A battery module

Abstract

The application discloses a battery module and relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The battery module comprises a shell, a plurality of groups of a first type of battery pack and a plurality of groups of a second type of battery pack are arranged in the shell in a one-to-one correspondence, and a heat dissipation gap is formed between the two; a first heat dissipation assembly is arranged on the upper side of the shell; the first heat dissipation assembly comprises a liquid cooling plate provided with a plurality of cooling slots on one side; the plurality of cooling slots are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of heat dissipation gaps; the cooling slots are recessed in the interior of the liquid cooling plate; a second heat dissipation assembly is arranged on the lower side of the shell; the second heat dissipation assembly comprises a first heat dissipation plate and a plurality of second heat dissipation plates; the plurality of second heat dissipation plates are arranged above the first heat dissipation plate and are respectively inserted into the plurality of heat dissipation gaps and the corresponding cooling slots; the first heat dissipation plate is internally provided with a containing cavity, and the second heat dissipation plates are internally provided with heat dissipation cavities in communication with the containing cavity; the lower ends of the containing cavity and the heat dissipation cavities are provided with gas-liquid phase change materials. The battery module is used for improving the heat dissipation effect of battery cells and simultaneously ensuring the temperature uniformity in the heat dissipation process of the battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, and more particularly to a battery module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle and energy storage power station industries, lithium-ion batteries have become core energy storage units due to their advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. Their performance, cycle life, and safety are all directly related to operating temperature. Typically, the optimal operating temperature range for lithium-ion batteries is 20℃ to 40℃. When the battery operating temperature is too high, its cycle life will decrease dramatically. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries continuously release a large amount of Joule heat and electrochemical reaction heat during charging and discharging. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, the internal temperature of the battery will continue to rise, easily leading to thermal runaway and causing serious safety accidents. In addition, the temperature uniformity of the battery system is also a key factor affecting battery cycle life. Excessive temperature differences between the top and bottom of the cells themselves, as well as between cells, will exacerbate the performance inconsistencies among the cells and accelerate the overall battery degradation.

[0003] Currently, common cooling methods for battery systems include air cooling, liquid cooling, and heat pipe cooling. Air cooling is simple in structure, highly reliable, and low in manufacturing cost, and was widely used in early low-power battery systems. However, due to the low heat transfer coefficient of air, the overall cooling efficiency of air cooling is relatively low, and it requires a large amount of space for air ducts, resulting in low system space utilization. It is no longer suitable for the heat dissipation requirements of current high-power, high-energy-density battery systems. Liquid cooling typically uses aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol as the heat transfer medium and employs a cold plate heat exchange structure. Its cooling efficiency is significantly higher than that of air cooling, and it is gradually becoming the mainstream battery heat dissipation technology.

[0004] However, the existing bottom cold plate heat exchange solution still has some drawbacks. For example, the heat exchange contact surface is singular, relying only on the bottom surface of the cell to contact the cold plate for heat exchange. The axial top-to-bottom distance of the cell is large, the heat transfer path from the top to the bottom of the cell is long and the thermal resistance is large, which can easily lead to an excessive temperature difference between the top and bottom of the cell. At the same time, the heat on the side of the cell cannot be effectively dissipated, resulting in poor overall temperature uniformity of the battery. Long-term operation will seriously shorten the cycle life of the cell.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a battery module to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery module that improves the heat dissipation effect of the battery cell while ensuring temperature uniformity during the heat dissipation process.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a battery module, comprising: a housing; multiple battery packs disposed inside the housing; the multiple battery packs including multiple Class I battery packs and multiple Class II battery packs, with their terminal ends arranged along a first direction; the first direction being a horizontal direction; the multiple Class I battery packs and the multiple Class II battery packs being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, with the terminal ends of the Class I battery packs and the corresponding Class II battery packs being arranged opposite to each other; in the first direction, the Class I battery packs and the corresponding Class II battery packs being spaced apart, forming a heat dissipation gap between them; a first heat dissipation component disposed on the upper side of the housing; the first heat dissipation component including a liquid cooling plate; and the liquid cooling plate being capable of circulating coolant. The liquid cooling plate has multiple cooling slots on the side facing the battery pack; each cooling slot corresponds to a different heat dissipation gap; the cooling slots are recessed inside the liquid cooling plate; a second heat dissipation assembly is disposed on the lower side of the housing; the second heat dissipation assembly includes a first heat dissipation plate and multiple second heat dissipation plates; the first heat dissipation plate is located on the lower side of the battery pack; the multiple second heat dissipation plates are disposed above the first heat dissipation plate and are respectively inserted into the multiple heat dissipation gaps and the corresponding cooling slots; the first heat dissipation plate has a receiving cavity inside, and the second heat dissipation plates have heat dissipation cavities inside, the heat dissipation cavities being connected to the receiving cavity; a gas-liquid phase change material is disposed at the lower end of the receiving cavity and the heat dissipation cavity.

