A floating long-time energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power

Abstract

The application provides a floating long-time energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, which directly converts the kinetic energy of wave fluctuation into mechanical energy for driving electrolyte circulation through a wave energy mechanical conversion device, saves the intermediate power generation and electric charging links, improves the system efficiency, realizes stable matching of surge input and liquid flow battery output through liquid buffering and dynamic control, uses flexible material as an electrolyte tank body, and uses the characteristics that the density of electrolyte is slightly greater than the density of seawater to semi-submerge in a certain sea depth, which on one hand solves the problems of land occupation and electrolyte constant temperature management, and on the other hand, the flexible material naturally has the characteristics of resisting marine parasites, and combines the two advantages of fire prevention and long service life, and is especially suitable for power grid-free environments such as open sea and islands. The system structure of the application is simple, has the characteristics of maintenance-free or extremely simple maintenance, and is high in reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical energy storage and ocean energy utilization, and specifically relates to a floating long-term energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of offshore wind power, its power fluctuations have created an urgent need for efficient, safe, long-life, and long-duration energy storage systems. However, the harsh offshore environment leads to extremely high transportation, installation, and operation and maintenance costs, and poses serious challenges such as corrosion and marine organism attachment.

[0003] However, existing energy storage technologies have significant limitations when applied to offshore scenarios:

[0004] 1. Traditional flow batteries: Although they have advantages in safety and long life, they rely on electric circulation pumps, which have problems such as high energy consumption, large footprint, and many failure points, making them difficult to adapt to unattended marine environments; and the passive insulation and temperature control power consumption in land applications is high, which reduces system efficiency.

[0005] 2. Rigid storage tank: Uneven mixing of electrolyte within the tank leads to irreversible concentration diffusion between high / low SOC fluids, causing additional concentration polarization and resulting in a voltage efficiency loss of 0.7%~1.5%. Furthermore, it is susceptible to corrosion and damage from wind and waves in marine environments, is costly, difficult to transport and install, and its weight increases the burden on the platform.

[0006] 3. Sunken box energy storage: Although it has excellent regulation performance, it is difficult to install and has high operation and maintenance costs.

[0007] In addition, existing floating flow battery patents (such as CN113937123A) mostly adopt an indirect conversion path of "renewable energy → electrical energy → chemical energy", which not only has electro-chemical conversion losses, but also fails to effectively utilize the mechanical kinetic energy of the waves themselves, and still needs to rely on an external electric drive system to operate.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of energy storage system that can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and adapt to the special marine environment, thereby solving the following specific technical problems of existing marine energy storage technologies in terms of environmental adaptability, energy conversion efficiency, operation and maintenance reliability, and economy:

[0009] 1. The problem of marine flow battery cycle power relying on external power supply and the difficulty of maintenance;

[0010] 2. Issues with offshore energy storage containers, including corrosion resistance, wind and wave resistance, and high transportation and installation costs;

[0011] 3. The problem of high energy consumption and low efficiency in thermal management of offshore energy storage systems;

[0012] 4. Challenges related to marine organisms attaching to and attaching to organisms and long-term maintenance;

[0013] 5. Space occupation and buoyancy balance issues related to offshore wind power supporting energy storage.

[0014] 6. Problem of uneven mixing of electrolyte in the storage tank. Summary of the Invention

[0015] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a floating long-term energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power. It directly converts the kinetic energy of wave undulations into mechanical energy to drive electrolyte circulation through a wave energy mechanical conversion device, eliminating intermediate power generation and charging stages, thus improving system efficiency. Furthermore, it achieves stable matching between surge input and flow battery output through liquid buffering and dynamic control. Using a flexible material for the electrolyte tank, and taking advantage of the electrolyte's slightly higher density than seawater, it semi-floats at a certain depth underwater. This solves problems related to floor space, uneven electrolyte mixing, and temperature gradients. Additionally, the flexible material naturally possesses anti-marine parasitic properties, making it particularly suitable for offshore, island, and other grid-free environments.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A floating long-term energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power includes a floating platform, a spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure, a fuel cell unit, a wave actuation unit, a marine organism prevention unit, and a control unit. The floating platform is a circular, floatable structure that floats on the sea surface. The fuel cell unit, control unit, rigid electrolyte buffer tank, and rigid compressed gas buffer tank are placed on the floating platform. The spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure is suspended in water at a depth of 5 to 20 meters below the floating platform structure. The wave actuation unit is installed on the side edge of the floating platform. The marine organism prevention unit is located on the spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the floating platform includes a circular platform and several floating barrels; the several floating barrels are equally distributed and installed on the side edge of the circular platform; the fuel cell stack unit is installed at the center of the floating platform; two rigid electrolyte buffer tanks and a rigid compressed gas buffer tank are evenly distributed on the concentric rings of the floating platform; and several wave actuation units are equally distributed and interspersed on the side edge of the circular platform in the middle of the several floating barrels.

