Reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system and method of use

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system and its application method, reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system includes at least two measurement modules and common base module;At least two measurement modules are used to carry out different hydrogen isotope measurement experiment, at least two measurement modules include the first measurement module for carrying out permeation measurement experiment, the second measurement module for carrying out absorption and release heavy water measurement experiment and / or absorption and release hydrogen measurement experiment;Common base module includes gas injection pipeline, at least one vacuum pipeline and detection analysis pipeline;Gas injection pipeline is communicated with the first measurement module and the second measurement module respectively;Vacuum pipeline is communicated with gas injection pipeline;Detection analysis pipeline is communicated with the first measurement module and the second measurement module respectively.The present application can carry out multiple types of hydrogen isotope measurement experiment by integrating multiple different measurement modules, and can provide more reliable data support for the design and safety evaluation of reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and more specifically, to a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] In advanced reactors (such as liquid metal reactors and fusion reactors), there exists a generation, migration, permeation, and retention of the hydrogen isotope (tritium). As a radioactive nuclide, the amount of tritium stored and released directly affects radiation protection. Therefore, in the design and safety assessment of reactors, it is necessary to accurately obtain data on parameters such as the tritium permeability coefficient, solubility, and diffusion coefficient in the relevant structural materials.

[0003] Currently, existing hydrogen isotope measurement systems are typically single-function, such as only performing hydrogen isotope permeation measurements or only performing hydrogen isotope adsorption-desorption measurements. Independent permeation and adsorption-desorption devices exhibit significant systematic differences in the stability of experimental parameters, background leakage rates, pipeline adsorption characteristics, and analytical instrument calibration status. These differences non-linearly superimpose into the final measurement signal, leading to substantial deviations in hydrogen isotope permeation coefficient and solubility data obtained from different devices. This affects the self-consistency assessment of parameters and the establishment of physical models, thus making it difficult to meet the relevant assessment and design requirements of advanced reactors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system and its application method, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: constructing a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system, comprising: At least two measurement modules are used to perform different hydrogen isotope measurement experiments, said at least two measurement modules including a first measurement module for performing a permeation measurement experiment, and a second measurement module for performing a heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiment and / or a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment; and Common basic modules include: Gas injection pipes are connected to the first measurement module and the second measurement module, respectively; At least one vacuum line; the vacuum line is connected to the gas injection line; The detection and analysis pipeline is connected to the first measurement module and the second measurement module, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the common infrastructure module also includes at least one pressure detection pipeline; the gas injection pipeline is connected to the at least one pressure detection pipeline.

[0007] Furthermore, the common basic module includes at least two pressure detection lines, which are arranged in parallel. Each pressure detection line includes a pressure detection element, and at least some of the pressure detection elements have different ranges to cover a measurement range from vacuum to high pressure.

[0008] Furthermore, the at least two pressure detection lines include at least two of the following: a first pressure detection element for detecting the system vacuum level, a second pressure detection element for measuring pressure within a first pressure range, and a third pressure detection element for measuring pressure within a second pressure range. Wherein, the values ​​in the first pressure range are at least partially smaller than the values ​​in the second pressure range.

[0009] Furthermore, the common infrastructure module also includes at least one pressure stabilizing pipeline, which includes a pressure stabilizing tank connected to the gas injection pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, at least a portion of the pipe connecting the first measuring module and the common base module is in a spiral bend or corrugated shape; and / or At least a portion of the pipe connecting the first measurement module and the detection and analysis pipeline is in a bolted or corrugated shape.

[0011] Furthermore, the pipeline of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system is equipped with a pipeline heating structure and an insulation layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas injection pipeline includes multiple parallel air intake branches, and each air intake branch is equipped with a mass flow controller.

[0013] Furthermore, the first measurement module includes a first heating furnace and a permeation fixture for holding the sample to be tested; and / or The second measuring module includes a second heating furnace and a first reactor disposed within the second heating furnace.

[0014] Furthermore, the second measurement module includes a second heating furnace and a first reactor disposed within the second heating furnace; the first reactor includes a quartz tube, a cover, and a thermocouple; the thermocouple passes through the cover and its measuring end extends into the quartz tube for measuring the sample temperature.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a third measurement module for conducting hydrogen absorption and / or heavy water ...

[0016] Furthermore, the third measuring module also includes a lifting mechanism; the third heating furnace is mounted on the lifting mechanism and can be lifted to accommodate or detach from the second reactor.

[0017] A method for constructing a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system is provided, which is applied to the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system described in any of the preceding claims. The method for applying the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system includes: Step S1: Based on the type of hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed, connect the corresponding measurement module to the common basic module to build a system pathway; Step S2: Establish measurement conditions for the constructed system pathway; Step S3: Obtain measurement data by analyzing the pipeline monitoring signals.

[0018] Furthermore, the second measurement module includes a first reactor; The hydrogen isotope measurement experiments include permeation measurement experiments, hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments, and heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments. When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S2 includes: heating to a first experimental temperature and injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the common basic module and the front end space of the sample to be tested in the first measurement module; When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: heating to a second experimental temperature, injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the common base module and the second measurement module; disconnecting the common base module from the second measurement module, and heating to a third experimental temperature; When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: placing heavy water and the sample to be tested alternately in the first reactor and heating to the fourth experimental temperature; taking out the heavy water from the first reactor and heating to the fifth experimental temperature.

[0019] Furthermore, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment or the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S4 is also included between step S1 and step S2: pre-processing the sample to be tested and the system pathway.

[0020] Furthermore, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S4 includes: polishing the sample to be tested and removing air and moisture from the system pathway; When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S4 includes: removing air and moisture from the system pathway and performing activation pretreatment on the sample to be tested.

[0021] Furthermore, each of the measurement modules includes a heating furnace; The step of removing air and moisture from the system passage includes: The system passage is evacuated through the vacuuming pipeline; During or after vacuuming, the measuring module is baked in the heating furnace until the water and hydrogen signals detected by the detection and analysis pipeline drop to background levels.

[0022] Further, the first measurement module includes a permeation fixture for holding the sample to be tested; when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S4 includes: The sample to be tested is prepared to the target size; The sample to be tested is ground and polished, and then assembled into the permeation fixture; Remove air and moisture from the system pathway.

[0023] Furthermore, the target size includes the diameter and thickness of the sample to be tested; the diameter is adapted to the size of the permeation fixture, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the step of activating and pretreating the sample to be tested includes: repeating the experimental gas adsorption-desorption process at least three times to keep the sample to be tested in an activated state, so as to stabilize the surface state and crystal structure of the sample to be tested and make the subsequent hydrogen adsorption and desorption measurement data repeatable.

[0025] Further, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The system circuit is heated to a first experimental temperature and kept at that temperature for a first duration; The common base module is isolated from the first measurement module, and experimental gas is injected into the common base module to stabilize the pressure at the target pressure. The common basic module is connected to the first measurement module, allowing the experimental gas to enter the front end space of the permeation fixture.

[0026] Furthermore, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The system circuit is heated to a second experimental temperature and held at that temperature for a second duration. Based on the mass of the sample to be tested and its theoretical saturated hydrogen absorption capacity, calculate the experimental gas pressure required for its saturated hydrogen absorption, and inject the corresponding amount of experimental gas into the system passage. After the sample to be tested has reached adsorption equilibrium, the experimental gas in the system pathway is discharged. The system pathway is heated to a third experimental temperature to desorb the hydrogen isotope gas adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

[0027] Furthermore, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The sample to be tested is placed in the first reactor with heavy water spaced apart; The first reactor was heated to the fourth experimental temperature and kept at that temperature for a third duration; Remove the heavy water from the first reactor and place the sample to be tested after the heavy water has been adsorbed independently in the first reactor; The first reactor was heated to the fifth experimental temperature to desorb the heavy water adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

[0028] Furthermore, before heating the first reactor to the fifth experimental temperature to desorb the heavy water adsorbed in the sample to be tested, step S2 further includes: removing air and moisture from the system pathway.

