Battery and preparation method thereof, energy storage subsystem and optical hydrogen storage system

Abstract

The application relates to a battery and a preparation method thereof, an energy storage subsystem and a light hydrogen storage system. The battery comprises a battery shell, an electrolyte arranged in the battery shell, a negative plate and a positive plate. The negative plate and the positive plate are arranged in the battery shell and are in contact with the electrolyte. The negative plate comprises a first grid and a mixed slurry coated on the first grid. The mixed slurry comprises a first active substance and carbon nanohorn-doped graphene aerogel. The carbon nanohorn-doped graphene aerogel is used for storing electrons and transmitting the electrons to the electrolyte through the first grid. The negative plate comprises a second grid and a positive plate slurry coated on the second grid. The positive plate slurry comprises a second active substance. The first active substance and the second active substance are subjected to electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte under the action of electrons to charge or discharge. The application can reduce control cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to batteries and their preparation methods, energy storage subsystems and photovoltaic hydrogen storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is an important way to achieve energy transition, but its intermittency and volatility limit its large-scale application. Combining energy storage and hydrogen production can balance the volatility of power generation and provide a high-density form of energy storage.

[0003] Currently, most energy storage systems use a combination of batteries and capacitors for power compensation.

[0004] However, batteries and capacitors have different performance characteristics, requiring a complex energy management system to coordinate their charging and discharging, optimize energy distribution, and protect equipment. The mismatch in capacity between capacitors and batteries can lead to overload or excessive idleness in some energy storage devices, necessitating dynamic adjustments to control strategies to balance their operating states, resulting in high control costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a battery and its preparation method, an energy storage subsystem, and a photoelectric hydrogen storage system to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery, comprising:

[0007] Battery casing and electrolyte disposed in the battery casing;

[0008] A negative electrode plate is disposed inside the battery casing and is in contact with the electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a first grid and a mixed slurry coated on the first grid. The mixed slurry includes a first active material and carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel. The carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel is used to store electrons and transfer the electrons to the electrolyte through the first grid.

[0009] A positive electrode plate is disposed inside the battery casing and is in contact with the electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a second grid and a positive electrode slurry coated on the second grid. The positive electrode slurry includes a second active material.

[0010] The first and second active substances undergo an electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte under the influence of electrons to charge or discharge.

[0011] In one embodiment, there are multiple negative and positive electrode plates, which are alternately arranged, and both the negative and positive electrode plates include tabs; the battery further includes:

[0012] A first diaphragm is disposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to electrically isolate the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate;

[0013] The first current collector is connected to the tabs of each negative electrode plate to electrically connect each negative electrode plate;

[0014] The second current collector is connected to the tabs of each of the positive plates to electrically connect the positive plates.

[0015] In one embodiment, the positive electrode plate has two opposing surfaces; the battery further includes:

[0016] A second diaphragm is used to extend from one surface of the positive electrode plate, through the tab side away from the positive electrode plate, to the other surface of the positive electrode plate.

[0017] In one embodiment, the battery further includes:

[0018] Activated carbon sheet, used to be attached to at least one of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode plate.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first active material includes lead; the second active material includes lead dioxide.

[0020] Secondly, this application also provides a battery manufacturing method, comprising:

[0021] Carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene aerogel, negative electrode slurry, and positive electrode slurry were prepared separately; the negative electrode slurry included a first active material, and the positive electrode slurry included a second active material.

[0022] The carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel is mixed with the negative electrode slurry to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0023] The mixed slurry is coated onto the first grid plate to prepare the negative electrode plate;

[0024] The positive electrode slurry is coated onto the second grid to prepare the positive electrode plate;

[0025] The negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate are spaced apart within a battery casing containing electrolyte.

[0026] In one embodiment, the preparation of carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel includes:

[0027] Preparation of carbon nano-angles;

[0028] Obtain a first mixture containing a graphene oxide solution;

[0029] The carbon nanoparticles are mixed into the first mixture and then pulverized and heated to obtain the carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene hydrogel.

[0030] The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogels were cleaned and dried separately to obtain carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogels.

[0031] In one embodiment, the preparation of carbon nanofibers includes:

[0032] A buffer gas is filled in a vacuum electric arc furnace; the anode graphite rod of the electric arc furnace;

[0033] The electric arc furnace is energized to evaporate the graphite rod at the anode of the electric arc furnace to obtain the carbon nanoparticles.

[0034] In one embodiment, the electric arc furnace further includes a cathode; the linear distance between the graphite rod of the anode of the electric arc furnace and the cathode of the electric arc furnace is 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0035] In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel is washed and dried to obtain the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel, including:

[0036] The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel was cleaned with an ethanol solution.

[0037] The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel was freeze-dried and vacuum-dried and cleaned to obtain the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel.

[0038] Thirdly, this application also provides an energy storage subsystem, including multiple batteries, at least one of which is a battery as described above, or...

[0039] At least one of the batteries is prepared by the battery preparation method described above.

[0040] In one embodiment, the plurality of batteries are connected in parallel.

[0041] Fourthly, this application also provides a photoelectric hydrogen storage system, comprising:

[0042] Photovoltaic subsystems and energy storage subsystems as described above;

[0043] The microgrid subsystem is connected to both the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem.

[0044] A hydrogen production subsystem is connected to the microgrid subsystem;

[0045] The microgrid subsystem is used to transform the target electrical energy and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem so that the hydrogen production subsystem can produce hydrogen; the target electrical energy is the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic subsystem and / or the energy storage subsystem.

