A mobile terminal

Abstract

The application relates to the communication technical field, and discloses a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal comprises an antenna, the antenna comprises a first branch and a second branch, one end of the first branch is provided with a first grounding point facing the second branch, and one end of the second branch is provided with a second grounding point facing the first branch; the mobile terminal further comprises a first tuning circuit, the first tuning circuit comprises a first switch, a first branch and a second branch; the first switch is arranged at one end of the first branch away from the second branch, and the first switch is used for controlling one end of the first branch away from the second branch to be coupled with the ground through the first branch or the second branch; the first branch comprises a first capacitor; and the second branch comprises a first inductor. In the application, the first tuning circuit is used to form the length difference of the two branches, so that the resonance frequency of the resonance generated by the two branches can be staggered, thereby improving the isolation of the two branches, and further helping to improve the performance of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a mobile terminal. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of mobile communication, the communication capabilities of mobile terminals are becoming increasingly powerful. Network coverage of mobile cellular networks is crucial for mobile communication, and the key equipment used to achieve network coverage in mobile cellular networks is the terminal antenna. Terminal antennas typically consist of multiple radiators. Because these multiple radiators coexist within the limited space of a mobile terminal, the spacing between them is small. This leads to severe mutual coupling between different radiators, affecting antenna performance and consequently impacting the communication quality of the mobile terminal. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal's antenna, thereby improving the mobile terminal's communication performance.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a mobile terminal, which includes an antenna. The antenna may include a first stub and a second stub, with a first grounding point at the end of the first stub facing the second stub and a second grounding point at the end of the second stub facing the first stub. The mobile terminal also includes a first tuning circuit, which includes a first switch, a first branch, and a second branch. The first switch is located at the end of the first stub away from the second stub and can be used to control the end of the first stub away from the second stub to be coupled to ground through the first branch or the second branch. The first branch includes a first capacitor, and the second branch includes a first inductor.

[0005] In this application, when the first switch controls the second end of the first stub to connect to the first branch, i.e., when a first capacitor is applied to the second end of the first stub, the electrical length of the first stub can be increased; when the first switch notifies the second end of the first stub to connect to the second branch, i.e., when a first inductor is applied to the second end of the first stub, the electrical length of the first stub can be decreased. Therefore, this application can change the electrical length of the first stub through the first tuning circuit, thereby creating a difference between the electrical length of the first stub and the electrical length of the second stub. In this way, the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first stub and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the second stub can be misaligned, improving the isolation between the first stub and the second stub, and changing the strong coupling relationship between the first stub and the second stub to a weak coupling relationship, thereby helping to improve the performance of the antenna and thus the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0006] In some implementations, the first tuning circuit may further include a third branch disconnected from ground. The first switch may also be used to control the connection of the end of the first branch away from the second branch to the third branch, in which case the electrical length of the first branch remains substantially unchanged.

[0007] In some implementations, the mobile terminal may further include a second tuning circuit, which may include a second switch, a fourth branch, and a fifth branch. The second switch is located at the end of the second branch away from the first branch. The second switch can be used to control the proportional coupling of one end of the first branch to ground via a third or fourth branch. The third branch includes a second capacitor, and the fourth branch includes an inductor. By controlling the loading of the second capacitor or second inductor at the second end of the second branch via the second switch, the electrical length of the second branch can be changed. Combined with the control of the first branch by the first switch, the difference between the electrical lengths of the first and second branches can be further increased, improving the isolation between the first and second branches.

[0008] In some implementations, the second tuning circuit may further include a sixth branch, which is disconnected from ground. The second switch may also be used to control the connection of the end of the second branch away from the first branch to the sixth branch, in which case the electrical length of the second branch remains substantially unchanged.

[0009] In some implementations, when the first switch connects the end of the first stub away from the second stub to the first branch, and the second switch connects the end of the second stub away from the first stub to the fifth branch, the first stub generates a first resonance, and the second stub generates a second resonance. The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance satisfy: |f1-f2| ≤ 0.3Fb. When the first switch connects the end of the first stub away from the second stub to the second branch, and the second switch connects the end of the second stub away from the first stub to the fourth branch, the first stub generates a third resonance, and the second stub generates a fourth resonance. The resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy: |f3-f4| ≤ 0.3Fb, where Fb is the center frequency of the antenna. By limiting the difference between the resonant frequencies of the first and second resonators, and the difference between the resonant frequencies of the third and fourth resonators, the isolation between the first and second stubs can be effectively improved, while ensuring the signal transmission quality of the antenna within its operating frequency band.

[0010] In some implementations, the first grounding point and the second grounding point are spaced apart, that is, the first branch and the second branch are grounded adjacent to each other. In other implementations, the first grounding point and the second grounding point may also be the same grounding point, that is, the first branch and the second branch may share a grounding point.

[0011] In some implementations, the first stub includes a first feed point, which may be located between a first ground point and the end of the first stub facing away from the second stub; the second stub includes a second feed point, which is located between a second ground point and the end of the second stub facing away from the first stub. In this scheme, the antenna uses direct feeding to power the first and second stubs. By controlling the first stub with a first tuning circuit and the second stub with a second tuning circuit, the antenna can achieve multiple operating states and realize antenna pattern reconstruction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna may further include a first impedance matching circuit connected to a first feed point. The antenna may also include a second impedance matching circuit connected to a second feed point. The first impedance matching circuit can be used to perform impedance matching on the first stub, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency generated by the first stub; the second impedance matching circuit can be used to perform impedance matching on the second stub, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency generated by the second stub.

[0013] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a feed line comprising a feed point, a first connection terminal, and a second connection terminal. The first connection terminal is connected to a first stub, and the second connection terminal is connected to a second stub. This feeding method is called distributed feeding. Similarly, in this feeding method, by controlling the first stub through a first tuning circuit and controlling the second stub through a second tuning circuit, the antenna can achieve multiple operating states, enabling antenna pattern reconstruction.

[0014] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a feed line, which includes a feed point. The feed line is located on one side of the first and second stubs, and a first gap exists between the feed line and the first stub, through which the feed line feeds the first stub. A second gap exists between the feed line and the second stub, through which the feed line feeds the second stub. Both ends of the feed line are coupled to ground, meaning the feed line adopts a closed slot form with both ends grounded. This feeding method is called coupled feeding. Under this feeding method, by controlling the first stub through the first tuning circuit and the second tuning circuit through the second tuning circuit, the antenna can achieve multiple operating states and realize antenna pattern reconstruction.

[0015] In some implementations, the two ends of the antenna can be coupled to ground via inductive structures to reduce the length of the feed line, thereby reducing its footprint in the mobile terminal.

[0016] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a feed line with a feed point. The feed line is located on one side of the first and second stubs, with a first gap between the feed line and the first stub, through which the feed line feeds the first stub. A second gap exists between the feed line and the second stub, through which the feed line feeds the second stub. Both ends of the feed line are open, meaning it is a wire antenna with open ends. With this feeding method, by controlling the first stub with a first tuning circuit and the second stub with a second tuning circuit, the antenna can achieve multiple operating states and its radiation pattern can be reconstructed.

[0017] In some implementations, the connection point between the first and second stubs is a shared feed point, and this connection point can be grounded via an inductive structure. This scheme provides a relatively simple antenna feeding method, which helps to simplify the antenna structure.

[0018] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a third stub and a third tuning circuit. The third stub is located on the side of the second stub away from the first stub, and the third stub is spaced apart from the second stub. The end of the third stub facing the second stub includes a third grounding point. The third tuning circuit includes a third switch, a seventh branch, and an eighth branch. The third switch is located at the end of the third stub away from the second stub and is used to control the coupling of the end of the third stub away from the second stub to ground through a fifth or sixth branch. The seventh branch includes a third capacitor, and the eighth branch includes a third inductor. By controlling the connection of the second end of the third stub to different branches through the third switch, and in conjunction with the control of the second stub by the second switch, the electrical length of the third stub can differ from that of the second stub, thus creating a weak coupling relationship between the third and second stubs. Furthermore, by utilizing the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the third stub to lead or lag the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first or second stub, it is possible to further achieve transmission or direction of the antenna pattern.

[0019] In some implementations, the third tuning circuit may also include a ninth branch, which is disconnected from ground. The third switch may also be used to control the connection of the end of the third branch away from the second branch to the ninth branch, in which case the electrical length of the third branch remains essentially unchanged.

[0020] In some implementations, the electrical length of the first stub is 1 / 4λ1 and the electrical length of the second stub is 1 / 4λ2; or, the electrical length of the first stub is 1 / 4λ1 and the electrical length of the second stub is 3 / 4λ2; where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first stub and λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the second stub.

[0021] In some implementations, the mobile terminal also includes a frame, and the frame may be provided with a first branch and a second branch around the periphery of the mobile terminal. That is to say, the antenna in this application can be a frame antenna.

