Method and device for monitoring boron concentration of nuclear reactor, electronic equipment and product

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of nuclear reactor control technology, and provides a boron concentration monitoring method and device for a nuclear reactor, an electronic device and a product. The method comprises: obtaining the volume of desalted water and the volume of borated water injected into a primary loop of the nuclear reactor during a manual makeup mode; determining a reference volume of the borated water according to the volume of the desalted water, the boron concentration of the borated water and a historical boron concentration; and outputting first warning information when the absolute difference between the volume of the borated water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, the first warning information being used to indicate that there is a deviation between the volume of the borated water and the reference volume of the borated water. Thus, the risk can be identified in advance during the injection of the desalted water and the borated water, and a time window for the staff to intervene in advance is obtained, so that the deviation in the proportion of the borated water and the desalted water is effectively avoided from continuously accumulating to cause an unexpected reactivity change, and the safe and stable operation of the reactor during the manual makeup mode is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of nuclear reactor control technology, and in particular relates to a method, device, electronic equipment and product for monitoring boron concentration in a nuclear reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Adjusting the boron concentration in the coolant is one of the important ways to control the reactivity of a nuclear reactor. Manual replenishment is a crucial and time-consuming operation in the daily reactivity control of nuclear power plants, such as during primary loop water replacement and coolant volume compensation. The principle is to simultaneously inject boron water and demineralized water into the primary loop without changing the boron concentration in the coolant, theoretically introducing no additional reactivity. However, due to factors such as flow meter measurement deviations, the actual flow rates of boron water and demineralized water can easily deviate from the theoretical ratio. This deviation, if accumulated slowly over a long period, will lead to unexpected changes in the boron concentration in the primary loop, introducing reactivity changes, causing the primary loop to become overcooled or overheated, and in severe cases, potentially triggering control rod activation.

[0003] In related technologies, although the ratio of boron water to demineralized water can be adjusted by real-time monitoring of boron concentration changes in the coolant to suppress further expansion of the ratio deviation, this adjustment is carried out after the boron concentration changes, resulting in a certain lag. If the adjustment is not timely or the adjustment range is insufficient, the ratio deviation may continue to accumulate to a certain extent, thereby triggering unexpected reactive changes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and product for monitoring boron concentration in nuclear reactors, which can solve the problem of error accumulation in existing boron concentration monitoring methods for nuclear reactors.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for monitoring boron concentration in a nuclear reactor, including: Obtain the volume of demineralized water and boronized water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode; Based on the volume of demineralized water already injected, the boron concentration of the boron water already injected, and the historical boron concentration, a reference volume of boron water is determined. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of demineralized water already injected. If the absolute difference between the injected boron water volume and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, a first warning message is output. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the injected boron water volume and the reference volume of the boron water.