[0046] In one embodiment, the microgrid subsystem includes:

[0047] The power management module is connected to both the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem.

[0048] The power conversion module is connected to both the power management module and the hydrogen production subsystem.

[0049] The power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module, so that the target power is transmitted to the power conversion module through the power transmission path;

[0050] The power conversion module is used to transform the target electrical energy and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem so that the hydrogen production subsystem can produce hydrogen.

[0051] In one embodiment,

[0052] The power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module when the output power of the photovoltaic subsystem is less than or equal to a preset value.

[0053] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic subsystem includes:

[0054] Photovoltaic modules, including at least one photovoltaic panel;

[0055] A detection module, located on the photovoltaic panel and connected to the power management module, is used to detect the angle of light received by the photovoltaic panel and output a corresponding detection signal to the power management module.

[0056] A support rod assembly is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the power management module;

[0057] The power management module is also used to obtain the illumination angle based on the detection signal, and adjust the lifting height of the support rod assembly based on the illumination angle to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0058] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0059] Fuel cells are used to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy;

[0060] The microgrid subsystem is also connected to the fuel cell to transmit the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell to the energy storage subsystem, so that the energy storage subsystem stores the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell; and / or,

[0061] The microgrid subsystem is also used to transform the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem.

[0062] In one embodiment, the type of fuel cell includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0063] The aforementioned battery, its fabrication method, energy storage subsystem, and photohydrogen storage system include a battery casing, an electrolyte disposed within the battery casing, a negative electrode plate, and a positive electrode plate. Both the negative and positive electrode plates are disposed within the battery casing and are in contact with the electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a first grid and a mixed slurry coated on the first grid. The mixed slurry includes a first active material and carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel; the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel stores electrons and transfers electrons to the electrolyte via the first grid. The negative electrode plate also includes a second grid and a positive electrode slurry coated on the second grid; the positive electrode slurry includes a second active material. The first and second active materials undergo an electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte under the influence of electrons to perform charging or discharging. Because the negative electrode plate's slurry contains carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel, the structure of a single carbon nanotube can be imagined as a trumpet-shaped structure formed by the gradual closing of a single-layer graphite sheet (similar to a carbon nanotube), with its tip exhibiting a nanoscale acute angle. These carbon nanotubes typically spontaneously form clusters, exhibiting spherical or flower-like accumulations. This structure allows the 5-membered ring structure at the tip of the carbon nanotube to be used as a capacitor material, while the 6-membered ring of the carbon nanotube structure on the carbon nanotube can rapidly transfer the stored electrons. The three-dimensional sites and porous structure of the graphene aerogel provide more space for storing electrons, increasing the energy storage capacity. Simultaneously, the carbon nanotube structure of the carbon nanotubes facilitates the transfer of electrons stored on the graphene aerogel. As can be seen, the battery in this application can have both the characteristics of capacitor and energy storage, providing a larger energy storage capacity. It uses carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel as the capacitor material and lead powder as the battery electrode, thus combining the characteristics of both capacitor and battery. This avoids the use of separate storage batteries and capacitors, simplifies the scheduling of the energy management system, simplifies the circuit design, avoids the problem of inconsistent capacity between capacitor and storage battery that may lead to overload or excessive idleness of some energy storage devices, and reduces control costs. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery structure in one embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery fabrication method according to one embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 4 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a photohydrogen storage system in one embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the microgrid subsystem in one embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the input power of the microgrid subsystem before and after the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system includes the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly in one embodiment of this application.

[0071] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0072] 110: Battery casing; 120: Electrolyte; 130: Negative electrode plate; 131: Carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene aerogel; 140: Positive electrode plate; 10: Photovoltaic subsystem; 20: Microgrid subsystem; 21: Power management module; 22: Power conversion module; 30: Hydrogen production subsystem; 40: Energy storage subsystem; 50: Fuel cell. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0074] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0075] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0076] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In one embodiment, see Appendix Figure 1 , attached Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the battery structure in this embodiment is shown. The battery in this embodiment includes a battery casing 110, an electrolyte 120 disposed in the battery casing 110, a negative electrode plate 130, and a positive electrode plate 140. Both the negative electrode plate 130 and the positive electrode plate 140 are disposed inside the battery casing 110 and are in contact with the electrolyte 120. The negative electrode plate 130 includes a first grid and a mixed slurry coated on the first grid. The mixed slurry includes a first active material and carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel 131. The carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel 131 is used to store electrons and transfer electrons to the electrolyte 120 through the first grid. The negative electrode plate 130 includes a second grid and a positive electrode plate 140 slurry coated on the second grid. The positive electrode plate 140 slurry includes a second active material. The first active material and the second active material undergo an electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte 120 under the action of electrons to perform charging or discharging.

[0078] The positive electrode plate 140 and the negative electrode plate 130 are electrically isolated within the battery casing 110. The types of the first active material, the second active material, and the electrolyte 120 correspond to the type of the battery. For example, if the battery is a lead-acid battery, both the first active material and the active material itself contain lead, and the electrolyte 120 can be a dilute sulfuric acid solution. The electrochemical reaction expression for the first active material reacting with the electrolyte 120 under the influence of electrons can be: Pb - 2e - =Pb 2+ (Discharge process), PbSO4 + 2e - =Pb+SO4 2-(Charging process). The electrochemical reaction expression of the second active substance with electrolyte 120 under the action of electrons can be: PbO2 + 4H+ + +SO4 2- +2e - =PbSO4 + 2H2O (discharge process), PbSO4 + 2H2O - 2e - =PbO2+4H + +SO4 2- (Charging process).

