Battery pack for stepwise utilization

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and provides a battery pack for cascade utilization, which comprises a battery compartment, an energy storage module, a residual energy detection module, an interface adaptation module, a control module and a display module. The battery compartment comprises a box body and a cover plate. The box body comprises a containing cavity with an opening, and the cover plate is arranged on the box body to open and close the opening. The residual energy detection module is arranged in the containing cavity and electrically connected to the energy storage module to monitor the health index of the energy storage module and its battery cell. The interface adaptation module is electrically connected to a plurality of energy storage modules. The control module is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module and the interface adaptation module to control the discharge of the discharge interface. The display module is electrically connected to the control module to display the health index. The health index is used to indicate the disassembly and replacement of the energy storage module and / or the battery cell. The present disclosure can collect the health index of the battery cell and the energy storage module in real time by adding the residual energy detection module, intuitively determine the aging degree, facilitate the hierarchical allocation and use, and improve the cascade battery utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and more particularly to a battery pack for cascaded use. Background Technology

[0002] A battery pack, also known as a battery array, is an energy storage device that integrates multiple battery cells through series and parallel connections, and is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, and a structural casing. As a core power or energy storage unit, it is widely used in forklifts, electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage systems. However, existing battery packs lack dedicated residual energy detection modules, making it impossible to obtain real-time health indices for cells and energy storage modules, and difficult to intuitively assess the degree of cell aging and degradation. Maintenance personnel cannot accurately distinguish the state of cell degradation, cannot allocate cells to suitable loads as needed, and continued connection of degraded cells to high-power equipment can exacerbate damage. Furthermore, the inability to promptly identify cells requiring replacement poses safety hazards and significantly reduces the recycling rate of second-generation batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a battery pack for cascaded use to solve the problems in the related art.

[0004] The first aspect of this disclosure provides a battery pack for cascaded use, comprising:

[0005] A battery compartment includes a housing and a cover; the housing includes an open receiving cavity, and the cover is provided in the housing such that the open opening can be opened and closed;

[0006] An energy storage module, disposed within the receiving cavity, includes multiple energy storage modules that are electrically connected; each energy storage module includes a support plate and multiple battery cells that are electrically connected; the multiple battery cells are arranged in an array and are detachably disposed on the support plate;

[0007] A residual energy monitoring module is located inside the cavity and electrically connected to the energy storage module to monitor the health index of the energy storage module and its battery cells.

[0008] An interface adapter module is electrically connected to multiple energy storage modules, including multiple discharge interfaces of different types;

[0009] The control module is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module and the interface adapter module, and is used to control the discharge interface to discharge.

[0010] The display module, electrically connected to the control module, is used to display the health index; wherein the health index is used to indicate the removal and replacement of the energy storage module and / or the battery cell.

[0011] In an embodiment of the first aspect, a plurality of slots are formed in an array on the support plate; the plurality of battery cells are detachably disposed in the corresponding slots.

[0012] In a first aspect embodiment, the health index includes a first health index corresponding to the energy storage module; the residual energy detection module is configured to perform a first-level monitoring action, including: monitoring whether the first health index of the energy storage module is lower than a preset first threshold; wherein, the first threshold is 80%.

[0013] In the first aspect of the embodiment, the health index further includes a second health index corresponding to each of the battery cells; the residual energy detection module is configured to perform a secondary monitoring action, including: if the first health index is determined to be lower than 80% by the primary monitoring action, further obtaining the second health index of each battery cell in each of the energy storage modules; identifying whether the second health index of each battery cell is lower than a preset second threshold; wherein the second threshold is 80%.

[0014] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the control module is further configured to: issue a prompt signal based on the judgment result of the first-level monitoring action to indicate that the overall health index of the energy storage module is below 80%; and the display module displays the location information of the cells with a second health index below 80% based on the judgment result of the second-level monitoring action.

[0015] In the first aspect of the embodiment, an alarm unit is further included, which is communicatively connected to the control module; the control module controls the alarm unit to issue a first alarm signal in response to a first health index of the energy storage module being lower than 80%; the control module controls the alarm unit to issue a second alarm signal in response to a preset number of cells in the same energy storage module having a second health index lower than 80%.

[0016] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the residual energy detection module includes at least one of a capacity detection unit, a voltage detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.

[0017] In an embodiment of the first aspect, a protection module is further included, electrically connected to the control module; the protection module includes an overcharge protection unit, an over-discharge protection unit, a short circuit protection unit, an over-temperature protection unit, and a leakage prevention unit.

[0018] In the first aspect of the embodiment, a connecting unit is provided between two adjacent support plates.

[0019] In the first aspect of the embodiment, a plurality of energy storage modules are stacked in the receiving cavity, and a buffer is provided between two adjacent battery modules.

