A liquid metal battery reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method, system, device and medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and discloses a liquid metal battery reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method and system.The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the residual capacity of each module and determining a module set with the lowest residual capacity; performing an equalization operation, disconnecting each module in the module set from a series circuit, selecting target modules with the same number as the module set from the remaining modules, splitting the target modules into two independent battery monomers and connecting the two independent battery monomers to the series circuit, and enabling each target module to discharge / charge at a double rate; in response to the residual capacity of each module not satisfying an equalization end condition, repeatedly performing the equalization operation; and in response to the residual capacity of each module satisfying the equalization end condition, restoring each module to a series state.The application is based on a battery device with a reconfigurable equalization topology, and proposes a splitting and reorganization strategy for hybrid equalization, takes the maximum utilization rate of system capacity as the target, uses a multi-module hybrid equalization mode, and improves the equalization rate of the hierarchical topology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, and in particular to a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method, system, device and medium for liquid metal batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid metal batteries, as a newly developed electrochemical energy storage technology, feature a three-layer liquid structure design. They utilize inorganic molten salt and liquid metal as the electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes, respectively, and possess advantages such as low cost, large capacity, and high efficiency, showing broad application prospects in large-scale energy storage. However, in practical applications, the voltage and capacity of a single cell are limited, necessitating series and parallel connections. Since batteries themselves cannot be completely identical due to material properties and manufacturing processes, balanced charging and discharging is a major challenge for various battery applications. Therefore, it is necessary to design suitable balancing topologies and strategies for liquid metal battery balancing management, taking into account the inherent characteristics of liquid metal batteries.

[0003] Current load balancing methods are mainly divided into two categories: real-time rule-based and offline optimization-based.

[0004] Real-time rule-based reconfigurable balancing is based on real-time state detection combined with preset rule-based decision-making. It achieves balancing control by responding promptly to changes in battery state. Its workflow involves real-time detection of battery state parameters such as SOC and voltage, and controlling switching actions according to preset engineering experience rules to perform operations such as battery bypass and module configuration switching, thereby alleviating the limiting effect of the lowest capacity battery on the overall capacity. Its advantages lie in its timely response, simple control logic, and ease of engineering implementation. However, it also has limitations. It essentially treats battery modules as an indivisible whole, failing to fully exploit the reconfiguration potential within the modules. This makes it difficult to achieve full-cell balancing with commonly used series-parallel battery pack topologies, thus limiting the maximization of battery pack capacity utilization.

[0005] Offline optimized reconfigurable equalization relies on optimization algorithms to achieve optimal global capacity utilization. Its core is determining the optimal battery configuration through offline computation. It uses dynamic programming (DP) and other optimization algorithms, combined with parameters such as single-cell capacity, to perform offline time-series optimization of the series-parallel battery combinations to explore the battery configuration that achieves maximum capacity output. Furthermore, it can optimize configuration combinations under given time-varying load conditions for different objectives such as improving energy efficiency and minimizing SOC consumption. Its advantage is that it theoretically guarantees optimal capacity utilization, but the optimized battery configuration is fixed, losing the flexibility of dynamic adjustment. To achieve global optimization, future battery workload information needs to be obtained in advance, which is difficult to meet in practical applications. At the same time, the computational burden of the DP algorithm is heavy, requiring high hardware computing power, which is not conducive to its application in real-time control systems.

