A non-sealed super capacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions

Abstract

The application discloses a non-sealed super capacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions, comprising a box body, super capacitor cells, an upper mounting plate, a lower mounting plate, heat dissipation holes, temperature sensing optical fibers, a flow blocking curtain and a gas supply gas path. The flow blocking curtain comprises a bottom plate, an upper plate, a flexible layer, a flexible sleeve and a fire extinguishing rope arranged around, and the upper mounting plate is provided with a fire extinguishing sticker. The gas path comprises a gas pump, a gas guide hard pipe and a gas guide soft pipe, and the upper end of the flexible sleeve is provided with a one-way gas control assembly. Under normal conditions, the flow blocking curtain is retracted, and the heat dissipation holes normally dissipate heat; when high temperature is monitored, the gas pump supplies low-pressure gas to lift the flow blocking curtain to form a semi-closed oxygen isolation area, and the fire extinguishing sticker and the fire extinguishing rope cooperate to suppress fire; after continuous pressurization, the one-way gas control assembly is turned on, and gas flow is introduced into the upper plate to realize heat dissipation in a closed environment. The application has the advantages that the module can consider normal heat dissipation and oxygen isolation and fire extinguishing of fire conditions, hierarchical gas supply realizes auxiliary cooling of a closed space, is resistant to high temperature, and is suitable for long-term charging and discharging of high-power capacitors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of capacitor technology, specifically relating to a non-sealed supercapacitor module that combines heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions. Background Technology

[0002] Supercapacitors (also known as electric double-layer capacitors) are a new type of energy storage device that lies between traditional physical capacitors and electrochemical rechargeable batteries. They achieve reversible energy storage by relying on the double electric layer at the electrode interface. There is no chemical reaction during the charging and discharging process. They have outstanding advantages such as high power density, millisecond-level fast charging and discharging, ultra-long cycle life of millions of cycles, and wide temperature range operation. They are now widely used in scenarios such as rail transit startup, industrial and commercial energy storage, construction machinery start-stop, and new energy grid connection and frequency regulation.

[0003] A supercapacitor module consists of multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series and parallel and integrated inside a housing. Under high-rate continuous charging and discharging conditions, each cell continuously generates Joule heat. This heat accumulation can cause the electrolyte inside the cell to evaporate, internal pressure to rise, and in extreme cases, thermal runaway, electrolyte leakage, or even fire. Therefore, module thermal management and fire safety design are crucial for ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment. Currently, supercapacitor module housings in the industry are mainly divided into two types: fully sealed and open-type. Both types have inherent technical shortcomings in terms of heat dissipation and fire prevention. Firstly, the enclosed supercapacitor module is completely sealed, with the casing relying solely on solid heat-conducting structures such as heat-conducting plates and built-in liquid cooling plates to transfer heat outwards. This results in poor air circulation inside the module, causing heat to easily accumulate between individual cells during high-load operation. Consequently, the overall temperature rise of the module is large, and temperature uniformity is poor. Prolonged high temperatures will accelerate cell aging and shorten its lifespan. While incorporating passive fire extinguishing components such as fire extinguishing pads or ropes can retain extinguishing agents and suppress fires within the sealed space, it cannot solve the fundamental problem of insufficient heat dissipation under normal conditions. This makes it only suitable for low-power intermittent operation scenarios and unsuitable for the demands of high-power continuous charging and discharging.

[0004] Secondly, the non-sealed supercapacitor module has numerous ventilation holes on its side walls, allowing direct convection heat exchange between the inside of the module and the outside atmosphere. This results in high heat dissipation efficiency under normal conditions, effectively preventing internal heat buildup and making it suitable for continuous high-power operation scenarios such as computer rooms and clean energy storage chambers. However, this structure has an insurmountable fire safety defect: existing non-sealed modules rely solely on natural ventilation through the ventilation holes. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway and catches fire due to overvoltage or short circuit, external oxygen will continuously flow into the module through the ventilation holes, continuously fueling combustion. Even if passive fire extinguishing components such as perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing pads and fire ropes are pre-installed inside the module, the extinguishing agent will quickly diffuse and dilute outward from the ventilation holes after release, failing to maintain an effective extinguishing concentration in the fire area. This results in slow fire extinguishing action, a high risk of reignition, and the fire can easily spread rapidly to all surrounding cells, posing a significant equipment safety hazard.

[0005] Patent publication number CN104752066A discloses a closed supercapacitor module with an insulating heat-conducting sheet for heat dissipation, which relies on the protective plate and the heat-conducting sheet to achieve heat conduction buffering of individual cells. However, it can only slightly reduce local friction loss and cannot improve the problem of heat stagnation of air inside the closed enclosure, resulting in significant heat dissipation defects under high-power conditions.

[0006] Patent publication number CN120565299A discloses a wind-cooled supercapacitor energy storage pack, which improves heat exchange uniformity through staggered thermal conductive fins and a vacuum pump, but keeps the box open for convection throughout the process and does not have an airflow isolation structure in case of fire, completely failing to take into account the needs of fire suppression.

[0007] To balance heat dissipation and fire prevention requirements, some existing solutions attempt to add independent fire extinguishing chambers and external gas fire extinguishing pipelines inside the modules. However, such fire extinguishing chambers and heat dissipation ducts are independent of each other, resulting in complex cabinet structures, large volume, and high assembly costs. Moreover, the fire extinguishing system and the heat dissipation system lack linkage control logic, and can only collect the surface temperature of a few individual units. It is impossible to fully cover and monitor the real-time temperature of every capacitor unit and fire extinguishing component, resulting in a large temperature measurement blind zone, making it difficult to predict the risk of high-temperature fire in time, and causing a delay in early warning.

[0008] Meanwhile, when the module detects a high temperature in a single unit but no fire, the conventional solution has only two extreme options: one is to completely seal the enclosure to isolate oxygen, but this blocks the internal heat dissipation channels, and the high temperature continues to accumulate, accelerating thermal runaway; the other is to completely open the heat dissipation holes for continuous ventilation, but this will result in the loss of fire protection capabilities. The two cannot be balanced, and the industry pain point of "continuous heat dissipation and fireproof isolation conditions must be reserved during the high temperature but no fire stage" cannot be solved.