[0079] The first and second grids provide mechanical support for the first and second active materials, enabling them to maintain a certain shape and structure and preventing them from falling off during battery charging and discharging due to expansion, contraction, or vibration. Simultaneously, the first and second grids act as current conduction channels, collecting the current generated by the active materials during the electrochemical reaction and transmitting it to the external circuit. They also introduce current from the external circuit into the active materials, ensuring the smooth progress of the electrochemical reaction. For example, the first and second grids can be made of a lead alloy.

[0080] Because the negative electrode plate 130 contains carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene aerogel 131 in its slurry, the structure of a single carbon nanoparticle can be imagined as a trumpet-shaped structure formed by the gradual closing of a single-layer graphite sheet (similar to a carbon nanotube), with its tip exhibiting a nanoscale acute angle. The carbon nanoparticles typically spontaneously form clusters, exhibiting spherical or flower-like accumulations. This structure allows the 5-membered ring structure at the tip of the carbon nanoparticle to be used as a capacitor material, while the 6-membered ring of the carbon nanotube structure on the carbon nanoparticle can rapidly transfer the stored electrons. The three-dimensional sites and porous structure of the graphene aerogel provide more space for storing electrons, increasing the energy storage capacity. Simultaneously, the carbon nanoparticle structure of the carbon nanoparticles facilitates the transfer of electrons stored on the graphene aerogel. Therefore, the battery in this application can also possess capacitor characteristics, providing a larger energy storage capacity, thereby avoiding the use of separate batteries and capacitors and reducing control costs.

[0081] In one embodiment, there are multiple negative and positive plates, which are alternately arranged, and both negative and positive plates include tabs. For example, there may be four negative plates and three positive plates. In practical applications, the number of positive and negative plates may vary and is not limited to the numbers shown in the example above.

[0082] The battery also includes a first separator, a first current collector, and a second current collector. The first separator is disposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to electrically isolate the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. The first current collector is connected to the tabs of each negative electrode plate to electrically connect the negative electrode plates. The second current collector is connected to the tabs of each positive electrode plate to electrically connect the positive electrode plates.

[0083] Multiple positive electrode plates are stacked together, with the tabs of each positive electrode plate facing the same direction. Multiple negative electrode plates also have tabs facing the same direction. The arrangement of the positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, and first separator is: negative electrode plate - first separator - positive electrode plate - first separator - negative electrode plate - first separator - positive electrode plate. This arrangement is continued sequentially to complete the stacking of the entire electrode plate assembly. A press (e.g., 10 kPa pressure) is used to press the stacked electrode plate assembly to ensure tight contact and flatness between the plates. Spot welding or fusion welding is used to connect the positive electrode tabs to the positive current collector and the negative electrode tabs to the negative current collector. The assembled positive and negative electrode plates are placed into the battery casing, adjusting their position to prevent tilting or loosening. A sulfuric acid solution of a preset concentration (e.g., 34%) is injected into each cell (e.g., 40-45 mL).

[0084] In one embodiment, the positive electrode plate has two opposing surfaces. The battery also includes a second separator. The second separator extends from one surface of the positive electrode plate, across a tab side away from the positive electrode plate, to the other surface of the positive electrode plate.

[0085] In this embodiment, the second diaphragm can completely cover both surfaces of the positive electrode plate, ensuring ion conduction while enhancing electrical isolation.

[0086] In one embodiment, the battery further includes an activated carbon sheet. The activated carbon sheet is used to attach to at least one of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode plate.

[0087] For example, activated carbon sheets can be attached to the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode plate (double-sided coating) to maximize the specific surface area of ​​the electrode, thereby improving charge storage capacity.

[0088] In this embodiment, activated carbon helps to distribute the current evenly and reduce the internal resistance of the electrode. The surface of activated carbon can adsorb ions in the electrolyte to form an electrical double layer, thereby achieving energy storage.

[0089] In one embodiment, the first active substance includes lead; the second active substance includes lead dioxide.

[0090] Lead dioxide (PbO2) has strong oxidizing properties. A paste-like substance made by mixing lead dioxide with other additives through processes such as coating and curing is applied to the second grid. After drying and curing, the lead dioxide is firmly attached to the positive electrode plate.

[0091] The lead in the first active material can refer to spongy lead (Pb). Spongy lead has a porous, sponge-like structure, giving it a large specific surface area, which increases the contact area with the electrolyte and facilitates electrochemical reactions. A paste-like active material made from spongy lead is coated onto the first grid, allowing it to be adsorbed onto the surface of the negative electrode plate, enabling redox reactions to occur during battery charging and discharging.

[0092] In one embodiment, see Appendix Figure 2 , attached Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a battery preparation method according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The battery prepared by this method can be any of the batteries in the above embodiments.

[0093] The battery manufacturing method in this embodiment includes the following steps S201 to S205.

[0094] Step S201: Prepare carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel, negative electrode slurry, and positive electrode slurry, respectively. The negative electrode slurry includes a first active material, and the positive electrode slurry includes a second active material.

[0095] The negative electrode slurry may include lead powder, dilute sulfuric acid of a first concentration, barium sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, and water, with lead powder serving as the source of the first active material. The positive electrode slurry may include lead powder, acetylene black, short fibers, lead oxide, and water, with lead powder serving as the source of the second active material.

[0096] Step S202: Mix carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel with negative electrode slurry to obtain mixed slurry.

[0097] Step S203: The mixed slurry is coated onto the first grid to prepare the negative electrode plate.