[0006] Chinese invention CN106654413A discloses a multi-level balancing control system and method for liquid metal battery packs. This system improves balancing efficiency by combining active and passive balancing through hierarchical balancing management. However, this system does not consider the balancing of battery series-parallel hybrid structures and employs passive balancing, which has relatively low energy efficiency. Therefore, its approach has certain limitations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, this invention provides a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method and system for liquid metal batteries, which solves the problem of battery inconsistency that may occur during the current use of liquid metal batteries in groups.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries applied to a battery device comprising multiple liquid metal battery modules, wherein each module is composed of two adjacent liquid metal battery cells connected in parallel via a three-switch topology, and the modules are connected in series with each other. The control method includes: Get the remaining capacity of each module; Based on the remaining capacity, determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity; Perform a balancing operation by disconnecting each module in the module set from the series circuit, and selecting the same number of target modules from the remaining modules as the number of modules in the module set, splitting them into two independent battery cells and connecting them to the series circuit, so that each target module can be discharged / charged at double the rate. In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balancing termination condition, the balancing operation is repeated. In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, each module is restored to the series connection state.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described in this invention, the method involves determining the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity based on the remaining capacity, including: Sort the remaining capacity of each module and determine the minimum remaining capacity value; In response to any module's remaining capacity being less than or equal to the minimum remaining capacity value, the corresponding module is assigned to the module set.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described in this invention, the equalization termination condition is that the remaining capacity of each module is the same.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to the present invention, the step of repeatedly executing the equalization operation in response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the equalization termination condition includes: determining whether the number of disconnected modules meets a preset threshold, specifically: In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition, the number of modules in the current module set is obtained; In response to the fact that the number of modules in the current module set has not reached the preset number threshold, the balancing operation continues until a balance is achieved. In response to the number of modules in the current module set reaching a preset threshold, a module with the highest capacity is split and a module with the lowest capacity is disconnected. Then, it is determined again whether the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described in this invention, the preset quantity threshold is the rounded-up value of (N+1) / 2; where N is the total number of modules in the battery device.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described in this invention, in response to the remaining capacity of each module satisfying the equalization termination condition, each module is restored to a series connection state, specifically as follows: In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules are reconnected in parallel to form a group, and the disconnected modules are reconnected in series to the series circuit.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to the present invention, the control method is applicable to the discharge and charging processes of the battery device; During the charging process, the remaining capacity of each module represents the rechargeable capacity of each module. The equalization operation is controlled with the goal of ensuring that the rechargeable capacity of each module meets the equalization termination condition.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control system for liquid metal batteries, comprising: a data acquisition unit and a control unit; The data acquisition unit includes an acquisition module and a set determination module; the control unit includes an equalization module, a first judgment module, and a second judgment module; wherein: The acquisition module is used to obtain the remaining capacity of each module. The set determination module is used to determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity based on the remaining capacity; The balancing module is used to perform balancing operations, disconnect each module in the module set from the series circuit, select the same number of target modules as the module set from the remaining modules, split the target module into two independent liquid metal battery cells and connect them to the series circuit, so that each target module can be discharged / charged at double the rate. The first judgment module is used to respond to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the equalization termination condition, adjust the number of modules selected when determining the module set in the future according to the number of modules in the current module set, and return to execute the equalization operation again. The second judgment module is used to respond to the remaining capacity of each module satisfying the equalization termination condition by reconnecting the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules into a group in parallel, and reconnecting the disconnected modules in series to the series circuit.

[0017] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries.

[0018] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a battery device with a reconfigurable topology and related control strategies. This topology enables liquid metal battery packs to have the ability to transform between series and parallel circuit topologies, thereby allowing for hierarchical circuit design. Simultaneously, when the load size is determined, by splitting and recombining parallel modules, and switching them out and back in, the charging and discharging rates of different modules are changed, thus unifying the capacity of these series-connected parallel modules and improving the battery pack capacity utilization rate. Furthermore, its control strategy maximizes the efficiency of equalization, allowing the battery system to reach its theoretical maximum capacity as quickly as possible. It also prevents overcharging and over-discharging of individual cells within the battery pack, extending their lifespan, and provides a broader prospect for applications in large-scale energy storage. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure used in a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process framework of a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery multi-module hybrid splitting and recombining equalization process in a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a simulation result diagram of the battery multi-module hybrid splitting and recombining equalization in a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a simulation result of the original plan to split and reassemble for equalization in a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1, referring to Figure 2 As an embodiment of the present invention, a battery device to which the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries is applied is provided, comprising multiple liquid metal battery modules, each module being composed of two adjacent liquid metal battery cells connected in parallel through a three-switch topology, and the modules being connected in series with each other.

