractive-index layer 107 is adjacent to the cover plate 106 and is made of a high-refractive-index material to further optimize the transmission and refraction of light. Light emitted from the sub-pixel 102, after passing through the first high-refractive-index layer 104, passes through the cover plate 106 and the second high-refractive-index layer 107, and is further refracted outwards, creating a magnified effect on the sub-pixel 102. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the second high-refractive-index layer 107 onto the substrate 101 covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102 onto the substrate 101, ensuring that light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 102 can also be refracted out through the second high-refractive-index layer 107. This arrangement further magnifies the sub-pixel 102, increasing the pixel density perceived by the human eye when viewing the display screen, thereby reducing graininess and screen-door effect, resulting in a more refined display.

[0060] Exemplarily, the second high-refractive-index layer 107 can be a thin film of a high-refractive-index material, such as an optical adhesive film. Using optical adhesive as the material for the second high-refractive-index layer 107 ensures efficient light transmission and refraction while providing good adhesion. Exemplarily, during manufacturing, optical adhesive can be uniformly applied to the surface of the cover plate 106 opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer 104, and then cured to form a stable second high-refractive-index layer 107. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 and the refractive index of the second high-refractive-index layer 107 are different. By utilizing the difference in refractive indices of the two films, the light transmission path can be altered to cause light scattering, thereby further improving the screen-door effect.

[0061] The technical solution of this embodiment further optimizes display performance by adding a second high-refractive-index layer 107 to the display module 100, located on the side of the cover plate 106 opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer 104, and optionally using optical adhesive as the material of the second high-refractive-index layer 107. Specifically, the addition of the second high-refractive-index layer 107 increases the number of light refractions, thereby enhancing the magnification effect on the sub-pixels 102 and filling the area between adjacent sub-pixels 102. This further helps to improve the graininess and screen-door effect of the display. Moreover, since optical adhesive has high transparency, using it as the material of the second high-refractive-index layer 107 can effectively reduce light loss and improve display brightness. Optical adhesive has good adhesion properties, and using it as the material of the second high-refractive-index layer 107 can increase the structural stability of the display module 100 and reduce the risk of interlayer separation.

[0062] It should be noted that the types of display modules 100 to which the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are applicable include, but are not limited to, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display modules. This application does not impose specific limitations in this regard. For example, the light-emitting elements in the display module 100 may include quantum dot light-emitting diodes, inorganic light-emitting diodes, and various other types of light-emitting elements. For these other types of light-emitting elements, the embodiments of this application may also utilize the first high-refractive-index layer 104 and / or the second high-refractive-index layer 107 to improve the technical effects such as graininess and screen-door effect in the display image caused by low PPI.

[0063] Optional, see Figure 5 The display module 100 also includes an isolation layer 108 located on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 near the first electrode layer 105. The orthogonal projection of the isolation layer 108 onto the substrate 101 covers the orthogonal projection of the first electrode layer 105 onto the substrate 101. For example, the material of the isolation layer 108 can be silicon nitride, which can be prepared using chemical vapor deposition. The advantage of providing the isolation layer 108 is that it can protect the first electrode layer 105, preventing it from being affected by other film layer preparation processes, thereby improving the yield of the display module 100.

[0064] Figure 6 The image shown is provided in yet another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line A-A'. (See diagram below.) Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, a cover plate 106 is located on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 near the first electrode layer 105, protecting the first electrode layer 105. The display module 100 also includes a protective layer 109 located on the side of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 away from the first electrode layer 105, and a second high-fold layer 107 located on the side of the protective layer 109 away from the first high-fold layer 104. Exemplarily, the protective layer 109 is a tempered glass film. The protective layer 109 is provided to protect each film layer located between the substrate 101 and the protective layer 109.

[0065] Optionally, there is a gap between the first high-fold layer and the protective layer 109, and optionally, the gap is a vacuum. Specifically, the first high-fold layer 104 is located inside the first groove 1031, with the central region of the surface of the back-ion pixel 102 recessed, while the protective layer 109 covers the opening of the first groove 1031, thus forming a vacuum gap between the first high-fold layer 104 and the protective layer 109.