[0019] Furthermore, the frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure is composed of mutually isolated positive electrolyte capsules and negative electrolyte capsules, and is generally shaped like a frustum with a wider top and a narrower bottom, with a spherical bottom. The frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure is made of multi-layer composite material that is resistant to electrolyte corrosion and marine organism adhesion, and maintains a preset working pressure inside.

[0020] Furthermore, the wave actuation unit includes a disc float and connecting rod, a wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump, a wave energy reciprocating air compressor, a positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank, a rigid compressed gas buffer tank, and connecting pipes; the disc float and connecting rod are the connecting rods of the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump or the wave energy reciprocating air compressor, and the disc float drives the piston to move up and down to change the sealed volume.

[0021] Furthermore, the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump is connected to the suction overflow pipe and the rigid tank input pipe respectively through the suction and pressure pipe; the other end of the suction overflow pipe is connected to one end of the suction pipe and the overpressure overflow pipe respectively; the other end of the suction pipe is connected to the corresponding positive or negative electrolyte bladder and is set below the liquid level of the positive or negative electrolyte bladder; the other end of the overpressure overflow pipe is connected to the fuel cell stack return pipe, and a pressure control valve is installed in the overpressure overflow pipe.

[0022] Furthermore, a check valve and an electrically driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump are sequentially installed in the liquid suction pipe; the pressure output of the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump pressurizes the liquid into the corresponding positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank through the liquid suction pipe and the rigid tank input pipe; a check valve is installed in the rigid tank input pipe; the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank is connected to the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the fuel cell unit through a pipe with a liquid flow linear control valve.

[0023] Furthermore, the wave energy reciprocating air compressor is equipped with an intake pipe with a check valve and a compressed gas pipe with a check valve; the intake pipe with the check valve is open to the atmosphere; the wave energy reciprocating air compressor is connected to the rigid compressed gas buffer tank via the compressed gas pipe with the check valve; the rigid compressed gas buffer tank is connected to the bubble anti-parasitic module in the anti-parasitic unit via a pipe with an airflow controlled valve.

[0024] Furthermore, the marine organism prevention unit includes a bubble marine organism prevention module, a replaceable antifouling membrane, and an electronic fence device; the bubble marine organism prevention module is placed at the spherical bottom of the truncated cone-shaped flexible bladder structure and is equipped with a pneumatic horizontal rotating exhaust arm structure; the replaceable antifouling membrane is applied to the surface of the multilayer composite material.

[0025] Furthermore, the pneumatic horizontal rotary exhaust arm structure includes a tubular exhaust arm and a cylindrical rotatable interface; the cylindrical rotatable interface includes an upper fixed section and a lower rotating section, which are concentric and connected by a sealed bearing; the top center of the upper fixed section is fixedly connected to the pipe with the airflow controlled valve; the lower rotating section can rotate around the upper fixed section; the tubular exhaust arm is horizontally installed on the side of the lower rotating section, with one end sealed and the other end connected to the internal air passage of the lower rotating section, and several exhaust holes are distributed on the horizontal side of the pipe body.

[0026] Furthermore, the control unit includes sensors, various valves, a fluid flow linear regulating valve, and an electrically driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump; the control unit is electrically connected to the wave actuation unit, the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank, the fuel cell stack unit, and the aforementioned actuators; the fluid flow linear regulating valve is located in the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the fuel cell stack unit; the sensors are used to collect operating parameters related to surge kinetic energy output power, electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte temperature, flow battery state of charge, and health status.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The operation of this invention has a natural positive correlation with offshore wind power, which can significantly smooth the power output curve. The key energy storage unit adopts flow battery technology with a design life of over 30 years, far exceeding that of traditional chemical batteries.