[0022] In other embodiments, the frame includes a first frame, and both the first branch and the second branch can be disposed on the first frame. Alternatively, the frame includes a first frame and a second frame, the first frame and the second frame are connected, the first branch is disposed on the end of the first frame near the second frame, and the second branch is disposed on the end of the second frame near the first frame. That is, the first branch and the second branch can be disposed on the same side frame of the mobile terminal, or on adjacent side frames of the mobile terminal. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the frame antenna of a related technology is configured in a mobile terminal.

[0025] Figure 3a for Figure 2 The S-parameter curve of the frame antenna shown in the figure;

[0026] Figure 3b for Figure 2 The efficiency curve of the frame antenna is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in one operating state;

[0029] Figure 6a for Figure 5 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0030] Figure 6b for Figure 5 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8a for Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0033] Figure 8b for Figure 7The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0034] Figure 9a for Figure 7 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0035] Figure 9b for Figure 7 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 10a for Figure 7 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0037] Figure 10b for Figure 10a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0038] Figure 11a for Figure 7 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0039] Figure 11b for Figure 11a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0040] Figure 12a for Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0041] Figure 12b for Figure 12a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0042] Figure 13a for Figure 7 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0043] Figure 13b for Figure 13a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0044] Figure 14a for Figure 7 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0045] Figure 14b for Figure 14a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0046] Figure 15a for Figure 7 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0047] Figure 15b for Figure 15a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0048] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 18a for Figure 17 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0051] Figure 18b for Figure 17 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0052] Figure 19a for Figure 17 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0053] Figure 19b for Figure 17 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0054] Figure 20a for Figure 17 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0055] Figure 20b for Figure 20a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0056] Figure 21a for Figure 17 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0057] Figure 21b for Figure 21a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0058] Figure 22a for Figure 17 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0059] Figure 22b for Figure 22a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0060] Figure 23a for Figure 17 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0061] Figure 23b for Figure 23a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0062] Figure 24a for Figure 17 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0063] Figure 24b for Figure 24a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0064] Figure 25a for Figure 17 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0065] Figure 25b for Figure 25a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0066] Figure 26a for Figure 7 The gain pattern of the antenna shown;

[0067] Figure 26b for Figure 16 The gain pattern of the antenna shown;

[0068] Figure 26c for Figure 17 The gain pattern of the antenna shown;

[0069] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 28a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0071] Figure 28b for Figure 27 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0072] Figure 28c for Figure 27 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its third operating state;

[0073] Figure 28d for Figure 27 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its fourth operating state.

[0074] Figure 29a for Figure 27 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0075] Figure 29b for Figure 27 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0076] Figure 30a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0077] Figure 30b for Figure 30a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0078] Figure 31a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0079] Figure 31b for Figure 31a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0080] Figure 32a for Figure 27 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0081] Figure 32b for Figure 32a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0082] Figure 33a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna.

[0083] Figure 33b for Figure 33a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0084] Figure 34a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0085] Figure 34b for Figure 34a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0086] Figure 35a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0087] Figure 35b for Figure 35a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0088] Figure 36a for Figure 27 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0089] Figure 36b for Figure 36a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0090] Figure 37a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna.

[0091] Figure 37b for Figure 37a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0092] Figure 38a Color diagram of the radiation pattern when the antenna only includes the second stub 20;

[0093] Figure 38b for Figure 38a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0094] Figure 39a Color illustration of the current distribution on the ground when the antenna only includes the second stub 20;

[0095] Figure 39b for Figure 39a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0096] Figure 40a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its third operating state.

[0097] Figure 40b for Figure 40a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0098] Figure 41a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current intensity of the antenna in its third operating state.

[0099] Figure 41b for Figure 41a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0100] Figure 42a for Figure 27 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the third operating state;

[0101] Figure 42b for Figure 42a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0102] Figure 43a for Figure 27The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna shown.

[0103] Figure 43b for Figure 43a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0104] Figure 44a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its fourth operating state.

[0105] Figure 44b for Figure 44a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0106] Figure 45a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current intensity of the antenna in its fourth operating state.

[0107] Figure 45b for Figure 45a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0108] Figure 46a for Figure 27 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the fourth operating state;

[0109] Figure 46b for Figure 46a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0110] Figure 47a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the fourth operating state of the antenna.

[0111] Figure 47b for Figure 47a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0112] Figure 48a Color diagram of the radiation pattern when the antenna only includes the first stub 10;

[0113] Figure 48b for Figure 48a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0114] Figure 49a Color illustration of the current distribution on the ground plane when the antenna only includes the first stub 10;

[0115] Figure 49b for Figure 49a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0116] Figure 50 for Figure 27 The antenna shown has gain patterns in four operating states;

[0117] Figure 51a A diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal held in the right hand.

[0118] Figure 51b A diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal held in the left hand;

[0119] Figure 52 The image shows the performance curve of the antenna in the second operating state using a hand model.

[0120] Figure 53a Color image of the antenna's radiation pattern in the second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand;

[0121] Figure 53b For the Figure 53a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0122] Figure 54a Color image of the antenna's radiation pattern in the second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand;

[0123] Figure 54b for Figure 54a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0124] Figure 55a A diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal with the right hand holding it and the right head close to it.

[0125] Figure 55b A diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal with the left hand holding it and the left side of the head close to it.

[0126] Figure 56 This is a head-mode performance curve of the antenna in the second operating state;

[0127] Figure 57a Color image of the antenna's radiation pattern in the second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand and close to the right side of the head;

[0128] Figure 57b For the Figure 57a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0129] Figure 58a Color image of the antenna's radiation pattern in the second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand and the left side of the head is close to it;

[0130] Figure 58b for Figure 58a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0131] Figure 59 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0132] Figure 60a for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0133] Figure 60b for Figure 59 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0134] Figure 60c for Figure 59 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its third operating state;

[0135] Figure 61a for Figure 59 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0136] Figure 61b for Figure 59 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0137] Figure 62a for Figure 59 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0138] Figure 62b for Figure 62a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0139] Figure 63a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 59 in its first operating state;

[0140] Figure 63b for Figure 63a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0141] Figure 64a for Figure 59 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0142] Figure 64b for Figure 64a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0143] Figure 65a for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna.

[0144] Figure 65b for Figure 65aThe grayscale image corresponding to the current distribution diagram of the circuit board shown;

[0145] Figure 66a for Figure 59 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0146] Figure 66b for Figure 66a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0147] Figure 67a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 59 in the second operating state;

[0148] Figure 67b for Figure 67a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0149] Figure 68a for Figure 59 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0150] Figure 68b for Figure 68a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0151] Figure 69a for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the circuit board of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna.

[0152] Figure 69b for Figure 69a The grayscale image corresponding to the current distribution diagram of the circuit board shown;

[0153] Figure 70a for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its third operating state.

[0154] Figure 70b for Figure 70a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0155] Figure 71a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 59 in the third operating state;

[0156] Figure 71b for Figure 71a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0157] Figure 72a for Figure 59 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the third operating state;

[0158] Figure 72b for Figure 72a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0159] Figure 73a for Figure 59 The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna shown.

[0160] Figure 73b for Figure 73a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0161] Figure 74 for Figure 59 The antenna shown has gain patterns in three operating states;

[0162] Figure 75 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0163] Figure 76a for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0164] Figure 76b for Figure 75 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0165] Figure 76c for Figure 75 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its third operating state;

[0166] Figure 77a for Figure 75 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0167] Figure 77b for Figure 75 The efficiency curve of the antenna shown is shown in the figure.

[0168] Figure 78a for Figure 75 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0169] Figure 78b for Figure 78a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0170] Figure 79a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 75 in its first operating state;

[0171] Figure 79b for Figure 79a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0172] Figure 80a for Figure 75 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0173] Figure 80b for Figure 80a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0174] Figure 81a for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna.

[0175] Figure 81b for Figure 81a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0176] Figure 82a for Figure 75 A color illustration of the current flow direction of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0177] Figure 82b for Figure 82a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0178] Figure 83a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 75 in the second operating state;

[0179] Figure 83b for Figure 83a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0180] Figure 84a for Figure 75 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0181] Figure 84b for Figure 84a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0182] Figure 85a for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna.

[0183] Figure 85b for Figure 85a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0184] Figure 86a for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its third operating state.

[0185] Figure 86b for Figure 86a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0186] Figure 87a A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna shown in Figure 75 in the third operating state;

[0187] Figure 87b for Figure 87a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0188] Figure 88a for Figure 75 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the third operating state;

[0189] Figure 88b for Figure 88a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0190] Figure 89a for Figure 75 The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna shown.