[0029] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 ,include Liquid metal battery cells in modular assembly and One switch; The total number of modules in the battery device; wherein each liquid metal battery cell corresponds to three switches that determine its connection state.

[0030] The reconfigurable equalization topology is a three-switch topology. This topology has a compact space and simple structure, and can easily realize the series-parallel conversion of batteries, as well as easily disconnect the battery from the circuit. The device also includes a data acquisition module for measuring the remaining capacity of the liquid metal battery; the control module adjusts the series-parallel connection and switching-in / out states of the modules according to the different remaining capacities of each module to achieve balancing.

[0031] For example, in combination Figure 1 The form of the layered reconfigurable liquid metal battery module shows that when the middle switch is closed and the switches on both sides are open, it is connected in series, and vice versa.

[0032] It should be noted that the battery device uses a three-switch topology that allows for arbitrary series and parallel configurations to achieve a hierarchical battery topology where adjacent batteries are connected in parallel to form a group, and modules are connected in series with each other. This hierarchical topology design is flexible and reconfigurable, and is considered a relatively low-complexity topology among hierarchical topologies. Example 2, based on the above implementation method, referring to Figures 1-3 This is one embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries is provided, including: S100: Obtain the remaining capacity of each module.

[0033] Specifically, obtaining the remaining capacity of each module in S100 includes the following steps: The real-time remaining capacity of each liquid metal battery cell was collected separately. The sum of the real-time remaining capacity of the two liquid metal battery cells in each module is determined as the remaining capacity of the corresponding module.

[0034] For example, two adjacent individual cells are connected in parallel to form a group, and then these parallel modules are connected in series. Series discharge is then performed on them to collect data. The single-cell capacity of liquid metal batteries , ; This represents the total number of modules in the battery device.

[0035] S200: Based on the remaining capacity, determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity.

[0036] In this embodiment of the application, S200, based on the remaining capacity, determines the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity, including the following steps: Sort the remaining capacity of each module and determine the minimum remaining capacity value; In response to any module's remaining capacity being less than or equal to the minimum remaining capacity value, the corresponding module is assigned to the module set.

[0037] For example, in S200, the module … Sorted by capacity, there are M modules in the set of modules with the lowest capacity. Modules whose capacity difference from the absolute lowest capacity module is within 0.01ah (i.e., the preset threshold) are collectively referred to as modules with the lowest capacity.

[0038] S300: Perform balancing operation, disconnect each module in the module set from the series circuit, and select the same number of target modules as the module set from the remaining modules, split them into two independent battery cells and connect them to the series circuit, so that each target module can be discharged / charged at double rate. For example, refer to Figure 3 The specific equalization control flowchart is shown in the figure. The control flow is described using discharge as an example. S300 performs the equalization operation, disconnects the M modules with the lowest capacity, and selects the M modules with the highest capacity (i.e., target modules) from the remaining modules for splitting, in order to ensure that the voltage level of the system remains unchanged.

[0039] It should be noted that at this time, all the split cells and the undisconnected modules discharge together, and the split modules are in a "double-rate discharge" state, that is: after splitting, the two cells become connected in series in the circuit, the current in the series circuit is still I, and the discharge current of each cell changes from I / 2 to I, which is double rate.

[0040] S400: In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balancing termination condition, repeat the balancing operation; S500: In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, restore each module to the series connection state.

[0041] In this embodiment of the application, the balancing termination condition in S400 and S500 is that the remaining capacity of each module is the same.

[0042] In this embodiment of the application, the response of S400 to the remaining capacity of each module not meeting the balancing termination condition, repeatedly executing the balancing operation, includes: determining whether the number of disconnected modules meets a preset threshold, specifically the following steps A1-A3: A1: In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition, obtain the number of modules in the current module set; Specifically, if the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the condition of having the same capacity, then the number of modules M in the current module set is obtained.