[0008] In some embodiments, a plurality of first partitions are provided inside the liquid cooling plate; the plurality of first partitions divide the interior of the liquid cooling plate into a plurality of sub-channels; the plurality of sub-channels are connected end to end in sequence to form a coolant channel; the first heat dissipation assembly further includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe respectively connected to both ends of the coolant channel; in a second direction, the orthographic projection of the cooling slot is located within the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the sub-channel; the second direction is the vertical direction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first heat dissipation assembly further includes a cooling circulation pipe; the cooling circulation pipe has an inlet and an outlet at both ends; the inlet and the outlet are located outside the liquid cooling plate; the cooling circulation pipe includes a plurality of straight sub-tubes and a plurality of arc-shaped sub-tubes arranged alternately in the first direction; the plurality of arc-shaped sub-tubes are respectively located on opposite sides in the extension direction of the straight sub-tubes; the ends of two adjacent straight sub-tubes can be connected through the arc-shaped sub-tube between them to form the cooling circulation pipe; in the second direction, the orthographic projection of the cooling slot is located between two adjacent straight sub-tubes; the second direction is the vertical direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, a capillary structure is provided on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, the upper end of the heat dissipation cavity is arc-shaped.

[0012] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes a plurality of cells arranged along a third direction; the third direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and is set at an angle to the first direction; a plurality of second partitions are provided inside the heat dissipation cavity and are spaced apart along the third direction; the plurality of second partitions can divide the heat dissipation cavity into a plurality of first sub-chambers; in the first direction, the orthographic projection of the second partition is located between two adjacent cells.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of third partitions are provided inside the receiving cavity and spaced apart along the third direction; the plurality of third partitions are respectively connected to a plurality of second partitions; the plurality of third partitions can divide the receiving cavity into a plurality of second sub-chambers; the plurality of second sub-chambers are respectively connected to a plurality of first sub-chambers; in a second direction, the orthographic projection of the third partition is located between two adjacent cells; the second direction is a vertical direction.

[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of limiting strip assemblies are further provided on the upper side of the first heat sink plate; the limiting strip assembly includes a plurality of limiting strips connected end to end; the plurality of limiting strips can enclose and form a cell mounting area; a plurality of second heat sink plates are respectively disposed inside the plurality of cell mounting areas, and can divide the cell mounting area into a first mounting area and a second mounting area; the first type of battery pack and the second type of battery pack are respectively disposed in the first mounting area and the second mounting area.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes a plurality of cells arranged along a third direction; the third direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and is set at an angle to the first direction; in the third direction, heat insulation foam is provided between both sides of the battery pack and the inner sidewall of the housing, and heat insulation foam is also provided between two adjacent cells.