[0029] The technical solution constructed by implementing the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system of this invention can perform various types of hydrogen isotope measurement experiments, such as permeation measurement, hydrogen absorption and desorption, and heavy water absorption and desorption, to meet the relevant assessment and design requirements of advanced reactors. Furthermore, by setting up multiple measurement modules to share a common base module, this invention ensures that all hydrogen isotope measurement experiments are conducted under the same system background conditions. This reduces the deviation of data obtained from experiments conducted by different measurement modules, significantly improving the intrinsic comparability and reliability of data obtained from different types of measurement experiments, and providing more reliable data support for reactor design and safety assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system from another angle. Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the electrical connections of the modules in the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system. Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the piping connections of each module in the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the piping connections for the common basic modules in the system; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows one of the system pathways required for a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system to perform a permeation measurement experiment. Figure 7 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows one of the system pathways required for a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system to perform hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments. Figure 8 yes Figure 4 The diagram shows one of the system pathways required for the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system to perform heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments. Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The diagram shown illustrates one method of applying a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system during a permeation measurement experiment. Figure 11 yes Figure 9 The diagram shows one of the flowcharts for applying the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system during hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments. Figure 12 yes Figure 9 The flowchart shown is one of the application methods of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system in the experiment of heavy water absorption and desorption. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the sample to be tested and heavy water in the same sealed container during a heavy water absorption and release measurement experiment using a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system application method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the invention can be practiced in many ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention constructs a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1, which can perform hydrogen isotope measurement experiments such as hydrogen isotope permeation measurement experiment (hereinafter referred to as permeation measurement experiment), hydrogen isotope adsorption-desorption measurement experiment (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen adsorption-desorption measurement experiment), and heavy water adsorption-desorption measurement experiment (hereinafter referred to as heavy water adsorption-desorption measurement experiment) on the sample to be tested.

[0037] The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 includes a common basic module 10, a first measurement module 20, a second measurement module 30, a third measurement module 40, a control module 60, and a working platform 50. The common basic module 10, the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, the third measurement module 40, and the control module 60 are all located on the working platform 50. Figure 3 As shown, the control module 60 is electrically connected to the electrical components on the common base module 10, the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, and the third measurement module 40, respectively, to control and receive data from each electrical component. The common base module 10 is connected to the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, and the third measurement module 40, and is used for injecting experimental gas and detecting and regulating gas-related parameters such as gas pressure within the system to ensure constant pressure during the measurement experiment. The first measurement module 20 is used for permeation measurement experiments, while the second measurement module 20 and the third measurement module 30 can both be used for heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiments or hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiments.

[0038] The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 set up in this invention allows multiple measurement modules to share a common basic module 10, which can reduce the number of modules and pipelines in the system, reduce the construction and maintenance costs of the system, and reduce the space requirements of the system.

[0039] By setting up three measurement modules (first measurement module 20, second measurement module 30, and third measurement module 40), the present invention enables the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 to carry out various hydrogen isotope measurement experiments, such as permeation measurement experiments, hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments, and heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments, in order to meet the relevant evaluation and design requirements of advanced reactors (such as liquid metal reactors, fusion reactors, etc.).

[0040] It is important to understand that different systems will exhibit varying degrees of systematic error when conducting hydrogen isotope measurement experiments. Therefore, when integrating and comparing experimental data obtained from different hydrogen isotope measurement experiments using different systems, the presence of these systematic errors will reduce the reliability of the data, thereby affecting the relevant assessments and designs of advanced reactors. Furthermore, conducting hydrogen isotope measurement experiments using different systems involves cumbersome processes such as sample transfer, system connection, and parameter calibration, making rapid and correlated comparative studies difficult.

[0041] The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 of this invention integrates multiple different measurement modules, allowing them to share the same common basic module 10 and other basic modules, thereby ensuring the consistency of system errors. This ensures that all types of hydrogen isotope measurement experiments are conducted under the same system background conditions (such as the same vacuum system, the same mass spectrometer calibration status, and the same pipeline adsorption characteristics), significantly improving the intrinsic comparability and reliability of data obtained from different types of measurement experiments, and providing more reliable data support for reactor design and safety assessment.

[0042] Furthermore, the integration of the measurement module allows for the use of a single basic module, simplifying sample transfer, system connection, and parameter calibration procedures during experiments. Switching between different functions is quick and easy, avoiding the time spent on repeatedly disassembling and debugging independent systems, thus improving experimental efficiency.

[0043] In some other embodiments, the measurement module of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 may include only the first measurement module 20 and the second measurement module 30, or only the first measurement module 20 and the third measurement module 40.

[0044] In some other embodiments, the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 may further include at least two detection and analysis lines 17, wherein at least some of the detection and analysis lines 17 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the measurement modules. Alternatively, the number of detection and analysis lines 17 is the same as the number of measurement modules, and the two are configured in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the work platform 50 includes two spaced-apart frames 51, each frame 51 being generally a table with a hollow bottom, having multiple legs and a tabletop disposed on the top of the multiple legs. The common base module 10, the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, the third measurement module 40, the control module 60, and the detection and analysis pipeline 17 are distributed on the two frames.

[0046] Specifically, each stand 51 is equipped with casters 52 under its legs to facilitate flexible adjustment of the spacing between the two stands 51. This allows the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 to flexibly change the experimental position and also allows the variable spacing between the two stands 51 to absorb the deformation stress of the pipes caused by temperature changes.

[0047] Specifically, the common base module 10, the third measurement module 40, and the control module 60 are mounted on one of the test benches 51. The first mechanical pump 141 and the first molecular pump 142 of the common base module 10 are located below the test bench, while other mechanisms are mounted on the test bench. The third measurement module 40 is located below the test bench and is connected to the common base module 10 on the test bench. The control module 60 is located below the test bench.

[0048] The first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, and the detection and analysis tubing 17 are mounted on another rack 51. The first measurement module 20 and the second measurement module 30 are both located on the platform. The mass spectrometer 171 of the detection and analysis tubing 17 is mounted on the platform, while the second mechanical pump 172 and the second molecular pump 173 are located below the platform.

[0049] It should be noted that the platform 51 can be constructed using aluminum alloy profiles or welded from a steel frame. The casters 52 can be swivel casters and / or directional casters. No specific limitations are specified here.

[0050] In some other embodiments, the components of other modules may also be located on the platform.

[0051] In some other embodiments, the work platform 50 may further include at least three racks 51, each rack 51 may be provided with at least one module. Alternatively, the work platform 50 may also include only one rack 51, with all other modules disposed on the rack 51.

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the common basic module 10 may include a gas injection line 11, a vacuum line 14, at least one pressure stabilizing line 12, at least one pressure detection line, and at least one detection and analysis line 17.

[0053] The gas injection pipe 11 has an inlet end connected to an external pipeline to receive experimental gas supplied by the external pipeline, and its outlet end connected to the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30, and the third measurement module 30, respectively. The pressure stabilizing pipe 12 is connected to the gas injection pipe 11 to stabilize the system pressure during long-term measurement experiments, preventing pressure fluctuations due to experimental gas consumption and thus improving the accuracy of the measured data. The pressure detection pipe is connected to the gas injection pipe 11 to detect the gas pressure of the common basic module 10, ensuring that the environmental pressure during the experiment meets the experimental requirements. The vacuuming pipe 14 is connected to the gas injection pipe 11 to extract air from the system, preventing air from affecting the experimental data and further ensuring the accuracy of the measured data. The detection and analysis pipe 17 is connected to at least one measurement module to acquire measurement data and transmit it to the control module 60.

[0054] It is important to understand that for some hydrogen isotope measurement experiments, the measurement period is relatively long. During the several days of permeation measurement, the experimental gas in the circuit will slowly decrease, and the system pressure will gradually fall below the target pressure required for the experiment, thus affecting the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0055] This application, by setting up a pressure detection pipeline and a pressure stabilizing pipeline 12, can monitor and control the system pressure during the experiment to stabilize it at around the target pressure, avoiding pressure drops at the kilopascal level, thereby reducing experimental data deviations caused by pressure drops and improving experimental accuracy.

[0056] Specifically, the inlet end of the gas injection pipe 11 may have at least three parallel gas inlet branches, each equipped with a valve 70. The at least three gas inlet branches correspond to hydrogen injection, deuterium injection, and argon injection respectively, with different gas inlet branches selected for different measurement experiments.

