A model of a magnetic confinement controlled fusion device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of magnetic confinement controlled fusion technology. Specifically, it is a new model of magnetic confinement controlled fusion device, defined as Lantern Mark. It is composed of ellipsoidal vacuum chamber and neutral beam structure, and the ball is hollow, which is different from the traditional spherical mark. There is no ohmic coil in the center column, which is a true spherical fusion device. The main magnetic field generated by the coil current in the device model is a mirror structure and a hollow distribution, which has strong confinement on the plasma. The plasma density and temperature are maintained and improved by neutral beam or ion beam injection. At the same time, the plasma generated by the device model is approximately current-free, instability-free and rupture-free, which is a classic collision type. The device model can operate stably for a long time, which is different from the plasma operation mode of traditional magnetic confinement devices, and provides the possibility for miniaturization, economization and long-time stable operation of fusion devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnetic confinement fusion technology. Specifically, it is a model of a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion uses a magnetic field to confine plasma, bringing it to the conditions for fusion and thus obtaining fusion energy. Magnetic confinement fusion is a major scientific project that closely integrates various disciplines. Its main characteristics are large scale, long development period, and high cost. Its ultimate goal is to achieve the peaceful application of fusion energy.

[0003] Devices that confine plasma using a magnetic field are called magnetic confinement devices, such as tokamak, spherical ring (spherical mak), and stellarator.

[0004] Among them, tokamak has become the mainstream direction of fusion research. However, there are still many major technical difficulties in the tokamak technology route of magnetic confinement controlled fusion. Various factors make the development of the device difficult, time-consuming, expensive and large in size, forcing people to constantly explore new fusion devices and new fusion methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a magnetically confined controlled fusion device model to address the aforementioned problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a magnetically confined controlled fusion device model, consisting of an ellipsoidal vacuum chamber and two sets of neutral beam discharge chambers symmetrically arranged at the S pole and N pole, and an accelerator.

[0007] Furthermore, any ratio of the major and minor radii of the ellipsoidal vacuum chamber belongs to this model.

[0008] Furthermore, the main magnetic field of the device model is one of the following: a magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the latitude lines, a magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the longitude lines, or a magnetic field generated by applying current jointly in any proportion of the two.

[0009] Furthermore, directly injecting a neutral beam or ion beam from the S and N poles is a method to simultaneously increase plasma density and temperature.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following;

[0011] 1. It is composed of an ellipsoidal vacuum chamber and a neutral beam structure. The inside of the sphere is hollow, unlike traditional spherical fusion devices. It does not have a central column composed of ohmic coils, making it a true spherical fusion device.

[0012] 2. The main magnetic field generated by the coil current in the device model consists of a magnetic mirror structure and a hollow distribution, which provides strong confinement for the plasma. The plasma density and temperature are maintained and increased by the injection of neutral beams or ion beams. At the same time, the plasma generated by the device model is approximately free of current, instability, and fracture, which is a classic collisional type. The device model can operate stably for a long time, which is different from the plasma operation mode of traditional magnetic confinement devices. This provides the possibility for fusion devices to be miniaturized, economical, and operate in a long-term steady state. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a red lantern structure;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Lantingmark Type I device;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional magnetic field diagram from 0° to 180° along the meridian;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional magnetic field diagram of the coil location near the equatorial plane;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the Lanting Mark II device.

[0018] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional magnetic field diagram along the meridian;

[0019] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional magnetic field diagram along the equator.

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 1 is a coil, 2 is an accelerator, and 3 is a discharge chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0025] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] In this embodiment, the magnetic confinement controlled fusion device model consists of an ellipsoidal vacuum chamber, two sets of neutral beam discharge chambers 3 symmetrically arranged at the S pole and N pole, and an accelerator 2.

[0028] Furthermore, any ratio of the major and minor radii of the ellipsoidal vacuum chamber belongs to this model.