[0066] Figure 7 The image shown is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 1 See the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along section line B-B'. Figure 7Optionally, at least one sub-pixel 102 may comprise multiple sub-pixels 102. This can be derived from Snell's law (law of refraction):

[0067] n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2(1)

[0068] Wherein, n1 is the refractive index of the first high-refractive layer 104, n2 is the air refractive index, θ1 is the incident angle of the light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 when it is incident on the surface of the first high-refractive layer 104 away from the substrate 101, and θ2 is the exit angle of the light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 after being refracted by the first high-refractive layer 104 and exiting into the air domain.

[0069] Therefore, we can obtain:

[0070] θ1=sin ―1 (n2 / n1*sinθ2)(2)

[0071] Optionally, in the observation plane Vp, the width of sub-pixel 102 in the first direction is greater than 0.07 mm. Optionally, in the observation plane Vp, in the first direction, the width of sub-pixel 102 is less than the distance between adjacent sub-pixels 102. The emission angle θ2 satisfies the expression:

[0072]

[0073] Where w is the width of sub-pixel 102 in the first direction, p0 is the distance between adjacent sub-pixels 102 in the first direction, and h is the vertical distance between the viewing plane Vp and the display module 100.

[0074] but

[0075]

[0076] The depth L of the surface of the back-ion pixel 102 of the first high-fold layer 104 recessed towards the sub-pixel 102 satisfies the expression:

[0077]

[0078] Where, the expression for 'a' is: The expression for b is:

[0079]

[0080] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of a method for fabricating a display module according to an embodiment of this application. The fabrication method provided in this embodiment can be applied to the fabrication of display module 100. See also... Figure 8 The preparation method may include the following steps:

[0081] S110 provides a substrate.

[0082] Specifically, the substrate 101 can be made of rigid or flexible materials, possessing good flatness and mechanical strength, providing a foundation for the fabrication of subsequent components such as sub-pixels 102 and barrier structures 103. For example, the substrate 101 can be an insulating material such as glass, plastic, or polyimide.

[0083] S120, at least one sub-pixel is prepared on one side of the substrate.

[0084] Specifically, at least one sub-pixel 102 is prepared at a predetermined position on one side of the substrate 101. For example, at least one sub-pixel 102 can be formed on the substrate 101 by techniques such as vacuum evaporation or inkjet printing.

[0085] S130, a barrier structure is prepared on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate. In a first direction parallel to the display module, the orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The barrier structure forms a first groove. The sidewall of the first groove has an angle with the first direction parallel to the substrate. In a direction gradually away from the sub-pixel, the cross-section of the first groove gradually decreases on a plane parallel to the substrate. The orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove away from the substrate on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0086] Specifically, a barrier structure 103 is fabricated on the side of the sub-pixel 102 facing away from the substrate 101. On the plane of the substrate 101, the orthographic projection of the barrier structure 103 surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 102. The barrier structure 103 can be fabricated using linear deposition technology. Linear deposition technology is a technique that continuously deposits material on the substrate 101 using physical or chemical methods. By precisely controlling the deposition parameters, a barrier structure 103 with a specific shape and size can be fabricated. For example, silicon nitride or silicon oxide material is deposited on the substrate 101 using physical vapor deposition technology to form the barrier structure 103. The first groove 1031 is the space enclosed by the barrier structure 103. For example, the barrier structure 103 can be formed on the substrate 101 using photolithography and etching techniques, thereby forming the first groove 1031.

[0087] S140, a first high-fold layer is prepared in the first groove, the surface of the first high-fold layer backing pixel is recessed towards the sub-pixel, and the orthogonal projection of the first high-fold layer on the substrate covers the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

[0088] Specifically, the first high-refractive-index layer 104 is a material layer with a high refractive index, used to amplify the light emitted by the sub-pixel 102. Exemplarily, a high-refractive-index colloidal material, such as transparent optical adhesive, can be used to fill the first groove 1031 using printing or inkjet printing technology. The contact angle between the high-refractive-index colloidal material and the barrier structure 103 material is less than 90°. Under surface tension, the high-refractive-index colloidal material forms a concave liquid surface within the first groove 1031. The distance between the central region of the back ion pixel 102 surface and the sub-pixel 102 is less than the distance between its edge region and the sub-pixel 102. Furthermore, the highest point of the liquid surface of the high-refractive-index colloidal material is located within the first groove 1031 to prevent overflow. After photocuring or thermal curing, the surface of the high-refractive-index colloidal material back ion pixel 102 forms a smooth concave shape, and the first high-refractive-index layer 104 covers the bottom wall and part of the sidewall of the first groove 1031. When the light emitted from the sub-pixel 102 passes through the concave surface of the first hyperrefractive layer 104, it is refracted outward, forming a magnification effect of the sub-pixel 102, thereby improving the graininess and screen-door effect of the display.