[0098] For example, the negative electrode plate can be prepared as follows: Weigh 100 parts of lead powder, 50 parts of carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene aerogel, 1 part of barium sulfate, 0.5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 20 parts of water, mix and stir for 3 minutes to form a mud-like substance, then add 12 parts of 8.3% dilute sulfuric acid, stir for 15 minutes until the mud-like substance becomes a semi-solid lead paste, and evenly apply the lead paste to the first grid. The weight of the first grid can be 9g, the size of the first grid can be 69mm×38mm×1.5mm, the mass of a single coated plate is 18g±0.5g, and the total volume of the negative electrode plate after coating is controlled within 69mm×38mm×1.7mm, and the total weight is controlled within 27g±0.5g. During the coating process, the lead paste is kept in a 98RH humid environment to ensure that the specific gravity of the lead paste does not change due to moisture evaporation. The coated negative electrode plate was completely immersed in 300 parts of 20% dilute sulfuric acid for 3 seconds, and then placed in a curing chamber for 72 hours. The curing steps were as follows: ① 99RH, 40℃ for 12 hours; ② 99RH, 45℃ for 14 hours; ③ 95RH, 45℃ for 8 hours; ④ 90RH, 55℃ for 8 hours; ⑤ 80RH, 65℃ for 10 hours; ⑥ 75RH, 45℃ for 4 hours; ⑦ 30RH, 65℃ for 4 hours; ⑧ 30RH, 75℃ for 12 hours. 70 parts activated carbon, 20 parts carbon black, and 10 parts polytetrafluoroethylene were mixed evenly and added to 100 parts anhydrous ethanol. The mixture was evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator to obtain a homogeneous mixture. 0.8 parts anhydrous ethanol were added to the mixture, and the mixture was rolled into sheets and then dried at 90℃ for 12 hours. The dried activated carbon sheets were cut into pieces corresponding to the total volume of the negative electrode plate. The cured negative electrode and the cut activated carbon sheet are pressed under 2 MPa for 1 minute to adhere the activated carbon sheet to the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode. In other embodiments, the size of the negative electrode plate and the ratio of each material can also be different, and are not limited to this.

[0099] Step S204: The positive electrode slurry is coated onto the second grid to prepare the positive electrode plate.

[0100] For example, the positive electrode plate can be prepared as follows: Weigh 100 parts lead powder, 0.5 parts acetylene black, 2 parts short fibers, 10 parts PbO2, and 15 parts water, stir for 3 minutes to form a mud-like substance, continue to add 12 parts 8.3% dilute sulfuric acid and stir for 15 minutes until the mud-like substance becomes a semi-solid lead paste, and evenly apply the lead paste to the second grid. The second grid weighs 11.5g, the second grid size is 69mm×38mm×2.0mm, the mass of a single piece of paste is 24.0g±0.5g, and the total volume of the positive electrode plate after coating is controlled within 69mm×38mm×2.2mm. During the coating process, the lead paste is in a 98RH humid environment to ensure that the specific gravity of the lead paste does not change due to moisture evaporation. The coated positive electrode plate was completely immersed in 300 parts of 12% dilute sulfuric acid for 3-5 seconds, and then placed in a curing chamber for 54 hours. The curing steps were as follows: ① 98RH, 55℃ for 2 hours; ② 98RH, 60℃ for 15 hours; ③ 98RH, 65℃ for 32 hours; ④ 70RH, 60℃ for 3 hours; ⑤ 30RH, 70℃ for 3 hours. In other embodiments, the dimensions of the positive electrode plate and the proportions of each material can also be different, and are not limited to these.

[0101] Step S205: The negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate are spaced apart inside the battery casing containing the electrolyte.

[0102] For example, three positive electrode plates can be stacked together, ensuring that the tabs of the positive electrode plates are aligned. A second separator covers one surface of the positive electrode plate, extending from the tab side away from the positive electrode plate to the other surface, forming a "U" shape. The second separator is sufficient to cover the electrode plate and ensure ion conduction. Four negative electrode plates are laid flat in the designed order, with a first separator between each plate. The wrapped positive electrode plates are sandwiched between the negative electrode plates, forming the following sequence: negative electrode plate - separator - positive electrode plate (single pack) - separator - negative electrode plate - separator - positive electrode plate (single pack). This pattern is continued to complete the stacking of the entire electrode group. A press is used to press the stacked electrode group to ensure tight contact and flatness between the plates. The positive tabs are connected to the positive current collector, and the negative tabs are connected to the negative current collector, using spot welding or fusion welding techniques. The assembled electrode group is placed in the battery case, and its position is adjusted to prevent tilting or loosening. Fill a single cell with a 34% sulfuric acid solution (e.g., 40 mL).

[0103] After the battery is packaged, it can undergo formation, a process in which the green plates are charged in an electrolyte solution, causing a redox reaction that transforms the active materials on the plates into electrochemically active substances. For example, lead compounds on the positive plate are converted into lead dioxide, and lead compounds on the negative plate are converted into spongy lead. Formation removes impurities from the plates and improves the electrochemical activity of the active materials, enabling the lead-acid battery to charge and discharge normally and achieve good performance.