[0006] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: The volume threshold is determined based on a preset temperature change. The volume threshold is the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the temperature change of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the preset temperature change. The preset temperature change is positively correlated with the volume threshold.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, after determining the reference volume corresponding to the boron water based on the volume of the injected demineralized water, the boron concentration of the injected boron water, and the historical boron concentration, the method further includes: If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is less than the volume threshold, and the absolute difference between the real-time boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration is greater than the boron concentration threshold, a second warning message is output. The second warning message indicates that at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter is faulty. The boron meter is used to detect the real-time boron concentration of the coolant. The first flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of the demineralized water injected into the primary loop. The second flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of the boron water injected into the primary loop. The boron concentration threshold is greater than the boron concentration change, which is the absolute difference between the boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration after the boron water of the volume threshold is injected into the coolant.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the output of the second warning information includes: If the rate of change of boron concentration is greater than or equal to the rate of change threshold, the second warning information is determined to indicate that the boron meter is faulty, wherein the rate of change of boron concentration is the rate of change between the real-time boron concentrations collected at two adjacent sampling times; If the rate of change of boron concentration is less than the rate of change threshold, the second warning information is determined to indicate that at least one of the first flow meter and the second flow meter is faulty.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, before outputting the first warning information, the method further includes: If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume, the first warning information is determined to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume and to provide a first operation suggestion. The first operation suggestion includes increasing the injection flow rate of the boron water and / or decreasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water. If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume, the first warning information is determined to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume and a second operation suggestion is provided. The second operation suggestion includes reducing the injection flow rate of the boron water and / or increasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: During the manual replenishment mode, the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is displayed on the display interface.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the output of the first warning information includes at least one of the following: The first warning information is output via voice broadcast; The first warning information is output by displaying boron water-related information in a preset color on the display interface. The boron water-related information includes the volume of injected demineralized water, the reference volume, and the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a boron concentration monitoring device for a nuclear reactor, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the volume of demineralized water and boron water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode. The determination module is used to determine the reference volume of the boron water based on the volume of the injected demineralized water, the boron concentration of the injected boron water, and the historical boron concentration. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of the boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of injected demineralized water. The output module is configured to output a first warning message when the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume of the boron water.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device performs the steps of the method as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0014] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a computer, implements the method steps as described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0015] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when run, implements the method steps as described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment compared to the prior art are as follows: Based on the volume of demineralized water already injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode, the boron concentration of the boronic acid solution, and the historical boron concentration, a reference volume of the boronic acid solution is determined. Thus, based on the volume of demineralized water already injected into the primary loop, without changing the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop, a reference volume of boronic acid solution to be injected into the primary loop is determined. Then, if the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boronic acid solution and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, a first warning message is output. This first warning message indicates that there is a deviation between the volume of the injected boronic acid solution and the reference volume of the boronic acid solution. Therefore, during the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid into the primary circuit, the relationship between the volume of injected boronic acid and the reference volume is monitored in real time. An early warning is issued when the absolute difference between the volume of boronic acid and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold. This eliminates the need to wait for the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid into the primary circuit and for the boron concentration in the primary circuit to change before issuing an early warning. This allows for early identification of risks during the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid, providing a window of opportunity for early intervention and effectively preventing the continuous accumulation of deviations in the ratio of injected boronic acid and demineralized water, which could lead to unexpected reactivity changes. This ensures the safe and stable operation of the reactor during manual replenishment mode. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a boron concentration monitoring method for a nuclear reactor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is another schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring boron concentration in a nuclear reactor provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is another schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring boron concentration in a nuclear reactor provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a boron concentration monitoring device for a nuclear reactor provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0020] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0021] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0022] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0024] The boron concentration monitoring method for nuclear reactors provided in this application can be applied to a nuclear power plant monitoring platform based on a distributed control system and is executed by electronic equipment in the nuclear power plant monitoring platform. This application does not impose any restrictions on the specific type of electronic equipment.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the electronic device 10 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor 100 ( Figure 1 (Only one is shown in the diagram), memory 101, and computer program 102 stored in memory 101 and executable on at least one processor 100, wherein processor 100 executes computer program 102 to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0026] The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor 100 and a memory 101. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 1 This is merely an example of electronic device 10 and does not constitute a limitation on electronic device 10. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components, such as input / output devices, network access devices, etc.

[0027] The processor 100 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0028] In some embodiments, memory 101 may be an internal storage unit of electronic device 10, such as a hard disk or memory of electronic device 10. In other embodiments, memory 101 may be an external storage device of electronic device 10, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), flash card, etc., equipped on electronic device 100. Furthermore, memory 101 may include both internal and external storage units of electronic device 10. Memory 101 is used to store operating system, application programs, bootloader, data, and other programs, such as program code of computer programs. Memory 101 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0029] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2The flowchart illustrating a boron concentration monitoring method for a nuclear reactor provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. This is an example and not a limitation. The method includes the following steps: S201, Obtain the volume of demineralized water and boron water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode.

[0030] The manual replenishment mode refers to an operating mode of the reactor boron and water makeup system (REA system) in a nuclear power plant. In this mode, the replenishment operation is started and stopped manually by the staff to inject a mixture of boron water and demineralized water into the primary loop to compensate for the consumption of coolant in the primary loop.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the current state of manual refueling can be determined by detecting that the indicator light corresponding to the manual refueling mode in the distributed control system (DCS) of the nuclear reactor is lit.