[0057] The gas injection pipeline 11 may also have multiple parallel gas outlet branches, each equipped with a valve 70. Each outlet branch may be located at a different position on the gas injection pipeline 11 to facilitate corresponding connection to the distributed measurement modules.

[0058] The number of pressure stabilizing lines 12 and pressure sensing lines is at least two. Each pressure stabilizing line 12 is connected to a pressure stabilizing tank 121, allowing for precise control based on the amount of stabilizing gas required for different measurement experiments by varying the number of pressure stabilizing tanks 121 connected to the gas injection pipe 11. Each pressure sensing line is equipped with a pressure sensing element, and at least some of the pressure sensing lines have different pressure sensing element ranges. This allows for precise selection of the corresponding pressure sensing line for different system pressures required for different measurement experiments, thereby achieving accurate detection of the system pressure.

[0059] The number of the detection and analysis pipeline 17 can be one, which is connected to the first measurement module 20, the second measurement module 30 and the third measurement module 40 respectively, and different measurement experiments can be carried out with different measurement modules.

[0060] In some other embodiments, the number of pressure stabilizing lines 12 may be set to only one, and a pressure stabilizing gas injection system is connected to the end of the pressure stabilizing line 12 to stabilize the pressure of the system pipeline.

[0061] In some other embodiments, the number of pressure detection lines can also be set to one, so as to achieve accurate detection of system pressure through a single high-precision, large-range pressure detection element.

[0062] In some embodiments, the outlet end of the gas injection pipe 11 may also be connected to the detection and analysis pipe 17.

[0063] In this way, at least some of the measurement modules can be connected to the detection and analysis pipeline 17 through the gas injection pipeline 11, which also allows at least some of the measurement modules to share part of the pipeline with the gas injection pipeline 11, reducing the total length of the system pipeline and lowering construction costs.

[0064] In some embodiments, each inlet branch of the gas injection pipeline 11 may be equipped with a mass flow controller (not shown in the figure) to precisely control the inlet flow rate, and then, through the cooperation of each inlet branch, the mixed experimental gas injected into the system can be flexibly proportioned based on different measurement experiments.

[0065] Specifically, the mass flow controller can be implemented using existing high-precision mass flow controllers (MFC), etc., without any specific limitations.

[0066] In some embodiments, each pressure-stabilizing pipeline 12 includes a pressure-stabilizing tank 121, a pressure-stabilizing pipe 122, and a valve 70 disposed on the pressure-stabilizing pipe 122. The pressure-stabilizing tank 121 is disposed at the inlet end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe 122 and stores gas for pressure stabilization. The outlet end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe 122 is connected to the gas injection pipe 11.

[0067] Specifically, the connection points of each pressure-stabilizing pipeline 12 on the gas injection pipeline 11 are roughly the same. The pressure-stabilizing tank 121 on each pressure-stabilizing pipeline 12 has a different volume and is detachably installed on the pressure-stabilizing pipeline 12. In this way, by switching different pressure-stabilizing pipelines 12 on and off the gas injection pipeline 11, various pressure-stabilized gas injection systems with different volumes can be realized, flexibly adapting to different measurement experiments.

[0068] It is important to understand that for some hydrogen isotope measurement experiments (such as permeation measurement experiments), the measurement cycle can last for several days. During this process, the experimental gas in the loop will slowly decrease due to permeation through the sample and adsorption in the pipeline, causing the system pressure to gradually fall below the target pressure required for the experiment, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0069] This invention, by setting up a detachable pressure stabilizing tank 121 with different volumes, can flexibly match the corresponding buffer volume for different gas consumption rates and durations of experiments, effectively buffering and stabilizing system pressure, avoiding pressure drops at the kilopascal level, and ensuring the stability of pressure parameters and the reliability of data during long-term measurements.

[0070] exist Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the pressure stabilizing tanks 121 on the two pressure stabilizing pipelines 12 can have volumes of 150ml and 500ml respectively. Of course, pressure stabilizing tanks 121 with other volumes can also be replaced according to specific experimental requirements.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the pressure-stabilizing pipeline 12 may also include a pressure-stabilizing pipe 122 and a pressure-stabilizing gas injection system. The outlet end of the pressure-stabilizing gas injection system is connected to the inlet end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe 122, so as to flexibly inject a corresponding amount of pressure-stabilizing gas into the gas injection pipe 11 through the gas injection system.

[0072] In some embodiments, each pressure detection line may include a pressure detection element, a pressure detection pipe, and a valve 70 disposed on the pressure detection pipe. The pressure detection element is disposed on the pressure detection pipe, which is connected to the gas injection pipe 11.

[0073] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, there are three pressure detection lines, which are defined as the first pressure detection line 131, the second pressure detection line 132, and the third pressure detection line 133. The first pressure detection line 131 includes a first pressure detection element 1311, a first pressure detection pipe 1312, and a valve 70. The second pressure detection line 132 includes a second pressure detection element 1321, a second pressure detection pipe 1322, and a valve 70. The third pressure detection line 133 includes a third pressure detection element 1331, a third pressure detection pipe 1332, and a valve 70. The measuring ranges of the first pressure detection element 1311, the second pressure detection element 1321, and the third pressure detection element 1331 are all different.

[0074] Specifically, the three pressure detection lines are connected in sequence downstream of the pressure stabilizing line 12 on the gas injection line 11, with the first pressure detection line 131 located between the pressure stabilizing line 12 and the second pressure detection line 132, and the third pressure detection line 133 located downstream of the second pressure detection line 132.

[0075] In the connection points between the pressure stabilizing pipeline 12 and the gas injection pipeline 11, valves 70 are installed between any two adjacent connection points.

[0076] This invention facilitates the construction and switching of system pathways by evenly distributing valves 70 between any two adjacent connection points. For example, without disrupting the system's vacuum environment or reloading the sample, the pathway required for a self-osmosis measurement experiment can be quickly switched to the pathway required for a heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiment or a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first pressure sensing element 1311 may be an existing hot cathode vacuum gauge. This hot cathode vacuum gauge may be a full-scale gauge used to detect the vacuum level of the system.

[0078] In some embodiments, the second pressure sensing element 1321 may be an existing capacitive thin-film gauge (capacitive thin-film vacuum gauge) for pressure detection within a first pressure range.

[0079] In some embodiments, the third pressure sensing element 1331 may employ an existing pressure sensor for detection within a second pressure range.

[0080] The values ​​in the first pressure range are at least partially smaller than the values ​​in the second pressure range. For example, the first pressure range may be greater than or equal to 1 kPa and less than or equal to 1 Bar, and the second pressure range may be greater than or equal to 1 Bar and less than or equal to 1 MPa.

[0081] This invention enables precise measurement of pressure range from 1 kPa to 1 MPa and detection of vacuum by setting three different pressure detection elements, thus covering a wide pressure measurement range from high vacuum to high pressure and further ensuring the accuracy of experimental data.

[0082] In other embodiments, the pressure sensing elements on each pressure sensing pipeline can also be implemented using other existing pressure sensing mechanisms such as cold cathode ionization vacuum gauges (cold gauges), thermocouple vacuum gauges (thermocouple gauges), U-tube liquid column vacuum gauges, molecular flow vacuum gauges (viscous flow vacuum gauges).

[0083] In some embodiments, the vacuum line 14 may include a first vacuum mechanism, at least one vacuum pipe, and at least one valve 70 disposed on the vacuum pipe. The first vacuum mechanism is connected to the gas injection pipe 11 via the vacuum pipe to create a vacuum environment.

[0084] Specifically, there are two vacuum pipes, which are now defined as the first vacuum pipe 143 and the second vacuum pipe 144, respectively, and are connected in parallel.

[0085] The first vacuuming mechanism may include a first mechanical pump 141 and a first molecular pump 142. The first mechanical pump 141 is located at the outlet end of the first vacuuming pipe 143 and the second vacuuming pipe 144. The first molecular pump 142 is located on the first vacuuming pipe 143, between the first mechanical pump 141 and the gas injection pipe 11. A valve 70 is provided on the second vacuuming pipe 144. Two valves 70 are provided on the first vacuuming pipe 143, located respectively between the first mechanical pump 141 and the first molecular pump 142, and between the first molecular pump 142 and the gas injection pipe 11.