[0029] 2. This invention utilizes only natural energy sources for power generation and does not consume external electrical energy to complete energy conversion and regulation, thus achieving a net increase in energy utilization.

[0030] 3. This invention directly utilizes the natural constant temperature properties of seawater as a heat dissipation medium, effectively ensuring the battery operates within its optimal temperature range and significantly improving charging and discharging efficiency. The low-toxicity, leaking electrolyte will not cause marine pollution.

[0031] 4. This invention uses an electrolyte with a density slightly greater than seawater and a flexible liquid bladder as the energy storage carrier. Its gravity is slightly greater than or equal to the buoyancy of seawater, thus not increasing the load on the wind turbine foundation. Furthermore, the wave energy capture device can be modularly installed, making it highly adaptable.

[0032] 5. The overall cost throughout the entire lifecycle of this invention is significantly reduced, and the decoupling of power and capacity supports flexible configuration of power and capacity. The system structure is simple, featuring maintenance-free or minimally invasive maintenance, and high reliability.

[0033] 6. This invention adopts a three-layer three-dimensional anti-parasitic system: bubble isolation - a dynamic air curtain that blocks the path of biological contact; flexible substrate - a low surface energy material that naturally repels and is not easy to root; and replaceable film - an external protective layer that can be quickly removed and replaced when parasites appear, completely eliminating marine organism parasitism.

[0034] 7. The present invention uses positive and negative electrode electrolyte tanks to generate controllable deformation by adapting to ocean currents, which avoids the uneven mixing of electrolyte in the flow field distribution of traditional large storage tanks, resulting in concentration and temperature gradients that cause additional concentration polarization, thus avoiding the hidden loss of system voltage efficiency.

[0035] 8. The positive and negative electrode electrolyte bladders used in this invention have anti-collision properties due to their flexibility. Because the pressure inside and outside the bladder is equal, the exchange of liquid and seawater is slow after puncture. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a floating long-term energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the wave-actuated unit wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the wave-driven reciprocating air compressor of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the electric stack power generation and marine organism parasitism prevention structure of the present invention.

[0040] The attached diagrams are labeled as follows: 1. Floating platform; 2. Frustum-shaped spherical bottom flexible bladder structure; 3. Fuel cell unit; 4. Wave actuation unit; 5. Bubble anti-parasitic marine organism module; 6. Control unit; 7. Circular platform; 8. Several floating barrels; 9. Rigid electrolyte buffer tank; 10. Rigid compressed gas buffer tank; 11. Positive electrolyte bladder; 12. Negative electrolyte bladder; 13. Spherical bottom; 14. Disc float and connecting rod; 15. Wave reciprocating hydraulic pump; 16. Wave reciprocating air compressor; 17. Disc float; 18. Suction fluid pipe; 19. Suction overflow pipe; 20. Rigid tank input pipe; 21. Overpressure overflow pipe. 1. Liquid suction pipe 22. Electrically driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23. First check valve 24. Pressure control valve 25. Pipe with liquid flow linear control valve 27. Suction pipe with check valve 28. Compressed gas pipe with check valve 29. Pipe with airflow controlled valve 30. Liquid flow linear regulating valve 31. Positive circuit pipe 32. Negative circuit pipe 33. Replaceable anti-fouling membrane 34. Tubular exhaust arm 35. Cylindrical rotatable interface 36. Upper fixed section 37. Lower rotating section 38. Sealed end of tubular exhaust arm 39. Several exhaust holes 40. Multi-layer composite material 41. Second check valve 42. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a floating long-term energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, comprising a floating platform 1 or an offshore new energy power generation foundation structure, a frustum-shaped bottomless flexible capsule structure 2, a fuel cell stack unit 3, a wave actuation unit 4, a marine organism prevention unit 5, and a control unit 6. The frustum-shaped bottomless flexible capsule structure 2, fuel cell stack unit 3, wave actuation unit 4, marine organism prevention unit 5, and control unit 6 are all arranged and installed on the floating platform 1. The fuel cell stack unit 3 and control unit 6 are placed on the floating platform 1; the frustum-shaped bottomless flexible capsule structure 2 and the marine organism prevention unit are suspended at a certain depth in the water at the bottom of the floating platform 1; the wave actuation units 4 are evenly distributed and interspersed on the side edges of the platform 1.