[0029] Furthermore, the main magnetic field of the device model is one of the following: the magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the parallels of latitude, the magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the meridians of longitude, or the magnetic field generated by applying current jointly in any proportion of the two.

[0030] Finally, directly injecting a neutral beam or ion beam from the S and N poles is a method to simultaneously increase plasma density and temperature.

[0031] The purpose of this design is to utilize an ellipsoidal vacuum chamber and a neutral beam structure. Unlike traditional spherical fusion devices, the sphere is hollow and lacks a central pillar composed of ohmic coils, making it a true spherical fusion device. In the device model, the main magnetic field generated by the coil current is distributed through a magnetic mirror structure and a hollow structure, providing strong confinement for the plasma. The plasma density and temperature are maintained and increased by injecting a neutral beam or ion beam. Simultaneously, the plasma generated by the device model is approximately free of current, instability, and fracture, exhibiting a classic collisional nature. The device model can operate stably for extended periods, a plasma operation mode different from traditional magnetic confinement devices, thus enabling miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, and long-term steady-state operation of fusion devices.

[0032] In a specific implementation scenario, in the model of a magnetically confined controlled fusion device, the neutral beam discharge chamber 3 and the accelerator 2 can inject high-energy neutral beams or high-energy ion beams into the chamber, while a coil is set outside the vacuum chamber to generate a magnetic field and magnetically confine the plasma inside the vacuum chamber.

[0033] The coils are arranged in a warp and / or weft pattern. The warp pattern is the shortest line connecting the S and N poles along the outer periphery of the spherical hollow chamber. The weft pattern is a loop perpendicular to the shortest line connecting the S and N poles along the outer periphery of the spherical hollow chamber.

[0034] Meanwhile, the confinement magnetic field of the high-energy neutral beam or high-energy ion beam in the hollow chamber is one of the following: a magnetic field is generated by applying current to a coil arranged along the meridians alone; a magnetic field is generated by applying current to a coil arranged along the parallels alone; or a magnetic field is generated by applying current to a coil arranged along the parallels in any proportion.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, this is a traditional red lantern structure, with the N pole and S pole at the top and bottom, respectively, representing the North Pole and the South Pole. Horizontal lines at different angles are called parallels of latitude, and vertical lines passing through the North and South Poles at different angles are called lines of longitude. Based on this, this embodiment uses the transliteration of the English word "lantern," namely Lanting, to define the magnetic confinement controlled fusion device.

[0036] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, a device is used to arrange coil 1 along the parallels of latitude and apply a main magnetic field current to the coils. Figure 1 Rotating the paper plane by 90°, a discharge chamber and an accelerator equipped with a neutral beam are designed at the N and S poles respectively. In this embodiment, this is defined as a Lantingmark Type I device. Figure 5 As shown, a device is used to arrange coil 1 along the meridian and apply a main magnetic field current to the coil. Figure 1 Rotating the paper plane by 90°, a discharge chamber and an accelerator equipped with a neutral beam are designed at the N and S poles respectively. In this embodiment, this is defined as the Lantingmark II type device.

[0037] For the Lantingmark Type I device, the major radius a of its ellipsoidal vacuum chamber is 100 cm, the minor radius b is 80 cm, the current of each parallel coil is I = 200 kA, and the spacing between each pair of coils is... The device is designed with N=10 sets of discrete coils.

[0038] Establish a cylindrical coordinate system ( ), because the system has a winding Due to the rotational symmetry of the axis, the angular component of the magnetic field is always zero. Therefore, the magnetic field at any point in space only needs to be determined by the radial component. and axial component Description. Based on the coil parameters, the radius of each coil can first be obtained. coil height .

[0039] Consider any point in space Find the magnetic field produced by the i-th coil at that point. According to the Biot-Savart law, a infinitesimal element on the coil... The magnetic field generated at point P is:

[0040]

[0041] in It is the distance vector from the source point to the field point. It is the vacuum permeability. For a radius of... Height is The current loop is integrated directly along the circumference. To avoid truncation errors caused by infinite series expansion, the integral is rigorously transformed into a first-kind elliptic integral. Second complete elliptic integral ,in .