[0086] The present invention, by setting the first vacuum pumping mechanism, may include a first mechanical pump 141 and a first molecular pump 142, which can ensure that the system pressure can be reduced to 10. -6Below Pa, it meets the ultimate vacuum requirements of various measurement experiments.

[0087] In other embodiments, the first vacuum pumping mechanism may also be implemented using other existing pumps such as ion pumps, diffusion pumps, and cryogenic pumps to meet the extreme vacuum (e.g., 10) required during formal testing. -5 Experimental requirements (below Pa).

[0088] In some embodiments, the common infrastructure module 10 may also include at least one connecting pipe to connect different pipes or two different points of the same pipe.

[0089] For example in Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, there may be two connecting pipes, which are now defined as the first connecting pipe 15 and the second connecting pipe 16. The two ends of the first connecting pipe 15 are respectively connected to two different points upstream and downstream of the gas injection pipe 11, and the two ends of the second connecting pipe 16 are respectively connected to the gas injection pipe 11 and the first connecting pipe 15.

[0090] Specifically, one end of the first connecting pipe 15 is connected to the position where the gas injection pipe 11 is connected to the third measuring module 40, and the other end is connected to the end of the gas injection pipe 11.

[0091] The connection point of the pressure stabilizing pipeline 12 to the gas injection pipeline 11 is located upstream of the connection point between the first connecting pipeline 15 and the gas injection pipeline 11. The connection points of the first pressure sensing pipeline 131 and the first connecting pipeline 15 to the gas injection pipeline 11 are approximately the same. The connection points of the third pressure sensing pipeline 133, the vacuum pipeline 14, and the other end of the first connecting pipeline 15 to the gas injection pipeline 11 are approximately the same. The connection points of the second pressure sensing pipeline 132 and the second connecting pipeline 16 to the gas injection pipeline 11 are approximately the same.

[0092] In this way, the pipeline of the common basic module 10 can be roughly arranged in a multi-branch parallel structure with multiple cross-shaped intersections. Each branch can be controlled independently, so as to flexibly select the connected pipeline for different measurement experiments, reduce the total pipeline length, and improve the system integration.

[0093] Meanwhile, the first connecting pipe 15 also allows the third measuring module 40 to be connected to the detection and analysis pipeline 50 through the first connecting pipe 15, reducing the total length of the pipeline and lowering construction costs.

[0094] In other embodiments, the connection points of each pressure detection pipeline, each pressure stabilizing pipeline 12, vacuum pipeline 14, and first connecting pipeline 15 on the gas injection pipeline 11 can be flexibly adjusted. There are too many potential embodiments to list them all here.

[0095] In some embodiments, the detection and analysis pipeline 17 may include a mass spectrometer 171, a second vacuum mechanism, a detection and analysis pipeline 174, and a valve 70. The detection and analysis pipeline 174 is connected to three measurement modules. The mass spectrometer 171, the second vacuum mechanism, and the valve 70 are all mounted on the detection and analysis pipeline 174. The mass spectrometer 171 is positioned between the second vacuum mechanism and the valve 70 and is used for data detection.

[0096] Specifically, the second vacuum pumping mechanism is used to create an operating environment for the mass spectrometer 171, and it may include a second mechanical pump 172 and a second molecular pump 173. The second mechanical pump 172 is located at the outlet end of the detection and analysis pipeline 174, and the second molecular pump 173 is located between the second mechanical pump 172 and the mass spectrometer 171, and a valve 70 is provided between the second mechanical pump 172 and the molecular pump 173.

[0097] It should be noted that the mass spectrometer 171 can be implemented using existing technologies such as a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS, measurement range 1-200 amu, accuracy 0.1 amu) and a gas chromatograph (GC), so as to flexibly perform gas composition and partial pressure analysis for different measurement experiments.

[0098] It is important to understand that this quadrupole mass spectrometer requires an ambient pressure of 10... -3 The detection operation can only be started at Pa, so a second vacuuming mechanism needs to be installed at its end.

[0099] Therefore, in some other embodiments, the mass spectrometer 171 may also be other mass spectrometer devices that operate at atmospheric pressure. In this case, the detection and analysis pipeline 17 may not need to be equipped with a second vacuum mechanism.

[0100] Of course, in some other embodiments, the second vacuuming mechanism may also employ other methods capable of achieving 10 -3 Pump body for Pa vacuum environment.

[0101] In some other embodiments, the detection and analysis line 17 may also include a residual gas analyzer (RGA) disposed on the detection and analysis line 174 for high vacuum background monitoring.

[0102] In some embodiments, the common basic module 10 may also have a reserved pipe interface to connect other measurement modules such as the liquid metal permeation module, further improving the integration and scalability of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1, and further realizing other measurement experiments of reactor materials such as liquid metal permeation measurement.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first measurement module 20 can be used to measure the permeation performance of hydrogen isotopes in metal foils (such as stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, and coated metal sheets). It may include a first heating furnace 21, a permeation fixture 22, and valves 70. The permeation fixture 22 is disposed within the first heating furnace 21 and is generally longitudinally elongated tubular. Its two ends are respectively connected to a gas injection pipe 11 and a detection and analysis pipe 17 via pipes, and valves 70 are provided between each of them.

[0104] Specifically, the permeation fixture 22 includes a first part and a second part (not shown in the figure), which are detachably configured to hold the sample to be tested between them. When the sample is held between the two parts, it divides the internal space of the permeation fixture 22 into a front space and a rear space. The front space is connected to the common base module 10, and the rear space is connected to the detection and analysis pipeline 17. During the measurement experiment, under the high pressure driven by the common base module 10 and the front space, the experimental gas undergoes surface dissociation, diffusion, and recombination to permeate through the sample to be tested, enters the rear space, and then enters the detection and analysis pipeline 17.

[0105] The present invention sets up a detection and analysis pipeline 17 that is connected to the rear space of the permeation fixture 22, the gas injection pipeline 11, and the vacuum pipeline 14 respectively. This allows the vacuum pipeline 14 to be connected to both the front and rear spaces of the permeation fixture 22 at the same time, so as to perform vacuuming operations on both the front and rear spaces simultaneously, thereby further reducing the overall length of the pipeline.

[0106] It should be noted that both the first heating furnace 21 and the permeation tooling 22 can be implemented using existing technologies.

[0107] For example, the permeation fixture 22 can be implemented using existing high vacuum sealing fixtures such as the existing Vacuum Coupling Radial Seal (VCR) sample clamping structure and the CF flange (ConFlat, knife-edge flange).

[0108] The first heating furnace 21 can be implemented using existing technologies such as high-temperature tube furnaces, so as to accurately construct the measurement environment with a maximum heating temperature of 1200℃, a maximum heating rate of 40℃ / min, and a temperature control accuracy of ±1℃. Specifically, the first heating furnace 21 can adopt existing heating technologies such as resistance heating, infrared heating, and induction heating, which are not specifically limited here.

[0109] Furthermore, the pipes connecting the permeation fixture 22 to the common base module 10 may be at least partially configured as spiral bends.

[0110] It is important to understand that the permeation fixture 22 needs to hold the sample to be tested through a high-precision sealing surface (such as a VCR metal gasket). In conventional single-function equipment, the stress generated by the direct connection pipe is acceptable. However, in the highly integrated reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system constructed in this invention, the structure between modules and pipelines is relatively compact, and the permeation fixture 22 needs to be repeatedly disassembled and switched. If there is an error in the manufacturing length of the permeation fixture 22, the allowance for disassembly and assembly will be reduced, which will cause deformation of the sample to be tested. Moreover, the pipeline frequently experiences wide temperature changes with the heating furnace (such as from room temperature to 900°C), resulting in significant assembly tolerances and thermal expansion and contraction stresses. If these stresses are not eliminated, they will be directly transmitted to the sealing surface of the precision permeation fixture 22, causing uneven stress on the metal gasket, which may then crack the thin sheet-like sample to be tested or cause minor leaks, resulting in serious errors in the highly sensitive permeation measurement experiment.

[0111] By incorporating a spirally bent pipe section, the present invention effectively absorbs and releases the aforementioned stress through its elastic deformation capability, ensuring that the integrated system can maintain the ultimate airtightness of the permeation tool 22 even after long-term and repeated use.