[0016] In some embodiments, a thermal pad is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat dissipation component; and / or, the thermal pad is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat dissipation plate; and / or, the thermal pad is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the second heat dissipation plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a battery module that comprises multiple sets of Class I and Class II battery packs arranged inside a housing. The terminal ends of the Class I and Class II battery packs are arranged horizontally and facing away from each other, with the Class I and Class II battery packs spaced apart to create heat dissipation gaps. A first heat dissipation assembly with a liquid-cooled plate is positioned above the battery packs, and multiple cooling slots corresponding to the heat dissipation gaps are formed below the liquid-cooled plate. A second heat dissipation assembly with a first heat dissipation plate and multiple second heat dissipation plates is positioned below the battery packs. The multiple second heat dissipation plates are inserted into the multiple heat dissipation gaps, with the ends of the second heat dissipation plates inserted into corresponding cooling slots on the liquid-cooled plate. A gas-liquid phase change material is placed in the receiving cavity of the first heat dissipation plate and at the lower end of the heat dissipation cavity of the second heat dissipation plate. This arrangement ensures that after the second heat dissipation assembly, multiple battery packs, and the first heat dissipation assembly are sequentially assembled inside the housing, the bottom wall of the battery pack contacts the first heat dissipation plate in the second heat dissipation assembly, the side wall of the battery pack contacts the second heat dissipation plate in the second heat dissipation assembly, and the top of the battery pack contacts the liquid-cooled plate in the first heat dissipation assembly. After the battery pack generates heat during operation, the heat generated at the top of the battery pack can be absorbed and discharged by the circulating coolant in the liquid cooling plate, thus achieving heat dissipation at the top of the battery pack. The heat generated at the bottom of the battery pack is first conducted to the first heat dissipation plate, and then absorbed by the gas-liquid phase change material inside the cavity of the first heat dissipation plate. When the gas-liquid phase change material absorbs heat and reaches its saturation temperature, it vaporizes. The vapor produced by vaporization has a high pressure, and under the pressure difference, it can enter the heat dissipation cavity of the second heat dissipation plate. After reaching the condensation end (i.e., the upper end) of the heat dissipation cavity, the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity (or the upper end of the second heat dissipation plate) is inserted into the cooling insert of the liquid cooling plate. Inside the tank, the circulating coolant inside the liquid cooling plate absorbs and discharges the heat carried by the vapor inside the heat dissipation cavity, causing the vapor to revert to a liquid-gas-liquid phase change material, thus achieving heat dissipation at the bottom of the battery pack. As the liquid-gas-liquid phase change material flows downward along the side wall of the heat dissipation cavity, the heat generated on the side wall of the battery pack is absorbed by the liquid-gas-liquid phase change material, causing the liquid-gas-liquid phase change material to re-vaporize into vapor. Driven by the pressure difference, the vapor flows to the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity, where the circulating coolant in the liquid cooling plate absorbs and discharges the heat carried by the vapor, causing the vapor to revert to a liquid-gas-liquid phase change material, thus achieving heat dissipation on the side wall of the battery pack. During the heat dissipation process of the battery module, the liquid cooling plate in the first heat dissipation component and the first and second heat dissipation plates in the second heat dissipation component can be used to achieve multi-directional heat dissipation of the bottom, top and sides of the battery pack, which improves the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack. Furthermore, the simultaneous multi-directional heat dissipation of the battery pack can avoid a large temperature difference between the top and bottom of the battery pack, ensuring the temperature uniformity during the heat dissipation process of the battery pack, thereby slowing down the overall degradation rate of the battery pack and extending the overall service life of the battery module. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a battery module provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery module provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a liquid cooling plate in a battery module according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a second heat dissipation component in a battery module according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an internal structural diagram of a liquid cooling plate in a battery module provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an internal structure diagram of the liquid cooling plate in another battery module provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of another part of the second heat dissipation component in a battery module provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Casing; 21. Type I battery pack; 22. Type II battery pack; 23. Cooling gap; 24. Battery cell; 3. First heat dissipation assembly; 31. Liquid cooling plate; 311. Cooling slot; 32. First partition; 33. Cooling circulation pipe; 331. Straight sub-tube body; 332. Arc-shaped sub-tube body; 4. Second heat dissipation assembly; 41. First heat dissipation plate; 42. Second heat dissipation plate; 421. Heat dissipation cavity; 4211. First sub-chamber; 422. Capillary structure; 43. Gas-liquid phase change material; 44. Second partition; 5. Limiting strip; 6. Thermal insulation foam; 7. Thermal pad; X1, first direction; X2, second direction; X3, third direction; S1, first installation area; S2, second installation area. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure. Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. Therefore, the areas shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of areas of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0021] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "comprising" is interpreted throughout the specification and claims as open and encompassing, that is, "including, but not limited to".

[0022] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0025] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a battery module. The battery module includes a housing 1, multiple battery packs, a first heat dissipation component 3, and a second heat dissipation component 4.

[0026] The aforementioned housing 1 is, for example, a rectangular-cubic housing 1, with an internal installation space. The aforementioned multiple battery packs are all housed inside this housing 1. These multiple battery packs include multiple Class I battery packs 21 and multiple Class II battery packs 22; the terminal ends of the multiple Class I battery packs 21 and the multiple Class II battery packs 22 are arranged along a first direction X1, where the first direction X1 is horizontal. It is easy to understand that the naming of "Class I battery pack" and "Class II battery pack" is only for differentiation and to facilitate clear and concise description, and does not limit the specific structure of the battery packs. The multiple Class I battery packs 21 and the multiple Class II battery packs 22 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the terminal ends of the Class I battery packs 21 and the corresponding Class II battery packs 22 are arranged opposite to each other. Figure 2 Taking the perspective shown as an example, the battery module is equipped with four battery packs, including two sets of Class I battery packs 21 and two sets of Class II battery packs 22. Each set of Class I battery packs 21 is correspondingly arranged with one set of Class II battery packs 22. The terminal ends of the Class I battery packs 21 are arranged horizontally and face to the left, while the terminal ends of the Class II battery packs 22 are arranged horizontally and face to the right. In the first direction X1, the Class I battery packs 21 and the corresponding Class II battery packs 22 are spaced apart, forming a heat dissipation gap 23 between them.