[0104] For example, the formation process can be as follows: 1) resting for 1.5 hours; 2) charging with a constant current of 0.3A for 4 hours; 3) charging with a constant current of 0.66A for 30 hours; 4) charging with a constant current of 0.3A for 6 hours; 5) resting for 1 hour; 6) discharging with a constant current and constant voltage of 0.6A and 1.75V for 0.4 hours; 7) charging with a constant current of 0.72A for 6 hours; 8) charging with a constant current of 0.36A for 30 hours; 9) resting for 1 hour; 10) discharging with a constant current and constant voltage of 0.6A and 1.75V for 0.4 hours; 11) charging with a constant current of 0.72A for 6 hours; 12) charging with a constant current of 0.36A for 8 hours; 13) discharging with a constant current and constant voltage of 0.6A and 1.75V for 0.4 hours; 14) charging with a constant current of 0.6A for 4 hours; 15) charging with a constant current of 0.3A for 6 hours; 16) charging with a constant voltage of 2.4V for 3 hours. After formation, all liquid inside the battery is poured out, and each cell is refilled with 40mL-45mL of 34% sulfuric acid solution to complete the formation and obtain the final battery. It is understood that in practical applications, the specific voltage, current, and time for the constant current charging and constant current / constant voltage discharging described above can be other than those examples.

[0105] In this embodiment, carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel is incorporated into the slurry used to prepare the negative electrode plate. The structure of a single carbon nanotube can be imagined as a trumpet-shaped structure formed by the gradual closing of a single-layer graphite sheet (similar to a carbon nanotube), with its tip exhibiting a nanoscale acute angle. Carbon nanotubes typically spontaneously form clusters, exhibiting spherical or flower-like accumulations. This structure allows the 5-membered ring structure at the tip of the carbon nanotube to be used as a capacitor material, while the 6-membered ring of the carbon nanotube structure on the carbon nanotube can rapidly transfer the stored electrons. The three-dimensional sites and porous structure of the graphene aerogel provide more space for storing electrons, increasing the energy storage capacity. Simultaneously, the carbon nanotube structure of the carbon nanotube facilitates the transfer of electrons stored on the graphene aerogel. Therefore, the battery prepared in this embodiment can also possess capacitor characteristics, providing a larger energy storage capacity, thereby avoiding the use of separate batteries and capacitors and reducing control costs.

[0106] In one embodiment, see Appendix Figure 3 , attached Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the process for preparing carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel in this embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, the preparation of carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel includes the following steps S301 to S304.

[0107] Step S301: Prepare carbon nano-angles.

[0108] Step S302: Obtain a first mixture containing graphene oxide solution.

[0109] For example, step S302 can be as follows: Weigh 10-50 parts of graphene oxide and add it to 500-800 parts of deionized water. Disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic machine with a power of 50W-100W for 10-20 minutes. Add 1-10 parts of diethylenetriamine, then adjust the ultrasonic machine power to 100W-200W and the temperature to 30℃-50℃, and vibrate for 30-60 minutes to obtain the first mixture. It is understood that the material ratios, processing time, ultrasonic machine power, and other parameters mentioned above can also be different and are not limited to the above example.

[0110] Step S303: After mixing carbon nano-angles into the first mixture, the mixture is pulverized and heated to obtain carbon nano-angle-doped graphene hydrogel.

[0111] For example, step S303 can be: weighing 10-20 parts of carbon nanoparticles and adding them to the first mixture, vibrating them using a 1KW-5KW cell disruptor to obtain a second mixture, transferring the second mixture to a reaction vessel, and heating it in a constant temperature oven at 30℃-40℃ for 10-20 hours to obtain carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene hydrogel. It is understood that the material ratios, processing times, ultrasonic power, and other parameters described above can also be different and are not limited to the above example.

[0112] For example, 10 parts of graphene oxide can be weighed and added to 500 parts of deionized water. The mixture is then dispersed using a 50W ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes. 3 parts of diethylenetriamine are added, and the ultrasonic cleaner power is adjusted to 100W, the temperature to 30℃, and the mixture is vibrated for 30 minutes to prepare the first mixture. 10 parts of carbon nanoparticles are weighed and added to the first mixture, and the mixture is vibrated using a 1KW cell disruptor to obtain the second mixture. The second mixture is then transferred to a reaction vessel and heated in a 30℃ constant temperature oven for 10 hours to obtain a carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene hydrogel.

[0113] For example, 50 parts of graphene oxide can be weighed and added to 800 parts of deionized water. The mixture is then dispersed using a 100W ultrasonic cleaner for 20 minutes. Eight parts of diethylenetriamine are added, and the ultrasonic cleaner power is adjusted to 200W, the temperature set to 50℃, and the mixture is vibrated for 60 minutes to prepare the first mixture. Twenty parts of carbon nanoparticles are weighed and added to the first mixture, and the mixture is vibrated using a 5KW cell disruptor to obtain the second mixture. The second mixture is then transferred to a reaction vessel and heated in a 40℃ constant temperature oven for 20 hours to obtain a carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene hydrogel.

[0114] Step S304: Clean and dry the carbon nano-angle doped graphene hydrogel to obtain carbon nano-angle doped graphene aerogel.

[0115] Among these methods, carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogels can be cleaned using inorganic solutions.

[0116] In one embodiment, preparing carbon nanohorns includes: filling a vacuum electric arc furnace with a buffer gas; an anode graphite rod of the electric arc furnace; and energizing the electric arc furnace to evaporate the anode graphite rod to obtain carbon nanohorns.

[0117] For example, the buffer gas may include nitrogen, argon, etc. The cathode of the electric arc furnace may also be a graphite rod.