[0191] Figure 89b for Figure 89a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown;

[0192] Figure 90 for Figure 75 The antenna shown has gain patterns in three operating states;

[0193] Figure 91 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0194] Figure 92a for Figure 91 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state;

[0195] Figure 92b for Figure 91 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0196] Figure 93a for Figure 91 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown in the figure;

[0197] Figure 93b for Figure 91 The antenna shown is Figure 17 The efficiency curve of the antenna is shown.

[0198] Figure 94a for Figure 91 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0199] Figure 94b for Figure 94a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0200] Figure 95a for Figure 91 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0201] Figure 95b for Figure 95a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0202] Figure 96a for Figure 91 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0203] Figure 96b for Figure 96a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0204] Figure 97a for Figure 17 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0205] Figure 97b for Figure 97a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0206] Figure 98a for Figure 17 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0207] Figure 98b for Figure 98a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0208] Figure 99a for Figure 17 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0209] Figure 99b for Figure 99a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0210] Figure 100a for Figure 91 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0211] Figure 100b for Figure 100a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0212] Figure 101 for Figure 91The antenna shown is Figure 17 The gain pattern of the antenna shown;

[0213] Figure 102 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0214] Figure 103a for Figure 102 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0215] Figure 103b for Figure 102 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0216] Figure 104a for Figure 102 The antenna shown is Figure 27 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown;

[0217] Figure 104b for Figure 102 The antenna shown is Figure 27 The efficiency curve of the antenna is shown.

[0218] Figure 105a for Figure 102 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0219] Figure 105b for Figure 105a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0220] Figure 106a for Figure 102 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0221] Figure 106b for Figure 106a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0222] Figure 107a for Figure 102 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0223] Figure 107b for Figure 107a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0224] Figure 108a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0225] Figure 108b for Figure 108a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0226] Figure 109a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in its first operating state.

[0227] Figure 109b for Figure 109a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0228] Figure 110a for Figure 27 The radiation pattern of the antenna shown is in color, depicting its first operating state.

[0229] Figure 110b for Figure 110a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0230] Figure 111 for Figure 102 The antenna shown in the first operating state is with Figure 27 The antenna shown is in its first operating state, with a gain pattern.

[0231] Figure 112a for Figure 102 The antenna shown is Figure 27 The S-parameter curve of the antenna shown;

[0232] Figure 112b for Figure 102 The antenna shown is Figure 27 The efficiency curve of the antenna is shown.

[0233] Figure 113a for Figure 102 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0234] Figure 113b for Figure 113a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0235] Figure 114a for Figure 102 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0236] Figure 114b for Figure 114a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0237] Figure 115a for Figure 102 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0238] Figure 115b for Figure 115aThe grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0239] Figure 116a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a color illustration illustrating the current flow of the antenna in its second operating state.

[0240] Figure 116b for Figure 116a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure;

[0241] Figure 117a for Figure 27 A color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna in the second operating state.

[0242] Figure 117b for Figure 117a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure;

[0243] Figure 118a for Figure 27 Color image of the radiation pattern of the antenna in its second operating state;

[0244] Figure 118b for Figure 118a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown;

[0245] Figure 119 for Figure 102 The antenna shown in the second operating state is with Figure 27 The antenna shown is in its gain pattern under the second operating condition.

[0246] Figure 120a and Figure 120b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in this application under two operating states;

[0247] Figure 121 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0248] Figure 122a and Figure 122b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in this application under two operating states;

[0249] Figure 123a and Figure 123b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in this application under two operating states;

[0250] Figure 124 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0251] Figure 125 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0252] Figure 126 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0253] Figure label:

[0254] 010-Mobile terminal; 011-Display / module; 0111-Cover plate; 0112-Display panel; 012-Circuit board; 013-Back cover; 014-Middle frame;

[0255] 0141 - Middle plate; 0142 - Frame; 02 - First frame; 021 - First segment; 022 - Second segment; 023 - Third segment;

[0256] 024 - Fourth segment; 03 - Second border; 04 - Third border; 05 - Fourth border;

[0257] 100 - Antenna; 10 - First stub; 10a - First end of the first stub; 10b - Second end of the first stub; 11 - First grounding point;

[0258] 12 - First feed point; 20 - Second branch; 20a - First end of the second branch; 20b - Second end of the second branch; 21 - Second grounding point;

[0259] 22 - Second feed point; 30 - Impedance matching circuit; 30a - First impedance matching circuit; 30b - Second impedance matching circuit;

[0260] 40 - First tuning circuit; 41 - First switch; 42 - First branch; 43 - Second branch; 44 - Third branch;

[0261] 50 - Second tuning circuit; 51 - Second switch; 52 - Fourth branch; 53 - Fifth branch; 54 - Sixth branch;

[0262] 60 - Feeder line; 61 - Feeder point; 62 - First gap; 63 - Second gap; 64 - First sub-line; 65 - Second sub-line;

[0263] 70 - Third branch; 70a - First end of the third branch; 70b - Second end of the third branch; 71 - Third grounding point;

[0264] 80 - Third tuning circuit; 81 - Third switch; 82 - Seventh branch; 83 - Eighth branch; 84 - Ninth branch. Detailed Implementation

[0265] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0266] It should be noted that specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate understanding of this application. However, the embodiments of this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0267] First, the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application will be explained.

[0268] Radiator (or antenna stub): This is the device in an antenna used to receive / transmit electromagnetic waves. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as the radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then delivered to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0269] Radiators (or antenna stubs) may include conductors with specific shapes and sizes, such as wires or sheets, and this application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, a linear radiator may be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, a linear radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, a linear radiator may be implemented by a support conductor, and may also be called a support antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the linear radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna, is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), while the electrical length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., the electrical length is around 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (IFA). For example, in a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed section. For example, an inverted-F antenna can be considered as a monopole antenna with an added ground path. An inverted-F antenna has one feed point and one ground point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is inverted-F shaped. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented using a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive coating). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular shapes, and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.

[0270] Radiators (or antenna stubs) may also include slots or gaps formed on a conductor, for example, closed or semi-closed slots or gaps formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be simply referred to as a slot antenna or a gap antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including width) of the slot or gap of the slot antenna / gap antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), while the electrical length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the electrical length is approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or gap may be simply referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or gap (e.g., an opening added to a closed slot or gap) may be simply referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the gap shape is elongated. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately an integer multiple of a wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed by transmission lines connected across one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame grounded at both ends, also known as a frame antenna; in this embodiment, the slot antenna or gap antenna can be viewed as including a linear radiator, the linear radiator being spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or gap. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a support conductor grounded at both ends, also known as a support antenna.

[0271] A matching circuit is a circuit associated with adjusting the radiation characteristics of an antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator. Typically, the matching circuit is coupled between the test mount and the radiator. In one embodiment, the matching circuit has impedance matching and / or frequency tuning functions. It is generally considered part of the antenna.

[0272] A tuning circuit is a circuit associated with adjusting the resonant frequency of an antenna. In one embodiment, the tuning circuit is coupled between the radiator and the ground. In another embodiment, the tuning circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the radiator. In yet another embodiment, the tuning circuit functions as impedance matching and / or frequency tuning. Typically, it is considered part of the antenna.

[0273] In one embodiment, the matching circuit / tuning circuit may include switches and / or electronic components / devices, where the switches may be electronic components / devices for switching the coupling connection of the radiator. The switches in the matching circuit / tuning circuit may also be referred to as antenna switches. In one embodiment, the matching circuit / tuning circuit may include a filter circuit.

[0274] The grounding / feeding structure may include connectors, such as metal springs, and the radiator is coupled to the ground via the grounding structure and coupled to the feed circuit via the feed structure. In some embodiments, the feed structure may include a transmission line / feed wire, and the grounding structure may include a ground wire.

[0275] A feed line, also called a transmission line, is the connection line between the antenna transceiver and the radiator. Transmission lines can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves, depending on the frequency and type. The connection point on the radiator where the transmission line connects is usually called the feed point. Transmission lines include conductive transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, and microstrip lines. Depending on their implementation, transmission lines can include antenna supports or glass antenna bodies. Depending on the carrier, transmission lines can be made of liquid crystal polymer (LCP), flexible printed circuit boards (FPC), or printed circuit boards (PCBs).

[0276] Ground / Plug: This can refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within a mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground / Plug" can be used for grounding components within the mobile terminal, or in other words, can be used as a reference ground for components within the mobile terminal. Typically, large areas / blocks of metal layers within a mobile terminal can serve as "ground / Plug." In one embodiment, "ground / Plug" may include any one or more of the following: a grounding layer of the mobile terminal's circuit board, a ground plane formed by the mobile terminal's mid-frame, a grounding metal layer formed by a thin metal film beneath the screen, a conductive grounding layer of the battery, a metal hinge of a foldable mobile terminal, a metal back cover of the mobile terminal (e.g., when at least a portion of the back cover is metal), and conductive or metal components electrically connected to the aforementioned grounding layer / ground plane / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-to-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass, polymers, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, the trace layer and the ground layer being electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) devices may be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0277] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0278] Grounding: refers to coupling with the aforementioned ground / floor via a grounding structure and / or grounding circuit. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a structural component of the mid-frame to achieve a physical ground (or physical ground) at a specific location on the frame. In another embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices like capacitors / inductors / resistors connected in series or parallel (or device ground).