[0032] The primary loop of a nuclear reactor refers to the closed loop that flows through the reactor core, steam generator, main pump, and pressurizer in a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.

[0033] Demineralized water refers to high-purity water that has been purified to remove mineral ions and dissolved oxygen, and is stored in the demineralized water storage tank of the REA system.

[0034] The volume of injected demineralized water refers to the cumulative total amount of demineralized water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment, from the start of manual replenishment to the current moment. In one possible implementation, the instantaneous flow rate of the demineralized water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor is measured in real time using a first flow meter, and the cumulative volume of injected demineralized water from the start of manual replenishment to the current moment is obtained by integrating the instantaneous flow rate over time. In another possible implementation, the pre-calculated volume of demineralized water injected into the primary loop during manual replenishment can be directly read from the DCS system.

[0035] Boric acid solution refers to a solution containing a certain concentration of boric acid, which is stored in the boric acid storage tank of the REA system.

[0036] The volume of injected boronic acid refers to the cumulative total amount of boronic acid injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment, from the start of manual replenishment to the current moment. In one possible implementation, the instantaneous flow rate of the boronic acid injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor is measured in real time using a second flow meter, and the instantaneous flow rate value is integrated over time to obtain the cumulative volume of boronic acid injected into the primary loop from the start of manual replenishment to the current moment. In another possible implementation, the pre-calculated cumulative volume of boronic acid injected into the primary loop during manual replenishment can be directly read from the DCS system.

[0037] S202. Based on the volume of demineralized water already injected, the boron concentration of the boron water already injected, and the historical boron concentration, determine the reference volume of boron water. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of demineralized water already injected.

[0038] The boron concentration in the injected boron solution can be considered as the mass concentration of boric acid in the boron solution stored in the storage tank. The unit can be parts per million (ppm).

[0039] The historical boron concentration refers to the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop before the manual replenishment mode is initiated. In one possible implementation, when the manual replenishment mode begins, the current displayed value of the boron meter in the primary loop is automatically read and determined as the historical boron concentration.

[0040] The reference volume of the boron water is a theoretical calculation value. Its physical meaning is the theoretical volume of boron water that should be injected into the primary loop to maintain the boron concentration of the coolant, given the volume of demineralized water already injected. The formula for calculating the reference volume of the boron water is: Reference volume = (Volume of demineralized water × Historical boron concentration) / (Boron concentration of injected boron water - Historical boron concentration).

[0041] S203, if the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, output a first warning message. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume of boron water.

[0042] It should be noted that when the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron solution and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, it indicates an imbalance in the ratio of injected demineralized water and injected boron solution during manual replenishment. If injection continues at the current ratio, the concentration of the mixture will continuously deviate from the historical boron concentration of the primary coolant, leading to unexpected changes in the boron concentration of the primary coolant. This may introduce slow reactivity changes, causing overcooling or overheating in the primary coolant, and in severe cases, triggering control rod activation or even reactor protection system activation. Therefore, an early warning is necessary to remind personnel to pay close attention to the deviation in the ratio of demineralized water and boron solution and take corresponding adjustment measures to avoid unexpected reactivity changes affecting the safe and stable operation of the nuclear reactor.

[0043] The absolute difference is the absolute value of the difference between the volume of the injected boron water in the primary loop and the reference volume.

[0044] The volume threshold is used to measure whether the deviation of the actual injected volume of boron solution from the reference volume has reached a level requiring an early warning. The volume threshold can be a fixed value preset by the staff based on their engineering experience.

[0045] In one possible implementation, a volume threshold can be determined based on a preset temperature change. This volume threshold is the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary loop to achieve the preset temperature change in the coolant. The preset temperature change and the volume threshold are positively correlated. Therefore, determining the volume threshold based on the preset temperature change avoids the subjectivity of arbitrarily setting thresholds based solely on engineering experience, providing a unified physical benchmark for the determination of the volume threshold. This prevents premature or delayed warnings due to unreasonable threshold settings.