[0042] Therefore, a single coil in The magnetic field component generated at that location can be strictly expressed as:

[0043]

[0044] Based on the linearity of Maxwell's equations, the total magnetic field at any point in space... It equals the vector sum of the magnetic fields produced at that point when all the coils on the ellipsoid exist individually. Therefore, we can obtain the expression for the total magnetic field components:

[0045]

[0046] The elliptic integral modulus Source point field point maximum distance parameter Minimum squared distance between source and field points .

[0047] The magnetic field distribution obtained according to formula (3) is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. Figure 3 For meridian 0 0 Up to 180 0 The cross-sectional view shows the magnetic field direction from the S pole (bottom) to the N pole (top), creating a typical "strong at the poles, weak at the equator" magnetic mirror field inside the device. The magnetic mirror field is more... It can confine most of the plasma in a magnetic mirror, and the escaped particles can be confined within the device by accelerators located at both ends.

[0048] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the coil location near the equatorial plane. The magnetic field distribution exhibits an axisymmetric concentric circular structure and is relatively uniform, providing a stable confinement environment for the core plasma. Near the coil boundary, the magnetic field strength increases sharply, forming a radial magnetic mirror structure that further confines the plasma.

[0049] The Lightning Mark I device is a hollow spherical or ellipsoidal device in which plasma is well confined within the magnetic field configuration generated by multiple magnetic mirrors. Neutral beams or discharge chambers and accelerators are equipped at its N and S poles. These serve several purposes: firstly, to block some charged particles escaping from the poles; secondly, to inject high-energy neutral beams (ion beams) to continuously heat the plasma and increase its temperature; and thirdly, to act as a feeder, increasing the plasma density. Furthermore, the periphery of the sphere is more conducive to other heating and diagnostic processes, allowing for the configuration of high-power heating systems and various diagnostic systems in all directions. It is also compatible with most concepts found in traditional tokamaks, such as magnetic field configuration analysis, density limits, and safety factors. This gives the Lightning Mark I device excellent flexibility, making the miniaturization of fusion devices a possibility.

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, in the structure of the Lantingmark II device, the major radius a of the ellipsoid is 100cm, the minor radius b is 80cm, the current of each meridian coil is I=200KA, and the interval between each pair of coils is... The device is designed with a total of N=12 discrete coils.

[0051] To facilitate numerical calculations, a Cartesian coordinate system is established, with the origin O set as the geometric center of the ellipsoid, the Z-axis coinciding with the rotation axis of the ellipsoid (the direction with half-height b), and the XY plane being the equatorial plane of the ellipsoid (the plane containing the circle with radius a).

[0052] Let the total number of coils be For the k-th wire ( Its azimuth angle is: To describe the conductor path, a polar angle parameter is introduced. From the Arctic ( ) to Antarctica The position vector of any point on the k-th conductor It can be represented as: .

[0053] Since the current direction is uniformly towards the -z direction, as the polar angle parameter t increases from 0 to... The direction of the tangent to the parametric curve is the direction of current flow. The line element vector can be obtained by differentiating the position vector. Let the coordinates of any observation point in space from which the magnetic field needs to be determined be... Its position vector is The distance vector from the current element to the observation point is... .

[0054] According to the Biot-Savart law, the first... The magnetic field generated at the observation point by the infinitesimal element on the conductor is:

[0055]

[0056] Substitution and Summing over all conductors and integrating over the polar angle t, we can obtain the result for any point in space. magnetic field strength

[0057]

[0058] The above formulas allow for a rigorous technical analysis of the magnetic field configuration.