[0020] As described above, this disclosure relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and provides a battery pack for cascaded utilization, including a battery compartment, an energy storage module, a residual energy detection module, an interface adapter module, a control module, and a display module: the battery compartment includes a housing and a cover; the housing includes an open-ended receiving cavity, and the cover is openably and closably disposed within the housing; the energy storage module is disposed within the receiving cavity and includes multiple energy storage modules electrically connected; each energy storage module includes a support plate and multiple battery cells electrically connected; the multiple battery cells are arranged in an array and detachably disposed on the support plate; the residual energy detection module is disposed within the receiving cavity and electrically connected to the energy storage module to monitor the health index of the energy storage module and its battery cells; the interface adapter module is electrically connected to the multiple energy storage modules and includes multiple discharge interfaces of different types; the control module is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module and the interface adapter module for controlling the discharge of the discharge interfaces; the display module is electrically connected to the control module for displaying the health index; wherein, the health index is used to indicate the removal and replacement of the energy storage module and / or the battery cells. This disclosure allows for the real-time collection of health indices of battery cells and energy storage modules by adding a residual energy detection module. This enables a direct assessment of the degree of aging, facilitating tiered allocation and use, early disconnection of high-load equipment, adaptation to low-power scenarios, timely replacement of degraded battery cells, mitigation of failure risks, and improvement of the utilization efficiency of secondary batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a battery pack for cascaded utilization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an energy storage module in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a battery pack for cascaded utilization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic of a residual energy detection module in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of a protection module in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 110. Battery compartment; 111. Housing; 112. Cover plate; 120. Energy storage module; 121. Energy storage unit; 1211. Support plate; 1212. Battery cell; 130. Residual energy detection module; 131. Capacity detection unit; 132. Voltage detection unit; 133. Temperature detection unit; 140. Interface adapter module; 150. Control module; 160. Display module; 170. Alarm unit; 180. Protection module; 181. Overcharge protection unit; 182. Over-discharge protection unit; 183. Short circuit protection unit; 184. Over-temperature protection unit; 185. Leakage drain unit; 210. Bus; 220. Processor; 230. Memory; 240. Communicator. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this disclosure from the information disclosed herein. This disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this disclosure can be modified or changed according to different viewpoints and application modules without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0030] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains can readily implement it. This disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0031] In this disclosure, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic represented in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics represented may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or a group of embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples represented in this disclosure, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the representation of this disclosure, "a set" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] For the purpose of clarity, devices unrelated to the description are omitted, and the same or similar components throughout the specification are given the same reference numerals.

[0034] Throughout this specification, when it is said that a device is "connected" to another device, this includes not only "direct connection" but also "indirect connection" by placing other components in between. Furthermore, when it is said that a device "comprises" a certain constituent element, unless otherwise stated otherwise, this does not exclude other constituent elements, but rather implies that other constituent elements may be included.

[0035] While the terms first, second, etc., are used in some examples herein to refer to various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, first interface and second interface, etc., are used. Furthermore, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms unless the context indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” indicate the presence of the stated feature, step, operation, element, module, item, kind, and / or group, but do not exclude the presence, occurrence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, modules, items, kinds, and / or groups. The terms “or” and “and / or” as used herein are interpreted as inclusive, or mean any one or any combination thereof. Thus, “A, B, or C” or “A, B, and / or C” means “any one of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C.” Exceptions to this definition will only occur if the combination of elements, functions, steps, or operations is inherently mutually exclusive in some way.

[0036] The technical terms used herein are for reference only to specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. The singular form used herein includes the plural form unless the statement explicitly indicates otherwise. The word "comprising" as used in this specification means to specify a particular characteristic, region, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component, and does not exclude the presence or addition of other characteristics, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components.

[0037] Although not explicitly defined, all terms, including technical and scientific terms used herein, shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be further interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the relevant technical literature and the message of the present disclosure, and shall not be over-interpreted as having an ideal or overly formulaic meaning unless otherwise defined.

[0038] A battery pack, also known as a battery array, is an energy storage device that integrates multiple battery cells through series and parallel connections, and is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, and a structural casing. As a core power or energy storage unit, it is widely used in forklifts, electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage systems. However, existing battery packs lack dedicated residual energy detection modules, making it impossible to obtain real-time health indices for cells and energy storage modules, and difficult to intuitively assess the degree of cell aging and degradation. Maintenance personnel cannot accurately distinguish the state of cell degradation, cannot allocate cells to suitable loads as needed, and continued connection of degraded cells to high-power equipment can exacerbate damage. Furthermore, the inability to promptly identify cells requiring replacement poses safety hazards and significantly reduces the recycling rate of second-generation batteries.

[0039] Based on the above problems, this disclosure adds a residual energy detection module to collect the health index of the battery cells and energy storage modules in real time, intuitively determine the degree of aging, facilitate graded allocation and use, disconnect high-load equipment in advance, adapt to low-power scenarios, replace deteriorated battery cells in a timely manner, avoid failure risks, and improve the utilization efficiency of cascaded batteries.

[0040] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a battery pack for cascaded utilization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an energy storage module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example, the battery pack for secondary use includes a battery compartment 110, an energy storage module 120, a residual energy detection module 130, an interface adapter module 140, a control module 150, and a display module 160.

[0041] The battery compartment 110 includes a housing 111 and a cover 112. The battery compartment 110 includes an open receiving cavity, which may be rectangular or polygonal, and correspondingly, the openness may also be rectangular or polygonal.