[0279] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The point of strongest resonance can be called the resonant point, and the frequency corresponding to the resonant point is the resonant frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, when the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application generates "first / second...resonance", the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.

[0280] Resonant frequency band: The range of resonant frequencies is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristic at any frequency point within the resonant frequency band can be less than -4dB.

[0281] Communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band.

[0282] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna can cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0283] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0284]

[0285] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0286] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0287]

[0288] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0289] In some embodiments of this application, the physical length of the radiator can be understood as falling within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the electrical length of the radiator.

[0290] The wavelength (or operating wavelength) can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band.

[0291] It should be understood that the wavelength of a radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁸ m / s. The wavelength of a radiation signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: Where ε is the relative permittivity of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of this application typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0292] End / Point: The term "end / point" in the context of the antenna radiator's first end / second end / feed end / ground end / feed point / ground point / connection point should not be narrowly interpreted as an endpoint or end that is physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, "end / point" may include a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures. For example, a feed end / feed point may be a coupling region on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a feed structure (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed structure). Similarly, a ground end / ground point may be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a ground structure.

[0293] Open and Closed Terminals: In some embodiments, open and closed terminals are defined relative to whether or not they are grounded; the closed terminal is grounded, and the open terminal is not grounded. In one embodiment, the open terminal may also be referred to as a floating terminal, a free terminal, an open terminal, or an open-circuit terminal. In one embodiment, the closed terminal may also be referred to as a grounded terminal or a short-circuit terminal. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open terminal to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0294] To put it simply, the "open end" of a radiator can be defined as one end of the radiator that is spaced apart from the floor or coupled to the floor through a capacitive device.

[0295] To put it simply, the "grounding terminal" of a radiator can be understood as: if one end of the radiator is directly connected to the floor or coupled to the floor through an inductive device, it can be regarded as the grounding terminal of the radiator.

[0296] In some embodiments, the understanding of "closed end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. A closed end or ground end can be understood as a point of high current or low electric field on a radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., inductive devices) through a closed end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field. In one embodiment, opening a slit at or near the closed end (e.g., filling the slit with insulating material) can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field.

[0297] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open terminal" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. An open terminal or a floating terminal can be understood as a point with a small current or a point with a large electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., capacitive devices) through an open terminal can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point with a small current or a large electric field.

[0298] It should be understood that when an electronic device (e.g., capacitor, inductor, etc.) is coupled at the radiator end of a gap (which, from the perspective of the radiator's structure, resembles a radiator at the opening of an open or suspended end), the radiator end can be a point with a large current / small electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0299] The current in the same direction / opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the main current on the same side of the conductor being in the same direction / opposite direction. For example, when a current distributed in the same direction is excited on a conductor that is bent or looped (e.g., the current path is also bent or looped), it should be understood that, for example, the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of a looped conductor (e.g., on the conductors on both sides of a gap) is opposite in direction, but it still falls under the definition of current distributed in the same direction in this application. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has no reversal point. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reversal point and flows in the same direction. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reversal point and flows in opposite directions. Current in the same direction / opposite direction on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0300] Relative / Relative Setting: A and B relative setting can refer to A and B being face-to-face. For example, when two radiators are set relative to each other, the two radiators overlap in at least a partial area along a certain direction. In one embodiment, the two relatively set radiators are adjacent to each other and there are no other radiators or conductors other than antenna structures between them.

[0301] Impedance and Impedance Matching: Antenna impedance generally refers to the ratio of voltage to current at the antenna input. Antenna impedance is a measure of the resistance of the antenna to electrical signals. Generally, the input impedance of an antenna is a complex number; the real part is called the input resistance, denoted by Ri; the imaginary part is called the input reactance, denoted by Xi. Antennas with an electrical length much smaller than the operating wavelength have very large input reactances; for example, short dipole antennas have large capacitive reactances, and small-loop antennas have large inductive reactances. The input impedance of a very thin half-wave dipole is approximately 73.1 + j42.5 ohms. In practical applications, for ease of matching, it is generally desirable for the input reactance of a symmetrical dipole to be zero; the length of the dipole in this case is called the resonant length. The length of a resonant half-wave dipole is slightly shorter than half a wavelength in free space; in engineering, it is generally estimated to be shortened by 5%. The input impedance of an antenna is related to factors such as the antenna's geometry, size, feed point location, operating wavelength, and surrounding environment. When the diameter of a wire antenna is relatively large, the input impedance changes more gradually with frequency, and the antenna's impedance bandwidth is wider.

[0302] The primary purpose of studying antenna impedance is to achieve matching between the antenna and the transmission line. To match the transmitting antenna to the transmission line, the antenna's input impedance should equal the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. To match the receiving antenna to the receiver, the antenna's input impedance should equal the complex conjugate of the load impedance. Receivers typically have real impedances. When the antenna impedance is complex, a matching network is needed to eliminate the reactive portion of the antenna and equalize its resistive portion.

[0303] When the antenna and transmission line are matched, the power transmitted from the transmitter to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver is at its maximum. At this point, no reflected waves appear on the transmission line, the reflection coefficient is zero, and the standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 1. The quality of the antenna-transmission line matching is measured by the reflection coefficient or VSWR at the antenna input. For a transmitting antenna, poor matching will reduce the antenna's radiated power, increase losses on the transmission line, and decrease the transmission line's power capacity. In severe cases, it can even cause transmitter frequency "pulling," meaning a change in the oscillation frequency.

[0304] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0305] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0306] In one embodiment, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In one embodiment, the resonance shown in the S11 diagram within the range of -6dB can be understood as the resonant frequency / frequency range / operating frequency band generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna radiation efficiency; the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0307] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0308] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0309] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Both metal loss and dielectric loss are factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0310] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0311] dB: This stands for decibel, a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. In other words, a 10-decibel difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20-decibel difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3-decibel difference is a 2-fold difference between the two quantities.

[0312] dBi: Usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. The reference point for dBi is an omnidirectional antenna; the reference point for dBd is a dipole. Generally, dBi and dBd are considered to represent the same gain, but the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than that expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0313] The mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application is described below. In the embodiments of this application, the mobile terminal may be, but is not limited to, any form of mobile terminal such as a candybar phone, a foldable phone, a multi-folding phone, a tablet computer, or a smart screen. The mobile terminal may employ one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies.

[0314] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application, using a mobile phone as an example. (Reference) Figure 1 As shown, the mobile terminal may include a display / module 011, a printed circuit board (PCB) 012, and a rear cover 013. The display 011 and the rear cover 013 are connected to form an accommodating space, within which the PCB 012 is disposed. The PCB 012 can be used to house electronic components such as processors and radio frequency chips, and provides electrical connections, protection, support, and assembly for these electronic components. It should be understood that... Figure 1 The mobile terminal 010 is shown only schematically; the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 limited.

[0315] The display screen 011 can be used to display images, text, etc., and can be a flat screen or a curved screen. The display screen 011 may include a cover plate 0111 and a display panel 0112. The display panel 0112 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), or the like. In some implementations, the display panel 0112 may also integrate touch functionality. The cover plate 0111 is stacked on the side of the display panel 0112 facing away from the back cover 013. The cover plate 0111 can be set tightly against the display panel 0112, providing protection and dust prevention for the display panel 0112. The material of the cover plate 0111 may be, but is not limited to, glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.

[0316] The mobile terminal 010 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure), which is disposed within an accommodating space. In some embodiments, the circuit board 012 is divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, and the battery may also be disposed between the motherboard and the daughterboard.

[0317] In some embodiments of this application, the electronic device may further include a mid-frame 014, with the cover plate 0111 of the display screen 011 and the rear cover 013 respectively connected to both sides of the mid-frame 014. The display screen 011, the mid-frame 014, and the rear cover 013 together enclose and form the accommodating space of the mobile terminal. Exemplarily, the display screen 011 and the rear cover 013 may be respectively fixed to both sides of the mid-frame 014 by adhesive bonding.