[0009] In summary, existing non-sealed supercapacitor modules cannot simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as efficient convection heat dissipation under normal conditions, automatic oxygen isolation during high-temperature warnings, long-term fire suppression, and active cooling in semi-sealed environments at high temperatures. There is an irreconcilable structural contradiction between heat dissipation requirements and fire safety protection, making it difficult to balance equipment operational reliability and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The problem that this invention aims to solve is that current supercapacitor modules lack a device that can simultaneously meet heat dissipation requirements and fire safety protection.

[0011] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means: A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions includes a housing and a supercapacitor assembly disposed inside the housing. The supercapacitor assembly includes an upper mounting plate and a lower mounting plate arranged opposite each other, and a plurality of supercapacitor cells located between the upper and lower mounting plates. The side wall of the housing is provided with heat dissipation holes. A plurality of fire extinguishing stickers are fixedly arranged on the inner top surface of the upper mounting plate, and each fire extinguishing sticker is distributed in the gap between adjacent supercapacitor cells. A temperature-sensing optical fiber and a flow-blocking curtain are also laid between the upper and lower mounting plates. The temperature-sensing optical fiber is in contact with the side wall of the supercapacitor cell and the lower end of the fire extinguishing patch. The flow-blocking curtain is located on the periphery of the upper and lower mounting plates, surrounding all the supercapacitor cells. An air pump is also fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box. One end of the air pump is connected to the flow-blocking curtain through a flexible air guide tube, and the other end extends to the heat dissipation hole through a rigid air guide tube.

[0012] It integrates heat dissipation holes for natural ventilation, multi-point fire extinguishing pads, full-area contact temperature-sensing optical fibers, a flow-blocking curtain that can surround individual capacitors, and an air pump-linked ventilation structure. Under normal conditions, it relies on heat dissipation holes to achieve efficient non-sealed heat dissipation. At high temperatures, the flow-blocking curtain can be driven by an air pump to form a semi-enclosed space, taking into account both the two core needs of heat dissipation and ventilation and oxygen isolation and fire extinguishing. It solves the key contradiction that existing non-sealed modules cannot be compatible in terms of heat dissipation and fire prevention, and the overall structure has a high degree of integration.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of guide posts are fixed at the upper end of the lower mounting plate, and each guide post is located between two adjacent rows of supercapacitor cells; the temperature-sensing optical fiber is wound around the outer wall of the guide post and is attached to the guide post.

[0014] Adding guide columns to limit and support the temperature-sensing optical fiber ensures that the fiber is laid close to the side wall of each row of supercapacitor cells, avoiding blind spots caused by fiber suspension or displacement; enabling synchronous and accurate temperature measurement of all cells, timely detection of local abnormal temperature rises in cells, and improving the timeliness of high temperature warnings and the reliability of temperature measurement.

[0015] Preferably, the flow-blocking curtain includes a base plate, an upper plate, and a flexible layer connecting the base plate and the upper plate; multiple limiting rods are fixed at the upper end of the base plate, and the upper ends of the limiting rods slide through the upper plate.

[0016] The structure of the bottom plate, top plate, flexible layer and limiting rod of the flow barrier curtain is limited. The limiting rod guides and limits the lifting and lowering of the top plate, ensuring that the flow barrier curtain can be inflated and expanded and deflated smoothly and regularly. This prevents the flexible layer from tilting or wrinkling and blocking the capacitor or heat dissipation channel, and improves the stability of the flow barrier curtain's opening and closing action.

[0017] Preferably, a number of fire extinguishing ropes are fixedly arranged on the inner sidewall of the flexible layer.

[0018] Preferably, the base plate is detachably fixed to the lower mounting plate by bolts, and the top end of the limiting rod abuts against the lower surface of the upper mounting plate.

[0019] The base plate is bolted to the lower mounting plate for easy installation. The entire flow barrier curtain can be disassembled and installed separately, which facilitates later maintenance and replacement of internal supercapacitor units and fire extinguishing ropes. The top of the limit rod abuts against the upper mounting plate to limit the maximum upward stroke of the upper plate, avoid excessive inflation and stretching of the flexible layer, and extend the service life of the flow barrier curtain.

[0020] Preferably, an upper air chamber is formed inside the upper plate, and the upper air chamber is connected to a straight pipe through a third through hole; a fourth through hole is formed on the side wall of the upper air chamber, which communicates with the internal space of the box.

[0021] An upper air chamber and a fourth through hole connecting the inside of the box are set inside the upper plate, providing an independent airflow channel for active ventilation in semi-enclosed working conditions; the gas can be evenly distributed into the module through the upper air chamber, realizing uniform heat dissipation throughout the sealed environment without opening the baffle curtain and destroying the fireproof isolation conditions.

[0022] Preferably, multiple flexible sleeves are provided between the base plate and the upper plate; a lower air chamber is opened inside the base plate, and multiple first through holes are opened on the upper inner wall of the lower air chamber, and second through holes are opened on the side wall; the lower air chamber is connected to each flexible sleeve through the first through holes and connected to the air guiding hose through the second through holes.

[0023] The base plate has a built-in lower air chamber and distributes airflow to each flexible sleeve through multiple sets of first through holes. When inflated, each sleeve expands synchronously and evenly, and the flow-blocking curtain unfolds synchronously without any local bulges. The lower air chamber is equipped with a separate second through hole to connect to the air guide hose. The air path layout is neat, the airflow is stable, and the inflation response speed is consistent.

[0024] Preferably, a one-way gas control assembly is assembled between the upper end of the flexible sleeve and the upper plate.

[0025] Preferably, the one-way gas control assembly includes a straight pipe, and a mesh plate and an annular plate are provided inside the straight pipe from top to bottom; the lower end of the mesh plate is connected to a telescopic rod, the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixed with a plug ball, and a compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod; in the initial state, the plug ball blocks the central through hole of the annular plate under the action of the compression spring.

[0026] Preferably, the two ends of the temperature-sensing optical fiber are connected to the temperature measuring host and the reflector, respectively, and the temperature measuring host and the reflector are both fixed to the inner wall of the box.