[0112] Specifically, the spiral-bent pipe segment can be achieved by bending a straight pipe into a spring shape.

[0113] In this way, the sealing performance of the sealing surface constructed by the test sample held by the permeation fixture 22 can be ensured, and the problem of sealing failure caused by uneven stress on the test sample due to the pipeline stress of the permeation fixture 22 can be avoided, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the permeation measurement data.

[0114] In some other embodiments, the spirally curved pipe may also be disposed between the permeation apparatus 22 and the detection and analysis pipeline 17, or disposed on the front and rear sides of the permeation apparatus 22 respectively.

[0115] In other embodiments, the spirally bent pipe segment may also be configured as other flexible connection structures such as a metal corrugated pipe.

[0116] In some embodiments, the second measurement module 30 can be used to conduct hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments to study the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of reactor metal structural materials, insulation materials, aerogel materials, concrete, etc., under different pressures and temperatures. The second measurement module 30 can also be used to conduct heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments to study the thermal stability and pyrolysis kinetics of adsorbed substances on the surface and in the pores of porous materials such as reactor insulation materials, aerogel materials, and concrete, thereby exploring the influence of the materials on the retention of tritium water generated within the reactor.

[0117] The second measurement module 30 may include a second heating furnace 31, a first reactor 32, and a valve 70. The first reactor 32 is disposed within the second heating furnace 31, and one end of it is connected to both the common base module 10 and the detection and analysis pipeline 17. The second heating furnace 31 is used to heat the first reactor 32 and its internal environment.

[0118] Specifically, the first reactor 32 can be a tubular container, which may include a quartz tube, a first cover, and a thermocouple (not shown in the figure). The quartz tube is open at one end, and the first cover seals the opening of the quartz tube. The first cover has at least two connection holes, one for connecting a pipe to facilitate communication between the internal space of the tube and the common base module 10 and the detection and analysis pipeline 17. The other connection hole is for mounting the thermocouple. The measuring end of the thermocouple extends into the tube through the connection hole to accurately measure the temperature of the sample inside the tube. A valve 70 is located at the outlet end of the first reactor 32.

[0119] During the measurement experiment, the sample to be tested can be placed in the first reactor 32 and heated in a vacuum or carrier gas by the second heating furnace 31, and then the adsorption and desorption experiments of hydrogen isotope gas and heavy water of the sample to be tested are carried out to obtain data such as desorption release activation energy and hydrogen storage capacity.

[0120] This invention utilizes the stable structural characteristics of quartz by setting the tubular container to be made of quartz tube, which can effectively avoid the absorption and release of hydrogen isotopes during hydrogen absorption and release measurement experiments and heavy water absorption and release measurement experiments, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the measurement experimental data.

[0121] By incorporating temperature sensors such as thermocouples into the first reactor 32, this invention enables precise temperature measurement of the sample inside the container, thereby ensuring stable and accurate heating and achieving accurate measurement data at various temperatures.

[0122] It should be noted that both the second heating furnace 31 and the first reactor 32 can be implemented using existing technologies. For example, the second heating furnace 31 can specifically be an existing high-temperature tube furnace, so as to accurately construct the measurement environment by having an effective heating area of ​​not less than 400 mm, a maximum heating temperature of 1200℃, a maximum heating rate of 40℃ / min, and a temperature control accuracy of ±1℃. The second heating furnace 31 can specifically employ existing heating technologies such as resistance heating, infrared heating, and induction heating, and no specific limitations are made here.

[0123] In other embodiments, the tubular container of the second heating furnace 31 may also be made of highly inert inorganic materials such as boron nitride and alumina ceramics, in order to avoid the influence of the heating furnace material itself on the hydrogen isotope measurement results during the measurement experiment, and to ensure the accuracy of the measurement experiment results.

[0124] In some embodiments, the third measurement module 40 may include a third heating furnace 41, a second reactor 42, a lifting mechanism 43, and a valve 70. The third heating furnace 41 is mounted on the lifting mechanism 43, which drives its lifting and lowering to accommodate and release the second reactor 42. The second reactor 42 is used to accommodate the sample to be tested, providing experimental space for it.

[0125] Specifically, the second reactor 42 is generally cylindrical, made of stainless steel, and includes a cylindrical body open at one end and a second cover (not shown in the figure). The second cover seals the opening of the cylindrical body. The second cover has at least one connection hole for connecting a pipe, allowing the internal space of the pipe to communicate with the common base module 10 and the detection and analysis pipeline 17. A valve 70 is located at the outlet end of the second reactor 42.

[0126] Specifically, the first cover and the second cover can adopt existing structures such as CF flange interfaces to achieve quick installation, quick disassembly and high vacuum sealing performance.

[0127] It should be noted that both the third heating furnace 41 and the second reactor 42 can be implemented using existing technologies. For example, the third heating furnace 41 can specifically be implemented using an existing high-temperature heating furnace with a built-in temperature detection structure, so as to accurately heat the second reactor 42 with an inner diameter greater than or equal to 40 mm, a maximum heating temperature of 1000℃, a maximum heating rate of 20℃ / min, and a temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃. The third heating furnace 41 can specifically employ existing heating technologies such as resistance heating, infrared heating, and induction heating, and no specific limitations are made here.

[0128] It should be noted that the lifting mechanism 43 can be implemented using existing lifting equipment such as lead screws, cylinders, and hydraulic cylinders, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0129] It should be noted that during the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments and the heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments, the stainless steel second reactor 42 will undergo the process of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen and heavy water together with the sample to be tested, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0130] Since the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment at room temperature can remove the sample after hydrogen absorption from the reactor, and the entire experimental stage is relatively long, the third measurement module 40 can be used for the hydrogen absorption step and the second measurement module 30 can be used for the hydrogen release step when conducting the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment at room temperature, so as to improve experimental efficiency and shorten experimental time.

[0131] In other embodiments, the second reactor 42 may also be made of materials such as quartz, or its inner wall may be provided with an inner layer such as a quartz layer, a boron nitride layer, or an alumina ceramic layer to avoid increased experimental errors caused by the absorption and release of hydrogen isotopes at high temperatures during hydrogen absorption and release experiments and heavy water absorption and release experiments. In this case, the second measurement module 30 and the third measurement module 40 can simultaneously perform hydrogen absorption and release measurement experiments at room temperature or high temperature and / or heavy water absorption and release measurement experiments to improve experimental efficiency. Of course, when the measurement experiments have lower temperature requirements or are not highly corrosive, the second reactor 42 may also be made of Hastelloy or lined with other anti-corrosion materials.

[0132] In some embodiments, each pipe of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 is covered with a pipe heating structure (not shown in the figure).

[0133] This invention, through the design of a pipe heating structure and insulation layer, not only prevents the condensation of experimental gases but, more importantly, facilitates trace hydrogen isotope measurements. At room temperature, the inner wall of the pipe adsorbs a large amount of impurities such as water vapor, hydrogen, and oxygen. The slow desorption of these impurities during the measurement process creates a continuous background noise signal, severely interfering with the accurate detection of trace hydrogen isotope signals by the mass spectrometer 171. By uniformly heating the pipe to a maximum of 150°C using the pipe heating structure, coupled with precise temperature control (±0.1°C) and vacuum extraction, the impurities adsorbed on the pipe wall can be completely removed. This ensures a high degree of cleanliness of the gas path composition and rapid and stable signal response during long-term measurements, providing a key technical guarantee for achieving trace-level permeation and desorption measurements.

[0134] Furthermore, each pipeline of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 can be equipped with an insulation layer to ensure the heating effect of the pipeline heating structure.

[0135] In some embodiments, the control module 60 may include a PLC controller or similar structure, and be electrically connected to various mass flow controllers, pressure detection devices, vacuum mechanisms, heating furnaces, pipeline heating structures, lifting mechanisms 43, mass spectrometers 171 and other electrical control equipment to realize automated or semi-automated operation of various measurement experiments, as well as centralized data acquisition and storage.

[0136] It should be noted that the control module 60 can be implemented using existing technologies, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0137] In some embodiments, the interfaces between the various pipelines and equipment of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 can all adopt existing standardized high-vacuum interface structures such as CF flanges and VCR connectors to achieve rapid and reliable connection between the various structures. In this way, it can ensure that extremely high airtightness can still be maintained after repeated disassembly and assembly, switching and long-term high temperature and high pressure operation, meeting the high airtightness requirements of various hydrogen isotope measurement experiments and providing a basic guarantee for the operation of integrated systems.