[0089] The technical solution of this embodiment provides a substrate, on which at least one sub-pixel is fabricated. A barrier structure is fabricated on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate, forming a first groove. A first high-refractive-index layer is fabricated within this groove, with the surface of the first high-refractive-index layer facing the sub-pixel. Light emitted from the sub-pixel is refracted upon passing through the first high-refractive-index layer, increasing the divergence angle and thus increasing the perceived size of the sub-pixel. The orthographic projection of the first high-refractive-index layer onto the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel, ensuring that light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel is also refracted through the first high-refractive-index layer. This configuration enlarges the sub-pixel, increasing the perceived pixel density when viewing the display screen, thereby improving the issues of display graininess and screen-door effect.

[0090] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Optionally, based on the above embodiments, see [link to other embodiments]. Figure 9 The first high-fold layer is prepared within the first groove, comprising:

[0091] S141 uses printing technology to fill the first groove with a high-refractive-index colloidal material.

[0092] Specifically, by printing a high-refractive-index colloidal material into the first groove 1031 using printing technology, the thickness and uniformity of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 can be precisely controlled, ensuring its optical performance.

[0093] S142, the colloidal material is cured to form the first high-fold layer.

[0094] For example, the colloidal material is solidified through a curing process (such as UV curing, heat curing, etc.) to form a smooth and stable first high-fold layer 104 in the first groove 1031.

[0095] This embodiment achieves the preparation of the first high-refractive-index colloidal layer by filling the first groove with a high-refractive-index colloidal material using printing technology and then curing the colloidal material. This method has a low cost and ensures its optical performance. Furthermore, it is beneficial for enlarging sub-pixels, improving the display graininess and screen-door effect, and enhancing the display effect.

[0096] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Based on the above embodiments, alternative methods may be described, see below. Figure 10 The first high-fold layer is prepared within the first groove, comprising:

[0097] S143 uses printing technology to print a high-refractive-index colloidal material in the first groove.

[0098] Specifically, by printing a high-refractive-index colloidal material into the first groove 1031 using printing technology, the thickness and uniformity of the first high-refractive-index layer 104 can be precisely controlled, ensuring its optical performance. For example, an inkjet printer can be used to print a high-refractive-index colloidal material into the first groove 1031.

[0099] S144, the colloidal material is cured to form the first high-fold layer.

[0100] For example, the colloidal material is solidified through a curing process (such as UV curing, heat curing, etc.) to form a smooth and stable first high-fold layer 104 in the first groove 1031.

[0101] This embodiment achieves precise preparation of the first high-refractive-index colloidal layer by using printing technology to fill the first groove with a high-refractive-index colloidal material and then curing the colloidal material. This improves accuracy, ensures optical performance, and further facilitates the magnification of sub-pixels, which helps to improve the display graininess and screen-door effect, thus enhancing the display effect.

[0102] Figure 11 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Based on the above embodiments, alternative methods may be described, see below. Figure 11 After the step of fabricating at least one sub-pixel on one side of the substrate, and before the step of fabricating multiple barrier structures on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate, the method further includes:

[0103] S150, a first electrode layer is prepared on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate.

[0104] For example, a first electrode layer 105 can be formed on the side of the sub-pixel 102 away from the substrate 101 by techniques such as vacuum evaporation or sputtering. The material of the first electrode layer 105 may include metals or alloys such as magnesium, silver, lithium, and aluminum.

[0105] This embodiment improves the electrical performance and stability of the display module by preparing a first electrode layer on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate and transmitting current to the sub-pixel.