[0027] The advantages of this invention are: (1) Simultaneous heat dissipation and fire prevention: The cabinet has built-in heat dissipation holes to achieve efficient heat dissipation through open convection under normal conditions; when a high temperature is detected in a single unit, the air pump drives the baffle curtain to open and form a semi-closed oxygen-isolated space to inhibit the continuous combustion of oxygen and ensure the concentration of extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing pads and fire extinguishing ropes; when the high temperature does not ignite, the semi-closed environment can be maintained to simultaneously exchange and cool the interior without opening the baffle curtain, taking into account both heat dissipation and fire protection, breaking the contradiction of traditional non-sealed modules that "ventilation easily promotes combustion and sealing easily accumulates heat"; (2) Accurate temperature measurement without blind spots, and more reliable early warning judgment: The temperature sensing fiber is attached to all supercapacitor cells and fire extinguishing pads, and the guide column is used for neat wiring. It is combined with the temperature measuring host and reflector to form a complete temperature measuring system. It can simultaneously collect two types of data: capacitor heating and fire extinguishing component temperature. It can accurately distinguish between ordinary high temperature and fire hazard, and provide an accurate data basis for the linkage control of the flow curtain and air pump. Compared with single-point thermocouple temperature measurement, it has more comprehensive coverage and more timely early warning. (3) Double-layer fire extinguishing layout: Fire extinguishing stickers are distributed on the upper mounting plate, and fire extinguishing ropes are arranged around the inner side of the flexible layer of the flow barrier curtain. The supercapacitor unit is wrapped in all directions above, below and around. In the early stage of the fire, the two release fire extinguishing agents simultaneously, and the fire extinguishing agent is retained in the semi-enclosed space to quickly extinguish the open flame of the initial thermal runaway, greatly reducing the risk of fire spread and reignition, and significantly improving the fire safety level. (4) Simple, stable and easy to maintain: The baffle curtain is equipped with a lower air chamber, a flexible sleeve, a one-way air control component, and an upper air chamber with multiple air paths. It can complete two actions of the baffle curtain contraction or expansion for oxygen isolation and active ventilation and heat dissipation in a semi-enclosed environment by a single air pump. The one-way air control component is a passive mechanical structure that is resistant to high temperature and not prone to failure. The baffle curtain is installed with bolts that can be removed, which is convenient for later maintenance and replacement of capacitors and fire extinguishing consumables, and the assembly and maintenance costs are lower. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The overall three-dimensional representation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional representation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a partial top surface structure diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional representation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the flow-blocking curtain in the retracted state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial side view of the flow-blocking curtain in the retracted state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a partial perspective view of the box body according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the flow-blocking curtain of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is deployed; Figure 10 The overall three-dimensional representation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 11This is a perspective view of the flow-blocking curtain in the retracted state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a partial side view of the flow-blocking curtain in the retracted state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a partial side view of the flow-blocking curtain in the unfolded state according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 14 This is a perspective view of the flow-blocking curtain in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during active heat dissipation; Figure 15 This is a partial side view of the flow-blocking curtain in Embodiment 2 of the present invention during active heat dissipation.

[0029] In the picture: 1. Box body; 2. Supercapacitor bank; 21. Supercapacitor cell; 22. Upper mounting plate; 23. Lower mounting plate; 3. Heat dissipation holes; 4. Fire extinguishing stickers; 5. Guide pillars; 6. Temperature-sensing optical fiber; 7. Flow barrier curtain; 71. Base plate; 7101. Lower air chamber; 72. Upper plate; 7201. Upper air chamber; 73. Flexible layer; 74. Limiting rod; 75. Flexible sleeve; 76. Fire extinguishing rope; 77. Bolt; 78. One-way gas control assembly; 7801. Straight pipe; 7802. Ring plate; 7803. Mesh plate; 7804. Blocking ball; 7805. Compression spring; 8. Air delivery hose; 9. Air pump; 10. Air delivery tube. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1: This invention provides a non-sealed supercapacitor module that combines heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions. (See attached document.) Figures 1-2The invention includes a housing 1 and a supercapacitor array 2 fixedly installed inside the housing 1. The supercapacitor array 2 includes an upper mounting plate 22 and a lower mounting plate 23 arranged vertically. Multiple supercapacitor cells 21 are fixedly connected between the upper mounting plate 22 and the lower mounting plate 23. The side of the housing 1 has multiple heat dissipation holes 3 communicating with the outside. By setting the heat dissipation holes 3, the heat generated by the supercapacitor cells 21 during operation can be fully dissipated into the outside air, making it less likely to accumulate inside the housing 1, effectively reducing the possibility of thermal runaway of the supercapacitor cells 21. Because the housing 1 adopts a non-sealed design, the invention is suitable for scenarios with good environmental conditions, controllable temperature and humidity, and low risk of pollutants and moisture, such as computer rooms.

[0032] See Figures 2-12 The supercapacitor cells 21 are the basic energy storage units of the equipment, arranged in a matrix between the upper mounting plate 22 and the lower mounting plate 23 and clamped and fixed by them. Gaps are left between each supercapacitor cell 21, within which fire extinguishing pads 4, fire extinguishing ropes 76, and temperature-sensing optical fibers 6 are arranged. The temperature-sensing optical fibers 6 are closely attached to the sidewalls of the supercapacitor cells 21, working with guide columns 5 to achieve full-coverage temperature measurement and real-time monitoring of cell temperature rise. All supercapacitor cells 21 are surrounded by U-shaped flow-blocking curtains 7; under normal conditions, the flow-blocking curtains 7 retract, and the heat dissipation holes 3 of the housing 1 create convection to dissipate heat from the supercapacitor cells 21; when the temperature exceeds the limit, the air pump 9 supplies air to expand the flow-blocking curtains 7, forming a semi-enclosed space, isolating oxygen, and working with the fire extinguishing pads 4 and fire extinguishing ropes 76 to suppress fire.

[0033] See Figures 2-3 The upper mounting plate 22 is positioned above the supercapacitor cell 21 and aligns with the lower mounting plate 23 below, clamping and limiting the multiple sets of supercapacitor cells 21 arranged between them, thus constraining the vertical displacement of the supercapacitor cells 21 and improving the overall assembly stability. Several evenly distributed fire extinguishing pads 4 are fixed downwards on the inner top surface of the upper mounting plate 22. Each fire extinguishing pad 4 is positioned directly above the gap between adjacent supercapacitor cells 21. In the event of thermal runaway and fire in the lower supercapacitor cell 21, the fire extinguishing pad 4 can quickly release extinguishing agent to cover the capacitor area. A temperature-sensing optical fiber 6, positioned between the upper mounting plate 22 and the lower mounting plate 23, is closely attached to the lower end of the fire extinguishing pad 4, enabling simultaneous acquisition of temperature data from both the fire extinguishing pad 4 and the supercapacitor cells 21, achieving dual temperature monitoring.