[0043] A2: In response to the fact that the number of modules in the current module set has not reached the preset number threshold, the balancing operation continues until balancing is achieved; In this embodiment of the application, the preset quantity threshold in S400 is the rounded-up value of (N+1) / 2; where N is the total number of modules in the battery device.

[0044] It should be noted that A2 determines whether the number of disconnected modules M ≥ (N+1) / 2 is satisfied. If not, the current equalization operation mode of disconnecting the M lowest capacity modules and splitting the M highest capacity modules remains unchanged, and this equalization operation is repeated until M naturally increases to meet the threshold condition due to the dynamic changes in the capacity of each module during the discharge process. During the continuous equalization process, the currently disconnected M lowest capacity modules no longer discharge, and their capacity remains unchanged, while other modules continue to discharge, and their capacity gradually decreases. When the capacity of one of the other modules drops to the same level as the capacity of the currently disconnected module, that module becomes the new lowest capacity module. Therefore, in the next round of detection, the number of modules M in the module set will automatically increase, and the number of modules in the module set will change naturally with the equalization process.

[0045] A3: In response to the number of modules in the current module set reaching a preset threshold, a module with the highest capacity is split and a module with the lowest capacity is disconnected. Then, it is determined again whether the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, S500 responds to the condition that the remaining capacity of each module meets the equalization termination condition and restores each module to the series connection state, specifically step B1: B1: In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules are reconnected in parallel to form a group; and the disconnected modules are reconnected in series to the series circuit.

[0047] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 Based on the judgment methods of S300-S500 described above, it can be concluded that: After the S300 is split, determine whether the capacity is balanced. If not, proceed to steps A1 and A2; otherwise, proceed to step B1. A1 and A2 are used to determine whether the number of disconnected modules M≥(N+1) / 2 is satisfied. If yes, proceed to step A3; otherwise, proceed to step S300. Then continue to determine whether the capacity is balanced. If it is, proceed to step B1; otherwise, proceed to steps A1 and A2, and so on. Once the system capacity balancing is completed in B1, that is, when the battery capacity of each module is the same, the split modules are reassembled and the bypassed low-capacity modules are reconnected in series into the circuit.

[0048] In this embodiment of the application, the control method is applicable to the discharge and charging processes of the battery device; During the charging process, the remaining capacity of each module refers to the rechargeable capacity of each module; The equalization operation is controlled with the goal of ensuring that the rechargeable capacity of each module meets the equalization termination condition.

[0049] It should be noted that charging equalization has a similar principle to discharging equalization.

[0050] In summary, this invention is a balanced management based on hierarchical dynamic reconfiguration. Based on the hierarchical topology in the above embodiments, it proposes a hybrid balanced splitting and reconfiguration strategy, aiming to maximize the system's capacity utilization. Furthermore, by using a multi-module hybrid balanced approach, the balanced rate of the hierarchical topology is significantly improved.

[0051] Example 3, based on the above implementation method, with reference to Figures 4-6 As an embodiment of the present invention, a simulation experiment of a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries is provided to verify the effectiveness of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the battery multi-module hybrid splitting, reconfiguration, and equalization process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. First, the liquid metal battery pack is divided into a layered structure using a reconfigurable circuit: two cells are connected in parallel to form a module, and then connected in series. It should be noted that layering is necessary when the battery consistency is good to prevent direct parallel connection of cells from damaging the liquid metal battery pack.

[0053] After the layering is completed, taking a parallel module of six liquid metal batteries with a total capacity of [100ah, 90ah, 75ah, 81ah, 73ah, 69ah] as an example, the discharge equalization process is briefly described. The charging equalization process has a similar principle.