[0042] The battery compartment 110 is made of an alloy material, such as aluminum alloy, high-strength steel, or magnesium alloy. In some embodiments, the battery compartment 110 is formed by welding multiple parts together or by integral stamping. It is understood that welding is suitable for large-sized housings 111, while stamping is suitable for small-sized housings 111.

[0043] The cover plate 112 is provided on the housing 111 to open and close the opening. For example, the cover plate 112 is hinged to one side of the housing 111, so that the opening can be opened or closed by flipping the cover plate 112. In order to keep the cover plate 112 in the closed opening state, a locking structure is provided between the cover plate 112 and the housing 111; for example, one of the cover plate 112 and the housing 111 is provided with a locking tongue, and the other is provided with a latch for locking with the locking tongue. In other embodiments, the installation methods of the locking tongue and the latch can be interchanged, and are not limited to this embodiment.

[0044] In some embodiments, a sealing structure is provided between the cover plate 112 and the housing 111 to seal the opening. For example, a sealing gasket is provided between the bottom wall of the cover plate 112 and the top wall of the housing 111, and the shape of the sealing gasket is adapted to the shape of the opening.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bottom of the housing 111 is provided with anti-slip and shock-absorbing pads to adapt to the vibration environment during forklift operation.

[0046] The energy storage module 120 is disposed within the receiving cavity and includes multiple energy storage modules 121 that are electrically connected. In this embodiment, the multiple energy storage modules 121 are stacked within the receiving cavity along the depth direction of the receiving cavity.

[0047] Each of the energy storage modules 121 includes a support plate 1211 and a plurality of electrically connected battery cells 1212; the plurality of battery cells 1212 are arranged in an array and are detachably disposed on the support plate 1211.

[0048] In the energy storage module 121 provided in this embodiment, the support plate 1211 is constructed as a structural substrate with load-bearing and positioning functions. Specifically, the upper surface of the support plate 1211 is machined with multiple slots distributed in a matrix or array, with a preset distance between each slot to match the shape and arrangement requirements of the battery cell 1212. Each slot is designed as a contoured groove adapted to the bottom shape of the battery cell 1212, and its inner wall contour fits against the outer peripheral wall of the battery cell 1212. The battery cell 1212 is mechanically connected by being detachably inserted into the corresponding slot through this contoured structure.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that the inner wall of the slot and the outer wall of the battery cell 1212 are in a clearance fit or a slight interference fit, which effectively restricts the degree of freedom of the battery cell 1212 in the horizontal direction and prevents it from loosening, shaking or displacing when subjected to vibration or impact; the battery cell 1212 can be directly inserted into the slot in the vertical direction without additional fasteners or tools, which facilitates automated production line assembly and subsequent maintenance and replacement; through multi-point array positioning, the entire energy storage module 121 is more stable and reliable in its overall structure, which helps to improve the system's shock resistance and cycle life.

[0050] A connecting unit is provided between two adjacent support plates 1211. For example, the top wall of each support plate 1211 has multiple rectangularly distributed connecting holes, and the bottom wall has connecting pins. In this way, the two stacked support plates 1211 can be connected through the pin holes, so that the lower support plate 1211 can support the upper support plate 1211, thereby preventing the upper energy storage module 121 from directly pressing against the lower battery cell 1212 and causing damage to the battery cell 1212.

[0051] In some embodiments, a buffer element is provided between two adjacent battery modules. For example, buffer foam or buffer pad.

[0052] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the slot or the outer wall of the battery cell 1212 may be further provided with a buffer layer or an anti-slip coating to further improve the clamping force and protection performance of the battery cell 1212.

[0053] In other embodiments, the plurality of energy storage modules 121 may also be disposed in the cavity in a stacked manner along the length or width of the cavity, and are not limited to this embodiment.

[0054] In other embodiments, each of the support plates 1211 is also provided with a handle for operation, so that staff can easily pick up and put down the energy storage module 121.

[0055] It is understood that multiple cells 1212 in the same energy storage module 121 are electrically connected in series or parallel, and the multiple energy storage modules 121 connected in series or parallel are further electrically connected in series or parallel. The cells 1212 can be lithium iron phosphate batteries.

[0056] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the circuit structure of a battery pack for tiered utilization according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Combined with... Figure 3It is understood that the interface adapter module 140 is electrically connected to multiple energy storage modules 121, including multiple discharge interfaces of different types. It is also understood that different types of discharge interfaces can be used to provide power to different electrical devices when the battery pack is at different health levels.

[0057] In this embodiment, two discharge interfaces are implemented. For example, one discharge interface is adapted to the forklift power interface, and the other discharge interface can be implemented as a standardized universal interface that can be directly connected to energy storage systems and backup power equipment without additional modification, adapting to various scenarios such as grid-side energy storage, industrial and commercial energy storage, and backup power for communication base stations.

[0058] The residual energy monitoring module is located inside the cavity and is electrically connected to the energy storage module 120 to monitor the health index of the energy storage module 120 and each of its battery cells 1212.