[0034] See Figures 2-6The lower mounting plate 23 is positioned at the bottom of the supercapacitor cell 21, corresponding to the upper mounting plate 22 above it. It supports all the matrix-arranged supercapacitor cells 21 from the bottom and, together with the upper mounting plate 22, limits and fixes the supercapacitor cells 21 vertically, preventing them from shifting during operation. Multiple guide posts 5 are fixed to the upper surface of the lower mounting plate 23. These guide posts 5 are distributed in the gaps between adjacent rows of supercapacitor cells 21, supporting and regulating the laying path of the temperature-sensing optical fiber 6, ensuring that the temperature-sensing optical fiber 6 fits tightly against the sidewall of the supercapacitor cell 21, eliminating temperature measurement blind spots. The base plate 71 of the flow-blocking curtain 7 is detachably locked to the lower mounting plate 23 by bolts 77, allowing the entire flow-blocking curtain 7 to be positioned and installed using the lower mounting plate 23. The internal limiting rod 74 of the flow-blocking curtain 7 is fixed downwards to the base plate 71 and extends upwards to abut against the upper mounting plate 22. The lower mounting plate 23 provides the bottom mounting reference for the overall structure of the flow-blocking curtain 7.

[0035] See Figures 1-8 The heat dissipation holes 3 are located on the side wall of the housing 1, penetrating the wall surface and directly connecting the internal cavity of the housing 1 with the outside atmosphere. They serve as channels for air convection heat exchange under normal operating conditions. Multiple sets of heat dissipation holes 3 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the housing 1. During normal operation, external cold air flows into the housing 1 through the heat dissipation holes 3, carrying away the heat generated by the supercapacitor cells 21. The hot air is then discharged outward through the heat dissipation holes 3, continuously reducing the heat accumulation inside the housing 1, which is suitable for high-power continuous charging and discharging scenarios. The end of the air guide tube 10 extends to one of the heat dissipation holes 3. The air pump 9 can draw in outside air through the heat dissipation hole 3 and send it into the baffle curtain 7. When the baffle curtain 7 is inflated and unfolded to form a semi-enclosed protective zone, the airflow path of the heat dissipation holes 3 is significantly blocked, reducing the continuous entry of external oxygen into the housing 1 and preventing the fire from escalating. In the semi-enclosed active cooling mode, the hot air inside the housing 1 can still be slowly discharged outward through the heat dissipation holes 3, achieving auxiliary cooling under the premise of oxygen isolation.

[0036] See Figures 3-8Several fire extinguishing patches 4 are evenly fixed to the inner top surface of the upper mounting plate 22. Each fire extinguishing patch 4 is arranged one-to-one above the gap between adjacent supercapacitor cells 21, vertically aligned with the supercapacitor cell 21 below, forming an upper fire extinguishing protective layer. The fire extinguishing patch 4 contains perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent (or other extinguishing agents with similar functions) and has thermal triggering self-starting characteristics. When the supercapacitor cell 21 below experiences thermal runaway and heats up or produces an open flame, the high temperature will directly damage the surface film of the fire extinguishing patch 4, and the internal extinguishing agent will be rapidly released, quickly absorbing heat and cooling down while isolating oxygen, extinguishing the initial fire in the cell. The lower end of the fire extinguishing patch 4 is in direct contact with the temperature-sensing optical fiber 6. The temperature-sensing optical fiber 6 can simultaneously collect the temperature around the fire extinguishing patch 4, distinguishing between simple high temperature and fire conditions by temperature changes, providing temperature measurement basis for the air pump 9 to drive the flow curtain 7 to switch between ventilation and semi-enclosed modes. When the baffle curtain 7 is inflated and unfolds to form a semi-enclosed space, the air intake of the heat dissipation hole 3 is greatly reduced, the oxygen concentration inside the box 1 decreases, the extinguishing agent is not easy to leak out quickly with the airflow, and it can maintain an effective extinguishing concentration for a long time, giving full play to the fire suppression effect of the fire extinguishing patch 4.

[0037] See Figures 2-5 Multiple guide posts 5 are vertically fixed on the upper surface of the lower mounting plate 23, respectively positioned in the gaps between adjacent rows of supercapacitor cells 21, forming a neat array. The guide posts 5 are rigid columnar structures, primarily used to regulate and limit the laying path of the temperature-sensing optical fibers 6. The temperature-sensing optical fibers 6 are laid close to the outer wall of the guide posts 5, relying on the support of the guide posts 5 to ensure that the temperature-sensing optical fibers 6 are tightly attached to the sidewalls of each supercapacitor cell 21 throughout, preventing the fibers from being suspended or offset, thus avoiding temperature measurement blind spots and ensuring that the temperature of each supercapacitor cell 21 can be accurately collected. The guide posts 5 provide physical support and positioning constraints for the temperature-sensing optical fibers 6, preventing fiber displacement and detachment due to equipment vibration, improving the long-term stability of the distributed temperature measurement system, and enabling comprehensive temperature monitoring without blind spots, promptly capturing localized abnormal temperature rises in the supercapacitor cells 21.

[0038] See Figures 2-8The temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 6 is horizontally laid between the upper mounting plate 22 and the lower mounting plate 23, and is wrapped around the outside of each guide column 5, fully adhering to the side wall of the supercapacitor cell 21 and the lower end of the fire extinguishing patch 4, achieving full-area contact temperature measurement. The two ends of the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 6 are connected to the temperature measurement host and the reflector, respectively, both fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1, forming a distributed temperature measurement system. This system can simultaneously collect the operating temperature of the supercapacitor cell 21 and the ambient temperature around the fire extinguishing patch 4, using these two sets of temperature data to distinguish between ordinary high-temperature warnings and fire hazards. During normal operation, the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 6 monitors the temperature rise of each supercapacitor cell 21 in real time. When the monitored temperature reaches the preset high-temperature threshold, the control system starts the air pump 9 to inflate the baffle curtain 7, causing it to unfold and create a semi-enclosed space. If a sudden drop in temperature is detected at the location of the fire extinguishing patch 4, it is determined that a fire has occurred inside, and a fire warning signal is promptly output to the outside, providing reliable temperature data support for module heat dissipation and fire prevention mode switching.

[0039] See Figure 6 The flow-blocking curtain 7 has an overall U-shaped structure and is completely fitted on the outside of all supercapacitor cells 21. It includes a base plate 71, an upper plate 72, a flexible layer 73, a limiting rod 74, a flexible sleeve 75, and a fire extinguishing rope 76. The base plate 71 can be detachably installed on the lower mounting plate 23 by bolts 77.

