Energy storage power station battery thermal runaway precise suppression method and system based on closed-loop control, storage medium and equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a closed-loop control-based energy storage power station battery thermal runaway precise suppression method and system, a storage medium and equipment, relates to the safety technical field of electric power energy storage systems, and through adoption of industrial-grade optical frequency domain reflection technology combined with high-voltage insulation packaging, the temperature and temperature rise rate of a module level in a battery cluster are collected in real time, and a static topology mapping is established; based on multi-dimensional feature fusion diagnosis and transverse cluster comparison logic, the thermal runaway risk is determined and a suppression request is generated; in the execution phase, the IEC 61850 protocol is linked to stop the PCS, at the same time, the liquid nitrogen pipe network is controlled to spray a large flow to the fault cluster, pulse isolation is performed on the adjacent cluster, and the pressure in the balance tank is balanced by linking the pressure relief valve; after suppression, the immersed monitoring mode is entered, and the pulse supplementary spraying is dynamically triggered based on the temperature recovery rate. The application solves the problems of insufficient cooling capacity of traditional fire-fighting means in airtight containers and secondary high-pressure risks, and realizes active and precise interruption and anti-reignition of thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power energy storage system safety technology, specifically to a method, system, storage medium, and equipment for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of dual-carbon goals, the scale of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations is increasing daily. However, energy storage power stations are characterized by high-density stacking of battery clusters, high-voltage DC bus, and enclosed spaces. Existing safety monitoring methods typically employ distributed optical fiber temperature measurement (DTS) or thermocouples. DTS typically has a spatial resolution on the meter level, making it difficult to accurately locate specific battery cell modules, and its response speed is slow.

[0003] Regarding suppression methods, traditional total flooding heptafluoropropane fire suppression systems struggle to penetrate the battery pack and lack sufficient cooling capacity, making reignition highly likely. Liquid nitrogen, as a highly efficient cooling medium, has been introduced; however, if not properly controlled, its vaporization and expansion (volume expansion ratio of approximately 1:696) can cause overpressure and rupture of the sealed container. Furthermore, the extremely low temperature after liquid nitrogen injection can cause a "cold shock" to the sensors, leading to feedback data failure and hindering effective closed-loop control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, storage medium, and device for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control, so as to solve the problems in the prior art mentioned in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control, characterized in that it includes:

[0006] S1 Sensing and Detection: Real-time acquisition of Rayleigh scattering signals from sensors inside the energy storage battery cluster using optical frequency domain reflection technology, and analysis of the real-time temperature field distribution at the module level based on a preset static topology mapping;

[0007] S2 Multidimensional Decision: The heat generation rate is calculated based on the real-time temperature field parsed by S1 and multidimensional feature fusion analysis is performed in combination with the characteristic gas concentration. At the same time, the differential spatiotemporal analysis algorithm is used to perform inter-cluster horizontal comparison to generate thermal runaway suppression instructions containing target location information.

[0008] S3 Cooperative Execution: In response to the suppression command output by S2, it cuts off the fault circuit and performs high-flow liquid nitrogen injection on the target battery cluster based on the topology database matching results, performs cooperative isolation injection on adjacent battery clusters, and simultaneously links the pressure relief device to maintain the pressure balance inside the tank.

[0009] S4 Closed-loop feedback: After injection is executed, the sensor blanking mechanism is activated to filter out cold shock interference, and then the monitoring stage based on hysteresis control logic is entered. The pulse supplementary injection strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature rise trend until the thermal runaway state is resolved.

[0010] Preferably, the preset static topology mapping in S1 is a four-level static topology mapping table constructed from containers, racks, modules, and fiber locations;

[0011] The real-time temperature field distribution is obtained by acquiring temperature data distributed along the optical fiber with millimeter-level spatial resolution through OFDR demodulation equipment, and the frequency shift of the optical signal is accurately located to the physical module coordinates through a static mapping table.