[0318] In some embodiments, the middle frame 014 may include a middle plate 0141 and a frame 0142. The middle plate 0141 can provide fixed support for components such as the circuit board 012 and battery of the mobile terminal. In one implementation, the circuit board 012 and battery may be disposed on the same side of the middle plate 0141, for example, both the circuit board 012 and battery may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the back cover 013, or both may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the display screen 011. In another implementation, the circuit board 012 and battery may be disposed on opposite sides of the middle plate 0141, for example, the circuit board 012 may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the display screen 011, and the battery may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the back cover 013, or the circuit board 012 may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the back cover 013, and the battery may be disposed between the middle plate 0141 and the display screen 011. The frame 0142 surrounds the periphery of the middle plate 0141, and the outer surface of the frame 0142 may serve as the exterior surface of the mobile terminal.

[0319] Exemplarily, the middle plate 0141 and the frame 0142 can be an integral structure, with the cover plate 0111 and the rear cover 013 respectively covering both sides of the frame 0142. Alternatively, the middle plate 0141 and the frame 0142 can also be designed separately and then assembled into a whole. For example, the frame 0142 may include connectors extending into the mobile terminal for connection with the middle frame 014. Exemplarily, the connectors of the frame 0142 and the middle plate 0141 can be connected by, but not limited to, spring clips, screws, welding, etc. The cover plate 0111, the rear cover 013, and the frame 0142 can be collectively referred to as the housing of the mobile terminal 010. It should be understood that "housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 0111, the rear cover 013, and the frame 0142, or to any combination of the cover plate 0111, the rear cover 013, and the frame 0142.

[0320] In some other embodiments of this application, the back cover 013 of the mobile terminal includes a back cover body and a frame. The frame is disposed on the side of the back cover body facing the display screen and surrounds the periphery of the back cover body. The back cover is connected to the cover plate 0111 of the display screen 011 through the frame to enclose and form an accommodating space for the mobile terminal. In this embodiment, the mobile terminal may also include a middle plate 0141, which is disposed within the accommodating space to support components such as the circuit board 012 and the battery.

[0321] In practical implementation, the back cover and frame can be a single integrated structure to improve the overall structural strength and sealing. The back cover can be made of conductive materials, such as metal; or it can be made of non-conductive materials, such as glass or plastic; or it can be made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0322] In both embodiments described above, the frame 0142 containing conductive material can be referred to as a conductive frame 0142 or a metal frame 0142, which is suitable for industrial design (ID). Exemplarily, the conductive material includes, but is not limited to, metal. For example, in one example, the outer surface of the frame 0142 is primarily made of a conductive material, such as a metal, thus forming the appearance of a metal frame 0142. The conductive portion of the outer surface of the frame 0142 can be used as an antenna radiator for a mobile terminal and is commonly referred to as a frame 0142 antenna.

[0323] Alternatively, in another example, the outer surface of the frame 0142 can also be a non-conductive material, such as plastic, to form the appearance of a non-metallic frame 0142, suitable for non-metallic IDs. In one implementation, the inner surface of the frame 0142 may include a conductive material, such as a metallic material. In this implementation, the inner surface of the frame 0142 can be used as an antenna radiator of the mobile terminal 010. Specifically, the radiator (or the conductive material of the inner surface) disposed on the inner surface of the frame 0142 can be disposed close to the non-conductive material of the frame 0142 to minimize the internal space occupied by the radiator in the mobile terminal 010 and to bring the radiator closer to the outside of the mobile terminal 010, thereby achieving better signal transmission performance. This antenna radiator can also be referred to as the frame 0142 antenna.

[0324] It should be noted that "the antenna radiator being attached to the non-conductive material of the frame 0142" means that the antenna radiator can be positioned flush against the inner surface of the non-conductive material of the frame 0142, for example, the antenna radiator can be positioned on one side of the frame 0142. Alternatively, the antenna radiator can be embedded within the non-conductive material; or it can be positioned close to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, for example, with a small gap between the antenna radiator and the inner surface of the non-conductive material. It should be understood that both the conductive material and the non-conductive material can be considered as part of the frame 0142.

[0325] In this embodiment, gaps may exist between the antenna radiator and other components of the mobile terminal to ensure a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator. For example, in an example where the frame 0142 is part of the middle frame 014, there are gaps between the antenna radiator and the rest of the frame 0142 and the middle plate 0141. In this case, the middle plate 0141 can serve as the reference ground of the mobile terminal, and the antenna radiator and circuit board 012 can be grounded by being electrically connected to the middle plate 0141. In an example where the frame 0142 is part of the back cover 013, there are gaps between the antenna radiator and the rest of the frame 0142 and the back cover 013 body. In this case, the back cover 013 body can serve as the reference ground of the mobile terminal, and the antenna radiator and circuit board 012 can be grounded by being electrically connected to the back cover 013 body.

[0326] In some embodiments, an aperture may be provided near the antenna radiator. In one example, the aperture may include an aperture disposed inside the mobile terminal 010, for example, an aperture not visible from the exterior surface of the mobile terminal 010. The internal aperture may be formed by any one or multiple of the mid-frame 014, battery, circuit board 012, back cover 013, display screen 011, and other internal conductive components; for example, the internal aperture may be formed by a structural component of the mid-frame 014. In one example, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the frame 0142. In one example, the slot / slit / opening on the frame 0142 may be a slit formed on the frame 0142, at which the frame 0142 is divided into two parts without a direct connection. In one example, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the back cover 013 or the display screen 011. In one example, the back cover 013 includes a conductive material, and the aperture provided in the conductive material can communicate with the opening or gap of the frame 0142 to form a continuous aperture on the surface of the mobile terminal 010.

[0327] In this embodiment, the surface of the mobile terminal 010 containing the display screen 011 can be considered as the front of the mobile terminal 010, the surface of the mobile terminal 010 containing the back cover 013 can be considered as the back of the mobile terminal, and the outer surface of the frame 0142 can be considered as the side of the mobile terminal. When the user holds the mobile terminal 010 (for example, when the user holds the mobile terminal 010 and unlocks it, or when the user holds the mobile terminal 010 vertically and faces the display screen 011), the mobile terminal 010 has a top, a bottom, and two sides located between the top and the bottom.

[0328] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the frame antenna in the mobile terminal 010, which is related to the technology. Figure 2 The orientation shown can be viewed as the front or the back of mobile terminal 010. Figure 2 In this configuration, the radiator of the frame antenna is located on one side of the frame 0142. The radiator includes a first stub 10 and a second stub 20. The end of the first stub 10 facing the second stub 20 is grounded, and the end of the first stub 10 away from the second stub 20 is an open end. The end of the second stub 20 facing the first stub 10 is grounded, and the end of the second stub 20 away from the first stub 10 is an open end. The first stub 10 includes a first feed point 12, which is located near the open end of the first stub 10. The second stub 20 includes a second feed point 22, which is located near the open end of the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is approximately 1 / 4λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the first stub 10. The electrical length of the second stub 20 is approximately 1 / 4λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the second stub 20.

[0329] Figure 3a for Figure 2 The S-parameter curves of the frame antenna shown are illustrated. Curve S11 represents the resonance generated by the first stub 10, curve S22 represents the resonance generated by the second stub 20, and S21 represents the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. Additionally, the left side of the figure shows the Smith chart of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. Figure 3a It can be seen that a strong coupling is generated between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. The resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first branch 10 is close to that of the resonance generated by the second branch 20. The isolation between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 is about 8dB.

[0330] Figure 3b for Figure 2 The efficiency curve of the frame antenna shown is illustrated, where the thick solid line represents the system efficiency of the first stub 10, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the first stub 10, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of the second stub 20, and the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the second stub 20. (Reference) Figure 3b Due to the strong coupling between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, the radiation efficiency of the two branches will be affected to some extent.

[0331] In summary, it can be seen that the performance of existing frame antennas is affected by the strong coupling between the two stubs, which in turn affects the communication quality of the mobile terminal. Therefore, this application provides a mobile terminal whose antenna can change the strong coupling between its two stubs to a weak coupling relationship, thereby improving the isolation between the two stubs and enhancing the communication performance of the mobile terminal. To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the mobile terminal provided in this application will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0332] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The orientations shown in the following figures can be viewed as either the front or the back of the mobile terminal, and this application makes no limitation in this regard.

[0333] refer to Figure 4As shown in this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a radiator disposed on the frame 0142 of the mobile terminal. The radiator may be formed from a conductive portion of the frame 0142, for example, as part of the conductive frame 0142 itself, or the radiator may be a conductive element disposed on a non-conductive frame 0142. The conductivity of the frame 0142 used to form the radiator is approximately 2e+07 Siemens per meter (S / m).

[0334] In some other embodiments, the mobile terminal 010 may also include a bracket, and the radiator of the antenna 100 may be disposed on the bracket. This form of the antenna 100 may also be called a bracket antenna. Alternatively, the radiator of the antenna 100 may also be disposed on the back cover. Specifically, the radiator may be formed from the conductive material of the back cover. Furthermore, the antenna 100 may also be an antenna based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), an antenna based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA), etc. This application does not limit the specific implementation of the radiator of the antenna 100. In specific implementations, it can be designed according to the actual structure of the mobile terminal 010. In the following embodiments and figures, the radiator is disposed on the frame 0142 as an example for illustration.