[0027] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first heat dissipation component 3 is disposed on the upper side of the housing 1. The first heat dissipation component 3 includes a liquid cooling plate 31. Circulating coolant can flow into the liquid cooling plate 31 (for example, the liquid cooling plate 31 is provided with cooling channels or cooling pipes). On the side of the liquid cooling plate 31 facing the battery pack (i.e., the lower side), a plurality of cooling slots 311 are provided, and the plurality of cooling slots 311 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of heat dissipation gaps 23. The cooling slots 311 are recessed inside the liquid cooling plate 31. In other words, the liquid cooling plate 31 can be regarded as a hollow plate-shaped structure formed by the combination of a top plate, a bottom plate, and four side plates. The cooling slots 311 are not grooves opened in the wall thickness of the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 31, but rather grooves formed by the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 31 being recessed towards the top plate. From the inside of the liquid cooling plate 31, the groove part of the cooling slots 311 protrudes from the inner sidewall of the bottom plate of the liquid cooling plate 31 towards the inner sidewall of the top plate of the liquid cooling plate 31. Alternatively, the liquid cooling plate 31 has a hollow cavity, and the groove portion of the cooling slot 311 is located inside the hollow cavity.

[0028] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the second heat dissipation component 4 is disposed on the lower side of the housing 1. This second heat dissipation component 4 includes a first heat dissipation plate 41 and multiple second heat dissipation plates 42. The first heat dissipation plate 41 is located below the battery pack, and the multiple second heat dissipation plates 42 are disposed above the first heat dissipation plate 41 and are respectively inserted into multiple heat dissipation gaps 23 and corresponding cooling slots 311. The first heat dissipation plate 41 has a receiving cavity inside, and the second heat dissipation plate 42 has a heat dissipation cavity 421 inside, which is connected to the receiving cavity. A gas-liquid phase change material 43 is disposed at the lower end of both the receiving cavity and the heat dissipation cavity 421. That is, the heat dissipation cavity 421 inside the second heat dissipation plate 42 has an evaporation end and a condensation end. The evaporation end is connected to the receiving cavity of the first heat dissipation plate 41, and the condensation end passes through the heat dissipation gap 23 and is inserted into the cooling slot 311. The gas-liquid phase change material 43 is, for example, a hydrocarbon alkane working fluid (n-pentane, isopentane, etc.) or a synthetically produced environmentally friendly fluorinated working fluid (hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, etc.).