[0012] The preferred formula for constructing the fourth-level static topology mapping table is as follows:

[0013] Map_Key = Container_ID + Rack_ID + Module_ID

[0014] Value = {Start_Fiber, End_Fiber}

[0015] {Map_Key1:Value1,Map_Key2:Value2,...}.

[0016] Preferably, the multidimensional feature fusion analysis in S2 specifically includes the following:

[0017] A calculation formula for HGR based on an adiabatic temperature rise model is established. When the estimated heat generation rate exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be the early stage of internal short circuit.

[0018] Real-time calculation of the relative temperature difference between the current battery cluster and other battery clusters in the same container. , An alert is triggered when the deviation from the group average exceeds a set value.

[0019] The suppression instruction is triggered when the following logic is met, as shown in the formula below:

[0020] ]};

[0021] In the formula, , , These are the threshold values ​​for heat production rate, characteristic gas concentration, and temperature rise rate, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, the HGR calculation formula is as follows:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, HGR represents the heat generated inside the battery; C p dT / dt is the specific heat capacity of the thermal runaway battery; m is the mass of the thermal runaway cell; dT / dt is the battery temperature rise rate; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient; A is the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the battery; T is the real-time temperature of the battery; T amd The ambient temperature.

[0025] Preferred, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, T represents the relative temperature difference between the target cluster and its neighboring clusters. i The temperature of the target cluster; T jn Let n be the temperature of the adjacent cluster n.

[0028] Preferably, S3 specifically includes the following:

[0029] S31: Parse the logical address in the suppression instruction and lock the target cluster that has experienced thermal runaway and its adjacent physical clusters;

[0030] S32: Activate the full-open mode for continuous and powerful cooling of the target cluster; use pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the duty cycle of the solenoid valves for adjacent clusters to form a low-temperature isolation zone to block heat spread;

[0031] S33: Simultaneously control the electric pressure relief valve or explosion-proof fan to open while the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve is open, and dynamically adjust the opening of the pressure relief port by calculating the liquid nitrogen vaporization expansion volume in real time.

[0032] Preferably, the logical address in the suppression instruction in S31 is used to locate the abnormal segment of the sensor;

[0033] Determine the container number, cluster number, and module number to which this segment belongs based on the static mapping table.

[0034] Preferably, the duty cycle for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve in S32 using pulse width modulation (PWM) includes:

[0035] Spray for 10 minutes, stop for 2 minutes, then spray for another 10 minutes, until the target cluster is sprayed.

[0036] Preferably, the communication architecture for disconnecting the faulty circuit is the IEC61850 communication protocol, which uses GOOSE messages to directly send shutdown commands to the energy storage converter, achieving millisecond-level fault disconnection.

[0037] Preferably, in S4, a preset time window occurs after the liquid nitrogen injection has finished. Inside, the system automatically masks OFDR temperature data to avoid misjudgment caused by Rayleigh scattering signal distortion due to rapid liquid nitrogen cooling;

[0038] Set upper temperature threshold and lower threshold After the blanking process is completed, if the monitored temperature rises back to Then pulse injection is triggered until the temperature drops to [temperature value missing]. The following measures are taken to prevent reignition and vibration.

[0039] Preferably, the steps for automatically masking OFDR temperature data by the system include:

[0040] Immediately record the moment before the injection command is issued (t -1 OFDR temperature sampling value T last ;

[0041] In t blanking Within the time window, the real-time demodulation results for that period are actively discarded during the logical operation, and the system feedback temperature T is set. feedback Forced lock to T last This filters out abnormal frequency shift signals caused by nonlinear shrinkage and microbending loss of optical fiber materials at extremely low temperatures.

[0042] When the timer expires, the system reads the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the current optical signal. If the SNR of the optical signal is higher than the preset quality threshold (e.g., 15 dB), it indicates that the optical fiber has recovered its physical stability from the thermal shock, and the system automatically releases the data hold and restores the real-time temperature T. real_time The output is then fed into the hysteresis control logic to determine whether pulse supplementation is required.