[0118] For example, a plasma arc furnace can be used, with high-purity graphite rods (99.999% or higher) serving as the cathode. Graphite rods with a diameter of 15mm-20mm and a length of 150mm-200mm are used as the cathode, and graphite rods with a diameter of 6mm-10mm and a length of 200mm-300mm are used as the anode. The plasma arc furnace is evacuated, and then nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.02MPa and argon gas at a pressure of 0.13MPa are introduced. After gas introduction, the plasma arc furnace is powered on at a voltage of 20V-40V and a discharge current of 100A-120A. During discharge, the distance between the two electrodes is maintained at a preset distance by pushing the graphite rod at the anode. When the anode carbon rod is completely consumed, the powder sample is collected to obtain carbon nanoparticles. It is understandable that in practical applications, the size of the graphite rod, the type of gas introduced, the gas pressure introduced, the voltage applied to the plasma arc furnace, and the discharge current can also be other than the examples mentioned above.

[0119] For example, a plasma arc furnace can be used, with high-purity graphite rods (above 99.999%) serving as the cathode and anode. A graphite rod with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 150 mm is used as the cathode, and a graphite rod with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 200 mm is used as the anode. The plasma arc furnace is evacuated, and then nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.02 MPa and argon gas at a pressure of 0.13 MPa are introduced. After the gas is introduced, the plasma arc furnace is powered on at a voltage of 20V and a discharge current of 100A. During the discharge process, the distance between the two electrodes is maintained at 0.8 mm by pushing the anode rod. When the anode carbon rod is completely consumed, the powder sample is collected to obtain carbon nanoparticles.

[0120] For example, a plasma arc furnace can be used, with high-purity graphite rods (above 99.999%) serving as the cathode and anode. A graphite rod with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 200 mm is used as the cathode, and a graphite rod with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 300 mm is used as the anode. The plasma arc furnace is evacuated, and then nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.02 MPa and argon gas at a pressure of 0.13 MPa are introduced. After the gas is introduced, the plasma arc furnace is powered on at a voltage of 40V and a discharge current of 120A. During the discharge process, the distance between the two electrodes is maintained at 2.0 mm by pushing the anode rod. When the anode carbon rod is completely consumed, the powder sample is collected to obtain carbon nanoparticles.

[0121] In one embodiment, the electric arc furnace further includes a cathode; the linear distance between the graphite rod of the anode and the cathode of the electric arc furnace is 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0122] For example, the linear distance between the graphite rod of the anode and the cathode of the electric arc furnace can be 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0123] In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel is cleaned and dried to obtain carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel, comprising: cleaning the carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel with an ethanol solution; and freeze-drying and vacuum-drying the cleaned carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel to obtain carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel.

[0124] For example, the process of separately washing and drying carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel to obtain carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel can be as follows: The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel prepared in step S303 can be immersed in 300-500 parts of a 20%-30% ethanol solution, washed repeatedly 3-5 times, then freeze-dried in a freeze dryer for 24-48 hours, followed by drying in a vacuum drying oven at 50℃-60℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel. It is understood that the material ratios, processing times, and other parameters described above can also be different and are not limited to the above example.

[0125] For example, the carbon nanotube doped graphene hydrogel prepared in step S303 can be soaked in 300 parts of a 20% ethanol solution, washed three times, and then freeze-dried in a freeze dryer for 24 hours. After that, it can be dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 24 hours to obtain carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel.

[0126] For example, the carbon nanotube doped graphene hydrogel prepared in step S303 can be soaked in 500 parts of a 30% ethanol solution, washed repeatedly 5 times, and then placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 48 hours. After that, it can be dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C for 48 hours to obtain carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel.

[0127] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0128] In one embodiment, an energy storage subsystem is also provided, which includes a plurality of batteries. At least one battery is a battery as described in any of the above embodiments. Alternatively, at least one battery is prepared by the battery preparation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0129] In one embodiment, connecting multiple batteries in parallel can increase the output current, meet the needs of high-current loads, and increase the battery capacity of the energy storage subsystem.

[0130] In one embodiment, a photoelectric hydrogen storage system is also provided. (See appendix.) Figure 4 , attached Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system in this embodiment is shown. The photovoltaic hydrogen storage system in this embodiment includes a photovoltaic subsystem 10, a microgrid subsystem 20, a hydrogen production subsystem 30, and an energy storage subsystem 40 as described in any of the above embodiments. The microgrid subsystem 20 is connected to both the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40. The hydrogen production subsystem 30 is connected to the microgrid subsystem 20.

[0131] Among them, the microgrid subsystem 20 is used to transform the target electrical energy and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem 30 so that the hydrogen production subsystem 30 can produce hydrogen; the target electrical energy is the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and / or the energy storage subsystem 40.

[0132] In this embodiment, the microgrid subsystem 20 can select the target power as the power output of the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and / or the energy storage subsystem 40, transform it, and then supply power to the hydrogen production subsystem 30. That is, when the power output of the photovoltaic subsystem 10 is insufficient, the energy storage subsystem 40 can provide power, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic-hydrogen storage system.

[0133] In one embodiment, see Appendix Figure 5 , attached Figure 5A schematic diagram of the microgrid subsystem 20 is shown. The microgrid subsystem 20 includes a power management module 21 and a power conversion module 22. The power management module 21 is connected to the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40, respectively. The power conversion module 22 is connected to the power management module 21 and the hydrogen production subsystem 30, respectively.

[0134] The power management module 21 is used to connect the power transmission path between the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40 and the power conversion module 22, so that the target power is transmitted to the power conversion module 22 through the power transmission path; the power conversion module 22 is used to transform the target power and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem 30, so that the hydrogen production subsystem 30 can produce hydrogen.