[0335] Continue to refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, both the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can be located on the same side border 0142 of the mobile terminal 010, such as the first border 02. In one implementation, the first border 02 can be the long border of the mobile terminal 010; in another implementation, the first border 02 can also be the short border of the mobile terminal 010. Figure 4 The diagram uses the first border 02 as an example of the long border.

[0336] In some embodiments, the first frame 02 includes a first segment 021, a second segment 022, and a third segment 023 arranged sequentially along the length of the mobile terminal 010. The first segment 021 is located near the top of the mobile terminal 010, the third segment 023 is located near the bottom of the mobile terminal 010, and the second segment 022 is located between the first segment 021 and the third segment 023, with the second segment 022 separated from both the first segment 021 and the third segment 023 by slots. In a specific implementation, the second segment 022 can serve as a radiator of the mobile terminal 010. The slots between the second segment 022 and the first segment 021 are filled with a dielectric material, and the slots between the second segment 022 and the third segment 023 are also filled with a dielectric material. The dielectric material can be, but is not limited to, an engineering plastic alloy (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) engineering plastic). The dielectric material has a dielectric constant of 3 and a loss tangent of 0.01.

[0337] For example, the length of the first border 02 is approximately 158 mm. The length of the second segment 022 is approximately 42.5 mm, the length of the first segment 021 is approximately 21 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 92 mm. Therefore, the distance between the radiator and the top of the mobile terminal 010 is not less than 21 mm, and the distance between the radiator and the bottom of the mobile terminal 010 is not less than 92 mm.

[0338] Additionally, a clearance D exists between the radiator and the ground (e.g., the middle plate 0141 or the back cover 013) in the mobile terminal 010. The clearance refers to the vertical distance between the radiator and the ground. The size of the clearance directly affects the signal transmission quality and coverage; generally, a larger clearance results in less signal obstruction and better transmission quality. For example, in this embodiment, the clearance D between the radiator and the ground is approximately 1 mm.

[0339] In some embodiments, the mobile terminal 010 further includes a second border 03, a third border 04, and a fourth border 05, wherein the third border 04 is disposed opposite to the first border 02, and the second border 03 is disposed opposite to the fourth border 05. The first border 02, the second border 03, the third border 04, and the fourth border 05 are connected end to end in sequence. The third border 04 and the first border 02 are both long borders 0142, and the length of the third border 04 is approximately 158mm. The second border 03 and the fourth border 05 are both short borders 0142, and the length of the second border 03 and the fourth border 05 is approximately 78mm.

[0340] Continue to refer to Figure 4The radiator of the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10 and a second stub 20. The first stub 10 includes a first end facing the second stub 20 and a second end facing away from the second stub 20, and the first end a of the first stub 10 includes a first grounding point 11; the second stub 20 includes a first end facing the first stub 10 and a second end facing away from the first stub 10, and the first end c of the second stub 20 is provided with a second grounding point 21. In one implementation, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is approximately 1 / 4λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first stub 10; the electrical length of the second stub 20 is approximately 1 / 4λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the second stub 20.

[0341] In one implementation, the first end a of the first branch 10 is connected to the first end c of the second branch 20. The first grounding point 11 of the first branch 10 and the grounding point of the second branch 20 can be spaced apart. For example, the distance between the first grounding point 11 of the first branch 10 and the second grounding point 21 of the second branch 20 is approximately 8 mm, the distance between the first grounding point 11 of the first branch 10 and its second end b is approximately 17.5 mm, and the distance between the second grounding point 21 of the second branch 20 and its second end d is approximately 17 mm.

[0342] The first branch 10 also includes a first feed point 12. In one implementation, the first feed point 12 is located between the first ground point 11 and the second end d of the second branch 20. For example, the first feed point 12 may be located close to the second end b of the first branch 10. The second branch 20 also includes a second feed point 22. In one implementation, the second feed point 22 is located between the second ground point 21 and the second end d of the second branch 20. For example, the second feed point 22 may be located close to the second end d of the second branch 20.

[0343] In some embodiments, the antenna 100 may further include a first impedance matching circuit 30a connected to the first feed point 12. The antenna 100 may also include a second impedance matching circuit 30b connected to the second feed point 22. Both the first impedance matching circuit 30a and the second impedance matching circuit 30b may include capacitors, inductors, and resistors. The first impedance matching circuit 30a can be used to perform impedance matching on the first stub 10, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency generated by the first stub 10; the second impedance matching circuit 30b can be used to perform impedance matching on the second stub 20, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency generated by the second stub 20.

[0344] In this embodiment, the mobile terminal further includes a first tuning circuit 40, which includes a first switch 41, a first branch 42, and a second branch 43. The first switch 41 is disposed at the second terminal b of the first branch 10. The first switch 41 can be used to control the second terminal b of the first branch 10 to be coupled to ground through the first branch 42 or the second branch 43. The first branch 42 includes a first capacitor C1, and the second branch 43 includes a first inductor L1. In a specific implementation, one end of the first branch 42 is used to connect to the second terminal b of the first branch 10 through the first switch 41, and the other end of the first branch 42 is grounded. Similarly, one end of the second branch 43 is used to connect to the second terminal b of the first branch 10 through the first switch 41, and the other end of the second branch 43 is grounded.

[0345] In one embodiment, the first switch 41 may be a multi-position single-pole switch. Exemplarily, the moving contact of the first switch 41 includes a first operating position and a second operating position. The moving contact of the first switch 41 can be used to connect the second end b of the first branch 10 to the first branch 42 in its first operating position, and to connect the second end b of the first branch 10 to the second branch 43 in its second operating position.

[0346] When the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, that is, when the first capacitor C1 is applied to the second end b of the first stub 10, the electrical length of the first stub 10 can be increased. When the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, that is, when the first inductor L1 is applied to the second end b of the first stub 10, the electrical length of the first stub 10 can be decreased. In other words, by controlling the first switch 41 to apply the first capacitor C1 or the first inductor L1 to the second end b of the first stub 10, the electrical length of the first stub 10 can be changed, thereby creating a difference between the electrical length of the first stub 10 and the electrical length of the second stub 20. In this way, the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first stub 10 and the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the second stub 20 can be frequency-matched, improving the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20, thereby helping to improve the performance of the antenna 100 and thus improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal 010.

[0347] As can be seen from the above description, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 and the inductance value of the first inductor L1 both affect the electrical length of the first stub 10. Therefore, by reasonably designing the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 and the inductance value of the first inductor L1, the first stub 10 can obtain the required electrical length, which plays an important role in improving the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. In this embodiment, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 can be greater than or equal to 0.5pF and less than or equal to 1pF. For example, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 can be 0.5pF, 0.7pF, 0.8pF, 1pF, etc. The inductance value of the first inductor L1 can be greater than or equal to 10nH and less than or equal to 20nH. For example, the inductance value of the first inductor L1 can be 10nH, 12nH, 15nH, 16nH, 20nH, etc.

[0348] In some embodiments, the first tuning circuit 40 further includes a third branch 44, which is disconnected from ground. The first switch 41 can also be used to control the connection between the second end b of the first branch 10 and the third branch 44. That is, the second end b of the first branch 10 is not connected to other electrical components, and in this case, the electrical length of the first branch 10 remains essentially unchanged. In one implementation, the moving contact of the first switch 41 further includes a third operating position, in which the moving contact of the first switch 41 itself forms the third branch 44.

[0349] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the mobile terminal further includes a second tuning circuit 50, which includes a second switch 51, a fourth branch 52, and a fifth branch 53. The second switch 51 is disposed at the second terminal d of the second branch 20. The second switch 51 can be used to control the second terminal d of the second branch 20 to be coupled to ground through the fourth branch 52 or the fifth branch 53. The fourth branch 52 includes a second capacitor C2, and the fifth branch 53 includes a second inductor L2. In a specific implementation, one end of the fourth branch 52 is used to connect to the second terminal d of the second branch 20 through the second switch 51, and the other end of the fourth branch 52 is grounded. Similarly, one end of the fifth branch 53 is used to connect to the second terminal d of the second branch 20 through the second switch 51, and the other end of the fifth branch 53 is grounded.

[0350] Similar to the first switch 41, the second switch 51 can also be a multi-position single-pole switch. For example, the moving contact of the second switch 51 includes a first operating position and a second operating position. The moving contact of the second switch 51 is used to connect the second end d of the second branch 20 to the fourth branch 52 in its first operating position, and the second switch 51 is used to connect the second end d of the second branch 20 to the fifth branch 53 in its second operating position.