[0040] See Figures 6-7 The base plate 71 serves as the bottom support for the flow-restricting curtain 7, and is fixedly installed above the lower mounting plate 23. It is detachably locked using multiple bolts 77, facilitating later disassembly and maintenance of the internal components of the flow-restricting curtain 7. Multiple limiting rods 74 are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 71, extending upwards through the upper plate 72 to guide and constrain the sliding motion of the upper plate 72. Multiple flexible sleeves 75 connect the base plate 71 and the upper plate 72. A sealed lower air chamber 7101 is formed inside the base plate 71; several first through holes (i.e., attached holes) are formed on the upper wall of the lower air chamber 7101. Figure 7 Mark a), each of the first through holes is connected to the bottom of the single flexible sleeve 75, and a second through hole (i.e., attached) is opened on the side wall of the lower air chamber 7101. Figure 7 Mark b) and connect it to the air hose 8.

[0041] See Figures 6-7 The upper plate 72 is arranged above the bottom plate 71, and the two are connected by a flexible layer 73 and a flexible sleeve 75. Multiple limiting rods 74 slide through the upper plate 72, and the top of the limiting rods 74 can abut against the lower surface of the upper mounting plate 22, thereby limiting the maximum upward movement of the upper plate 72 and preventing the flexible layer 73 from being excessively stretched and damaged when inflated.

[0042] See Figures 6-10The flexible layer 73 connects the sides of the base plate 71 and the upper plate 72, forming a U-shaped enclosure structure together with the base plate 71 and the upper plate 72, completely enclosing the outside of all supercapacitor cells 21. The flexible layer 73 is made of high-temperature resistant, airtight PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy) film material, which is in a wrinkled and folded state under normal conditions. When the flexible sleeve 75 is inflated and lifts the upper plate 72, the flexible layer 73 is stretched upward and unfolded, forming a semi-enclosed barrier, which significantly blocks the external oxygen flowing into the heat dissipation holes 3 and prevents the fire from continuing to spread. Multiple fire extinguishing ropes 76 are evenly fixed on the inner surface of the flexible layer 73. The fire extinguishing ropes 76 surround the supercapacitor cells 21 and, together with the fire extinguishing patch 4 on the top, form all-round fire extinguishing protection. Once the cell thermally runs away and catches fire, the fire extinguishing ropes 76 can release fire extinguishing agent when heated. The flexible layer 73 has good temperature resistance and tear resistance. The module is not easy to melt and break under high temperature environment. It can maintain a semi-enclosed isolation space for a long time, ensuring that the extinguishing agent retains a sufficient concentration in the local area and improving the extinguishing effect. After the air pump 9 depressurizes, the flexible layer 73 automatically wrinkles and shrinks due to its own material toughness, and restores the ventilation and heat dissipation state.

[0043] See Figures 6-10 Multiple limiting rods 74 are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 71. Each limiting rod 74 extends vertically upward and slides through the interior of the upper plate 72, forming a sliding fit structure with the upper plate 72. The limiting rods 74 serve two purposes: firstly, they guide and limit the lifting and lowering movement of the upper plate 72, ensuring that when the flexible sleeve 75 inflates and pushes the upper plate 72, the upper plate 72 can only move vertically upward, without lateral deviation or tilting, thus preventing unilateral stretching, deformation, and damage to the flexible layer 73; secondly, the top of the limiting rod 74 can abut against the lower surface of the upper mounting plate 22, thereby limiting the maximum upward stroke of the upper plate 72 and preventing excessive inflation that could overstretch and tear the flexible layer 73. The limiting rods 74 are made of a high-melting-point hard material, which is heat-resistant and has high structural strength. They are not easily bent or deformed under high-temperature operating conditions of the module, and can stably perform the guiding and stroke limiting functions for a long time, ensuring stable and reliable contraction and expansion of the flow-blocking curtain 7.

[0044] See Figures 6-10Multiple flexible sleeves 75 are vertically arranged between the base plate 71 and the upper plate 72, with their lower ends sealed and connected to the first through hole of the lower air chamber 7101 of the base plate 71. The entire sleeve is made of the same high-temperature resistant and airtight PFA material as the flexible layer 73. In the uninflated state, the flexible sleeves 75 naturally wrinkle and shrink, the upper plate 72 is in a low position, and the flexible layer 73 shrinks simultaneously, maintaining normal ventilation and heat dissipation inside the housing 1. When the air pump 9 introduces gas into the lower air chamber 7101 of the base plate 71, the airflow evenly enters the interior of each flexible sleeve 75, the sleeves inflate and elongate, and simultaneously push the upper plate 72 upward along the limiting rod 74, causing the flexible layer 73 to unfold and enclose the supercapacitor cell 21, forming a semi-enclosed oxygen-barrier space. The flexible sleeve 75 has the dual functions of sealing and guiding air and supporting lifting. The material has excellent airtightness, and there is no air leakage problem after inflation. It is also resistant to high temperature and fire extinguishing agent corrosion, and will not break down quickly in the high temperature environment of fire. All flexible sleeves 75 are air-intake and expand synchronously, which can ensure that the upper plate 72 is evenly stressed and does not tilt during the lifting process, avoiding local stress tearing of the flexible layer 73.

[0045] See Figures 6-10 The fire extinguishing ropes 76 consist of multiple strands, fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the flexible layer 73, and completely encircling all the supercapacitor cells 21. They work in conjunction with the fire extinguishing pads 4 positioned below the upper mounting plate 22 to form a comprehensive fire protection structure. The fire extinguishing ropes 76 are filled with perfluorohexanone (or other similar extinguishing agents), possessing heat-triggered release characteristics. When the surrounding supercapacitor cells 21 experience thermal runaway, localized high temperatures, or open flames, the high temperature will damage the outer coating of the fire extinguishing ropes 76, causing the internal extinguishing agent to rapidly vaporize and release, quickly absorbing heat, cooling the temperature, and isolating oxygen, thus suppressing the fire's spread. When the airflow barrier 7 is inflated and deployed, the flexible layer 73 forms a semi-enclosed enclosure, significantly reducing the airflow through the heat dissipation holes 3, decreasing the oxygen content inside the housing 1, and preventing the extinguishing agent from being lost with the airflow. The extinguishing agent released by the fire extinguishing ropes 76 can cover the supercapacitor cells 21 for a prolonged period, effectively reducing the risk of reignition. The fire extinguishing rope 76 retracts and expands synchronously with the flexible layer 73. When normally retracted, it does not occupy the ventilation space inside the box 1 and does not block the convection channel formed by the heat dissipation holes 3. Moreover, the fire extinguishing rope 76 is temperature resistant and corrosion resistant, and can adapt to the high temperature environment generated by the high-power charging and discharging of the module for a long time, so as to stably achieve all-around fire protection.