[0135] For example, the power conversion module 22 may be a DC-DC (Direct-Current to Direct-Current Power Supply) power supply, which is a power supply device that converts DC power from one voltage level to another.

[0136] The power management module 21 can monitor the power output of the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40. Based on the amount of power output by the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40, it can select and connect the power transmission path between the photovoltaic subsystem 10 and the energy storage subsystem 40 and the power conversion module 22 to meet the power demand of the hydrogen production subsystem 30.

[0137] In one embodiment, the power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module when the output power of the photovoltaic subsystem is less than or equal to a preset value.

[0138] In this embodiment, the power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module when the output power of the photovoltaic subsystem is less than or equal to a preset value. This can compensate for the fluctuations caused by insufficient output power of the photovoltaic subsystem and ensure that the power demand of the hydrogen production subsystem is met.

[0139] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic subsystem includes a photovoltaic module, a detection module, and a support rod assembly. The photovoltaic module includes at least one photovoltaic panel. The detection module is mounted on the photovoltaic panel and connected to the power management module. It detects the illumination angle received by the photovoltaic panel and outputs a corresponding detection signal to the power management module. The support rod assembly is connected to both the photovoltaic panel and the power management module. The power management module further acquires the illumination angle based on the detection signal and adjusts the lifting height of the support rod assembly based on the illumination angle to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0140] A photovoltaic (PV) panel, also known as a solar panel, is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. PV panels can be rectangular, circular, semi-circular, trapezoidal, polygonal, or other irregular shapes, and are not limited to these. For ease of understanding of this embodiment, the following explanation uses a rectangular PV panel as an example.

[0141] The detection module can be a photoresistor, a single-axis light source tracking board, or other device capable of detecting the angle of illumination received by the photovoltaic panel.

[0142] The support rod assembly may include multiple support rods. Taking a support rod assembly with four support rods as an example, the four support rods are respectively connected to the four corners of the rectangular photovoltaic panel. The support rods may be pneumatic support rods, which are raised or lowered under the control of the power management module.

[0143] The power management module acquires the illumination angle based on the detection signal and adjusts the lifting height of the support rod assembly accordingly. This adjusts the orientation of the photovoltaic panel, allowing it to face the direction of sunlight and receive more light, thereby improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Simultaneously, it reduces the fluctuations in the output power curve of the photovoltaic subsystem as the sun rises and sets.

[0144] For example, the two support rods facing south are at the same height, and the two support rods facing north are at the same height, with the north support rod being higher than the south support rod, so that the photovoltaic panel faces south at a 30°~45° angle to the ground. A detection module on the photovoltaic panel detects the angle of sunlight received by the panel and outputs a corresponding detection signal. The detection module is connected to the power management module, transmitting electrical signals to it. The power management module obtains the sunlight angle based on the detection signal. For example, if the sunlight angle indicates that the sun is in the east, it simultaneously controls the two support rods on the west side to rise to a preset height, making the photovoltaic panel face east. If the sunlight angle indicates that the sun is directly overhead, it controls the support rods on the west side to fall to a preset height, returning to their original height, making the photovoltaic panel face upwards. If the sunlight angle indicates that the sun is in the west, it simultaneously controls the two pneumatic support rods on the east side to rise to a preset height, making the photovoltaic panel face west. When the power management module indicates no sunlight based on the light angle obtained from the detection signal, it controls the east support rod to return to its original height position according to the power status of the energy storage subsystem, so that the photovoltaic panel faces upward.

[0145] In this embodiment, the power management module also obtains the illumination angle based on the detection signal and adjusts the lifting height of the support rod assembly based on the illumination angle to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel. This allows the photovoltaic panel to convert light energy into electrical energy to the maximum extent, improving the utilization rate of the photovoltaic panel. It also reduces the fluctuation of the output power curve of the photovoltaic subsystem as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, making the peak shaving and valley filling effect of the output power curve of the photovoltaic subsystem more obvious. As a result, the hydrogen production subsystem receives more stable energy and stably outputs high-purity hydrogen.

[0146] See appendix Figure 6 , attached Figure 6 The diagram shows a comparison of the input power of the microgrid subsystem before and after the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system includes the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly. Figure 6 Figure (a) shows the input power variation curve of the microgrid subsystem without the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly. Figure 6 Figure (b) shows the input power variation curve of the microgrid subsystem with the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly. It can be seen that without the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly, the input power fluctuation of the microgrid subsystem is more significant, and the variation increases over time. With the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly, the input power variation curve of the microgrid subsystem is smoother. Therefore, the combined effect of the energy storage subsystem, detection module, and support rod assembly with the microgrid subsystem can improve the frequent waveguide phenomenon of optical input power and enhance the stability of the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system.

[0147] In one embodiment, see Appendix Figure 5 The hydrogen storage system also includes a fuel cell 50. The fuel cell 50 is used to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy; wherein, the microgrid subsystem 20 is also connected to the fuel cell 50 to transmit the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 50 to the energy storage subsystem 40, so that the energy storage subsystem 40 stores the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 50. And / or, the microgrid subsystem 20 is also used to transform the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 50 and supply power to the hydrogen production subsystem 30.

[0148] For example, the hydrogen production subsystem 30 includes an electrolyzer for producing hydrogen under the action of the microgrid subsystem 20. The hydrogen energy used by the fuel cell 50 may be hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production subsystem 30 in the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system.

[0149] In this embodiment, the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 50 provides an uninterrupted backup power supply for the energy storage subsystem 40. When the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic subsystem 10 is insufficient, the fuel cell 50 can generate electrical energy, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic hydrogen storage system.