[0351] When the second switch 51 controls the second terminal d of the second branch 20 to be connected to the fourth branch 52, that is, when the second capacitor C2 is applied to the second terminal d of the second branch 20, the electrical length of the second branch 20 can be increased. When the second switch 51 controls the second terminal d of the second branch 20 to be connected to the fifth branch 53, that is, when the second inductor L2 is applied to the second terminal d of the second branch 20, the electrical length of the second branch 20 can be decreased. In other words, by controlling the second terminal d of the second branch 20 to apply the second capacitor C2 or the second inductor L2, the electrical length of the second branch 20 can be changed. Combined with the control of the first branch 10 by the first switch 41, the difference between the electrical length of the first branch 10 and the electrical length of the second branch 20 can be further increased, thereby improving the isolation between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20.

[0352] It is easy to understand that when the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the first branch 42 and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fifth branch 53, or when the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the second branch 43 and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, the difference between the electrical length of the first branch 10 and the electrical length of the second branch 20 is the greatest.

[0353] For example, when the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the first branch 42 and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fifth branch 53, the first branch 10 generates a first resonance and the second branch 20 generates a second resonance. The resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance satisfy: |f1-f2|≤0.3Fb, where Fb is the center frequency of the antenna 100. By limiting the difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the resonant frequency of the second resonance within the above range, the isolation between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can be effectively improved, and the signal transmission quality of the antenna 100 in its operating frequency band can be guaranteed.

[0354] When the first switch 41 controls the second terminal b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, and the second switch 51 controls the second terminal d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, the first stub 10 generates a third resonance, and the second stub 20 generates a fourth resonance. The resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy the following condition: |f3-f4| ≤ 0.3Fb. By limiting the difference between the resonant frequencies of the third and fourth resonances within the above range, the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can be effectively improved, and the signal transmission quality of the antenna 100 within its operating frequency band can be guaranteed.

[0355] In this embodiment, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 can be greater than or equal to 0.1pF and less than or equal to 1pF. For example, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 can be 0.1pF, 0.3pF, 0.5pF, 0.6pF, 0.9pF, 1pF, etc. The inductance value of the second inductor L2 can be greater than or equal to 10nH and less than or equal to 30nH. For example, the inductance value of the second inductor L2 can be 10nH, 15nH, 20nH, 22nH, 30nH, etc.

[0356] In some embodiments, the second tuning circuit 50 further includes a sixth branch 54, which is disconnected from ground. The second switch 51 can also be used to control the connection between the second end d of the second branch 20 and the sixth branch 54. That is, the second end d of the second branch 20 is not connected to other electrical components, and in this case, the electrical length of the second branch 20 remains essentially unchanged. In one implementation, the moving contact of the second switch 51 further includes a third operating position, in which the moving contact of the second switch 51 itself forms the third branch 44.

[0357] After understanding the basic structure of the antenna 100 of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application, the following comparison of the S-parameters and efficiency of the antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application with that of the frame antenna 100 in related technologies will be used to illustrate the communication performance of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application. In some embodiments of this application, the S-parameters and efficiency of the antenna 100 can be measured using professional testing instruments such as network analysis equipment.

[0358] First, refer to the diagram. Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in one operating state. In this mode, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, that is, a first inductor L1 is applied to the second end b of the first stub 10, thus increasing the electrical length of the first stub 10. For example, the inductance value of the second inductor L2 is approximately 15nH. The second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54. Since there are no capacitors or inductors in the sixth branch 54, the electrical length of the second stub 20 remains essentially unchanged.

[0359] Figure 6a for Figure 5 The diagram shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. Curve S11 represents the resonance generated by the first stub 10, curve S22 represents the resonance generated by the second stub 20, and S21 represents the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. Additionally, the left side of the diagram shows the Smith chart of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. Combined with... Figure 6a and Figure 3a It can be seen that, compared to Figure 2 In the frame antenna shown in this embodiment, by loading a first inductor L1 at the second end b of the first stub 10, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than the electrical length of the second stub 20. The resonance generated by the first stub 10 is pulled up, so the resonance generated by the first stub 10 and the resonance generated by the second stub 20 achieve frequency misalignment. The isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is increased from 8dB to 11dB, and the two change from a strong coupling relationship to a weak coupling relationship.

[0360] Figure 6b for Figure 5 The efficiency curve of antenna 100 shown is illustrated, where the thick solid line represents the system efficiency of the first stub 10, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the first stub 10, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of the second stub 20, and the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the second stub 20. (Combined with...) Figure 6b and Figure 3b As shown, compared to Figure 2 In the frame 0142 antenna 100 shown in this application embodiment, the radiation efficiency of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 has also been significantly improved.

[0361] In the case of a weakly coupled structure where the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can achieve frequency misalignment design, the radiation pattern reconstruction characteristics of antenna 100 under other feeding methods are illustrated by example.

[0362] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal 010 provided in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 are disposed on the first frame 02 of the mobile terminal 010. The first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can be formed by the second segment 022 of the first frame 02. The mobile terminal also includes a power supply line 60, which includes a power supply point 61, a first connection end, and a second connection end. The first connection end is connected to the first branch 10, and the second connection end is connected to the second branch 20. This power supply method is called distributed power supply. Specifically, the first connection end can be connected between the first grounding point 11 and the second end b of the first branch 10, and the second connection end can be connected between the second grounding point 21 and the second end d of the second branch 20.

[0363] For example, the length of the first frame 02 is approximately 158 mm. The length of the first segment 021 is approximately 26 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 35.5 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 94 mm. The distance between the first grounding point 11 of the first branch 10 and the second grounding point 21 of the second branch 20 is approximately 5 mm, the distance between the first grounding point 11 of the first branch 10 and its second end is approximately 15.5 mm, and the distance between the second grounding point 21 of the second branch 20 and its second end is approximately 15 mm.

[0364] In one implementation, the feeder line 60 includes a bracket and wiring disposed on the bracket. The feeder line 60 is disposed inside the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, with a portion of the feeder line 60 opposite to the first branch 10 and another portion opposite to the second branch 20. Along its extension direction, the feeder line 60 has a length of approximately 10 mm; along its arrangement direction with the first branch 10 or the second branch 20, the feeder line 60 has a width of approximately 1.2 mm; and along the thickness direction of the mobile terminal, the feeder line 60 has a height of approximately 1.8 mm.

[0365] In this embodiment, the mobile terminal 010 further includes an impedance matching circuit 30, which is connected to the feed point 61. The impedance matching circuit 30 may include capacitors, inductors, and resistors. The impedance matching circuit can be used to perform impedance matching on the first stub 10 and the second stub 20, thereby adjusting the resonant frequencies generated by the first stub 10 and the second stub 20.

[0366] Please refer to the above. Figure 8a and Figure 8b As shown, Figure 8a for Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 8b for Figure 7 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its second operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fifth branch 53, i.e., a second inductor L2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. For example, the capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are both 0.3pF, and the inductance values ​​of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are both 22nH.

[0367] Figure 9a for Figure 7 The diagram shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. The solid line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state, and the dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state. Antenna 100 can cover essentially the same frequency band (e.g., a band around 2.1 GHz) in both the first and second operating states. Additionally, the left side of the diagram shows the Smith chart of the antenna, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the antenna in the two operating states.

[0368] Figure 9b for Figure 7 The diagram shows the efficiency curves of antenna 100. The thick solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state. Since the resonant modes of antenna 100 in the weakly coupled structure are mainly generated by 1 / 4 wavelength stubs and do not form a concordia mode characteristic, the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 is essentially the same in both operating states.

[0369] Figure 10a for Figure 7 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 10b Figure 10a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 11a for Figure 7 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 11b for Figure 11a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 12a for Figure 7 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 12b for Figure 12a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Please refer to it as well. Figures 10a to 12b It can be seen that in the first operating state of antenna 100, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the current intensity of the second stub 20 is greater than that of the first stub 10. The resonance (2.1GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The first stub 10 can form a certain guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. Therefore, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.1GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0370] Figure 13a for Figure 7The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 13b Figure 13a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 14a for Figure 7 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 14b for Figure 14a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 15a for Figure 7 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 15b for Figure 15a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Please refer to it as well. Figures 13a to 15b It can be seen that in the second operating state of antenna 100, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the current intensity of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20. The resonance (2.1GHz) is mainly generated by the first stub 10. The second stub 20 can form a certain guiding effect on the first stub 10 in the radiation pattern. Therefore, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.1GHz mainly radiates downwards.

[0371] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 16 As shown, the antenna 100 provided in this embodiment can adopt the same distributed feeding method as in the previous embodiments. The difference is that in this embodiment, the first grounding point 11 and the second grounding point 21 can be the same grounding point, and the first grounding point 11 and the second grounding point 21 are located at the connection point of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. The antenna 100 in this embodiment can also achieve coverage of two resonant modes in the same frequency band, so that the antenna 100 can achieve upward or downward radiation effects in two working states. The specific details are not illustrated here.