[0059] The control module 150 is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module 130 and the interface adapter module 140, and is used to control the discharge interface to discharge; the display module 160 is electrically connected to the control module 150, and is used to display the health index; wherein, the health index is used to indicate the disassembly and replacement of the energy storage module 120 and / or the battery cell 1212.

[0060] The health index includes a first health index and a second health index. The first health index corresponds to the energy storage module 120, and the second health index corresponds to each of the battery cells 1212.

[0061] In this embodiment, the residual energy detection module 130 is configured to perform a first-level monitoring action, including: monitoring whether the first health index of the energy storage module 120 is lower than a preset first threshold; wherein, the first threshold is 80%.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that when the first health index of the energy storage module 120 is below 80%, the battery pack can be disconnected from the current electrical equipment in a timely manner and connected to equipment with relatively low energy density and power requirements, such as energy storage or communication base station backup.

[0063] In this embodiment, the residual energy detection module 130 is configured to perform a secondary monitoring action, including: if the primary monitoring action determines that the first health index is lower than 80%, further obtaining the second health index of each cell 1212 in each energy storage module 121; identifying whether the second health index of each cell 1212 is lower than a preset second threshold; wherein the second threshold is 80%.

[0064] In this embodiment, the display module 160 displays the location information of battery cells 1212 with a second health index below 80% based on the judgment result of the secondary monitoring action. It is understood that each battery cell 1212 is pre-assigned a unique physical address identifier, including the energy storage module 121 number, the row number, and the column number within the energy storage module 121. When the secondary monitoring action determines that the second health index of a battery cell 1212 is below a preset second threshold (80%), the residual energy detection module 130 sends the physical address and second health index of the battery cell 1212 to the display module 160. The display module 160 highlights the location identifier corresponding to the battery cell 1212 on the interface with a color or graphic different from that of normal battery cells 1212, and upon receiving a user query command, pops up a detailed prompt box containing the location information and specific health index of the battery cell 1212, thereby achieving intuitive and accurate location of the abnormal battery cell 1212.

[0065] The advantage of this setup is that when the first health index of the energy storage module 120 is below 80%, staff can quickly locate and open the cover 112 based on the visual location information presented by the display module 160, and selectively replace each of the cells 1212 with a second health index below 80% with cells 1212 in good health (which can be new cells 1212 or selected second-use cells 1212). Compared to the solution of scrapping or replacing the entire battery pack, this embodiment achieves "point-to-point" refined maintenance, significantly reducing the maintenance cost and material waste of the battery pack.

[0066] More importantly, the replaced cells 1212 with a second health index below 80% do not directly enter the scrapping process. Instead, they can be screened and recombined based on their remaining capacity to build new battery packs suitable for application scenarios with relatively low energy density and power requirements (such as backup power for communication base stations, low-speed electric vehicles, or distributed energy storage devices). This maximizes the full life cycle value of cells 1212 and further improves the economic benefits and resource utilization of cascade utilization.

[0067] To ensure timely disconnection of the battery pack from the current electrical equipment, the control module 150 is further configured to issue a warning signal based on the judgment result of the first-level monitoring action, indicating that the overall health index of the energy storage module 121 is below 80%. For example, the secondary battery pack also includes an alarm unit 170, communicatively connected to the control module 150. In response to the energy storage module 120's first health index falling below 80%, the control module 150 controls the alarm unit 170 to issue a first alarm signal.

[0068] In some embodiments, the alarm unit 170 may be implemented as at least one of a buzzer, an alarm, or an alarm light. Correspondingly, the alarm unit 170 is disposed on the outer wall of the enclosure 111 for easy observation by personnel.

[0069] In other embodiments, the control module 150 may also be implemented to control the alarm unit 170 to issue a second alarm signal in response to the number of cells 1212 in the same energy storage module 121 with a second health index below 80% exceeding a preset number. Preferably, the second alarm signal has the same or similar alarm method as the first alarm signal, but differs in alarm intensity. Specifically, the warning intensity of the second alarm signal is higher than that of the first alarm signal. For example, when the alarm unit 170 is a buzzer, the second alarm signal can sound at a higher frequency or with a larger volume; when the alarm unit 170 is an alarm light, the second alarm signal can use a flashing light with higher brightness or a constant red light. Through this degree of differentiated design, staff can make a preliminary judgment on the severity of the fault by hearing or seeing, without connecting to a host computer or viewing the display module 160.

[0070] Understandably, when the number of abnormal 1212 cells in a single module exceeds a preset threshold (such as exceeding 20%, 30%, or 40% of the total number of 1212 cells), the risk of thermal runaway in that module increases significantly. By triggering a stronger second alarm signal, the system effectively performs a "secondary screening," reminding staff to immediately stop the machine for inspection to prevent a chain reaction caused by a few substandard 1212 cells, thereby eliminating potential safety hazards in their infancy.

[0071] Meanwhile, the residual energy detection module 130 has a built-in storage unit that can store the battery pack's full life cycle data from manufacturing to retirement, including charge and discharge cycles, maximum capacity, health index change curves, etc., providing accurate basis for performance evaluation of secondary utilization after retirement.