[0138] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also constructs an application method for a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system, which can be applied to the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 in any of the foregoing embodiments to carry out various hydrogen isotope measurement experiments.

[0139] The application method of this reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system may specifically include the following steps.

[0140] Step S1: Select the corresponding measurement module and connect it to the common basic module 10 according to the type of hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed, and build the system pathway.

[0141] When a permeability measurement experiment is required, it can be performed as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the first measurement module 20 is connected to the common basic module 10 by switching valve 70. When a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment is required, it can be performed as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the second measuring module 30 and / or the third measuring module 40 are switched on and off by valve 70. Figure 7 The second measurement module 30 is connected to the common basic module 10. When a heavy water absorption / discharge measurement experiment is required, it can be performed as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the second measuring module 30 and / or the third measuring module 40 are switched on and off by valve 70. Figure 8 The second measurement module 30 is connected to the common basic module 10.

[0142] It should be noted that during different measurement experiments, the specific pipelines connected to the common basic module 10 can be selected in various ways. For example, the connection status of the gas injection pipeline 11, the first connecting pipeline 15, and the second connecting pipeline 16 can be flexibly adjusted based on the number and type of systems connected to the pressure detection pipeline. No specific limitations are made here.

[0143] Step S2: Establish measurement conditions for the constructed system pathway.

[0144] Specifically, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a permeation measurement experiment, step S2 may include heating to a first experimental temperature and injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the front space of the sample to be tested in the common base module 10 and the first measurement module 20.

[0145] When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment, step S2 may include heating to a second experimental temperature, injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the common base module 10, the second measurement module 30, or the third measurement module 40, disconnecting the common base module 10 from the second measurement module 30 or the third measurement module 40, and heating to the third experimental temperature.

[0146] When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiment, step S2 may include placing heavy water and the sample to be tested alternately in the first reactor 32 or the second reactor 42, and heating to a fourth experimental temperature. Then, the heavy water is removed from the first reactor 32 or the second reactor 42 and heated to a fifth experimental temperature.

[0147] It should be noted that the experimental temperature involved in each measurement experiment can be flexibly set according to factors such as the type of sample to be tested, the specific type of measurement experiment, and control variables, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0148] Step S3: Obtain measurement data by detecting and analyzing the monitoring signal of pipeline 17.

[0149] Specifically, signal monitoring can be performed using a mass spectrometer 171 connected to the detection and analysis pipeline 17. Once the signal detected by the mass spectrometer 171 gradually stabilizes, data recording can be stopped, and the data can be output and saved.

[0150] It should be noted that in advanced reactor designs in the nuclear power field, tritium atoms produced by the fuel pellet reaction can easily permeate through the cladding made of solid metal materials and be released into the primary loop, migrating with the coolant. During this migration, tritium can enter the covering gas, the primary loop depressurization and external cooling system, the secondary loop system, the liquid metal auxiliary system, the waste system, and the plant environment in gaseous or HTO form, etc.

[0151] This invention constructs a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 and an application method for this system. The system can utilize permeation measurement experiments to measure and analyze the permeation data of tritium through the cladding of solid metals. It can also utilize hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments to measure the tritium absorption and desorption performance of tritium gas in different materials such as metal structural materials, insulation materials, aerogel materials, and concrete under different pressure and temperature conditions in the plant environment and various reactor systems. Furthermore, it can utilize heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments to measure the retention effect of porous materials such as insulation materials, aerogel materials, and concrete on tritized water in the plant environment and various reactor systems.

[0152] Thus, this invention can utilize the system and corresponding methods to specifically study the permeation, adsorption-desorption, and retention behavior of tritium in reactor structural and functional materials, providing data support for research processes such as radiation protection design, environmental impact assessment, and reactor design and safety assessment.

[0153] It should be noted that because tritium gas and tritized water are radioactive, isotopes of tritium are used in the experiments. The experimental error caused by the difference in atomic mass between hydrogen or deuterium and tritium is within an acceptable range from an engineering perspective. Of course, if the radioactivity is not considered, tritium gas and tritized water can be used directly in the measurement experiments.

[0154] It should be noted that the gas injected into the system pathway during the permeation measurement experiment and the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment can be flexibly selected as hydrogen or deuterium based on the experimental requirements, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0155] In some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a permeation measurement experiment or a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment, the method for applying the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system further includes step S4 between steps S1 and S2, which pre-processes the sample to be tested and the system pathway environment. This avoids the influence of hydrogen, oxygen, water, etc., present in the original air in the system pathway on the measurement data.

[0156] Specifically, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a permeation measurement experiment, step S4 may include polishing the sample to be tested and removing air and moisture from the system environment.

[0157] It is important to understand that during a permeation measurement experiment, if the sides of the sample facing the front and rear spaces are not smooth and flat, the experimental gas will primarily permeate through the relatively concave areas on the corresponding sides of the sample. This will affect the accuracy of the measured experimental data.

[0158] The present invention ensures the flatness and smoothness of the test sample by pre-treating it by grinding and polishing it before assembling it into the permeation fixture 22, thereby ensuring that the experimental gas permeates the test sample uniformly.

[0159] When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S4 may include removing air and moisture from the system environment and performing activation pretreatment on the sample to be tested.

[0160] This invention activates and pre-treats the sample before the formal hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, which can clean the target material and open the hydrogen absorption and desorption channels, so that its performance reaches a stable and repeatable state. This accurately simulates the real service state of the exposed materials in the corresponding nuclear power plant reactor or building, ensuring the accuracy of experimental data and engineering reference value in the formal hydrogen absorption and desorption process.

[0161] Furthermore, in step S4, the step of removing air and moisture from the environment may specifically include: evacuating the system pathway through the vacuum line 14. Simultaneously or subsequently, the measurement module is baked using a heating furnace within the connected measurement module until the water and hydrogen signals detected by the mass spectrometer 171 return to background levels.

[0162] Specifically, the system pathway is evacuated via vacuum line 14, which may include sequentially activating the first mechanical pump 141 and the first molecular pump 142 of the common base module 10. When the pressure sensor in the pressure detection line indicates that the vacuum in the system pathway has dropped to the vacuum environment required for the mass spectrometer 171 to operate (e.g., 10⁻⁶), the system will be evacuated. -3 After Pa), turn on the mass spectrometer 171. When the nitrogen to oxygen ratio detected by the mass spectrometer 171 is within 4:1, it indicates an air leak in the system passage, and the airtightness of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system 1 needs to be rechecked. When the nitrogen to oxygen ratio is not within 4:1, bake the system passage to remove the water vapor adsorbed on the system passage wall.

[0163] Specifically, the baking of the system pathways can be achieved through a pipe heating structure installed on the pipes and a heating furnace for the corresponding measurement modules.

[0164] It should be noted that the degree of baking in the system passages can be specifically achieved through a pressure sensor on the pressure sensing line. When the pressure sensor detects a vacuum drop in the system passages to 10... -4 Baking can be stopped when the water signal detected by mass spectrometer 171 drops to the background level. Alternatively, the degree of baking can also be controlled by the baking time, such as baking at 150°C to 200°C for about 5 hours.

[0165] It should be noted that the vacuum level corresponding to turning on the mass spectrometer 171 and the vacuum level corresponding to stopping the baking can be flexibly set based on experimental requirements and the operating vacuum requirements of the mass spectrometer 171.

[0166] The following sections will further explain the application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system through specific permeation measurement experiments, hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments, and heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments.

[0167] like Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a permeation measurement experiment, step S1 may include: step S1', selecting the first measurement module 20 to connect to the common basic module 10 to build a system path.

[0168] Step S4 may include: Step S41': Prepare the sample to be tested to the target size.

[0169] Specifically, in step S41', the target size may include the diameter and thickness of the sample to be tested. The diameter of the sample to be tested may be adapted to the size of the permeation fixture 22.

[0170] In some embodiments, the thickness of the sample to be tested may be greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, specifically 0.35 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.75 mm, or any other value within that range.