[0043] A system for the above-mentioned method of precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control, comprising:

[0044] A container, wherein battery clusters are installed inside the container;

[0045] Sensors are arranged along the surface of each group of batteries;

[0046] A ceramic ferrule, wherein the ceramic ferrule is used for high-voltage insulation encapsulation of the sensor;

[0047] The OFDR demodulation device is connected to the sensor and is used to receive the feedback signal from the sensor.

[0048] The decision-making unit acquires environmental data from the SCADA system via the IEC61850MMS protocol and performs calculations in conjunction with OFDR temperature data.

[0049] A liquid nitrogen injection device that receives a suppression command from a decision unit and cools the target battery cluster and / or adjacent battery clusters.

[0050] Preferably, the sensor is a special optical fiber coated with polyimide.

[0051] An electronic device, the device comprising:

[0052] At least one processor; and

[0053] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0054] The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to execute the above-described method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control.

[0055] A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to execute the aforementioned method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0057] This invention employs industrial-grade optical frequency domain reflection technology combined with high-voltage insulation encapsulation to collect real-time module-level temperature and temperature rise rate within battery clusters and establish a static topology mapping. Based on multi-dimensional feature fusion diagnosis and lateral inter-cluster comparison logic, it determines the risk of thermal runaway and generates suppression requests. During the execution phase, it triggers PCS shutdown via the IEC 61850 protocol, simultaneously controlling the liquid nitrogen pipeline network to spray high-flow-rate liquid nitrogen onto the faulty cluster, pulse-isolates adjacent clusters, and activates the pressure relief valve to balance the pressure within the tank. After suppression, it enters immersion monitoring mode, dynamically triggering pulse supplementary spraying based on the temperature recovery rate. This solves the problems of insufficient cooling capacity and secondary high-pressure risks in sealed containers using traditional fire suppression methods, achieving proactive and precise prevention of thermal runaway and prevention of reignition. Attached Figure Description

[0058] The accompanying drawings, as part of this invention, are provided to further illustrate the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. Clearly, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the precise suppression method for thermal runaway of batteries in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control, as described in this invention.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the static topology mapping and high-voltage insulation encapsulation of OFDR optical fiber in the battery cluster, which is based on the closed-loop control precise suppression method for thermal runaway of batteries in energy storage power stations according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the coordinated injection and PWM control of the precise suppression method for thermal runaway of batteries in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control in this invention;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device used in the present invention, which is a method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention can be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0064] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended inclusions, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.

[0065] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, any variations of the terms "comprising" and "having," etc., are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0066] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0067] The names of the messages or information exchanged between the multiple devices in the embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, a precise method for suppressing battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control includes:

[0070] S1 Sensing and Detection: Real-time acquisition of Rayleigh scattering signals from sensors inside the energy storage battery cluster using optical frequency domain reflection technology, and analysis of the real-time temperature field distribution at the module level based on a preset static topology mapping.

[0071] As a further explanation: The preset static topology mapping in S1 is a four-level static topology mapping table constructed from the locations of containers, battery clusters, modules, and optical fibers.

[0072] The real-time temperature field distribution is obtained by acquiring temperature data distributed along the optical fiber with millimeter-level spatial resolution through OFDR demodulation equipment, and the frequency shift of the optical signal is accurately located to the physical module coordinates through a static mapping table.

[0073] The formula for constructing the fourth-level static topology mapping table is as follows:

[0074] Map_Key = Container_ID + Rack_ID + Module_ID

[0075] Value = {Start_Fiber, End_Fiber}

[0076] {Map_Key1:Value1,Map_Key2:Value2,...}.

[0077] S2 Multidimensional Decision: The heat generation rate is calculated based on the real-time temperature field resolved by S1 and multidimensional feature fusion analysis is performed in combination with the characteristic gas concentration. At the same time, the differential spatiotemporal analysis algorithm is used to perform inter-cluster horizontal comparison to generate thermal runaway suppression instructions containing target location information.