[0046] See Figures 6-10Bolts 77 are used to detachably lock and fix the base plate 71 of the flow barrier 7 to the lower mounting plate 23. Multiple bolts 77 are evenly distributed along the edge of the base plate 71. The base plate 71 and the lower mounting plate 23 have corresponding matching mounting through holes. After the bolts 77 pass through the two layers of plates, they are locked with nuts to achieve bottom positioning of the base plate 71, providing a stable installation reference for the entire flow barrier 7 components, such as the limit rod 74, flexible sleeve 75, and flexible layer 73. When it is necessary to inspect or replace the supercapacitor cell 21, fire extinguishing rope 76, or clean the gas circuit components, the bolts 77 can be directly removed to remove the entire flow barrier 7 from the lower mounting plate 23. The disassembly and assembly operation is convenient and reduces the difficulty of equipment maintenance.

[0047] See Figures 6-10 The air guide hose 8 connects to the air outlet of the air pump 9 and the second through hole on the side wall of the lower air chamber 7101 of the base plate 71 at both ends, serving as the airflow delivery channel between the air pump 9 and the flow barrier curtain 7. The air guide hose 8 is flexible and bendable, allowing wiring to be completed without interfering with the lifting and lowering of the flow barrier curtain 7, avoiding components such as the supercapacitor cell 21 and the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 6. The hose is made of high-temperature resistant, airtight rubber, ensuring good airtightness and no leakage during gas delivery. It is also resistant to the high operating temperature of the capacitor and the corrosion of extinguishing agent volatiles, and will not harden or crack after long-term use, ensuring stable airflow delivery. The pressurized airflow output by the air pump 9 is smoothly delivered into the lower air chamber 7101 through the air guide hose 8 and evenly distributed to each flexible sleeve 75, driving the flow barrier curtain 7 to unfold. During the depressurization phase, the airflow flows back to the air pump 9 along the air guide hose 8, causing the flexible sleeves 75 to contract and reset. The entire flow barrier curtain 7 is circulated and supplied with air through the air guide hose 8.

[0048] See Figures 6-10The air pump 9 is fixedly installed in the empty area inside the box 1. It is the power supply component for the inflation and deflation of the entire baffle curtain 7. The air outlet is connected to the lower air chamber 7101 of the bottom plate 71 through the air guide hose 8. The air inlet is connected to the air guide hard pipe 10. The end of the air guide hard pipe 10 extends to the heat dissipation hole 3 on the side wall of the box 1, and can draw room temperature air from outside the box as the air source. The air pump 9 has two working modes: positive pressure inflation and negative pressure extraction. Under high-temperature warning conditions, the air pump 9 operates in the forward direction to generate pressurized airflow. The air passes through the air guide tube 10, the air pump 9, and the air guide hose 8 in sequence into the lower air chamber 7101, and is distributed to each flexible sleeve 75 to expand and elongate, causing the flexible layer 73 to unfold and form a semi-enclosed oxygen-barrier enclosure. After the danger is eliminated, the air pump 9 operates in the reverse direction to generate negative pressure, extracting the gas from the flexible sleeve 75 and the lower air chamber 7101. The flexible sleeve 75 contracts, the flexible layer 73 folds and closes, and the module returns to open convection cooling. The air pump 9 uses a low-noise, high-temperature resistant, small pneumatic pump body, which is suitable for the high-temperature working environment inside the housing 1 and is not prone to failure during long-term continuous start-stop operation. The output air pressure is stable and controllable, which can smoothly drive the baffle curtain 7 to complete the lifting and lowering action, and can also accurately control the air exchange volume inside the semi-enclosed space. At the same time, its small size will not occupy the arrangement and heat dissipation space of the supercapacitor cells 21.

[0049] See Figures 6-10 One end of the rigid air duct 10 is connected to the air inlet port of the air pump 9, and the other end extends to the heat dissipation hole 3 on the side wall of the housing 1, providing an external air intake channel for the air pump 9. The rigid air duct 10 is made of rigid high-temperature resistant tubing, with a fixed overall shape that is not easily bent or deformed, which can stably limit the air intake path and prevent the pipe from bending and blocking the air intake; the pipe structure is sealed and leak-free, and can smoothly introduce ambient temperature air from outside the housing 1 into the air pump 9 through the heat dissipation hole 3, serving as the air source for charging and discharging the baffle curtain 7. Under normal ventilation conditions, the rigid air duct 10 only performs the function of gas extraction and does not interfere with the natural convection inside the housing 1; when the air pump 9 starts to supply air to the baffle curtain 7, the external air is sent into the air pump 9 through the heat dissipation hole 3 and the rigid air duct 10 for pressurization, and then delivered to the lower air chamber 7101 through the flexible air duct 8, driving the flexible sleeve 75 to lift the upper plate 72. The rigid tubing has good heat resistance and anti-aging properties. It will not soften or deform when exposed to the high temperature environment of the enclosure 1 for a long time. It can stably maintain the smooth air intake passage, ensuring that the air pump 9 can continuously and stably draw in outside air, and work with the entire air circuit to complete the functions of opening the baffle curtain 7 and internal air exchange.

[0050] Example 2: In the first embodiment, see [reference] Figures 6-15The addition of a one-way gas control component 78 and an upper air chamber 7201 further enables the combination of heat dissipation and fire extinguishing in this invention. The specific principle and settings are as follows: In the first embodiment, after the pre-sealing operation, within a set time T (e.g., within 30 minutes), if the data from the temperature-sensing fiber optic 6 indicates that the supercapacitor cell 21 has not caught fire, the gas inside the baffle curtain 7 is extracted, and the baffle curtain 7 is restored to its contracted state. Although this operation can restore the heat dissipation effect on the supercapacitor cell 21, there is also a certain risk. That is, when the baffle curtain 7 is restored to its contracted state, if the supercapacitor cell 21 suddenly catches fire due to high temperature, the open environment will not be conducive to the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing patch 4.