[0171] This invention ensures that the permeation time meets experimental requirements by controlling the thickness of the sample to be tested. The mass spectrometer 171 can accurately capture the curve changes of the permeation data while the overall permeation time is not too long, thus ensuring experimental efficiency.

[0172] Step S42': Grind and polish the sample to be tested, and assemble it into the permeation fixture 22.

[0173] Specifically, the sample to be tested is polished, specifically the two opposite sides of the sample facing the front and rear spaces, to ensure that the two sides are smooth and parallel, thereby ensuring the uniformity of gas permeation during the experiment.

[0174] Step S43': Remove air and moisture from the system pathway.

[0175] In some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a permeation measurement experiment, step S2 of the permeation measurement experiment may include: Step S21': Heat the system circuit to the first experimental temperature and keep it at that temperature for a first duration.

[0176] By incorporating a heat preservation step, this invention ensures that the ambient temperature of the system pathway is sufficiently stable at the operating temperature required for the experiment, thereby ensuring environmental stability during the experimental measurement process and further improving the accuracy of the measured data.

[0177] It should be noted that the first experimental temperature and the first duration can be flexibly selected based on the specific needs of the permeation measurement experiment, and no specific limitations are made here.

[0178] Of course, this initial holding time can be flexibly set based on the signal from the mass spectrometer 171. After holding at this temperature for a certain period, the mass spectrometer 171 can be turned on to observe the target signal required for the experiment. When the target signal is unstable, the temperature can be further adjusted. Once the background of the target signal reaches a stable level, the holding time can be completed.

[0179] Step S22': Isolate the common base module 10 from the first measurement module 20, and inject experimental gas into the common base module 10 to control the pressure to stabilize at the target pressure.

[0180] The pressure detection of the common basic module 10 can be specifically achieved through the pressure detection component of the pressure detection pipeline used in this experiment.

[0181] It should be noted that the target pressure can be understood as the pressure required to be reached by the common base module 10, and its value can be slightly greater than the experimental operating pressure required at the front end of the sample during the permeation process. When the common base module 10 is reconnected to the first measurement module 20, some gas enters the first measurement module 20, resulting in a certain pressure drop in the system path. This pressure drop value can be verified experimentally.

[0182] Therefore, by setting the target pressure slightly higher than the experimental operating pressure, this invention can ensure that the front pressure of the sample under test can be maintained at the pressure value required by the experimental operating conditions during the permeation process, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0183] Step S23': Connect the common basic module 10 and the first measurement module 20 to allow the experimental gas to enter the front end space of the permeation fixture 22.

[0184] At this point, the experimental gas begins to gradually permeate the sample. The mass spectrometer 171 can then begin monitoring the corresponding signal, i.e., execute step S3', monitor the signal of the mass spectrometer 171, and stop data recording once the signal stabilizes, thus completing the measurement experiment.

[0185] like Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S1 may include: step S1'', selecting the second measurement module 30 to connect to the common basic module 10 to build a system path.

[0186] Step S4 includes: Step S41'': Place the sample to be tested in a crucible and place the crucible in the first reactor 32.

[0187] Step S42'': Remove air and moisture from the system pathway.

[0188] Step S43'': Repeat the experimental gas adsorption-desorption process at least three times to keep the sample in an activated state, so as to stabilize the surface state and lattice structure of the sample and make the subsequent hydrogen adsorption and desorption measurement data repeatable.

[0189] This invention utilizes an activation pretreatment process involving at least three adsorption-desorption steps to stabilize the crystal structure of the sample, thoroughly remove residual impurities, and make the subsequent hydrogen adsorption and desorption performance of the sample more stable and repeatable, thus ensuring the authenticity of subsequent measurement data.

[0190] It should be noted that the repeated experimental gas adsorption-desorption process in step S433'' can be referred to step S2 in the hydrogen adsorption-desorption measurement experiment, and will not be elaborated here. Among them, the heating temperature of the adsorption process corresponding to the adsorption-desorption process in the activation pretreatment stage can be higher than the second experimental temperature corresponding to the measurement stage in step S2, so as to break the inert layer on the surface of the material to be tested and put it into an activated state.

[0191] It should be noted that the specific activation temperature setting should achieve a state of lattice relaxation, grain boundary activation, and increased diffusion coefficient in the sample under test within the reactor, in order to simulate its actual service conditions in a nuclear power plant. Different activation temperatures are required for different samples under test, and no specific limit is set here.

[0192] In some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment, step S2 of the hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment may include: Step S21'': Heat the system circuit to the second experimental temperature and keep it at that temperature for a second duration.

[0193] Step S22'': Based on the mass of the sample to be tested and the theoretical saturated hydrogen absorption capacity, calculate the experimental gas pressure required for saturated hydrogen absorption, and inject the corresponding amount of experimental gas into the system pathway.

[0194] It should be noted that the saturated hydrogen absorption capacity can specifically refer to the amount of hydrogen gas absorbed by the sample under test, or it can refer to the amount of deuterium gas (hydrogen isotope gas) absorbed by the sample under test. It depends on the specific experimental gas used and is not specifically limited here.

[0195] It should be noted that the experimental gas pressure required for the sample to absorb hydrogen to saturation can be calculated using existing techniques, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0196] Step S23'': After the sample to be tested has reached adsorption equilibrium, the experimental gas in the system pathway is discharged.

[0197] It should be noted that whether the sample to be tested has reached adsorption equilibrium can be determined by whether the relevant data detected by the mass spectrometer 171 is stable.

[0198] Step S24'': Heat the system pathway to the third experimental temperature to desorb the hydrogen isotope gas adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

[0199] At this point, the hydrogen isotopes adsorbed by the sample during step S22'' gradually desorb. The desorption of hydrogen isotopes by the sample can be monitored by mass spectrometer 171, i.e., step S3'' is executed. The signal of mass spectrometer 171 is monitored. When the signal reaches a stable state, it indicates that the sample has completed desorption. At this point, data recording can be stopped, completing one hydrogen isotope gas adsorption-desorption process.

[0200] It should be noted that the third experimental temperature can be higher than the second experimental temperature to ensure the successful desorption of hydrogen isotopes. The specific experimental temperatures, durations, and durations can be flexibly adjusted based on the specific needs of the measurement experiment, and are not specifically limited here.

[0201] In some embodiments, the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment may further include step S5'', repeating steps S21'' to S3'' with different variables to obtain multiple sets of data under different operating conditions, so as to comprehensively analyze hydrogen isotope-related performance parameters such as hydrogen storage capacity, hydrogen solubility, and hydrogen absorption kinetics of reactor metal structural materials, thermal insulation materials, aerogel materials, and concrete samples to be tested, and provide comprehensive data support for reactor design and safety assessment.

[0202] like Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is a heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S1 may include: step S1''', selecting the second measurement module 30 to connect to the common basic module 10 to build a system path.

[0203] Step S2 may include: Step S21''': Place the sample to be tested and heavy water separately in the first reactor 32.

[0204] Specifically, please refer to the following: Figure 13 An open container containing heavy water can be placed in the same closed container as the sample to be tested, so that the sample to be tested can undergo the heavy water adsorption process in the closed container.

[0205] Step S22''': Heat the first reactor 32 to the fourth experimental temperature and keep it at that temperature for a third duration.

[0206] It should be noted that the fourth experimental temperature setting must ensure that the heavy water in the sealed container reaches a saturated vapor state to provide a constant heavy water atmosphere to the sample to be tested, which facilitates its adsorption.

[0207] Step S23''': Remove the heavy water from the first reactor 32 and place the sample to be tested after the heavy water has been adsorbed into the first reactor 32 independently.

[0208] Specifically, the sealed container can be removed as a whole first, the sample to be tested can be taken out from the sealed container, and then placed independently in the first reactor 32.

[0209] Step S24''': Remove air and moisture from the system pathway.

[0210] This invention, by setting step S24''' before the heavy water desorption step, can accurately remove the heavy water physically adsorbed on the surface of the material to be tested, retaining only the heavy water inside the sample to be tested, thus further ensuring the accuracy of the data measured during the desorption process.