[0078] As further explanation: The multidimensional feature fusion analysis in S2 specifically includes the following:

[0079] A calculation formula for HGR based on an adiabatic temperature rise model is established. When the estimated heat generation rate exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be the early stage of internal short circuit.

[0080] Real-time calculation of the relative temperature difference between the current battery cluster and other battery clusters in the same container. , An alert is triggered when the deviation from the group average exceeds a set value.

[0081] The suppression instruction is triggered when the following logic is met, as shown in the formula below:

[0082] ]};

[0083] In the formula, , , These are the threshold values ​​for heat production rate, characteristic gas concentration, and temperature rise rate, respectively.

[0084] In one embodiment, the HGR calculation formula is as follows:

[0085] ;

[0086] In the formula, HGR represents the heat generated inside the battery; C p dT / dt is the specific heat capacity of the thermal runaway battery; m is the mass of the thermal runaway cell; dT / dt is the battery temperature rise rate; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient; A is the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the battery; T is the real-time temperature of the battery; T amd The ambient temperature.

[0087] In one embodiment, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0088] ;

[0089] In the formula, T represents the relative temperature difference between the target cluster and its neighboring clusters. i The temperature of the target cluster; T jn Let n be the temperature of the adjacent cluster n.

[0090] S3 Cooperative Execution: In response to the suppression command output by S2, it cuts off the fault circuit and performs high-flow liquid nitrogen injection on the target battery cluster based on the topology database matching results, performs cooperative isolation injection on adjacent battery clusters, and simultaneously links the pressure relief device to maintain the pressure balance inside the tank.

[0091] As further explanation: S3 collaborative execution is as follows:

[0092] S31: Parse the logical address in the suppression instruction and lock the target cluster that has experienced thermal runaway and its adjacent physical clusters;

[0093] S32: Activates full-open mode for continuous and powerful cooling of the target cluster; uses pulse width modulation to control the duty cycle of the solenoid valves for adjacent clusters, forming a low-temperature isolation zone to block heat spread.

[0094] S33: Simultaneously control the electric pressure relief valve or explosion-proof fan to open while the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve is open, and dynamically adjust the opening of the pressure relief port by calculating the liquid nitrogen vaporization expansion volume in real time.

[0095] In one embodiment, the logical address in the suppression instruction is parsed in S31 to locate the abnormal segment of the sensor.

[0096] Determine the container number, cluster number, and module number to which this segment belongs based on the static mapping table.

[0097] In one embodiment, the pulse width modulation method in S32 controls the opening and closing duty cycle of the solenoid valve, including:

[0098] Spray for 10 minutes, stop for 2 minutes, then spray for another 10 minutes, until the target cluster is sprayed.

[0099] In one embodiment, the communication architecture for disconnecting the faulty circuit is the IEC61850 communication protocol, which uses GOOSE messages to directly send shutdown commands to the energy storage converter, achieving millisecond-level fault disconnection.

[0100] S4 Closed-loop feedback: After injection is executed, the sensor blanking mechanism is activated to filter out cold shock interference, and then the monitoring stage based on hysteresis control logic is entered. The pulse supplementary injection strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature rise trend until the thermal runaway state is resolved.

[0101] As further explanation: the preset time window in S4 after the liquid nitrogen injection ends. Inside, the system automatically masks OFDR temperature data to avoid misjudgment caused by Rayleigh scattering signal distortion due to rapid liquid nitrogen cooling;

[0102] Set upper temperature threshold and lower threshold After the blanking process is completed, if the monitored temperature rises back to Then pulse injection is triggered until the temperature drops to [temperature value missing]. The following measures are taken to prevent reignition and vibration.