[0054] Based on the discharge equalization process, at this point, the minimum module capacity is 69Ah, and the minimum number of modules is 1. Therefore, in the first stage, the module with the highest capacity of 100Ah is split into two liquid metal battery cells to accelerate the discharge rate of the high-capacity module and bring it into a double-rate discharge state. At the same time, the module with the lowest capacity of 69Ah is disconnected to reduce its discharge time while maintaining the voltage stability of the system.

[0055] In the second stage, when the capacity of the second lowest capacity module drops to the same level as the lowest capacity module (both 69Ah), both are disconnected. This effectively delays the shift towards the final equalization target and reduces the equalization time. At the same time, to maintain voltage stability, the two highest capacity modules (92Ah and 86Ah) are split up, allowing them to simultaneously enter a double-rate discharge state.

[0056] In the third stage, when the second high-capacity module discharges at double rate to the same capacity as the third high-capacity module (76ah), it is required to ensure that the number of split modules is the same as the number of modules withdrawn, and the number of the lowest capacity modules remains 2. Therefore, we split the highest capacity module (82ah) and have the two second highest capacity modules (76ah) split alternately.

[0057] The fourth stage introduced three minimum capacity modules, so it was necessary to split the three high capacity modules to maintain voltage balance.

[0058] In the fifth stage, five modules with the lowest capacity have emerged. At this point, according to the balancing strategy, we only need to disconnect one of the highest capacity modules and one of the lowest capacity modules. Therefore, we disconnect the 73.5ah module and alternate with the other modules.

[0059] In the sixth stage, all module capacities reached a uniform 66Ah. Furthermore, although the module was split into two individual units during the splitting process, because they carried the same current, there was no difference in capacity. Therefore, all individual units had a capacity of 33Ah. At this point, all the split individual units were merged to form a module and discharged in series, completing the equalization process.

[0060] Figure 5 This image shows the simulation results of the battery multi-module hybrid splitting, reconfiguration, and equalization provided in an embodiment of the present invention. A 12-cell reconfigurable liquid metal battery model was built in the simulation software, with the cell capacities set to [50Ah, 50Ah, 45Ah, 45Ah, 37.5Ah, 37.5Ah, 40.5Ah, 40.5Ah, 36.5Ah, 36.5Ah, 34.5Ah, 34.5Ah]. The operating condition was set to 10Ah constant current discharge to verify the feasibility of the equalization strategy. It can be seen that the system equalization was completed in 330s, and the total capacity of the six modules was 66Ah.

[0061] Figure 6 The simulation results of the planned split-recombination equalization are provided for embodiments of the present invention. The results employ a common strategy of always splitting the highest-capacity module and removing the lowest-capacity module. It can be seen that the final equalization time for this strategy is 505 seconds, and the total capacity of all six modules is 57 ah. This demonstrates that the multi-module hybrid equalization strategy reduces the equalization time by 34.7%, showcasing the superiority of this equalization strategy.

[0062] Example 4 illustrates a schematic scheme for a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries. It should be noted that the technical solution of this reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control system for liquid metal batteries belongs to the same concept as the technical solution of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described above. Details not described in detail in the technical solution of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control system for liquid metal batteries in this example can be found in the description of the technical solution of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries described above.

[0063] This embodiment provides a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control system for liquid metal batteries, including: a data acquisition unit and a control unit; The data acquisition unit includes an acquisition module and a set determination module; the control unit includes an equalization module, a first judgment module, and a second judgment module; wherein: The acquisition module is used to obtain the remaining capacity of each module. The set determination module is used to determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity based on the remaining capacity; The balancing module is used to perform balancing operations, disconnect each module in the module set from the series circuit, select the same number of target modules as the module set from the remaining modules, split the target module into two independent liquid metal battery cells and connect them to the series circuit, so that each target module discharges at double rate. The first judgment module is used to respond to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the equalization termination condition, adjust the number of modules selected when determining the module set in the future according to the number of modules in the current module set, and return to execute the equalization operation again. The second judgment module is used to respond to the remaining capacity of each module satisfying the equalization termination condition by reconnecting the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules into a group in parallel, and reconnecting the disconnected modules in series to the series circuit.