[0046] The preset temperature change refers to the pre-set temperature change of the primary coolant, which serves as the basis for determining the volume threshold. It should be noted that the preset temperature change must be less than the temperature change threshold that triggers the control rods. For example, if the temperature change threshold is 0.5 degrees Celsius (°C), the preset temperature change can range from [0.1°C to 0.2°C]. This ensures that when the absolute difference between the injected boron water volume and the reference volume is less than or just greater than the volume threshold, the reactor remains fully controllable and the control rods will not activate due to excessive temperature changes.

[0047] In practice, the value of the preset temperature change can be determined comprehensively based on the reactor's specific design parameters, operating conditions, and the personnel's requirements for early warning sensitivity. For example, for operating phases that are more sensitive to changes in reactivity (such as the end of the lifespan), a smaller preset temperature change (such as 0.1℃) can be selected to obtain a more sensitive early warning; for operating phases with relatively stable parameters (such as the beginning of the lifespan), a larger preset temperature change (such as 0.2℃) can be selected to reduce unnecessary early warning interference while ensuring safety.

[0048] In practical implementation, the volume threshold can be determined based on the preset temperature change, the coolant temperature coefficient corresponding to the primary loop, the boron differential value of the coolant, the total volume of the coolant in the primary loop, and the boron concentration of the injected boron water. The specific calculation formula can be: ; in, For volume threshold, For preset temperature change, The boron concentration of the injected boron solution, This represents the total volume of coolant in the primary circuit.

[0049] in, This represents the differential boron value of the coolant. The differential boron value is the change in reactivity introduced by a unit change in boron concentration in the reactor core coolant. The differential boron value is affected by factors such as core boron concentration, burnup, and temperature, and varies with the reactor lifetime.

[0050] in, The coolant temperature coefficient is the change in reactivity introduced by a 1°C change in the reactor coolant temperature.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the first warning message can be output via voice broadcast. This allows for timely reminders to staff that the absolute difference between the injected boron solution volume and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, improving the timeliness and effectiveness of the warning.

[0052] Voice broadcasting refers to playing warning information in the form of voice through audio equipment. For example, the voice broadcast content could be, "There is a deviation between the volume of boron water injected and the reference volume of boron water; please adjust it promptly." Alternatively, the voice broadcast content could also include "the absolute difference between the volume of boron water injected and the reference volume." This application does not limit the specific broadcast content.

[0053] In another possible implementation, the first warning information can be output by displaying boron water-related information in a preset color on the display interface. The boron water-related information includes the volume of demineralized water injected, the reference volume, and the difference between the volume of boron water injected and the reference volume.

[0054] The display interface can be the display screen of the DCS system or the large screen in the main control room.

[0055] The preset color is a specific color used to identify abnormal states. The preset color can be red, yellow, etc. This application does not limit this.

[0056] The volume of demineralized water injected, the reference volume, and the difference between the volume of boron water injected and the reference volume can be displayed on the screen as corresponding values ​​or trend graphs, making it convenient for staff to observe the trend of data changes.

[0057] Therefore, when the absolute difference is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, the information related to boron water is switched from the default color (e.g., white or gray) under normal conditions to a preset color (e.g., yellow or red), thus creating a strong visual contrast. This allows staff to locate abnormal data from a large amount of monitoring information in a short time and respond promptly.

[0058] In this embodiment, a reference volume of boron water is determined based on the volume of demineralized water already injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode, the boron concentration of the injected boron water, and historical boron concentration. Thus, using the volume of demineralized water already injected into the primary loop as a basis, the reference volume of boron water to be injected into the primary loop is determined without changing the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop. Then, if the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, a first warning message is output. The first warning message indicates that there is a deviation between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume of boron water. Therefore, during the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid into the primary circuit, the relationship between the volume of injected boronic acid and the reference volume is monitored in real time. An early warning is issued when the absolute difference between the volume of boronic acid and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold. This eliminates the need to wait for the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid into the primary circuit and for the boron concentration in the primary circuit to change before issuing an early warning. This allows for the early identification of risks during the injection of demineralized water and boronic acid, providing staff with a window of opportunity for early intervention. It effectively prevents the continuous accumulation of deviations in the ratio of injected boronic acid and demineralized water, which could lead to unexpected reactivity changes, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the reactor during manual replenishment.