[0103] In one embodiment, the step of automatically masking OFDR temperature data includes:

[0104] Immediately record the OFDR temperature sampling value T at the moment before the injection command is issued. last ;

[0105] In t blankingWithin the time window, the real-time demodulation results for that period are actively discarded during the logical operation, and the system feedback temperature T is displayed. feedback Forced lock to T last This filters out abnormal frequency shift signals caused by nonlinear shrinkage and microbending loss of optical fiber materials at extremely low temperatures.

[0106] When the timer expires, the system reads the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the current optical signal. If the SNR is higher than the preset quality threshold, it indicates that the optical fiber has recovered its physical stability from the thermal shock, and the system automatically releases the data hold and restores the real-time temperature T. real_time The output is then fed into the hysteresis control logic to determine whether pulse supplementation is required.

[0107] Based on the technical solutions of the above embodiments, this invention provides specific implementation methods, as follows:

[0108] Specialized polyimide-coated optical fibers were selected as sensors and laid out in an S-shape along the surface of the battery module, with a certain length reserved for each module.

[0109] The system constructs a static topology database:

[0110] Map_Key = Container_ID + Rack_ID + Module_ID

[0111] Value = {Start_Frequency_Shift, End_Frequency_Shift}

[0112] The OFDR demodulator obtains the temperature distribution along the fiber length by detecting the frequency shift of the Rayleigh scattering spectrum, with a resolution better than 5 mm.

[0113] The decision-making unit obtains environmental data from the SCADA system via the IEC 61850 MMS protocol and performs calculations in conjunction with OFDR temperature data.

[0114] Heat production rate (HGR) model:

[0115] The system calculates the internal heat generation rate of the battery cell based on the rate of temperature rise:

[0116]

[0117] in For specific heat capacity, This is the heat dissipation coefficient. When HGR rises abnormally, even if the absolute temperature does not exceed the limit, it is considered a precursor to thermal runaway.

[0118] Calculate the relationship between the target cluster i and its neighboring clusters j1, j2...j n Temperature difference:

[0119]

[0120] like With a temperature >20℃, excluding the influence of ambient air conditioning, it is determined to be an intra-cluster anomaly.

[0121] like Figure 3 As shown, when the decision-making layer issues a suppression command (containing Target_ID: Rack_05), the execution layer takes the following actions:

[0122] Communication cut-off: Send a Trip command to the PCS via IEC 61850 GOOSE message to cut off the Rack_05 current in milliseconds.

[0123] Synergistic jetting:

[0124] Target cluster (Rack_05): Liquid nitrogen valve fully open, for 30 minutes.

[0125] Neighboring clusters (Rack_04, Rack_06): PWM control is used with a period of 2 minutes and a duty cycle of 30%. A low-temperature barrier is formed by intermittent injection to block heat conduction.

[0126] Pressure balancing: Before the injection valve is opened, the electric pressure relief valve is opened to 100% to ensure that the vaporized nitrogen is discharged in time and to maintain a slight positive pressure inside the chamber.

[0127] After liquid nitrogen was sprayed, the ambient temperature plummeted to below 0°C.

[0128] Sensor blanking: The system automatically ignores OFDR data within 5 minutes after the spraying ends to prevent false alarms caused by false frequency shifts due to fiber optic shrinkage.

[0129] Hysteresis control: After the blanking process is completed, the system resumes monitoring.

[0130] Set T high =100℃, T low =50℃.

[0131] If the module temperature is detected to rise back to T high This triggers a 5-minute pulse spray.

[0132] Continue monitoring after respraying until the temperature stabilizes at T. low Only then will the alarm status be lifted.