[0064] It should be noted that this control system is used in conjunction with a battery device containing multiple liquid metal battery modules, as described above. Figure 2 The overall structure includes a reconfigurable liquid metal battery module as the battery device; combined with a data acquisition unit, a control unit, a load unit, and a charger, it forms a reconfigurable balancing device.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control of a liquid metal battery, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0066] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries as proposed in the above embodiments.

[0067] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment belongs to the same inventive concept as the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries proposed in the above embodiments. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0068] From the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries, characterized in that, The invention relates to a battery device comprising multiple liquid metal battery modules, wherein each module is composed of two adjacent liquid metal battery cells connected in parallel via a three-switch topology, and the modules are connected in series with each other. The control method includes: Get the remaining capacity of each module; Based on the remaining capacity, determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity; Perform a balancing operation by disconnecting each module in the module set from the series circuit, and selecting the same number of target modules from the remaining modules as the number of modules in the module set, splitting them into two independent battery cells and connecting them to the series circuit, so that each target module can be discharged / charged at double the rate. In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balancing termination condition, the balancing operation is repeated. In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, each module is restored to the series connection state.

2. The reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the remaining capacity, determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity, including: Sort the remaining capacity of each module and determine the minimum remaining capacity value; In response to any module's remaining capacity being less than or equal to the minimum remaining capacity value, the corresponding module is assigned to the module set.

3. The reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The balancing termination condition is that the remaining capacity of each module is the same.

4. The reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The response that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balancing termination condition, the balancing operation is repeated, including: determining whether the number of disconnected modules meets a preset threshold, specifically: In response to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition, the number of modules in the current module set is obtained; In response to the fact that the number of modules in the current module set has not reached the preset number threshold, the balancing operation continues until a balance is achieved. In response to the number of modules in the current module set reaching a preset threshold, a module with the highest capacity is split and a module with the lowest capacity is disconnected. Then, it is determined again whether the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the balance termination condition.

5. The reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for liquid metal batteries as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The preset quantity threshold is the rounded-up value of (N+1) / 2; where N is the total number of modules in the battery device.

6. A reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery as described in claim 3 or 5, characterized in that, In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, the modules are restored to a series connection state, specifically as follows: In response to the remaining capacity of each module meeting the equalization termination condition, the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules are reconnected in parallel to form a group, and the disconnected modules are reconnected in series to the series circuit.

7. The reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The control method is applicable to the discharge and charging processes of the battery device; During the charging process, the remaining capacity of each module represents the rechargeable capacity of each module. The equalization operation aims to control the rechargeable capacity of each module to meet the equalization termination condition.

8. A reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control system for a liquid metal battery, employing the method described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition unit and control unit; The data acquisition unit includes an acquisition module and a set determination module; the control unit includes an equalization module, a first judgment module, and a second judgment module; wherein: The acquisition module is used to obtain the remaining capacity of each module. The set determination module is used to determine the set of modules with the lowest remaining capacity based on the remaining capacity; The balancing module is used to perform balancing operations, disconnect each module in the module set from the series circuit, select the same number of target modules as the module set from the remaining modules, split the target module into two independent liquid metal battery cells and connect them to the series circuit, so that each target module can be discharged / charged at double the rate. The first judgment module is used to respond to the fact that the remaining capacity of each module does not meet the equalization termination condition, adjust the number of modules selected when determining the module set in the future according to the number of modules in the current module set, and return to execute the equalization operation again. The second judgment module is used to respond to the remaining capacity of each module satisfying the equalization termination condition by reconnecting the two liquid metal battery cells in each of the split target modules into a group in parallel, and reconnecting the disconnected modules in series to the series circuit.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the reconfigurable hierarchical equalization control method for a liquid metal battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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