[0051] Based on the above issues, please refer to Figures 11-12 In this embodiment, a one-way air control assembly 78 is fixedly connected between the upper end of the flexible sleeve 75 and the upper plate 72, while the lower end of the flexible sleeve 75 remains fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 71. The one-way air control assembly 78 is installed at the communication position between the upper end of each flexible sleeve 75 and the upper air chamber 7201 of the upper plate 72, forming a pressure-type one-way valve structure. During the low-pressure inflation stage, the passage of the upper air chamber 7201 is closed, and the airflow remains only inside the flexible sleeve 75 to lift the upper plate 72 and enclose a semi-enclosed protective area. When the pipeline air pressure exceeds the spring's preset threshold, it automatically opens, and the airflow is sent into the upper air chamber 7201 to achieve ventilation and cooling within the enclosed space. The entire one-way air control assembly 78 includes a straight pipe 7801, a ring plate 7802, a mesh plate 7803, a plug ball 7804, and a compression spring 7805.

[0052] The straight pipe 7801 is a hollow, high-temperature resistant rigid pipe fitting. Its lower end is sealed to the top of the flexible sleeve 75, and its upper end extends into the upper air chamber 7201 inside the upper plate 72. It is the only flow channel for airflow between the flexible sleeve 75 and the upper air chamber 7201. The hollow inner cavity of the straight pipe 7801 serves as the assembly and housing cavity for other valve components. The pipe wall forms a radial limiting constraint on the plug ball 7804 and the compression spring 7805, preventing the ball from shifting and getting stuck, and the spring from tilting and failing. The overall structure of the pipe wall has high strength and will not deform or leak air under high-temperature conditions, ensuring the air circuit is airtight.

[0053] The annular plate 7802 is fixedly embedded in the lower section of the inner cavity of the straight pipe 7801, forming an overall annular structure with a through-hole in the center. The lower surface of the annular plate 7802 receives the airflow delivered upward from the flexible sleeve 75, while the upper surface supports the bottom end of the compression spring 7805, providing stable bottom support for the spring. The size of the central through-hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the plug ball 7804. Under normal conditions, the plug ball 7804 fits against the end face of the through-hole to seal and block the airflow. The airflow can pass through the central through-hole and act upward on the bottom surface of the plug ball 7804 without being blocked by the annular plate 7802.

[0054] The mesh plate 7803 is fixed to the top of the inner cavity of the straight pipe 7801, located above the plug ball 7804, and has multiple sets of small ventilation holes evenly distributed on its surface. The mesh plate 7803 acts as a limiting and blocking mechanism, preventing the plug ball 7804 from detaching from the straight pipe 7801 when it is pressed upwards; in the open state, the airflow can pass through the holes of the mesh plate 7803 and flow smoothly into the upper air chamber 7201. The porous structure buffers the impact force of the airflow, reduces the vibration and abnormal noise generated by the reciprocating impact of the plug ball 7804, and at the same time prevents impurities from entering the upper air chamber 7201 and causing pipeline blockage.

[0055] The ball stopper 7804 is located at the top of the compression spring 7805 and below the mesh plate 7803. The outer diameter of the ball is larger than the diameter of the central vent hole of the ring plate 7802. When there is no high-pressure airflow, the compression spring 7805 pushes the ball stopper 7804 upwards, tightly pressing it against the upper surface of the vent hole in the ring plate 7802, completely blocking the upward flow of air. When the internal air pressure of the flexible sleeve 75 increases, the upward thrust of the airflow overcomes the pre-tightening force of the compression spring 7805, causing the ball stopper 7804 to lift upwards and detach from the ring plate 7802, opening the air passage. The outer surface of the ball stopper 7804 is smooth and airtight, leaving no gaps after it fits against the ring plate 7802. The material is high-temperature resistant and will not deform under long-term alternating hot and cold conditions, thus maintaining its sealing effect.

[0056] Compression spring 7805 is vertically installed between ring plate 7802 and plug ball 7804, with its lower end abutting the upper surface of ring plate 7802 and its upper end pressing against the bottom of plug ball 7804. Relying on its own pre-compression elasticity, it continuously presses plug ball 7804 tightly against the vent hole of ring plate 7802. The spring pre-tension matches the staged air supply pressure of the equipment: during the low-pressure lifting stage, the airflow thrust is insufficient to compress the spring, and the valve remains closed; during continuous pressurization, the airflow thrust compresses spring 7805, causing plug ball 7804 to float and open the air passage; after air pump 9 depressurizes and evacuates air, the spring automatically rebounds due to its own elasticity, pushing plug ball 7804 back down to re-seal the vent hole. Compression spring 7805 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy spring steel, which is not prone to elastic fatigue after repeated compression and rebound, and maintains stable opening and closing pressure over long-term use.

[0057] The gas flow in the one-way gas control assembly 78 is unidirectional, that is, from bottom to top, along the direction from the flexible sleeve 75 to the upper plate 72. Therefore, in this embodiment, on the one hand, the inflation process of the flow-blocking curtain 7 in the first embodiment can be carried out smoothly to achieve the pre-sealing operation, for the following reasons: combined with Figures 12-13Before the flexible sleeve 75 is fully filled, the gas has no significant pressure pushing effect on the plugging ball 7804. Therefore, the one-way air control component 78 remains closed, and the flexible sleeve 75 is successfully inflated. Thus, for the pre-sealing operation, those skilled in the art can pre-set and test the operating speed and time of the air pump 9, ensuring that the air pump 9 inflates the flow-blocking curtain 7 to a level close to saturation (e.g., achieving 95% filling of the flexible sleeve 75). This completes the pre-sealing operation without changing the closed state of the one-way air control component 78, maintaining the flexible sleeve 75 and the one-way air control component 78 in a state similar to... Figure 13 The state shown; On the other hand, after the pre-sealing operation, within a set time T, if the data from the temperature-sensing fiber optic 6 indicates that the supercapacitor cell 21 has not caught fire, the flow-blocking curtain 7 is not restored to its contracted state. Instead, the supercapacitor cell 21 is actively cooled in a relatively enclosed environment. This achieves both cooling of the supercapacitor cell 21 and maintenance of a relatively enclosed environment. When the high-temperature supercapacitor cell 21 suddenly catches fire, it is less likely to affect the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing patch 4. Compared with the first embodiment, which uses the operation of restoring the flow-blocking curtain 7 to the contracted state to cool the high-temperature supercapacitor cell 21, this embodiment can greatly reduce the risk of uncontrollable fire.