[0029] Therefore, the battery module provided in this embodiment provides a battery module by setting multiple sets of Class I battery packs 21 and multiple sets of Class II battery packs 22 inside the housing 1. The terminal ends of the Class I battery packs 21 and Class II battery packs 22 are arranged horizontally and facing away from each other. The Class I battery packs 21 and Class II battery packs 22 are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap 23 between them. At the same time, a first heat dissipation assembly 3 with a liquid cooling plate 31 is set above the battery pack. Multiple cooling slots 311 corresponding to the heat dissipation gaps 23 are opened below the liquid cooling plate 31. A second heat dissipation assembly 4 with a first heat dissipation plate 41 and multiple second heat dissipation plates 42 is set below the battery pack. The multiple second heat dissipation plates 42 are inserted into the multiple heat dissipation gaps 23. At the same time, the ends of the second heat dissipation plates 42 are inserted into the corresponding cooling slots 311 on the liquid cooling plate 31. A gas-liquid phase change material 43 is set in the receiving cavity of the first heat dissipation plate 41 and the lower end of the heat dissipation cavity 421 of the second heat dissipation plate 42. This arrangement ensures that after the second heat dissipation component 4, multiple battery packs, and the first heat dissipation component 3 are sequentially assembled inside the housing 1, the bottom wall of the battery pack contacts the first heat dissipation plate 41 in the second heat dissipation component 4, the side wall of the battery pack contacts the second heat dissipation plate 42 in the second heat dissipation component 4, and the top of the battery pack contacts the liquid cooling plate 31 in the first heat dissipation component 3. When the battery pack generates heat during operation, the heat generated at the top of the battery pack can be absorbed and discharged by the circulating coolant in the liquid cooling plate 31, achieving heat dissipation at the top of the battery pack. The heat generated at the bottom of the battery pack is first conducted to the first heat dissipation plate 41, and then absorbed by the gas-liquid phase change material 43 inside the cavity of the first heat dissipation plate 41. When the gas-liquid phase change material 43 absorbs heat and reaches its saturation temperature, it vaporizes. The vapor generated has a high pressure and can enter the heat dissipation cavity 421 of the second heat dissipation plate 42 under the pressure difference. After reaching the condensation end (i.e., the upper end) of the heat dissipation cavity 421, the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity 421 (or the upper end of the second heat dissipation plate 42) is inserted into the cooling slot of the liquid cooling plate 31. Inside 311, the circulating coolant inside the liquid cooling plate 31 can absorb and discharge the heat carried by the vapor inside the heat dissipation cavity 421, causing the vapor to revert to liquid gas-liquid phase change material 43, thus achieving heat dissipation at the bottom of the battery pack. As the liquid gas-liquid phase change material 43 flows downward along the side wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421, the heat generated on the side wall of the battery pack can be absorbed by the liquid gas-liquid phase change material 43, causing the liquid gas-liquid phase change material 43 to re-vaporize into vapor. Driven by the pressure difference, the vapor flows to the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity 421, where the circulating coolant in the liquid cooling plate 31 absorbs and discharges the heat carried by the vapor, causing the vapor to revert to liquid gas-liquid phase change material 43, thus achieving heat dissipation on the side wall of the battery pack.During the heat dissipation process of the battery module, the liquid cooling plate 31 in the first heat dissipation component 3, the first heat dissipation plate 41 and the second heat dissipation plate 42 in the second heat dissipation component 4 can be used to achieve multi-directional heat dissipation of the bottom, top and sides of the battery pack, which improves the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack. Furthermore, the simultaneous multi-directional heat dissipation of the battery pack can avoid a large temperature difference between the top and bottom of the battery pack, ensuring the temperature uniformity during the heat dissipation process of the battery pack, thereby slowing down the overall degradation rate of the battery pack and extending the overall service life of the battery module.

[0030] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, multiple first partitions 32 are provided inside the liquid cooling plate 31 of the first heat dissipation assembly 3. These first partitions 32 divide the interior of the liquid cooling plate 31 into multiple sub-channels. For example, each first partition 32 is a long, strip-shaped plate structure, extending along a third direction X3 (parallel to the horizontal plane and angled to the first direction X1, for example, 90°). The multiple first partitions 32 are evenly spaced along the first direction X1. The multiple sub-channels are connected end-to-end to form a coolant channel. The first heat dissipation assembly 3 also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively connected to both ends of the coolant channel. This allows coolant to be introduced into the coolant channel through the inlet pipe, and the coolant inside the channel absorbs heat and is discharged through the outlet pipe, achieving circulating cooling. In the second direction X2, the orthographic projection of the cooling slot 311 lies within the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the sub-channel; here, the second direction X2 is a vertical direction. It is easy to understand that the number of sub-channels in the liquid cooling plate 31 can be set to be equal to the number of cooling slots 311, or the number of sub-channels can be set to be greater than the number of cooling slots 311. For example, the number of first partitions 32 is 5, the number of sub-channels formed by the partitions is 6, and the number of cooling slots 311 is 2. The 2 cooling slots 311 can be set to correspond to 2 of the sub-channels. With the above arrangement, the flow path of the coolant inside the liquid cooling plate 31 can be extended, allowing the coolant to fully absorb heat. At the same time, the orthogonal projection of the cooling slots 311 in the second direction X2 is set to be located inside the sub-channel, that is, the cooling slots 311 are recessed into the corresponding sub-channels. In this way, the groove of the cooling slots 311 can occupy part of the flow cross-sectional area. Under the same coolant flow rate, the coolant flow velocity in the corresponding sub-channel can be increased, increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient, thereby further improving the cooling effect.