[0072] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a residual energy detection module in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown in the example, the residual energy detection module 130 includes a capacity detection unit 131, a voltage detection unit 132, and a temperature detection unit 133. These are used to detect the remaining capacity, operating voltage, and operating temperature of the removable battery module in real time, respectively. The detected data is then transmitted to the control module 150. After receiving all the detected data, the control module 150 performs data fusion calculations, and the data is displayed by the display module 160.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that the capacity detection unit 131 is the core acquisition unit for the remaining capacity and state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module 120, and works in conjunction with the positive and negative output circuits of the energy storage module 120. The specific working content is as follows:

[0074] The remaining capacity (SOC) detection process involves the capacity detection unit 131, which incorporates a high-precision current sampling resistor and a coulomb counter chip. It collects the input / output current of the charging and discharging circuit of the energy storage module 120 in real time, continuously accumulating the charged and discharged capacity using the coulomb integration method. Simultaneously, it corrects integration errors using voltage and temperature compensation coefficients, calculates the current remaining usable capacity of the energy storage module 120 in real time, and outputs a remaining capacity value in the range of 0% to 100%. During the charging phase, the charging charge is continuously accumulated to increase the capacity value; during the discharging phase, the discharging charge is continuously deducted to decrease the capacity value; and during the resting phase, a self-discharge compensation algorithm slightly corrects the capacity data to avoid capacity estimation errors caused by prolonged resting.

[0075] Data output: The capacity detection unit 131 synchronously transmits the real-time remaining capacity SOC digital signal to the control module 150 as the basic parameter for residual energy judgment, charge and discharge protection, and early warning.

[0076] The voltage detection unit 132 is used to continuously collect the total operating voltage of the energy storage module 120 and the voltage divider of the individual cells 1212, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the operating voltage and identification of overvoltage and undervoltage faults. The specific working process is as follows:

[0077] Total Voltage Acquisition: The voltage detection unit 132 is equipped with a multi-channel voltage divider sampling circuit. The input of the voltage divider circuit is directly connected in parallel to the total positive and total negative output terminals of the energy storage module 120. Through a precision voltage divider resistor, the high voltage of the energy storage module is converted into a low-voltage analog signal that can be recognized by the sampling chip. After analog-to-digital conversion, the real-time total operating voltage value of the energy storage module 120 is output, accurately capturing voltage fluctuations throughout the charging and discharging process. During the charging phase, the voltage rise curve is monitored; during the discharging phase, the voltage drop curve is monitored; and during the resting phase, the static open-circuit voltage is monitored.

[0078] Individual cell voltage acquisition: The unit expands multiple independent sampling channels, which are respectively connected to the two poles of each cell 1212 in the energy storage module 121, and the voltage of each individual cell 1212 is collected one by one to determine the voltage difference of individual cells 1212 and the imbalance of cells 1212. The auxiliary control module 150 executes the equalization control logic.

[0079] Status determination and data upload: The voltage detection unit 132 has a built-in voltage threshold comparison logic. When the collected voltage exceeds the preset charging overvoltage threshold and discharging undervoltage threshold, a fault mark is marked simultaneously. The total working voltage, the voltage of each individual cell 1212, and the voltage abnormality mark signal are sent to the control module 150, so that the control module 150 can determine whether to cut off the charging and discharging circuit and trigger a fault alarm.

[0080] The temperature detection unit 133 is responsible for collecting the operating temperature of the energy storage module 120, which is divided into the acquisition of the cell 1212 body temperature and the acquisition of the module ambient temperature. It relies on a surface-mount thermistor / NTC temperature sensor to achieve multi-point temperature measurement. Specific work content:

[0081] Temperature acquisition setup: Multiple temperature sensors are arranged close to the surface of the energy storage cell 1212 and the heat dissipation area of ​​the module. The sensor wires are connected to the internal signal conditioning circuit of the temperature detection unit 133. The conditioning circuit amplifies and filters the weak resistance signal of the sensor to eliminate electromagnetic interference caused by the large current of charging and discharging, thereby improving the temperature measurement accuracy.

[0082] Real-time temperature monitoring and grading: The unit continuously collects real-time temperatures at various points and outputs the average operating temperature of the energy storage module (120), the highest temperature of the 1212 battery cell, and the lowest temperature of the 1212 battery cell. Internally preset high-temperature protection thresholds and low-temperature charge / discharge limit thresholds are used to compare the collected temperatures with these thresholds in real time, marking over-temperature and low-temperature abnormal states. High temperatures reflect the risk of overheating and heat dissipation failure in the 1212 battery cell, while low temperatures identify capacity decay and lithium plating safety hazards during charging.

[0083] Data interaction: The temperature detection unit 133 transmits multi-point measured temperature data and temperature abnormality status codes to the control module 150 in a synchronized manner. The control module 150 combines the temperature parameters to correct the capacity and voltage, calculates the compensation coefficient, and controls the start and stop of the heat dissipation components according to the temperature. In case of extreme over-temperature, the energy storage output circuit is cut off to achieve thermal protection.