[0058] The specific procedures for active heat dissipation in a relatively enclosed environment are as follows: (See attached document) Figures 14-15 Based on the pre-sealed environment, the air pump 9 is started again, drawing in outside air through the air guide tube 10, and then continuing to fill the flexible sleeve 75 through the air guide hose 8, so that the flexible sleeve 75 is saturated and its internal air pressure continues to increase. The air pressure generates a pushing force on the plug 7804, forcing the compression spring 7805 to be further compressed, and the telescopic rod (i.e., attached) Figure 12 , 13 In the middle, the short rod connecting the ball stopper 7804 shortens, causing the ball stopper 7804 to move away from the hollow area of ​​the ring plate 7802. At this time, the gas that is filled in can smoothly pass through the hollow area of ​​the ring plate 7802 into the straight tube 7801, and then enter the upper air chamber 7201 through the mesh plate 7803 (the lower inner wall of the upper air chamber 7201 has a third through hole communicating with the straight tube 7801, and the side wall of the upper air chamber 7201 has a fourth through hole communicating with the outside, wherein the fourth through hole is attached to the...). Figures 11-15 The heat is released through the fourth through hole to the area where the supercapacitor cell 21 is located. The original hot air inside the box can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the baffle curtain 7 and the box 1 and the heat dissipation hole 3. This realizes the ventilation operation between the box 1 and the outside. In a relatively closed environment, the supercapacitor cell 21 is actively cooled. This is not only conducive to restoring the stable operating temperature of the supercapacitor cell 21, but also does not easily affect the use effect of the fire extinguishing patch 4, effectively maintaining the controllable state of sudden fire.

[0059] When the temperature-sensing fiber optic 6 detects that the temperature of the supercapacitor cell 21 has dropped to a preset safe range, the air pump 9 can be activated to reverse its direction and restore the constriction curtain 7 to its contracted state, that is, to restore the initial state of the invention. The supercapacitor cell 21 can then be cooled through the heat dissipation hole 3.

[0060] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention features an automatically retractable baffle curtain. When normally retracted, it does not obstruct natural convection through the heat dissipation vents of the enclosure, ensuring normal heat dissipation for the supercapacitor module. During high-temperature monitoring, the air pump 9 supplies air, causing the flexible sleeve 75 to lift the upper plate 72, which in turn causes the PFA flexible layer 73 to enclose the capacitor, forming a semi-enclosed space. This significantly reduces the entry of external oxygen. Combined with the upper fire extinguishing patch 4 and the surrounding fire extinguishing rope 76, it provides all-around fire protection from top to bottom, effectively suppressing the spread of fire and reducing the probability of reignition. The baffle curtain base plate 71 is detachable via bolts 77, facilitating future maintenance and replacement of the capacitor and fire extinguishing components. The accompanying one-way air control component 78 enables staged air supply. During low-pressure stages, only the baffle curtain 7 is raised to isolate oxygen; after continuous pressurization, it automatically opens the upper air chamber, delivering air for heat dissipation within the enclosed space, thus addressing both fire prevention and high-temperature cooling requirements. The entire gas system consists of a rigid air pipe (10), an air pump (9), and a flexible air pipe (8) for supplying and evacuating air. The piping layout is well-suited to the confined space within the enclosure. The one-way valve, with its internal straight pipe (7801), ring plate (7802), mesh plate (7803), plug ball (7804), and spring (7805), provides stable pressure control and opening / closing, is heat-resistant, and less prone to jamming or failure. The overall structure is highly integrated and automated, requiring no manual intervention. It offers multiple functions, including efficient daily heat dissipation, oxygen-isolation fire suppression in case of fire, and auxiliary cooling in enclosed spaces. It is heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and has a long service life, making it suitable for long-term charging and discharging of high-power capacitors.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" used in the invention are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and a supercapacitor assembly disposed inside the housing. The supercapacitor assembly includes an upper mounting plate and a lower mounting plate arranged opposite each other, and several supercapacitor cells located between the upper and lower mounting plates. The side wall of the housing is provided with heat dissipation holes. Several fire extinguishing stickers are fixedly arranged on the inner top surface of the upper mounting plate, and each fire extinguishing sticker is distributed in the gap between adjacent supercapacitor cells. A temperature-sensing optical fiber and a flow-blocking curtain are also laid between the upper and lower mounting plates. The temperature-sensing optical fiber is in contact with the side wall of the supercapacitor cell and the lower end of the fire extinguishing patch. The flow-blocking curtain is located on the periphery of the upper and lower mounting plates, surrounding all the supercapacitor cells. An air pump is also fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box. One end of the air pump is connected to the flow-blocking curtain through a flexible air guide tube, and the other end extends to the heat dissipation hole through a rigid air guide tube.

2. The non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the lower mounting plate is fixed with several guide posts, each guide post being located between two adjacent rows of supercapacitor cells; the temperature-sensing optical fiber is wound around the outer wall of the guide post and is attached to the guide post.

3. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow-blocking curtain includes a base plate, an upper plate, and a flexible layer connecting the base plate and the upper plate; multiple limiting rods are fixed at the upper end of the base plate, and the upper ends of the limiting rods slide through the upper plate.

4. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, Several fire extinguishing ropes are fixedly arranged on the inner sidewall of the flexible layer.

5. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base plate is detachably fixed to the lower mounting plate by bolts, and the top of the limiting rod abuts against the lower surface of the upper mounting plate.

6. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, An upper air chamber is formed inside the upper plate, and the upper air chamber is connected to a straight pipe through a third through hole; a fourth through hole is formed on the side wall of the upper air chamber, which communicates with the internal space of the box.

7. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple flexible sleeves are provided between the base plate and the upper plate; a lower air chamber is opened inside the base plate, and multiple first through holes are opened on the upper inner wall of the lower air chamber, and second through holes are opened on the side wall; the lower air chamber is connected to each flexible sleeve through the first through holes and connected to the air guiding hose through the second through holes.

8. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 7, characterized in that, A one-way air control assembly is installed between the upper end of the flexible sleeve and the upper plate.

9. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The one-way gas control assembly includes a straight pipe, inside which a mesh plate and a ring plate are arranged from top to bottom; the lower end of the mesh plate is connected to a telescopic rod, the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixed with a plug ball, and a compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod; in the initial state, the plug ball blocks the central through hole of the ring plate under the action of the compression spring.

10. A non-sealed supercapacitor module combining heat dissipation and fire extinguishing functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-sensing optical fiber is connected to the temperature measuring host and the reflector at its two ends, respectively, and both the temperature measuring host and the reflector are fixed to the inner wall of the box.

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