[0043] The floating platform 1 is a circular, floatable structure, comprising a circular platform 7 and several floating barrels 8, floating on the sea surface. The floating barrels 8 are evenly distributed along the side edges of the circular platform 7, providing buoyancy for all equipment. Several wave actuation units 4 are evenly distributed and interspersed along the side edges of the circular platform between the floating barrels 8. The fuel cell stack unit 3, control unit 6, rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9, and rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 are placed on the floating platform 1. The fuel cell stack unit 3 is installed at the center of the floating platform 1. The two rigid electrolyte buffer tanks 9 and the rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 are evenly distributed on the concentric rings of the floating platform. The frustum-shaped, bottomless flexible bladder structure 2 is suspended in the thermocline at a depth of 5-20 meters below the floating platform 1. This design ensures relatively stable water temperatures throughout the year, allowing the flow battery to operate within its optimal temperature range, which is beneficial for efficient operation. Furthermore, it lowers the center of gravity of the floating platform, ensuring its stability.

[0044] Because the density of the electrolyte in flow batteries ranges from 1.1 to 1.35 g / cm³. 3 It is typically denser than seawater (approximately 1.025 g / cm³). 3 Considering only the volume change of the bottomless flexible bladder structure 2 of the frustum sphere, by optimizing the selection of the electrolyte, the gravity of the electrolyte inside the frustum sphere bottomless flexible bladder structure 2 can be made slightly greater than the buoyancy of seawater, approaching neutral buoyancy, so that the bottomless flexible bladder structure 2 of the frustum sphere, including the internal electrolyte, is suspended in the seawater at the bottom of the floating platform 1.

[0045] The frustum-shaped flexible bladder structure 2 consists of a positive electrolyte bladder 11 and a negative electrolyte bladder 12 that are isolated from each other. The bladder body is made of a multi-layer composite material 41 that is resistant to electrolyte corrosion and marine organism adhesion. The overall structure of the frustum-shaped flexible bladder structure 2 is shaped like a frustum, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Its bottom is designed as a spherical bottom 13. That is, the frustum-shaped flexible bladder structure is suspended below the floating platform 1 structure and maintains a preset working pressure inside.

[0046] The 2-cell spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure has a specific antifouling function: by using the air bubbles installed at the bottom to prevent the gas discharged by the marine organism parasitic module 5 from rising along the wall surface of the 2-cell spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure, it achieves dynamic repulsion of marine organism parasites, environmental barrier, and material rejection.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the wave actuation unit 4 includes a disc-shaped float and connecting rod 14, a wave-energy reciprocating hydraulic pump 15, a wave-energy reciprocating air compressor 16, a positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9, a rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10, and connecting pipes. The wave-energy reciprocating hydraulic pump 15 and the wave-energy reciprocating air compressor 16 are equally and fixedly installed on the side edge of the circular platform 7, interspersed among several floating tanks 8. The positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9 and the rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 are arranged in a triangular distribution on the circular platform 7.

[0048] The disc float and connecting rod 14 are either the connecting rod of the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump 15 or the connecting rod of the wave energy reciprocating air compressor 16. Under the action of the waves, the disc float 17 drives the piston to move up and down, performing liquid or air intake and liquid or air compression. With the cooperation of the check valve in the corresponding air pipeline, the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder changes the sealed volume, thereby realizing the process of liquid or air intake and liquid or air compression.

[0049] Furthermore, the wave-energy reciprocating hydraulic pump 15 is connected to the suction overflow pipe 19 and the rigid tank input pipe 20 via the suction pressure pipe 18. The other end of the suction overflow pipe 19 is connected to one end of the suction pipe 22 and the overpressure overflow pipe 21, respectively. The other end of the suction pipe 22 is connected to the corresponding positive electrolyte bladder 11 or negative electrolyte bladder 12, and is positioned below the liquid level of the positive electrolyte bladder 11 or negative electrolyte bladder 12 to ensure that the liquid can smoothly enter by gravity and pump suction.