[0133] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0134] By employing industrial-grade optical frequency domain reflection technology combined with high-voltage insulation encapsulation, the system collects real-time module-level temperature and temperature rise rate within the battery cluster and establishes a static topology mapping. Based on multi-dimensional feature fusion diagnosis and lateral inter-cluster comparison logic, it determines the risk of thermal runaway and generates suppression requests. During the execution phase, it uses the IEC 61850 protocol to trigger the PCS shutdown, simultaneously controlling the liquid nitrogen pipeline network to spray a large flow rate onto the faulty cluster, pulse-isolate adjacent clusters, and activate the pressure relief valve to balance the pressure within the tank. After suppression, it enters an immersion monitoring mode, dynamically triggering pulse supplementary spraying based on the temperature recovery rate. This solves the problems of insufficient cooling capacity and secondary high-pressure risks in sealed containers using traditional fire-fighting methods, achieving proactive and precise prevention of thermal runaway and prevention of reignition.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] like Figure 2 As shown, a system for the precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in an energy storage power station based on closed-loop control, as described in Embodiment 1, includes:

[0137] A container, wherein battery clusters are installed inside the container;

[0138] Sensors are arranged along the surface of each group of batteries;

[0139] A ceramic ferrule, wherein the ceramic ferrule is used for high-voltage insulation encapsulation of the sensor;

[0140] The OFDR demodulation device is connected to the sensor and is used to receive the feedback signal from the sensor.

[0141] The decision-making unit acquires environmental data from the SCADA system via the IEC61850MMS protocol and performs calculations in conjunction with OFDR temperature data.

[0142] A liquid nitrogen injection device that receives a suppression command from a decision unit and cools the target battery cluster and / or adjacent battery clusters.

[0143] As further explanation: the sensor is made of polyimide-coated special optical fiber. This material has excellent high-temperature resistance (>300°C) and insulation properties. The sensor is arranged in an S-shape along the surface of the battery module, with a certain length reserved after passing through each module.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Figure 4A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10, which can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0146] like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0147] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0148] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as a method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control.

[0149] In some embodiments, the method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control can be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 can be configured to perform the method for precise suppression of thermal runaway in energy storage power station batteries based on closed-loop control by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0150] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0151] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0152] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0153] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0154] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0155] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0156] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise method for suppressing thermal runaway in batteries of energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control, characterized in that, include: S1 Sensing and Detection: Real-time acquisition of Rayleigh scattering signals from sensors inside the energy storage battery cluster using optical frequency domain reflection technology, and analysis of the real-time temperature field distribution at the module level based on a preset static topology mapping; S2 Multidimensional Decision: The heat generation rate is calculated based on the real-time temperature field parsed by S1 and multidimensional feature fusion analysis is performed in combination with the characteristic gas concentration. At the same time, the differential spatiotemporal analysis algorithm is used to perform inter-cluster horizontal comparison to generate thermal runaway suppression instructions containing target location information. S3 Cooperative Execution: In response to the suppression command output by S2, it cuts off the fault circuit and performs high-flow liquid nitrogen injection on the target battery cluster based on the topology database matching results, performs cooperative isolation injection on adjacent battery clusters, and simultaneously links the pressure relief device to maintain the pressure balance inside the tank. S4 Closed-loop feedback: After injection is executed, the sensor blanking mechanism is activated to filter out cold shock interference, and then the monitoring stage based on hysteresis control logic is entered. The pulse supplementary injection strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature rise trend until the thermal runaway state is resolved.

2. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset static topology mapping in S1 is a four-level static topology mapping table constructed from the locations of containers, battery clusters, modules, and optical fibers. The real-time temperature field distribution is obtained by acquiring temperature data distributed along the optical fiber with millimeter-level spatial resolution through OFDR demodulation equipment, and the frequency shift of the optical signal is accurately located to the physical module coordinates through a static mapping table.

3. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for constructing a level 4 static topology mapping table is as follows: Map_Key = Container_ID + Rack_ID + Module_ID Value = {Start_Fiber, End_Fiber} {Map_Key1:Value1,Map_Key2:Value2,...}.

4. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multidimensional feature fusion analysis in S2 specifically includes the following: A calculation formula for HGR based on an adiabatic temperature rise model is established. When the estimated heat generation rate exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be the early stage of internal short circuit. Real-time calculation of the relative temperature difference between the current battery cluster and other battery clusters in the same container. , An alert is triggered when the deviation from the group average exceeds a set value. The suppression instruction is triggered when the following logic is met, as shown in the formula below: ]}； In the formula, , , These are the threshold values ​​for heat production rate, characteristic gas concentration, and temperature rise rate, respectively.

5. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating HGR is as follows: ； In the formula, HGR represents the heat generated inside the battery; C p dT / dt is the specific heat capacity of the thermal runaway battery; m is the mass of the thermal runaway cell; dT / dt is the battery temperature rise rate; h is the convective heat transfer coefficient; A is the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the battery; T is the real-time temperature of the battery; T amd The ambient temperature.

6. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, The relative temperature difference between the target cluster and its neighboring clusters; T i The temperature of the target cluster; T jn Let n be the temperature of the adjacent cluster n.

7. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes the following: S31: Parse the logical address in the suppression instruction and lock the target cluster that has experienced thermal runaway and its adjacent physical clusters; S32: Activates full-open mode for continuous and powerful cooling of the target cluster; uses pulse width modulation to control the duty cycle of the solenoid valves for adjacent clusters, forming a low-temperature isolation zone to block heat spread. S33: Simultaneously control the electric pressure relief valve or explosion-proof fan to open while the liquid nitrogen solenoid valve is open, and dynamically adjust the opening of the pressure relief port by calculating the liquid nitrogen vaporization expansion volume in real time.

8. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The logical address in the suppression instruction in S31 is used to locate the abnormal segment of the sensor. Determine the container number, cluster number, and module number to which this segment belongs based on the static mapping table.

9. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The duty cycle for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve in the S32 pulse width modulation method includes: Spray for 10 minutes, stop for 2 minutes, then spray for another 10 minutes, until the target cluster is sprayed.

10. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The communication architecture for disconnecting the faulty circuit is based on the IEC61850 communication protocol.

11. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preset time window after liquid nitrogen injection in S4 Inside, the system automatically masks OFDR temperature data to avoid misjudgment caused by Rayleigh scattering signal distortion due to rapid liquid nitrogen cooling; Set upper temperature threshold and lower threshold After the blanking process is completed, if the monitored temperature rises back to Then pulse injection is triggered until the temperature drops to [temperature value missing]. The following measures are taken to prevent reignition and vibration.

12. The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control according to claim 11, characterized in that: The system automatically masks OFDR temperature data in the following steps: Immediately record the OFDR temperature sampling value T at the moment before the injection command is issued. last ; In t blanking Within the time window, the real-time demodulation results for that period are actively discarded during the logical operation, and the system feedback temperature T is displayed. feedback Forced lock to T last This filters out abnormal frequency shift signals caused by nonlinear shrinkage and microbending loss of optical fiber materials at extremely low temperatures. When the timer expires, the system reads the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the current optical signal. If the SNR is higher than the preset quality threshold, it indicates that the optical fiber has recovered its physical stability from the thermal shock, and the system automatically releases the data hold and restores the real-time temperature T. real_time The output is then fed into the hysteresis control logic to determine whether pulse supplementation is required.

13. A system, characterized in that, The method for precise suppression of battery thermal runaway in an energy storage power station based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-12 includes: A container, wherein battery clusters are installed inside the container; Sensors are arranged along the surface of each group of batteries; A ceramic ferrule, wherein the ceramic ferrule is used for high-voltage insulation encapsulation of the sensor; The OFDR demodulation device is connected to the sensor and is used to receive the feedback signal from the sensor. The decision-making unit acquires environmental data from the SCADA system via the IEC61850MMS protocol and performs calculations in conjunction with OFDR temperature data. A liquid nitrogen injection device that receives a suppression command from a decision unit and cools the target battery cluster and / or adjacent battery clusters.

14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that: The sensor is made of special optical fiber coated with polyimide.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the precise suppression method for battery thermal runaway of energy storage power stations based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-12.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that are used to cause a processor to execute the precise suppression method for thermal runaway of batteries in an energy storage power station based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-12.

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