[0059] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a boron concentration monitoring process in a nuclear reactor, provided as an embodiment of this application. The method further includes: S301, if the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is less than the volume threshold, and the absolute difference between the real-time boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration is greater than the boron concentration threshold, output a second warning message. The second warning message is used to indicate that at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter is faulty. The boron meter is used to detect the real-time boron concentration of the coolant, the first flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of demineralized water injected into the primary loop, the second flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of boron water injected into the primary loop, and the boron concentration threshold is greater than the boron concentration change. The boron concentration change is the absolute difference between the boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration after injecting boron water of the volume threshold into the coolant.

[0060] The real-time boron concentration of the coolant refers to the real-time value of the boron concentration in the primary coolant measured by a boron meter at the current moment.

[0061] The boron concentration threshold is used to measure whether the deviation of the real-time boron concentration of the primary coolant from the historical boron concentration has reached a level requiring attention. When the absolute difference between the real-time and historical boron concentrations is greater than the boron concentration threshold, it indicates that the boron concentration in the primary coolant has changed significantly and an early warning is required; when the absolute difference is less than or equal to the boron concentration threshold, it indicates that the boron concentration in the primary coolant is still within the normal fluctuation range and no early warning is required.

[0062] It should be noted that, since the boron concentration threshold is greater than the amount of boron concentration change, when the absolute difference between the real-time and historical boron concentrations of the coolant is greater than the boron concentration threshold, theoretically, the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume should be greater than or equal to the volume threshold. If the absolute difference between the real-time and historical boron concentrations of the coolant is greater than the boron concentration threshold, but the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is less than the volume threshold, it indicates that the boron concentration monitoring dimension and the volume monitoring dimension have given contradictory judgments. Since the change in the boron concentration of the primary coolant is caused by the deviation of the injection ratio of boron water and demineralized water from the theoretical value, this contradiction indicates that at least one of the monitoring links of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter is abnormal. At this time, a second warning message needs to be issued to remind the staff to check and verify the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter to avoid misjudgment due to erroneous data from a single monitoring dimension.

[0063] In one possible implementation, a second warning message can be output via voice broadcast. This allows staff to be promptly alerted that at least one of the flow meters (both the first and second flow meters) is malfunctioning.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the self-diagnostic signals corresponding to the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter are acquired. These self-diagnostic signals are status indication signals generated by the continuous operation of each instrument, reflecting whether the instrument itself is faulty. Based on their respective self-diagnostic signals, it is determined which specific instrument is faulty, thus determining which instrument the second warning message indicates is faulty. If the self-diagnostic signals of all instruments indicate normal operation, the specific faulty instrument cannot be directly identified. Therefore, the second warning message indicates that at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter may be faulty, requiring manual verification by personnel.

[0065] In one possible implementation, if the rate of change of boron concentration is greater than or equal to a rate of change threshold, a second warning message is determined to indicate a fault in the boron meter, where the rate of change of boron concentration is the rate of change between the real-time boron concentrations collected at two adjacent sampling times. If the rate of change of boron concentration is less than the rate of change threshold, the second warning message is determined to indicate a fault in at least one of the first and second flow meters.

[0066] The rate of change threshold is used to distinguish whether the change in boron concentration is a normal, gradual physical process or an abnormal abrupt change caused by instrument malfunction. When the rate of change in boron concentration is greater than or equal to the rate of change threshold, it indicates that the rate of change in boron concentration exceeds the range achievable by a normal physical process. This may be an abnormal abrupt change caused by boron meter signal jumps, noise interference, or instrument malfunction, thus indicating a fault in the boron meter. When the rate of change in boron concentration is less than the rate of change threshold, it indicates that the change in boron concentration is slow and gradual, consistent with the characteristics of a real physical process. Therefore, abrupt changes in boron meter malfunction can be ruled out, and the cause of the malfunction is more likely to be a measurement deviation from the first flow meter and / or the second flow meter.