[0050] A first check valve 24 and an electric emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23 are sequentially installed in the liquid suction pipe 22. When the charging and discharging power of the liquid flow battery increases and the surge kinetic energy cannot meet the flow rate of the circulating liquid, the control unit 6 closes the first check valve 24 and starts the electric emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23 to adjust the flow rate of the liquid replenishment flow of the positive electrolyte bladder 11 or the negative electrolyte bladder 12.

[0051] Similarly, the other end of the overpressure overflow pipe 21 is connected to the fuel cell stack return pipe, and a pressure control valve 25 is installed inside the overpressure overflow pipe 21. When the pressure inside the pipe exceeds a preset threshold, the pressure control valve 25 opens, allowing the liquid to flow directly back to the corresponding positive electrolyte bladder 11 or negative electrolyte bladder 12 to prevent system overpressure damage.

[0052] The hydraulic pump 15 outputs pressure by pumping liquid into the corresponding positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9 through the suction pipe 18 and the rigid tank input pipe 20. A second check valve 42 is installed in the rigid tank input pipe 20 to prevent reverse flow of liquid in the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9. Based on the working principle of the reciprocating hydraulic pump 15, it draws electrolyte from the positive electrolyte bladder 11 or the negative electrolyte bladder 12, pressurizes it, and sends it into the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9, thus increasing the pressure. The pressurized liquid in the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9 is connected to the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the fuel cell unit 3 via a pipe 27 equipped with a linear flow control valve, achieving controllable liquid supply.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the wave-energy reciprocating air compressor 16 is equipped with an intake pipe 28 with a check valve and a compressed gas pipe 29 with a check valve. The intake pipe 28 with the check valve is open to the atmosphere. After the wave-energy reciprocating air compressor 16 compresses the intake air, it is delivered to the rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 through the compressed gas pipe 29 with the check valve. The compressed gas output from the rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 is connected to the bubble anti-marine organism parasite module 5 through a pipe 30 with an airflow controlled valve to provide it with the required working gas and achieve the anti-fouling function.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, during operation of the fuel cell unit 3, pressurized liquid from the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9 undergoes a bidirectional electrochemical energy conversion reaction via the positive or negative electrolyte circuit in the fuel cell unit 3 under the precise control of the linear flow regulating valve 31. The reacted electrolyte then flows back to the corresponding positive electrolyte sac 11 or negative electrolyte sac 12 through the positive circuit pipe 32 and the negative circuit pipe 33, respectively, thus completing the charge / discharge cycle. Throughout the process, the charge / discharge power is adjusted and controlled in real time by the opening of the linear flow regulating valve 31.

[0055] The marine organism infestation prevention unit mainly includes a bubble-type marine organism infestation prevention module 5, a replaceable antifouling membrane 34, a spherical bottom-defining flexible capsule structure 2, and tensile nylon netting protection materials, as well as corresponding electronic fence devices.

[0056] Furthermore, the bubble-based marine organism infestation prevention module 5 is placed at the spherical bottom 13 of the frustum-shaped flexible bladder structure 2. The bubble-based marine organism infestation prevention module 5 is equipped with a pneumatic horizontal rotating exhaust arm structure, which consists of two parts: a tubular exhaust arm 35 and a cylindrical rotatable interface 36. The cylindrical rotatable interface 36 adopts a split design, including an upper fixed section 37 and a lower rotating section 38. The upper and lower sections are structurally concentric and connected by a sealed bearing to ensure unobstructed airflow. The top center of the upper fixed section 37 is fixedly connected to a pipe 30 with a controlled airflow valve to receive a high-pressure air source. The lower rotating section 38 can rotate freely around the upper fixed section 37, which serves as its axis. The tubular exhaust arm 35 is horizontally installed to the side of the lower rotating section 38, with a seal 39 at one end and the other end connected to the internal airflow of the lower rotating section 38. Several exhaust holes 40 are regularly distributed on the horizontal side of the tube.

[0057] During system operation, the bubble-based marine organism parasitism prevention module 5 rotates around the center of the spherical bottom 13 of the frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure 2. Compressed gas is discharged from the rigid compressed gas buffer tank 10 via a pipe 30 with a controlled airflow valve, a cylindrical rotatable interface 36, a tubular exhaust arm 35, and several exhaust holes 40, driving the tubular exhaust arm 35 to rotate horizontally along the spherical bottom surface of the spherical bottom 13. After the airflow is ejected at high speed from the exhaust holes 40, the gas rapidly diffuses upwards along the surface of the spherical bottom 13 and the side surface of the frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure 2 under pressure, thereby scanning and forming a full-coverage air curtain to effectively repel marine organisms attempting to parasitize.