[0084] Similarly, it is understandable that during the normal operation of the energy storage module 120, the capacity detection unit 131, voltage detection unit 132, and temperature detection unit 133 synchronously and in parallel collect parameters. The analog / digital detection data output by the three types of detection units are uniformly summarized to the signal integration circuit inside the residual energy detection module 130. After noise reduction and verification, the data is packaged and transmitted to the control module 150. After receiving all the detection data, the control module 150 completes the data fusion calculation, integrates the remaining capacity, health index, real-time voltage, and operating temperature multi-dimensional information, generates standardized residual energy status data, and sends it to the display module 160. The display module 160 then intuitively displays the current residual energy and health index of the energy storage module 120 in at least one of the following forms: numbers, progress bars, and status icons.

[0085] Figure 5The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a protection module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 and Figure 5 In the example, the battery pack for secondary use also includes a protection module 180, which is electrically connected to the control module 150; the protection module 180 includes an overcharge protection unit 181, an over-discharge protection unit 182, a short circuit protection unit 183, an over-temperature protection unit 184, and a leakage prevention unit 185.

[0086] I. Overcharge Protection Unit 181

[0087] The existing battery packs have poor consistency and varying degrees of aging among their cascaded 1212 cells, which can easily lead to problems such as overcharging of a single 1212 cell while the total voltage fails to reach the protection threshold, resulting in leakage protection. This overcharge protection unit 181 is optimized for the characteristics of cascaded batteries, achieving dual-path monitoring and protection of total voltage and individual cells.

[0088] Signal Acquisition: The overcharge protection unit 181 is equipped with multiple voltage sampling channels to collect the total output voltage of the battery pack and the voltage of each individual cell 1212. It also receives real-time capacity and temperature data transmitted by the residual energy detection module 130 as the basis for compensation judgment. The unit has pre-stored the total charging cutoff voltage and individual cell overcharge threshold adapted to the tiered cells 1212. The threshold can be dynamically corrected by the control module 150 according to the battery health index SOH. The more severe the aging of the cell 1212, the lower the set charging cutoff voltage.

[0089] Real-time judgment logic: Under charging conditions, the measured voltage is continuously compared with the protection threshold. If the voltage of any single cell 1212 first reaches the single cell overcharge threshold, or the total voltage of the battery pack reaches the total voltage overcharge threshold, an overcharge risk is immediately determined. At the same time, combined with the temperature of the cell 1212 for auxiliary judgment, the overcharge trigger voltage is further reduced in high temperature environment to avoid high temperature charging aggravating the side reaction of cell 1212.

[0090] Protection Execution and Signal Feedback: After overcharge protection is triggered, the unit quickly drives the charging circuit MOS transistor or relay to cut off the charging input path and block continuous charging; at the same time, it sends an overcharge fault level signal to the control module 150, and the control module 150 pushes the fault information to the display module 160 for alarm. After the voltage drops back to the safe range, charging can be resumed only after manual reset or verification by the control module 150 that there is no abnormality.

[0091] II. Over-discharge protection unit 182

[0092] The capacity decay of the cascade battery cell 1212 is uneven. When the high current is discharged, the weaker cell 1212 is prone to premature undervoltage. Traditional single total voltage protection can easily cause some cells 1212 to be permanently damaged by deep over-discharge. This over-discharge protection unit 182 adopts a single cell priority judgment mechanism.

[0093] Operating condition monitoring: The total voltage of the battery pack and the voltage of each tiered cell 1212 are collected synchronously throughout the discharge process, and the remaining SOC data output by the capacity detection unit 131 is received; the unit has built-in discharge lower limit total voltage and individual cell undervoltage protection thresholds, and raises the discharge cut-off voltage for old tiered cells 1212 with low health to avoid deep discharge accelerating capacity decay.

[0094] Risk assessment: During discharge, if the voltage of any single 1212 cell is lower than the single cell undervoltage threshold, it is judged as an over-discharge fault regardless of whether the total voltage of the battery pack is normal; in high-current discharge scenarios, a voltage drop compensation algorithm is superimposed to correct the voltage misjudgment caused by line voltage drop and prevent false triggering of protection during high power output.

[0095] Protection action: After triggering over-discharge protection, the battery pack's external discharge output circuit is directly cut off, and external power supply is stopped; an over-discharge fault code is uploaded to the control module 150, and the display module 160 simultaneously displays an undervoltage alarm. Only when a charging power supply is connected and the voltage of the battery cell 1212 rises back to the safe range will the protection unit release the lockout and restore the discharge function.

[0096] III. Short Circuit Protection Unit 183

[0097] Aging of the wiring harness, loose connections, and external load failures in secondary battery packs can easily lead to short circuits between the positive and negative terminals. These short circuits generate extremely large inrush currents, and conventional overcurrent protection systems often exhibit delayed responses, making it highly susceptible to thermal runaway of the 1212 battery cell. This short-circuit protection unit 183 employs a dual protection approach: rapid hardware sampling and secondary software verification.

[0098] Real-time current acquisition: The short-circuit protection unit 183 has a built-in high-precision high-speed current sampling resistor and a dedicated short-circuit detection chip, which are connected in series in the main power circuit of the battery pack. It can acquire the instantaneous current of the charging and discharging main circuit in real time at the microsecond level; it can distinguish between normal charging and discharging current, instantaneous inrush current, and large current of short-circuit fault, and has a built-in short-circuit current threshold.