[0067] Therefore, by comparing the rate of change of boron concentration with the rate of change threshold, the source of the fault can be preliminarily determined. This method utilizes the essential difference in signal change characteristics between real physical changes and instrument faults, achieving preliminary fault location without the need for additional hardware investment.

[0068] It should be noted that the fault diagnosis results are preliminary and are used to provide staff with a priority reference for troubleshooting, rather than a final diagnosis. In actual engineering applications, after receiving the second warning information, staff can first check the faulty instrument indicated by the second warning information, and then make a comprehensive judgment based on the self-diagnostic signals of each instrument, historical operating trends, and other process parameters to ultimately confirm the specific faulty instrument.

[0069] In this embodiment, when the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is less than a volume threshold, and the absolute difference between the real-time boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration is greater than a boron concentration threshold, a second warning message is output. This second warning message indicates a malfunction in at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter. Therefore, when two independent monitoring dimensions give contradictory results, the contradictory state can be identified, and the second warning message can alert staff that at least one monitoring link is abnormal, significantly improving the reliability of reactive monitoring during manual replenishment mode.

[0070] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a boron concentration monitoring process in a nuclear reactor, provided as an embodiment of this application. The method further includes: S401, if the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume, determine the first warning information to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume and the first operation suggestion, the first operation suggestion includes increasing the injection flow rate of the boron water, and / or decreasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water. It should be noted that when the volume of injected boron solution is less than the reference volume, it indicates that the actual amount of injected boron solution is insufficient, meaning the proportion of boron solution in the boron solution to demineralized water ratio is too low. At this time, the concentration of the mixture injected into the primary loop is lower than the historical boron concentration. If this ratio continues to be used, it will dilute the boron concentration of the primary loop coolant, introducing positive reactivity and leading to increased reactor power and primary loop temperature (overheating risk). Therefore, a first operational recommendation can be issued to advise personnel to increase the injection flow rate of boron solution and / or decrease the injection flow rate of demineralized water, so that the actual volume of boron solution approaches the reference volume, restoring the correct ratio and thus avoiding the risk of positive reactivity introduced due to insufficient boron solution injection.

[0071] Therefore, the first warning message, while indicating that the volume of the borax solution is less than the reference volume, also includes the first operational suggestion, so that staff can know the specific corrective measures as soon as they know that the volume of the borax solution is less than the reference volume, without having to judge the adjustment direction themselves, thus shortening the response time from warning to intervention.

[0072] S402, if the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume, a first warning message is determined to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume and a second operation suggestion is provided. The second operation suggestion includes reducing the injection flow rate of the boron water and / or increasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water.

[0073] It should be noted that if the volume of the boron solution is greater than or equal to the reference volume, it indicates that too much boron solution has been injected, meaning the proportion of boron solution in the boron solution to demineralized water ratio is too high. In this case, the concentration of the mixture injected into the primary coolant is higher than the historical boron concentration. If this ratio continues to be used, it will increase the boron concentration in the primary coolant, introducing negative reactivity, leading to a decrease in reactor power and a drop in primary coolant temperature (risk of overcooling). Therefore, a second operational recommendation can be issued to advise personnel to reduce the injection flow rate of the boron solution and / or increase the injection flow rate of the demineralized water, so that the volume of injected boron solution approaches the reference volume, restoring the correct ratio and thus avoiding the risk of negative reactivity caused by excessive boron solution injection.

[0074] Therefore, the first warning message, while indicating that the volume of the boron solution is greater than or equal to the reference volume, also includes a second operational suggestion. This allows staff to know the specific corrective measures as soon as they are informed that the volume of the boron solution is greater than or equal to the reference volume, without having to judge the adjustment direction themselves, thus shortening the response time from warning to intervention.