[0150] In one embodiment, the type of fuel cell includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0151] In this embodiment, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used as an uninterrupted backup fuel cell to provide uninterrupted backup power for the energy storage subsystem. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell uses hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production subsystem in the photohydrogen storage system as hydrogen energy, realizing "green electricity to green hydrogen to green electricity", with zero carbon emissions throughout the process, which is environmentally friendly.

[0152] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0153] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery, characterized in that, include: Battery casing and electrolyte disposed in the battery casing; A negative electrode plate is disposed inside the battery casing and is in contact with the electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a first grid and a mixed slurry coated on the first grid. The mixed slurry includes a first active material and carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel. The carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel is used to store electrons and transfer the electrons to the electrolyte through the first grid. A positive electrode plate is disposed inside the battery casing and is in contact with the electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a second grid and a positive electrode slurry coated on the second grid. The positive electrode slurry includes a second active material. The first and second active substances undergo an electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte under the influence of electrons to charge or discharge.

2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery comprises multiple negative and positive electrode plates, which are alternately arranged, and each negative and positive electrode plate includes a tab; the battery further comprises: A first diaphragm is disposed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to electrically isolate the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate; The first current collector is connected to the tabs of each negative electrode plate to electrically connect each negative electrode plate; The second current collector is connected to the tabs of each of the positive plates to electrically connect the positive plates.

3. The battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positive electrode plate has two opposing surfaces; the battery further includes: A second diaphragm is used to extend from one surface of the positive electrode plate, through the tab side away from the positive electrode plate, to the other surface of the positive electrode plate.

4. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery also includes: Activated carbon sheet, used to be attached to at least one of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode plate.

5. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first active substance includes lead; the second active substance includes lead dioxide.

6. A method for preparing a battery, characterized in that, include: Carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene aerogel, negative electrode slurry, and positive electrode slurry were prepared separately; the negative electrode slurry included a first active material, and the positive electrode slurry included a second active material. The carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel is mixed with the negative electrode slurry to obtain a mixed slurry; The mixed slurry is coated onto the first grid to prepare the negative electrode plate; The positive electrode slurry is coated onto the second grid to prepare the positive electrode plate; The negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate are spaced apart within a battery casing containing electrolyte.

7. The battery preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation of carbon nanotube doped graphene aerogel includes: Preparation of carbon nano-angles; Obtain a first mixture containing a graphene oxide solution; The carbon nanoparticles are mixed into the first mixture and then pulverized and heated to obtain carbon nanoparticle-doped graphene hydrogel. The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogels were washed and dried separately to obtain the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogels.

8. The battery preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation of carbon nano-angles includes: A buffer gas is filled in a vacuum electric arc furnace; the anode graphite rod of the electric arc furnace; The electric arc furnace is energized to evaporate the graphite rod at the anode of the electric arc furnace to obtain the carbon nanoparticles.

9. The battery preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electric arc furnace also includes a cathode; the straight-line distance between the graphite rod of the anode of the electric arc furnace and the cathode of the electric arc furnace is 0.8mm-2.0mm.

10. The battery manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel is cleaned and dried separately to obtain the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel, comprising: The carbon nanotube doped graphene hydrogel was cleaned with an ethanol solution. The carbon nanotube-doped graphene hydrogel was freeze-dried and vacuum-dried and cleaned to obtain the carbon nanotube-doped graphene aerogel.

11. An energy storage subsystem, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of batteries, at least one of which is a battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, or, At least one of the batteries is prepared by the battery preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 10.

12. The energy storage subsystem according to claim 11, characterized in that, The multiple batteries are connected in parallel.

13. A photoelectric hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem as described in claim 11 or 12; The microgrid subsystem is connected to both the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem. A hydrogen production subsystem is connected to the microgrid subsystem; The microgrid subsystem is used to transform the target electrical energy and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem so that the hydrogen production subsystem can produce hydrogen; the target electrical energy is the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic subsystem and / or the energy storage subsystem.

14. The photoelectric hydrogen storage system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The microgrid subsystem includes: The power management module is connected to both the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem. The power conversion module is connected to both the power management module and the hydrogen production subsystem. The power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the photovoltaic subsystem and the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module, so that the target power is transmitted to the power conversion module through the power transmission path; The power conversion module is used to transform the target electrical energy and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem so that the hydrogen production subsystem can produce hydrogen.

15. The photoelectric hydrogen storage system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The power management module is used to connect the power transmission path between the energy storage subsystem and the power conversion module when the output power of the photovoltaic subsystem is less than or equal to a preset value.

16. The photoelectric hydrogen storage system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The photovoltaic subsystem includes: Photovoltaic modules, including at least one photovoltaic panel; A detection module, located on the photovoltaic panel and connected to the power management module, is used to detect the angle of light received by the photovoltaic panel and output a corresponding detection signal to the power management module. A support rod assembly is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the power management module; The power management module is also used to obtain the illumination angle based on the detection signal, and adjust the lifting height of the support rod assembly based on the illumination angle to adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel.

17. The photoelectric hydrogen storage system according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: Fuel cells are used to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy; The microgrid subsystem is also connected to the fuel cell to transmit the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell to the energy storage subsystem, so that the energy storage subsystem stores the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell; and / or, The microgrid subsystem is also used to transform the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell and supply it to the hydrogen production subsystem.

18. The photovoltaic hydrogen storage system according to claim 17, characterized in that, The type of fuel cell includes proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Images