[0058] A specific antifouling function is designed using the bottomless flexible sac structure 2 of a frustum: based on the technology carried by the anti-parasitic unit for marine organisms, and especially utilizing the characteristic that the gas discharged from the tubular exhaust arm 35 and several exhaust holes 40 installed at the bottom rises along the sac wall, a triple protection mechanism is achieved:

[0059] 1. Dynamic repulsion: The turbulent flow field formed by rising bubbles can interfere with marine organisms settling on the surface of the capsule;

[0060] 2. Environmental barrier: The gas forms a physical barrier layer on the surface of the bottomless flexible capsule structure 2 of the frustum sphere, destroying the attachment environment on which marine organisms depend for survival;

[0061] 3. Material rejection: The flexible capsule structure with a missing bottom in the spherical sphere 2 The multi-layer composite material selected for the flexible capsule itself 41 has low biocompatibility, reducing the likelihood of marine organisms choosing it as their habitat.

[0062] To further reduce the risk of marine organism attachment, a replaceable antifouling membrane 34 can be applied to the surface of the multi-layer composite material 41, providing continuous protection through regular maintenance and replacement. Simultaneously, an electronic fence is installed around the system to actively deter marine organisms from approaching, forming multiple antifouling barriers.

[0063] The control unit 6 includes various sensors, valves, fluid flow linear regulating valve 31, and electric emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23 configured in the system.

[0064] Furthermore, sensors are used to collect relevant operating parameters such as surge kinetic energy output power, electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte temperature, and the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the flow battery. Real-time analysis of the state of health (SOH) particularly relies on dynamic weight sensors, accelerometers, and multi-source operating data. Through big data analysis methods, the following abnormal or deteriorating conditions are identified and determined:

[0065] Marine parasites exist on the surface of the bottomless flexible capsule structure 2 of the frustum sphere;

[0066] Electrolyte quality loss due to leakage, evaporation, or capsule rupture;

[0067] The operating status of each piece of equipment (including wave actuation unit 4 and mechanical conversion device, a series of related devices that realize the coupling of flow battery with mechanical energy, stack unit 3, the body of the truncated spherical bottom-deficient flexible bladder structure 2 and electric drive emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23) is abnormal.

[0068] Based on the health status analysis results, the control unit 6 dynamically adjusts the system operating parameters or issues maintenance warnings to ensure the safety and reliability of the floating flow battery energy storage system under complex sea conditions and long-term operating conditions.

[0069] Furthermore, various valves are used to regulate the on / off state and flow direction of electrolyte in the flexible positive electrolyte bladder 11, negative electrolyte bladder 12, positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9, and positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the stack unit 3.

[0070] Furthermore, the liquid flow linear regulating valve 31 is used to continuously and linearly regulate the electrolyte flow rate of the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the stack unit 3 according to the instructions of the control unit 6, so as to match the charging and discharging power requirements of the flow battery.

[0071] Furthermore, the electric-driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23 is activated by the control unit 6 when the mechanical work provided by the wave actuation unit 4 is insufficient to meet the circulating fluid flow requirements. It draws electrolyte from the flexible positive electrode electrolyte bladder 11 and negative electrode electrolyte bladder 12 through the suction pipe 22 to replenish the flow of the positive or negative electrode electrolyte circulation loop of the stack unit 3, ensuring that the flow battery maintains stable mass transfer and reaction conditions under high power conditions.

[0072] Furthermore, the control unit 6 is electrically connected to the wave actuation unit 4, the mechanical conversion device, the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank 9, the fuel cell unit 3, and the aforementioned actuators, and is configured to uniformly adjust the valve opening, the opening of the fluid flow linear regulating valve 31, and the start / stop and speed of the electric emergency auxiliary circulation pump 23 according to the sensor detection signal and the preset control strategy, so as to achieve stable operation of the system under different sea conditions and power requirements.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power, characterized in that, The system includes a floating platform, a spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure, a fuel cell unit, a wave actuation unit, a marine organism prevention unit, and a control unit. The floating platform is a circular, floatable structure that floats on the sea surface. The fuel cell unit, control unit, rigid electrolyte buffer tank, and rigid compressed gas buffer tank are placed on the floating platform. The spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure is suspended in water at a depth of 5 to 20 meters below the floating platform structure. The wave actuation unit is installed on the side edge of the floating platform. The marine organism prevention unit is located on the spherical bottomless flexible capsule structure.

2. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating platform includes a circular platform and several floating barrels; the several floating barrels are equally distributed and installed on the side edge of the circular platform; the fuel cell stack unit is installed at the center of the floating platform; two rigid electrolyte buffer tanks and a rigid compressed gas buffer tank are evenly distributed on the concentric rings of the floating platform; several wave actuation units are equally distributed and interspersed on the side edge of the circular platform in the middle of the several floating barrels.

3. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure consists of mutually isolated positive and negative electrolyte capsules, and is shaped like a frustum with a wider top and a narrower bottom. The frustum-shaped flexible capsule structure is made of multi-layer composite material that is resistant to electrolyte corrosion and marine organism adhesion, and maintains a preset working pressure inside.

4. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave actuation unit includes a disc float and connecting rod, a wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump, a wave energy reciprocating air compressor, a positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank, a rigid compressed gas buffer tank, and connecting pipes; the disc float and connecting rod are the connecting rods of the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump or the wave energy reciprocating air compressor, and the disc float drives the piston to move up and down to change the sealed volume.

5. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump is connected to the suction overflow pipe and the rigid tank input pipe through the suction and pressure pipe respectively; the other end of the suction overflow pipe is connected to one end of the suction pipe and the overpressure overflow pipe respectively; the other end of the suction pipe is connected to the corresponding positive or negative electrolyte bladder and is set below the liquid level of the positive or negative electrolyte bladder; the other end of the overpressure overflow pipe is connected to the fuel cell stack return pipe and a pressure control valve is installed in the overpressure overflow pipe.

6. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 5, characterized in that, A check valve and an electrically driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump are sequentially installed in the liquid suction pipe; the pressure output of the wave energy reciprocating hydraulic pump pressurizes the liquid into the corresponding positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank through the liquid suction pipe and the rigid tank input pipe; a check valve is installed in the rigid tank input pipe; the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank is connected to the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the fuel cell unit through a pipe with a liquid flow linear control valve.

7. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wave energy reciprocating air compressor is equipped with an intake pipe with a check valve and a compressed gas pipe with a check valve; the intake pipe with the check valve is open to the atmosphere; the wave energy reciprocating air compressor is connected to the rigid compressed gas buffer tank via the compressed gas pipe with the check valve; the rigid compressed gas buffer tank is connected to the bubble anti-parasitic module in the anti-parasitic unit via a pipe with an airflow controlled valve.

8. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The marine organism prevention unit includes a bubble marine organism prevention module, a replaceable antifouling membrane, and an electronic fence device; the bubble marine organism prevention module is placed at the bottom of the spherical bottom of the truncated cone flexible bladder structure and is equipped with a pneumatic horizontal rotating exhaust arm structure; the replaceable antifouling membrane is applied to the surface of a multi-layer composite material.

9. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pneumatic horizontal rotary exhaust arm structure includes a tubular exhaust arm and a cylindrical rotatable interface; the cylindrical rotatable interface includes an upper fixed section and a lower rotating section, which are concentric and connected by a sealed bearing; the top center of the upper fixed section is fixedly connected to a pipe with a flow control valve; the lower rotating section can rotate around the upper fixed section; the tubular exhaust arm is horizontally installed on the side of the lower rotating section, with one end sealed and the other end connected to the internal air passage of the lower rotating section, and several exhaust holes are distributed on the horizontal side of the pipe body.

10. A floating long-duration energy storage system suitable for offshore wind power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes sensors, various valves, a fluid flow linear regulating valve, and an electrically driven emergency auxiliary circulation pump. The control unit is electrically connected to the wave actuation unit, the positive or negative rigid electrolyte buffer tank, the fuel cell stack unit, and each actuator. The fluid flow linear regulating valve is located in the positive or negative electrolyte circulation loop of the fuel cell stack unit. The sensors are used to collect relevant operating parameters such as surge kinetic energy output power, electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte temperature, and the state of charge and health status of the flow battery.

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