[0075] In this embodiment, when the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron solution and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, and the volume of the boron solution is less than the reference volume, a first warning message is determined to indicate that the volume of the boron solution is less than the reference volume and a first operational suggestion is provided. When the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron solution and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, and the volume of the boron solution is greater than or equal to the reference volume, a first warning message is determined to indicate that the volume of the boron solution is greater than or equal to the reference volume and a second operational suggestion is provided. Therefore, the first warning message can display the reason for the warning and the corresponding operational suggestion to the staff, allowing them to directly perform corrective actions upon receiving the first warning message, effectively shortening the response time from warning to intervention.

[0076] In one possible implementation, during manual replenishment mode, the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is displayed on the display interface.

[0077] The display interface can be the operator station display screen of the DCS system and / or the large screen in the main control room.

[0078] It should be noted that the difference between the volume of boron solution injected and the reference volume can be obtained by subtracting the reference volume from the volume of boron solution injected. The sign of the value indicates the direction of the deviation: a positive value indicates too much boron solution, and a negative value indicates too little boron solution.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the difference between the injected boron solution volume and the reference volume can be presented in two ways: numerically or as a trend graph. A numerical display allows staff to easily read the current boron solution deviation, while a trend graph allows staff to observe the direction and rate of change of the boron solution over time, thus determining whether the deviation is widening or gradually converging.

[0080] Therefore, by displaying the difference between the boron water volume and the reference volume in real time, staff can intuitively and continuously understand the current boron water deviation status, providing intuitive data support for staff to make early judgments and timely interventions. This effectively assists staff in taking corresponding measures when the boron water deviation is still in its early stages, avoiding further accumulation of deviation and unexpected reactive changes.

[0081] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0082] Corresponding to the boron concentration monitoring method for nuclear reactors in the above embodiments, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the boron concentration monitoring device for a nuclear reactor provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of this application are shown.

[0083] Reference Figure 5 The device includes: The acquisition module 501 is used to acquire the volume of demineralized water and the volume of boron water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode. The determination module 502 is used to determine the reference volume of boron water based on the volume of injected demineralized water, the boron concentration of injected boron water, and the historical boron concentration. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary loop in order to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of injected demineralized water. The output module 503 is used to output a first warning message when the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume of boron water.

[0084] In one possible implementation, a first processing module is also included, for: Based on the preset temperature change, a volume threshold is determined. The volume threshold is the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the temperature change of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the preset temperature change. The preset temperature change is positively correlated with the volume threshold.

[0085] In one possible implementation, a second processing module is also included, for: If the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is less than the volume threshold, and the absolute difference between the real-time boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration is greater than the boron concentration threshold, a second warning message is output. The second warning message is used to indicate that at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter is faulty. The boron meter is used to detect the real-time boron concentration of the coolant, the first flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of demineralized water injected into the primary loop, the second flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of boron water injected into the primary loop, and the boron concentration threshold is greater than the boron concentration change. The boron concentration change is the absolute difference between the boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration after injecting boron water of the volume threshold into the coolant.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the second processing module is used for: If the rate of change of boron concentration is greater than or equal to the rate of change threshold, a second warning message is determined to indicate that there is a fault in the boron meter. The rate of change of boron concentration is the rate of change between the real-time boron concentrations collected at two adjacent sampling times. If the rate of change of boron concentration is less than the rate of change threshold, a second warning message is determined to indicate that at least one of the first flow meter and the second flow meter is faulty.

[0087] In one possible implementation, a third processing module is also included, for: If the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of injected boron water is less than the reference volume, a first warning message is determined to indicate that the volume of injected boron water is less than the reference volume and a first operation suggestion is given. The first operation suggestion includes increasing the injection flow rate of boron water and / or decreasing the injection flow rate of demineralized water. If the absolute difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume, a first warning message is determined to indicate that the volume of injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume and a second operational suggestion is provided. The second operational suggestion includes reducing the injection flow rate of boron water and / or increasing the injection flow rate of demineralized water.