[0059] Now let a = 100cm, b = 80cm, I = 200kA, N = 12. The magnetic field distribution obtained according to formula (5) is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view along the meridian. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view along the equator. As can be seen from the figure, the magnetic field in the core of the device is close to zero in both the axial and radial directions, forming a significant magnetic mirror structure with the edge magnetic field.

[0060] As can be seen from the magnetic field distribution at the equator, due to the presence of a wavy field, the innermost closed magnetic field line is approximately at... That is, the ripple field weakens the constraint.

[0061] However, considering that in practical applications it is not a line current, but a wire of a certain width, or even a line array that can be widened, the outermost closed magnetic field lines are actually... The place, even far greater than Here, in the innermost region enclosed by magnetic field lines, the magnetic field is zero or very weak, and the corresponding plasma... The magnitude tends towards infinity, meaning that even zero or weak magnetic fields can confine large plasma pressures, indicating very high confinement efficiency. This region is a good confinement region.

[0062] The Lightning Mark II device features a hollow sphere without a central column composed of ohmic coils. Simultaneously, the magnetic field at the core is very weak, even zero, while it becomes stronger towards the edge (device wall), forming a strong magnetic mirror magnetic field that confines the plasma from the core to the edge. Furthermore, the zero-flux holes along the north and south pole axes are highly advantageous for the injection and reverse blocking of high-energy neutral beams (ion beams).

[0063] In most of the core region, the magnetic field is very weak or zero, resulting in no current or instability within the core plasma, which undergoes classical collisions. Secondly, the core is where the fusion reaction occurs, with high plasma pressure and a zero or very weak magnetic field, causing plasma β to approach infinity. The fact that even a zero or weak magnetic field can confine a large plasma pressure indicates extremely high confinement efficiency. In the edge regions, classical plasma transport occurs, leading to lower temperature and density, and weaker pressure. Conversely, the strongest magnetic field is found there, effectively confining the plasma stably.

[0064] High-energy neutral beams can be injected from the north and south ends of the device to heat and feed the plasma through bombardment, and this heating and feeding method does not change the properties of classical plasma collisions.

[0065] Because there is no current, no instability, and no plasma breakup within the plasma of the device, and the plasma undergoes classical collisions, the device can operate stably for a long time.

[0066] Traditional magnetic confinement devices exhibit plasma instability and fragmentation; the plasma undergoes non-classical collisions and is subject to density and temperature limits, such as Green's non-density limit. In contrast, the Lightning Mark II device utilizes classical collisions, ensuring that energy and particle transport are inherently classical. This results in a significantly higher density and temperature limit for the Lightning Mark II plasma compared to traditional magnetic confinement devices. This expands the range of temperature and density parameters for fusion reaction research, allowing for the selection of cleaner fusion reaction mechanisms (e.g., reactions without neutron production). Furthermore, it supports the exploration of more unknown fusion reactions (reaction chains), and finally, the use of accelerating voltages enables the perfect rapid electrical control of fusion reactions.

[0067] The Lightning Mark I device combines multiple magnetic mirrors with neutral beam technology, while the Lightning Mark II device combines hollow magnetic configuration with neutral beam technology. Both are spherical marks and possess many unique properties, potentially representing a new approach to magnetic confinement fusion research.

[0068] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A model of a magnetically confined controlled fusion device, characterized in that, It consists of an ellipsoidal vacuum chamber and two sets of neutral beam discharge chambers (3) symmetrically arranged at the S pole and N pole, and an accelerator (2).

2. According to claim 1, the characteristic is that, Any ratio of the major and minor radii of the ellipsoidal vacuum chamber is considered part of this model.

3. According to claim 1, the characteristic is that, The main magnetic field of the device model is one of the following: a magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the parallels of latitude, a magnetic field generated by applying current independently to the meridians of longitude, or a magnetic field generated by applying current jointly in any proportion of the two.

4. According to claim 1, the characteristic is that, Directly injecting a neutral beam or ion beam from the S and N poles is a method to simultaneously increase plasma density and temperature.

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