[0211] It should be noted that the specific steps of step S24 can be referred to in the corresponding operation steps of step S4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0212] Step S25''': The first reactor 32 is heated to the fifth experimental temperature to desorb the heavy water adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

[0213] At this point, the heavy water adsorbed by the sample during step S22''' gradually desorbs. The desorption of heavy water by the sample can be monitored by mass spectrometer 171, i.e., step S3''' is executed. The signal of mass spectrometer 171 is monitored, and when the signal reaches a stable state, it indicates that the sample has completed desorption. Data recording can then be stopped, completing one heavy water adsorption-desorption process.

[0214] It should be noted that the fifth experimental temperature can be higher than the fourth experimental temperature to ensure successful desorption of heavy water. The fourth and fifth experimental temperatures, as well as the third experimental duration, can be flexibly set based on the heavy water adsorption of the sample to be tested, and no specific limitations are made here.

[0215] In some embodiments, the heavy water absorption and release measurement experiment may also include step S5''', repeating steps S21''' to S3''' with different variables to obtain multiple sets of data under different operating conditions, so as to comprehensively analyze the impact of the test samples of porous materials such as reactor insulation materials, aerogel materials, and concrete on the retention of tritized water generated in the reactor, and provide comprehensive data support for reactor design and safety assessment.

[0216] It should be noted that these different variables may include experimental temperature, heating rate, etc., but are not specifically limited here.

[0217] Understandably, the above-mentioned technical features can be used in any combination without restriction.

[0218] The above embodiments merely illustrate specific implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can freely combine the above technical features without departing from the concept of the present invention, and can also make several modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made with respect to the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system, characterized in that, include: At least two measurement modules are used to perform different hydrogen isotope measurement experiments, said at least two measurement modules including a first measurement module (20) for performing a permeation measurement experiment, and a second measurement module (30) for performing a heavy water absorption / desorption measurement experiment and / or a hydrogen absorption / desorption measurement experiment; and The common basic module (10) includes: The gas injection pipe (11) is connected to the first measurement module (20) and the second measurement module (30) respectively; At least one vacuum line (14); the vacuum line (14) is connected to the gas injection line (11); The detection and analysis pipeline (17) is connected to the first measurement module (20) and the second measurement module (30), respectively.

2. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The common basic module (10) also includes at least one pressure detection pipeline; the gas injection pipeline (11) is connected to the at least one pressure detection pipeline.

3. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The common basic module (10) includes at least two pressure detection lines, which are arranged in parallel. Each pressure detection line includes a pressure detection element, and at least some of the pressure detection elements have different ranges to cover a measurement range from vacuum to high pressure.

4. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The at least two pressure detection lines include at least two of the following: a first pressure detection element (1311) for detecting the system vacuum, a second pressure detection element (1321) for measuring pressure within a first pressure range, and a third pressure detection element (1331) for measuring pressure within a second pressure range. Wherein, the values ​​in the first pressure range are at least partially smaller than the values ​​in the second pressure range.

5. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The common basic module (10) also includes at least one pressure stabilizing pipeline (12), which includes a pressure stabilizing tank (121) connected to the gas injection pipeline (11).

6. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, At least a portion of the pipe connecting the first measuring module (20) and the common base module (10) is in a spiral bend or corrugated shape; and / or At least a portion of the pipe connecting the first measurement module (20) and the detection and analysis pipeline (17) is in a bolted or corrugated shape.

7. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system is equipped with a pipe heating structure and an insulation layer on its pipes.

8. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The gas injection pipeline (11) includes multiple parallel gas inlet branches, and each gas inlet branch is equipped with a mass flow controller.

9. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first measurement module (20) includes a first heating furnace (21) and a permeation fixture (22) for holding the sample to be tested; and / or The second measurement module (30) includes a second heating furnace (31) and a first reactor (32) disposed within the second heating furnace (31).

10. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The second measurement module (30) includes a second heating furnace (31) and a first reactor (32) disposed in the second heating furnace (31); the first reactor (32) includes a quartz tube, a cover and a thermocouple; the thermocouple is disposed on the cover and the measuring end extends into the quartz tube for measuring the sample temperature.

11. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a third measurement module (40) for conducting hydrogen absorption and / or heavy water ...

12. The reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The third measuring module (40) also includes a lifting mechanism (43); the third heating furnace (41) is mounted on the lifting mechanism (43) and can be lifted to accommodate or detach from the second reactor (42).

13. A method for applying a reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system, wherein the system is applied to the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system includes: Step S1: Based on the type of hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed, connect the corresponding measurement module to the common basic module (10) to construct the system pathway; Step S2: Establish measurement conditions for the constructed system pathway; Step S3: Monitor the signal through the detection and analysis pipeline (17) to obtain measurement data.

14. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second measurement module (30) includes a first reactor (32); The hydrogen isotope measurement experiments include permeation measurement experiments, hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiments, and heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiments. When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S2 includes: heating to a first experimental temperature and injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the front end space of the sample to be tested in the common basic module (10) and the first measurement module (20); When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: heating to a second experimental temperature, injecting a predetermined amount of experimental gas into the common base module (10) and the second measurement module (30); disconnecting the common base module (10) from the second measurement module (30), and heating to a third experimental temperature; When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: placing heavy water and the sample to be tested alternately in the first reactor (32) and heating it to the fourth experimental temperature; taking out the heavy water from the first reactor (32) and heating it to the fifth experimental temperature.

15. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment or the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S4 is further included between step S1 and step S2: pre-processing the sample to be tested and the system pathway.

16. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 15, characterized in that, When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S4 includes: polishing the sample to be tested and removing air and moisture from the system pathway; When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S4 includes: removing air and moisture from the system pathway and performing activation pretreatment on the sample to be tested.

17. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 16, characterized in that, Each of the measurement modules includes a heating furnace; The step of removing air and moisture from the system passage includes: The system passage is evacuated through the vacuum line (14); During or after vacuuming, the measuring module is baked in the heating furnace until the water and hydrogen signals detected by the detection and analysis pipeline (17) drop to the background level.

18. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first measurement module (20) includes a permeation fixture (22) for holding the sample to be tested; when the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S4 includes: The sample to be tested is prepared to the target size; The sample to be tested is ground and polished, and then assembled into the permeation fixture (22). Remove air and moisture from the system pathway.

19. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The target dimensions include the diameter and thickness of the sample to be tested; the diameter is adapted to the size of the permeation fixture (22), and the thickness is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm.

20. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The step of activating and pretreating the sample to be tested includes: repeating the experimental gas adsorption-desorption process at least three times to keep the sample to be tested in an activated state, so as to stabilize the surface state and crystal structure of the sample to be tested and make the subsequent hydrogen adsorption and desorption measurement data repeatable.

21. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the permeation measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The system circuit is heated to a first experimental temperature and kept at that temperature for a first duration; The common base module (10) is isolated from the first measurement module (20), and experimental gas is injected into the common base module (10) to control the pressure to stabilize at the target pressure; Connect the common basic module (10) to the first measurement module (20) so that the experimental gas enters the front end space of the permeation fixture (22).

22. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the hydrogen absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The system circuit is heated to a second experimental temperature and held at that temperature for a second duration. Based on the mass of the sample to be tested and its theoretical saturated hydrogen absorption capacity, calculate the experimental gas pressure required for its saturated hydrogen absorption, and inject the corresponding amount of experimental gas into the system passage. After the sample to be tested has reached adsorption equilibrium, the experimental gas in the system pathway is discharged. The system pathway is heated to a third experimental temperature to desorb the hydrogen isotope gas adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

23. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the hydrogen isotope measurement experiment to be performed is the heavy water absorption and desorption measurement experiment, step S2 includes: The sample to be tested and heavy water are placed alternately in the first reactor (32); The first reactor (32) was heated to the fourth experimental temperature and kept at that temperature for a third time. Remove the heavy water from the first reactor (32) and place the sample to be tested after the heavy water has been adsorbed into the first reactor (32) independently; The first reactor (32) is heated to the fifth experimental temperature to desorb the heavy water adsorbed in the sample to be tested.

24. The application method of the reactor hydrogen isotope measurement system according to claim 23, characterized in that, Before heating the first reactor (32) to the fifth experimental temperature to desorb the heavy water adsorbed in the sample to be tested, step S2 further includes: removing air and moisture from the system pathway.

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