[0099] High-speed protection logic: When the instantaneous current in the circuit exceeds the short-circuit judgment threshold, the hardware circuit does not need to be calculated by the control module 150. It directly drives the power switching device to turn off the main circuit. The hardware response time is in the microsecond range, which suppresses the continuous impact of the short-circuit large current on the battery cell 1212. At the same time, the short-circuit pulse signal is uploaded to the control module 150 to store the fault record.

[0100] Fault lockout mechanism: After short circuit protection is triggered, the circuit remains open and locked to prevent repeated on / off switching of short circuit faults from generating arcs and ignition; the protection module 180 can only restore power circuit conduction after manual inspection of the line and load faults and reset, thus eliminating the risk of short circuit fire in the secondary battery.

[0101] IV. Over-temperature protection unit 184

[0102] The cascaded battery cell 1212 has a higher internal resistance and generates much more heat during charging and discharging than a brand new battery cell 1212. High temperature can easily cause bulging, leakage, and thermal chain runaway. This over-temperature protection unit 184 is linked with the temperature detection unit 133 mentioned above to achieve multi-point temperature measurement and graded protection.

[0103] Multi-point temperature acquisition and docking: The over-temperature protection unit 184 establishes signal interaction with the temperature detection unit 133 to acquire three types of temperature data in real time: multi-point surface temperature of cell 1212, ambient temperature of battery pack cavity, and temperature of wire harness connector. Multi-level temperature protection thresholds are set: warning temperature, power limit temperature, and circuit cut-off temperature.

[0104] Graded protection logic: ① When the warning temperature is reached: only a high temperature warning signal is uploaded to the control module 150, and a pop-up window is displayed on the display module 160, without cutting off the circuit; ② When the power limit temperature is reached: the control module 150 limits the maximum charging and discharging current of the battery pack to reduce the heating rate; ③ When the high temperature cut-off threshold is reached: the over-temperature protection unit 184 directly cuts off the charging and discharging dual circuits and performs shutdown protection.

[0105] Temperature-linked compensation: Simultaneously limits high-current charging in low-temperature scenarios to avoid lithium plating during low-temperature charging of cascaded 1212 cells, while taking into account both high-temperature thermal runaway protection and low-temperature 1212 cell damage protection, fully covering safe operating conditions across the entire temperature range.

[0106] V. Leakage Prevention Unit 185

[0107] The 1212 secondary battery cell has potential leakage risks such as aging and encapsulation failure, shell corrosion, and aging of sealant. Existing protection solutions lack leakage monitoring and emergency response measures. After electrolyte leakage, it can easily corrode circuits and cause short circuits and spontaneous combustion. This leakage prevention unit 185 realizes real-time leakage monitoring and linkage protection.

[0108] Leakage sensing arrangement and signal acquisition: Multiple sets of electrolyte sensing sensors are arranged at the bottom of the battery pack compartment and below the 1212 cell module. The sensors are connected to the 185 signal conditioning circuit of the anti-leakage unit. The electrolyte has conductive properties. Once the 1212 cell leaks and wets the sensor, the sensor circuit is turned on and a level change occurs. The unit can identify the leakage trigger signal in real time.

[0109] Leakage classification: There are two levels of judgment criteria: minor leakage and major leakage. Minor leakage will only send an early warning signal; large-area leakage will be judged as a high-risk fault.

[0110] Linkage protection execution: When a leakage fault is detected, the leakage prevention unit 185 immediately sends a fault signal to the control module 150, and simultaneously cooperates with the short circuit and over-temperature unit to cut off the main charging and discharging circuit and stop the battery pack from working; the control module 150 controls the display module 160 to continuously pop up leakage fault alarms, lock the battery pack output, prohibit further use, and prompt maintenance personnel to open the cover for inspection and replacement of the failed cell 1212 to prevent electrolyte corrosion of the wiring harness from causing secondary short circuits and fire accidents.

[0111] Similarly, it is understandable that during normal operation of the battery pack, the overcharge protection unit 181, over-discharge protection unit 182, short-circuit protection unit 183, over-temperature protection unit 184, and leakage prevention unit 185 simultaneously and in parallel monitor the battery pack voltage, current, temperature, and leakage status, with each unit independently completing local threshold determination. When any unit detects a safety risk, on the one hand, the local hardware quickly executes first-level protection actions such as disconnection and current limiting, and on the other hand, it synchronously transmits the corresponding fault signal and fault level to the control module 150. The control module 150 summarizes all protection fault information and sends it to the display module 160 to intuitively display the fault type, while recording the fault occurrence time and operating parameters to form a fault log. After the fault is eliminated and manually reset, each unit of the protection module 180 resumes normal monitoring, and the battery pack resumes normal charging and discharging operation.

[0112] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a computer device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 In this example, the computer device 200 includes a bus 210, a processor 220, and a memory 230. The processor 220 and the memory 230 can communicate with each other via the bus 210. The memory 230 can store program instructions. The aforementioned control unit can be implemented by the computer device 200. The processor 220 implements the previous embodiments by running the program instructions in the memory 230. Figure 2 The steps of the control unit 150 in the above.