[0031] Of course, the internal structure of the liquid cooling plate 31 can also be configured in other ways. In some embodiments, it is combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 6As shown, the first heat dissipation component 3 also includes a cooling circulation pipe 33. The cooling circulation pipe 33 has an inlet and an outlet at both ends, located outside the liquid cooling plate 31. This allows coolant to enter through the inlet, absorb heat inside the liquid cooling plate 31, and then exit through the outlet, achieving circulating cooling. The cooling circulation pipe 33 includes a plurality of straight sub-pipes 331 and a plurality of arc-shaped sub-pipes 332 arranged alternately in the first direction X1. The arc-shaped sub-pipes 332 are located on opposite sides of the extending direction of the straight sub-pipes 331, and the ends of two adjacent straight sub-pipes 331 can be connected through the arc-shaped sub-pipes 332 between them to form the cooling circulation pipe 33. For example, the number of straight sub-pipes 331 is 5, and the number of arc-shaped sub-pipes 332 is 4, with each pair of arc-shaped sub-pipes 332 located on opposite sides of the extending direction of the straight sub-pipes 331. In the second direction X2, the orthographic projection of the cooling slot 311 is located between two adjacent straight sub-tubes 331, where the second direction X2 is vertical. With this configuration, the liquid cooling plate 31 can be circulated and cooled by introducing coolant into the cooling circulation pipe 33. Simultaneously, the two adjacent straight sub-tubes 331 in the cooling circulation pipe 33 can cool the groove of the cooling slot 311 between them, ensuring that the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity 421 in the second heat dissipation plate 42 can be dissipated in a timely manner. The overall structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

[0032] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, a capillary structure 422 is provided on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421 of the second heat sink 42. This capillary structure 422 can be, for example, a continuous porous capillary channel formed by high-temperature sintering of copper or aluminum powder onto the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421, or it can be a capillary structure 422 formed by bonding multiple layers of copper mesh or stainless steel mesh to the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421. Through this arrangement, the surface tension of the capillary structure 422 can be used to guide and diffuse the gas-liquid phase change material 43 inside the receiving cavity of the first heat sink 41, as well as the gas-liquid phase change material 43 condensed and flowing back from the upper end (condensation end) of the heat dissipation cavity 421, to the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421. This allows the gas-liquid phase change material 43 to form a continuous and uniform liquid film on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421, preventing localized dry evaporation caused by localized liquid film breakage. Meanwhile, the porous or grooved morphology of the capillary structure 422 increases the effective heat exchange area of ​​the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 421, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and thus improves the cooling effect on the side of the battery pack.

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the upper end of the heat dissipation cavity 421 of the second heat dissipation plate 42 is arc-shaped. This design avoids stress concentration at right-angled ends, improves the structural strength and pressure-bearing capacity of the heat dissipation cavity 421 end, and reduces the risk of deformation and sealing failure under vibration and temperature alternation conditions. It also smooths the flow of rising phase change vapor, reduces dead zones and eddy current losses at the end, and ensures that the vapor contacts the upper condensation wall evenly, improving condensation heat exchange efficiency and uniformity. In addition, the condensed liquid working fluid can be smoothly guided along the arc-shaped inner wall to the two side cavity walls, avoiding liquid residue at the corners, ensuring smooth return of the condensed gas-liquid phase change material 43, and maintaining stable operation of the phase change cycle.

[0034] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, the battery pack includes multiple cells 24 arranged along a third direction X3 (both type I battery pack 21 and type II battery pack 22 include multiple cells 24 arranged along a third direction X3). Here, the third direction X3 is parallel to the horizontal plane and forms an angle with the first direction X1. Multiple second partitions 44 are spaced apart along the third direction X3 inside the heat dissipation cavity 421 of the second heat sink 42. These second partitions 44 divide the heat dissipation cavity 421 into multiple first sub-cavities 4211. In the first direction X1, the orthographic projection of the second partition 44 is located between two adjacent cells 24. In other words, in the first direction X1, each cell 24 corresponds to one first sub-cavity 4211. By using this configuration, the heat dissipation cavity 421 can be divided into multiple independent first sub-chambers 4211 by multiple second partitions 44. This prevents the vaporized phase change vapor from flowing laterally within the heat dissipation cavity 421, allowing the phase change vapor to flow directly to the condensation end of the heat dissipation cavity 421. This ensures that the evaporation degree of the gas-liquid phase change material 43 in the corresponding area of ​​each cell 24 is uniform, improving the cooling uniformity of the battery pack and thus improving the overall temperature uniformity of the battery pack. In addition, the second partitions 44 can also serve as internal reinforcing structures to enhance the structural rigidity of the second heat dissipation plate 42.