[0088] In one possible implementation, a display module is also included, for: During manual replenishment mode, the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is displayed on the screen.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the output module 503 is used for: The first warning message is delivered via voice broadcast; The first warning message is output by displaying boron water-related information in a preset color on the display interface. The boron water-related information includes the volume of demineralized water injected, the reference volume, and the difference between the volume of boron water injected and the reference volume.

[0090] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of this application. For details on their specific functions and technical effects, please refer to the method embodiments section, and they will not be repeated here.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0093] This application provides a computer program product that, when run on a mobile terminal, enables the mobile terminal to implement the steps described in the above-described method embodiments.

[0094] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include at least: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code to a device / electronic device, a recording medium, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium. Examples include USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0095] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0097] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / electronic devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / electronic device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0098] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0099] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring boron concentration in a nuclear reactor, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the volume of demineralized water and boronized water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode; Based on the volume of demineralized water already injected, the boron concentration of the boron water already injected, and the historical boron concentration, a reference volume of boron water is determined. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of demineralized water already injected. If the absolute difference between the injected boron water volume and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold, a first warning message is output. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the injected boron water volume and the reference volume of the boron water.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The volume threshold is determined based on a preset temperature change. The volume threshold is the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary circuit to make the temperature change of the coolant in the primary circuit equal to the preset temperature change. The preset temperature change is positively correlated with the volume threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the reference volume of the boron water based on the volume of the injected demineralized water, the boron concentration of the injected boron water, and the historical boron concentration, the method further includes: If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is less than the volume threshold, and the absolute difference between the real-time boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration is greater than the boron concentration threshold, a second warning message is output. The second warning message indicates that at least one of the boron meter, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter is faulty. The boron meter is used to detect the real-time boron concentration of the coolant. The first flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of the demineralized water injected into the primary loop. The second flow meter is used to detect the flow rate of the boron water injected into the primary loop. The boron concentration threshold is greater than the boron concentration change, which is the absolute difference between the boron concentration of the coolant and the historical boron concentration after the boron water of the volume threshold is injected into the coolant.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output of the second early warning information includes: If the rate of change of boron concentration is greater than or equal to the rate of change threshold, the second warning information is determined to indicate that the boron meter is faulty, wherein the rate of change of boron concentration is the rate of change between the real-time boron concentrations collected at two adjacent sampling times; If the rate of change of boron concentration is less than the rate of change threshold, the second warning information is determined to indicate that at least one of the first flow meter and the second flow meter is faulty.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before outputting the first warning information, the method further includes: If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume, the first warning information is determined to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is less than the reference volume and to provide a first operation suggestion. The first operation suggestion includes increasing the injection flow rate of the boron water and / or decreasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water. If the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to the volume threshold, and the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume, the first warning information is determined to indicate that the volume of the injected boron water is greater than or equal to the reference volume and a second operation suggestion is provided. The second operation suggestion includes reducing the injection flow rate of the boron water and / or increasing the injection flow rate of the demineralized water.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: During the manual replenishment mode, the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume is displayed on the display interface.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output of the first warning information includes at least one of the following: The first warning information is output via voice broadcast; The first warning information is output by displaying boron water-related information in a preset color on the display interface. The boron water-related information includes the volume of injected demineralized water, the reference volume, and the difference between the volume of injected boron water and the reference volume.

8. A boron concentration monitoring device for a nuclear reactor, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the volume of demineralized water and boron water injected into the primary loop of the nuclear reactor during manual replenishment mode. The determination module is used to determine the reference volume of boron water based on the volume of injected demineralized water, the boron concentration of injected boron water, and the historical boron concentration. The historical boron concentration is the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop before the manual replenishment mode is started. The reference volume of boron water refers to the volume of boron water that needs to be injected into the primary loop to make the boron concentration of the coolant in the primary loop equal to the historical boron concentration, given the volume of injected demineralized water. The output module is configured to output a first warning message when the absolute difference between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume is greater than or equal to a volume threshold. The first warning message is used to indicate that there is a deviation between the volume of the injected boron water and the reference volume of the boron water.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it causes the electronic device to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program, which, when executed, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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