[0113] Bus 210 can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus 210 or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus 210, etc. Bus 210 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, although... Figure 6 The symbol is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus 210 or one type of bus 210.

[0114] In some embodiments, the processor 220 may be implemented as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor unit (MCU), a system-on-chip (System-on-Chip), or a field-programmable array (FPGA). The memory 230 may include volatile memory for temporary data storage during program execution, such as random access memory (RAM).

[0115] The memory 230 may also include non-volatile memory for data storage, such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state disk (SSD).

[0116] In some embodiments, the computer device 200 may further include a communicator 240. The communicator 240 is used for communication with external devices. In specific examples, the communicator 240 may include one or more wired and / or wireless communication circuit modules. For example, the communicator 240 may include one or more of, for example, a wired network card, a USB module, a serial interface module, etc. The wireless communication protocols followed by the wireless communication module include, for example, Nearfield Communication (NFC) technology, Infrared (IR) technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time-Division Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Bluetooth (BT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), etc.

[0117] In summary, this disclosure relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and provides a battery pack for cascaded utilization, including a battery compartment, an energy storage module, a residual energy detection module, an interface adapter module, a control module, and a display module; the battery compartment includes a housing and a cover; the housing includes an open-ended receiving cavity, and the cover is detachably disposed within the housing; the energy storage module is disposed within the receiving cavity and includes multiple energy storage modules electrically connected; each energy storage module includes a support plate and multiple electrically connected cells; the multiple cells are arranged in an array and detachably disposed on the support plate; the residual energy detection module is disposed within the receiving cavity and electrically connected to the energy storage module to monitor the health index of the energy storage module and its cells; the interface adapter module is electrically connected to the multiple energy storage modules and includes multiple discharge interfaces of different types; the control module is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module and the interface adapter module for controlling the discharge of the discharge interfaces; the display module is electrically connected to the control module for displaying the health index; wherein, the health index is used to indicate the removal and replacement of the energy storage module and / or the cells. This disclosure allows for the real-time collection of health indices of battery cells and energy storage modules by adding a residual energy detection module. This enables a direct assessment of the degree of aging, facilitating tiered allocation and use, early disconnection of high-load equipment, adaptation to low-power scenarios, timely replacement of degraded battery cells, mitigation of failure risks, and improvement of the utilization efficiency of secondary batteries.

[0118] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this disclosure should still be covered by the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery pack for cascaded use, characterized in that, include: A battery compartment includes a housing and a cover; the housing includes an open receiving cavity, and the cover is provided in the housing such that the open opening can be opened and closed; An energy storage module, disposed within the receiving cavity, includes multiple energy storage modules that are electrically connected; each energy storage module includes a support plate and multiple battery cells that are electrically connected; the multiple battery cells are arranged in an array and are detachably disposed on the support plate; A residual energy monitoring module is located inside the cavity and electrically connected to the energy storage module to monitor the health index of the energy storage module and its battery cells. An interface adapter module is electrically connected to multiple energy storage modules, including multiple discharge interfaces of different types; The control module is electrically connected to the residual energy detection module and the interface adapter module, and is used to control the discharge interface to discharge. The display module, electrically connected to the control module, is used to display the health index; wherein the health index is used to indicate the removal and replacement of the energy storage module and / or the battery cell.

2. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support plate has multiple slots arranged in an array; the multiple battery cells are detachably disposed in the corresponding slots.

3. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The health index includes a first health index corresponding to the energy storage module; the residual energy detection module is configured to perform a first-level monitoring action, including: monitoring whether the first health index of the energy storage module is lower than a preset first threshold; wherein, the first threshold is 80%.

4. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 3, characterized in that, The health index also includes a second health index corresponding to each of the battery cells; the residual energy detection module is configured to perform a secondary monitoring action, including: if the first health index is determined to be lower than 80% by the primary monitoring action, further obtaining the second health index of each battery cell in each of the energy storage modules; identifying whether the second health index of each battery cell is lower than a preset second threshold; wherein, the second threshold is 80%.

5. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control module is also configured to: issue a prompt signal based on the judgment result of the first-level monitoring action to indicate that the overall health index of the energy storage module is below 80%; and the display module displays the location information of the cells with a second health index below 80% based on the judgment result of the second-level monitoring action.

6. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, It also includes an alarm unit, which is communicatively connected to the control module; the control module controls the alarm unit to issue a first alarm signal when the first health index of the energy storage module is lower than 80%; the control module controls the alarm unit to issue a second alarm signal when the number of cells with a second health index lower than 80% in the same energy storage module exceeds a preset number.

7. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The residual energy detection module includes at least one of a capacity detection unit, a voltage detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.

8. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a protection module electrically connected to the control module; the protection module includes an overcharge protection unit, an over-discharge protection unit, a short circuit protection unit, an over-temperature protection unit, and a leakage prevention unit.

9. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting unit is provided between two adjacent support plates.

10. The battery pack for cascaded utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple energy storage modules are stacked in the receiving cavity, and a buffer is provided between two adjacent battery modules.

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