[0106] Figure 12 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Based on the above embodiments, alternative methods may be described, see below. Figure 12 After the step of preparing the first high-fold layer in the first groove, the method further includes:

[0107] S160, a cover plate is prepared on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure opposite to the first electrode layer.

[0108] For example, the material of the cover plate 106 may be an inorganic material, which may include any one or more of silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxide (SiO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), etc.

[0109] For example, silicon nitride or silicon oxide material can be deposited on the surfaces of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 opposite to the first electrode layer 105 using physical vapor deposition technology to form the cover plate 106. For example, glass or plastic plates can also be fixed to the surfaces of the first high-fold layer 104 and the barrier structure 103 opposite to the first electrode layer 105 using bonding technology.

[0110] S170, a second high-fold layer is prepared on the side of the cover plate opposite to the first high-fold layer.

[0111] For example, a layer of high-refractive-index optical adhesive is coated on the surface of the cover plate 106 opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer 104. The optical adhesive is cured by a curing process (such as UV curing, thermal curing, etc.) to form a second high-refractive-index layer 107.

[0112] This embodiment effectively protects the internal components of the display module by fabricating a cover plate on the side of the first high-refractive layer and the barrier structure away from the first electrode layer, improving its impact resistance, dustproof, and waterproof performance, and extending its service life. By fabricating a second high-refractive layer on the side of the cover plate away from the first high-refractive layer, the number of light refractions is further increased, thereby enhancing the magnification effect on sub-pixels, further improving the graininess and screen-door effect of the display, and enhancing the user experience.

[0113] Figure 13The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a display module according to another embodiment of this application. Based on the above embodiments, alternative methods may be described, see below. Figure 13 After the step of preparing the first high-fold layer in the first groove, the method further includes:

[0114] S180, a protective layer is prepared on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure that is away from the first electrode layer.

[0115] For example, the substrate of the protective layer 109 may include high-hardness glass or transparent plastic, etc. For example, the protective layer 109 is a tempered film, and a tempered film is attached to the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure opposite to the first electrode layer to form the protective layer 109.

[0116] S190, a second high-fold layer is prepared on the side of the protective layer that is away from the first high-fold layer.

[0117] For example, a layer of high-refractive-index optical adhesive is coated on the surface of the protective layer 109 opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer 104. The optical adhesive is cured by a curing process (such as UV curing, thermal curing, etc.) to form a second high-refractive-index layer 107.

[0118] This embodiment effectively protects the internal components of the display module by preparing a protective layer on the side of the first high-refractive-index layer and the barrier structure opposite to the first electrode layer, improving its impact resistance, dustproof, and waterproof performance, and extending its service life. By preparing a second high-refractive-index layer on the side of the protective layer opposite to the first high-refractive-index layer, the number of light refractions is further increased, thereby enhancing the magnification effect on sub-pixels, further improving the graininess and screen-door effect of the display, and enhancing the user experience.

[0119] This application also provides a display device, which includes a display module 100 as mentioned in any of the above embodiments, or a display module 100 prepared by the preparation method mentioned in any of the above embodiments. The technical principles and effects are similar, and will not be repeated here. The display device provided in this application can be any product or component with display function, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, television, laptop computer, digital photo frame, or navigator.

[0120] The embodiments described above are not exhaustive, nor do they limit the application to the specific embodiments described herein. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the above description. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of this application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to effectively utilize this application and its modifications. This application is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

[0121] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this application can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this application can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0122] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, include: substrate, At least one sub-pixel is located on one side of the substrate; A barrier structure is located on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate. The orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The barrier structure forms a first groove. The sidewall of the first groove has an angle with a first direction parallel to the substrate. In the direction gradually away from the sub-pixel, the cross-section of the first groove gradually decreases in the plane parallel to the substrate. The orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove away from the substrate on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. A first high-fold layer is located on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate. The first high-fold layer is located within the first groove. The first high-fold layer covers the bottom wall and part of the side wall of the first groove. The surface of the first high-fold layer facing away from the sub-pixel is recessed toward the sub-pixel. The orthographic projection of the first high-fold layer on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle is less than 90°; Preferably, the distance between the end of the first high-fold layer away from the substrate and the substrate is less than the distance between the end of the barrier structure away from the substrate and the substrate; Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the first groove in a plane perpendicular to the substrate includes a trapezoid; Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the retaining wall structure includes an inverted trapezoid in a plane perpendicular to the substrate; Preferably, the material of the retaining wall structure includes silicon nitride or silicon oxide; Preferably, the material of the first high-fold layer includes optical adhesive.

3. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one sub-pixel includes a plurality of said sub-pixels, and the depth L of the surface of the first high-fold layer facing away from the sub-pixel toward the sub-pixel satisfies the expression: Where w is the width of the sub-pixel in the first direction, n1 is the refractive index of the first high-refractive layer, and n2 is the air refractive index. Where, the expression for 'a' is: The expression for b is: Where p0 is the distance between adjacent sub-pixels in the first direction, and h is the vertical distance between the viewing plane and the display module; Preferably, in the observation plane, in the first direction, the width of the sub-pixel is smaller than the distance between adjacent sub-pixels; Preferably, in the observation plane, the width of the sub-pixel in the first direction is greater than 0.07 mm.

4. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first electrode layer is located on the side of the sub-pixel close to the first high-fold layer. The first electrode layer includes a first electrode, and a portion of the first electrode is multiplexed as the cathode of the sub-pixel. The cover plate is located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure opposite to the first electrode layer; The second high fold layer is located on the side of the cover plate opposite to the first high fold layer; Preferably, the material of the second high-refractive-index layer includes optical adhesive; Preferably, there is a gap between the first high-fold layer and the cover plate; Preferably, the gap is a vacuum.

5. The display module according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an isolation layer located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the barrier structure near the first electrode layer, wherein the orthogonal projection of the isolation layer on the substrate covers the orthogonal projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate.

6. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first electrode layer is located on the side of the sub-pixel close to the first high-fold layer. The first electrode layer includes a first electrode, and a portion of the first electrode is multiplexed as the cathode of the sub-pixel. The cover plate is located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure near the first electrode layer; A protective layer is located on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure that is away from the first electrode layer; The second high-fold layer is located on the side of the protective layer opposite to the first high-fold layer; Preferably, the material of the second high-refractive-index layer includes optical adhesive; Preferably, there is a gap between the first high-fold layer and the protective layer; Preferably, the gap is a vacuum.

7. A method for manufacturing a display module, characterized in that, include: Provide substrate; At least one sub-pixel is formed on one side of the substrate; A barrier structure is prepared on the side of the sub-pixel away from the substrate. In a first direction parallel to the display module, the orthographic projection of the barrier structure on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. The barrier structure forms a first groove. The sidewall of the first groove has an angle with the first direction parallel to the substrate. In a direction gradually away from the sub-pixel, the cross-section of the first groove gradually decreases in a plane parallel to the substrate. The orthographic projection of the cross-section of the end of the first groove away from the substrate on the substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. A first high-refractive-index layer is formed within the first groove. The surface of the first high-refractive-index layer facing away from the sub-pixel is recessed toward the sub-pixel. The orthogonal projection of the first high-refractive-index layer on the substrate covers the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of preparing a first high-fold layer within the first groove includes: A high-refractive-index colloidal material is filled into the first groove using printing technology; The colloidal material is cured to form the first high-fold layer; or, The colloidal material with a high refractive index is printed in the first groove using printing technology; The colloidal material is cured to form the first high-fold layer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the step of fabricating at least one sub-pixel on one side of the substrate, and before the step of fabricating multiple barrier structures on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate, the method further includes: A first electrode layer is prepared on the side of the sub-pixel that is away from the substrate; Preferably, after the step of preparing the first high-fold layer in the first groove, the method further includes: A cover plate is prepared on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure opposite to the first electrode layer; A second high-fold layer is prepared on the side of the cover plate opposite to the first high-fold layer; Alternatively, a protective layer may be prepared on the side of the first high-fold layer and the retaining wall structure that is away from the first electrode layer; A second high-fold layer is prepared on the side of the protective layer opposite to the first high-fold layer.

10. A display device, characterized in that, It includes the display module according to any one of claims 1-6, or the display module prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7-9.

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