[0035] Furthermore, multiple third partitions are provided inside the receiving cavity of the first heat sink 41, spaced apart along a third direction X3. These third partitions are connected to the aforementioned multiple second partitions 44. The multiple third partitions divide the receiving cavity into multiple second sub-chambers, which are connected to the aforementioned multiple first sub-chambers 4211. In the second direction X2, the orthographic projection of the third partition is located between two adjacent cells 24; here, the second direction X2 is vertical. In other words, in the second direction X2, each cell 24 corresponds to one second sub-chamber. This arrangement allows the receiving cavity to be divided into multiple independent second sub-chambers using multiple third partitions, preventing large-scale displacement and accumulation of the liquid phase change material 43 under bumpy or tilted conditions, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the phase change cooling cycle, and improving adaptability to different operating conditions.

[0036] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple sets of limiting strip assemblies are also provided on the upper side of the first heat sink 41. Each limiting strip assembly includes multiple limiting strips 5 connected end-to-end, which can enclose and form the cell 24 mounting area. The aforementioned multiple second heat sinks 42 are respectively disposed within the multiple cell 24 mounting areas, and can divide the cell 24 mounting areas into a first mounting area S1 and a second mounting area S2. The aforementioned type I battery pack 21 and type II battery pack 22 are respectively disposed in the first mounting area S1 and the second mounting area S2. This arrangement provides a stable and reliable mounting area for type I battery pack 21 and type II battery pack 22. That is, by utilizing the cooperation of the multiple limiting strips 5 in the limiting strip assembly with the second heat sink 42, the type I battery pack 21 and type II battery pack 22 are limited on the horizontal plane, improving the installation stability of the multiple battery packs.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the battery pack includes multiple battery cells 24 arranged along a third direction X3. This third direction X3 is parallel to the horizontal plane and forms an angle with the first direction X1, for example, 90°. Thermal insulation foam 6 is provided between both sides of the battery pack and the inner wall of the casing 1 along the third direction X3, and thermal insulation foam 6 is also provided between adjacent battery cells 24. This arrangement allows the thermal insulation foam 6 to provide heat insulation and electrical insulation, preventing heat from the outside of the casing 1 from being conducted to the battery cells 24 and preventing heat generated by the battery cells 24 from being conducted between each other inside the casing 1. Furthermore, in the later stages of use, the battery cells 24 will generate expansion force, and the thermal insulation foam 6 can absorb this expansion force, reducing the risk of the battery cells 24 bulging and squeezing each other, leading to explosion.

[0038] Furthermore, a thermally conductive pad 7 is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat dissipation component 3. And / or, a thermally conductive pad 7 is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat dissipation plate 41. And / or, a thermally conductive pad 7 is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the second heat dissipation plate 42. The thermally conductive pad 7 here can be a thermally conductive silicone pad (with silicone rubber as the base material, filled with thermally conductive fillers such as alumina and boron nitride), a graphite composite thermally conductive pad 7, or a phase change thermally conductive pad, etc., possessing high thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and good interface adhesion and deformation capability. Through the above arrangement, the thermally conductive pad 7 can fill the assembly gaps and surface micro-unevennesses, reducing interfacial contact thermal resistance and improving the heat conduction efficiency from the battery cell 24 to the heat dissipation component; at the same time, it can buffer vibration and impact, avoiding hard contact wear between the battery cell 24 and the heat dissipation component; in addition, the electrical insulation performance of the thermally conductive pad 7 can isolate live parts from the metal heat dissipation component, improving electrical safety.

[0039] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that, include: Housing (1); multiple battery packs are arranged inside the housing (1); The multiple battery packs include multiple sets of Class I battery packs (21) and multiple sets of Class II battery packs (22) with their terminal ends arranged along a first direction (X1); the first direction (X1) is a horizontal direction; the multiple sets of Class I battery packs (21) and the multiple sets of Class II battery packs (22) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the terminal ends of the Class I battery packs (21) and the corresponding terminal ends of the Class II battery packs (22) are arranged opposite to each other; in the first direction (X1), the Class I battery packs (21) and the corresponding Class II battery packs (22) are arranged at intervals, and a heat dissipation gap (23) is formed between them. A first heat dissipation component (3) is disposed on the upper side of the housing (1); the first heat dissipation component (3) includes a liquid cooling plate (31); the liquid cooling plate (31) is capable of circulating coolant; a plurality of cooling slots (311) are provided on the side of the liquid cooling plate (31) facing the battery pack; the plurality of cooling slots (311) are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of heat dissipation gaps (23); the cooling slots (311) are recessed inside the liquid cooling plate (31); The second heat dissipation component (4) is disposed on the lower side of the housing (1); the second heat dissipation component (4) includes a first heat dissipation plate (41) and a plurality of second heat dissipation plates (42); the first heat dissipation plate (41) is located on the lower side of the battery pack; the plurality of second heat dissipation plates (42) are disposed above the first heat dissipation plate (41) and are respectively inserted into the plurality of heat dissipation gaps (23) and the corresponding cooling slots (311); the first heat dissipation plate (41) is provided with a receiving cavity inside, and the second heat dissipation plate (42) is provided with a heat dissipation cavity (421) inside, and the heat dissipation cavity (421) is connected to the receiving cavity; the receiving cavity and the lower end of the heat dissipation cavity (421) are provided with a gas-liquid phase change material (43).

2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first partitions (32) are provided inside the liquid cooling plate (31); the multiple first partitions (32) divide the interior of the liquid cooling plate (31) into multiple sub-channels; the multiple sub-channels are connected end to end in sequence to form a coolant channel; the first heat dissipation component (3) also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe respectively connected to both ends of the coolant channel; In the second direction (X2), the orthographic projection of the cooling slot (311) lies within the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the sub-channel; the second direction (X2) is a vertical direction.

3. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heat dissipation component (3) further includes a cooling circulation pipe (33); the cooling circulation pipe (33) has an inlet and an outlet at both ends; the inlet and the outlet are located outside the liquid cooling plate (31); The cooling circulation pipe (33) includes a plurality of straight sub-pipes (331) and a plurality of arc-shaped sub-pipes (332) arranged alternately in the first direction (X1); the plurality of arc-shaped sub-pipes (332) are respectively located on opposite sides of the extension direction of the straight sub-pipes (331); the ends of two adjacent straight sub-pipes (331) can be connected through the arc-shaped sub-pipes (332) between them to form the cooling circulation pipe (33). In the second direction (X2), the orthographic projection of the cooling slot (311) is located between two adjacent straight sub-tubes (331); the second direction (X2) is a vertical direction.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, A capillary structure (422) is provided on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity (421).

5. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the heat dissipation cavity (421) is arc-shaped.

6. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes a plurality of cells (24) arranged along a third direction (X3); the third direction (X3) is parallel to the horizontal plane and is set at an angle to the first direction (X1); A plurality of second partitions (44) are provided inside the heat dissipation cavity (421) at intervals along the third direction (X3); the plurality of second partitions (44) can divide the heat dissipation cavity (421) into a plurality of first sub-chambers (4211). In the first direction (X1), the orthographic projection of the second partition (44) is located between two adjacent cells (24).

7. The battery module according to claim 6, characterized in that, A plurality of third partitions are provided inside the receiving cavity at intervals along the third direction (X3); the plurality of third partitions are respectively connected to a plurality of second partitions (44); the plurality of third partitions can divide the receiving cavity into a plurality of second sub-chambers; the plurality of second sub-chambers are respectively connected to a plurality of first sub-chambers (4211); In the second direction (X2), the orthographic projection of the third partition is located between two adjacent cells (24); the second direction (X2) is a vertical direction.

8. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Multiple sets of limiting strip assemblies are also provided on the upper side of the first heat sink (41); the limiting strip assembly includes multiple limiting strips (5) connected end to end; the multiple limiting strips (5) can enclose and form the battery cell (24) installation area; Multiple second heat sinks (42) are respectively disposed inside the multiple battery cell (24) mounting areas, and can divide the battery cell (24) mounting areas into a first mounting area (S1) and a second mounting area (S2); the first type of battery pack (21) and the second type of battery pack (22) are respectively disposed in the first mounting area (S1) and the second mounting area (S2).

9. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The battery pack includes a plurality of cells (24) arranged along a third direction (X3); the third direction (X3) is parallel to the horizontal plane and is set at an angle to the first direction (X1); On the third direction (X3), heat insulation foam (6) is provided between the two sides of the battery pack and the inner sidewall of the housing (1), and heat insulation foam (6) is also provided between two adjacent cells (24).

10. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, A thermal pad (7) is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat dissipation component (3). And / or, the thermal pad (7) is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the first heat sink (41). And / or, the thermal pad (7) is provided on the side of the battery pack facing the second heat sink (42).

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