[0372] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 17As shown, in this embodiment, the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are disposed on the first frame 02 of the mobile terminal, and the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can be formed by the second segment 022 of the first frame 02. The antenna 100 in this embodiment also adopts distributed feeding. The connection point of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can be used as a shared feed point for the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. This feeding method is relatively simple and helps to simplify the structure of the antenna 100. For example, the connection point of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is located at the center point of the second segment 022, thereby forming a symmetrical feeding structure and reducing the difficulty of impedance matching. In addition, the connection point of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can also be grounded through an inductive structure. The inductive structure can be an inductor or a distributed inductor, and the inductance value of the inductive structure is approximately 0.5nH.

[0373] For example, the length of the first border 02 is approximately 158 mm. Among them, the length of the first segment 021 is approximately 32 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 23 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 100 mm.

[0374] In this embodiment, the mobile terminal 010 further includes an impedance matching circuit 30, which is connected to the connection point of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. The impedance matching circuit 30 may include capacitors, inductors, and resistors. The impedance matching circuit 30 can be used to perform impedance matching on the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, thereby adjusting the resonant frequencies generated by the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. The impedance matching circuit 30 can be connected in parallel with the aforementioned inductive structure.

[0375] Please refer to the above. Figure 18a and Figure 18b As shown, Figure 18a for Figure 17 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 18b for Figure 17The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its second operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fifth branch 53, i.e., a second inductor L2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. For example, the capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are both 0.3 pF, and the inductance values ​​of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are both 10 nH.

[0376] Figure 19a for Figure 17 The diagram shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. The solid line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state, and the dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state. Antenna 100 can cover essentially the same frequency band (e.g., a band around 2.1 GHz) in both the first and second operating states. Additionally, the left side of the diagram shows the Smith chart of the antenna, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the antenna in the two operating states.

[0377] Figure 19b for Figure 17 The diagram shows the efficiency curves of antenna 100. The thick solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state. It can be seen that the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 is basically the same in both operating states.

[0378] Figure 20a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 20b Figure 20a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 21a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 21b for Figure 21a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 22a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 22bfor Figure 22a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Please refer to it as well. Figures 20a to 22b It can be seen that in the first operating state of antenna 100, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20. The 2.1GHz resonance is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The first stub 10 can have a certain guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. Therefore, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.1GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0379] Figure 23a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 23b Figure 23a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 24a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 24b for Figure 24a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 25a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 25b for Figure 25a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Please refer to it as well. Figures 23a to 25b It can be seen that in the second operating state, the electrical length of the first stub 10 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the second stub 20. The 2.1GHz resonance is mainly generated by the first stub 10. The second stub 20 can have a certain guiding effect on the first stub 10 in the radiation pattern. Therefore, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.1GHz mainly radiates downwards.

[0380] Figure 26a for Figure 7 The gain pattern of the antenna 100 shown is... Figure 26b for Figure 16 The gain pattern of the antenna 100 shown is... Figure 26c for Figure 17 The gain pattern of antenna 100 shown is illustrated. Wherein, in Figure 26a In the example where the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 are grounded through different grounding points, the isolation between the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 is the best; Figure 26b In the example where the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are grounded through the same grounding point, the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is moderate; in the example in 26c where the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are grounded through an inductive structure, the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is the lowest. By switching between the two operating states of antenna 100, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 can be reconstructed, combined with... Figure 26a, Figure 26b , Figure 26c It can be seen that when the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is the best, the gain envelope of antenna 100 is optimal; when the isolation between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 is the lowest, the local gain decreases, which further illustrates that the pattern reconstruction effect of the weakly coupled structure is strongly correlated with the isolation between the two stubs.

[0381] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 27 As shown, in this embodiment, the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 are disposed on the first frame 02 of the mobile terminal. The first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can be formed by the second segment 022 of the first frame 02. The mobile terminal also includes a power supply line 60, which includes a power supply point 61. The power supply line 60 is located on one side of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. Specifically, the power supply line 60 can be located inside the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. The power supply line 60 can be in the form of a closed slot with both ends grounded. A portion of the power supply line 60 is disposed opposite to the first branch 10, and the other portion of the power supply line 60 is disposed opposite to the second branch 20. A first gap 62 is formed between the power supply line 60 and the first branch 10, and a second gap 63 is formed between the power supply line 60 and the second branch 20. The power supply line 60 can supply power to the first stub 10 through the first gap 62 and to the second stub 20 through the second gap 63. This power supply method is called coupled power supply.

[0382] For example, the length of the first frame 02 is approximately 158 mm. The length of the first segment 021 is approximately 21 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 42.5 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 92 mm. The distance between the first grounding point of the first branch 10 and the second grounding point of the second branch 20 is approximately 8 mm, the distance between the first grounding point of the first branch 10 and its second end is approximately 17.5 mm, and the distance between the second grounding point of the second branch 20 and its second end is approximately 17 mm.

[0383] In one implementation, the feeder line 60 includes a bracket and wiring disposed on the bracket. Along its extension direction, the feeder line 60 has a length of approximately 28 mm; along its arrangement direction with the first branch 10 or the second branch 20, the feeder line 60 has a width of approximately 1.2 mm; and along the thickness direction of the mobile terminal, the feeder line 60 has a height of approximately 1.8 mm. The coupling gap between the feeder line 60 and the first branch 10 (i.e., the width of the first gap 62) is approximately 1.5 mm, and the coupling gap between the feeder line 60 and the second branch 20 (i.e., the width of the first gap 63) is approximately 1.5 mm.

[0384] Additionally, both ends of the feeder line 60 can be coupled to ground via inductive structures to reduce the length of the feeder line 60. For example, the inductance value of the inductive structure can be approximately 1.5 nH.

[0385] exist Figure 27 In the coupled feeding method shown, antenna 100 can achieve four operating states. (Reference) Figure 28a and Figure 28b As shown, Figure 28a for Figure 27 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 28b for Figure 27 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its second operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is applied to the second end b of the first stub 10, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is applied to the second end b of the first stub 10, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54. For example, the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 is approximately 0.5 pF, and the inductance of the first inductor L1 is approximately 15 nH.

[0386] refer to Figure 28c and Figure 28d As shown, Figure 28c for Figure 27 The diagram shown illustrates the structure of the antenna 100 in its third operating state. Figure 28d for Figure 27 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its fourth operating state. In the third operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is applied to the second end d of the second branch 20. In the fourth operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fifth branch 53, i.e., a second inductor L2 is applied to the second end d of the second branch 20. For example, the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 is approximately 0.5 pF, and the inductance of the first inductor L1 is approximately 15 nH.

[0387] Figure 29a for Figure 27The figure shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. The solid line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state, the single-dotted-dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the third operating state, and the double-dotted-dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the fourth operating state. Antenna 100 can cover essentially the same frequency band (e.g., a band around 2.15 GHz) in all four operating states. Additionally, the left side of the figure shows the Smith chart of the antenna, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the antenna in the four operating states.

[0388] Figure 29b for Figure 27 The efficiency curve of antenna 100 shown is illustrated in the diagram. The thick solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state; the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state; the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state; the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state; the thick single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the third operating state; the thick double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the third operating state; the thin single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in the fourth operating state; and the thin double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in the fourth operating state. It can be seen that the resonant efficiency of antenna 100 in the 2.15 GHz resonant mode is relatively consistent across the four operating states.

[0389] Figure 30a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 30b Figure 30a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 31a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 31b for Figure 31a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 32a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 32b for Figure 32a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 33a Figure 27 The color illustration shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 33b for Figure 33a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0390] Figure 34a for Figure 27The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 34b Figure 34a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 35a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 35b for Figure 35a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 36a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 36b for Figure 36a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 37a Figure 27 The color illustration shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 37b for Figure 37a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0391] Combination Figures 30a to 37b As shown, in both the first and second operating states of antenna 100, the current intensity of the second stub 20 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the resonance (2.15 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. Specifically, in the first operating state, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, causing the first stub 10 to reflect the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern, and the current intensity below the circuit board 012 is enhanced. In this state, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz mainly radiates downwards. In the second operating state, the electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, causing the first stub 10 to guide the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern, and the current intensity above the circuit board 012 is enhanced. In this state, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0392] To further illustrate the impact of mutual attraction or reflection between two weakly coupled stubs on the performance of antenna 100, please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 38a to 39b As shown, Figure 38a Color illustration of the radiation pattern of 100 antennas, including the second stub 20. Figure 38b for Figure 38a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Figure 39a A color illustration illustrating the current distribution on the ground plane when there are 100 antennas, including the second stub 20. Figure 39b for Figure 39aThe grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown is shown. It can be seen that the directivity coefficient of the antenna 100 decreases when there is no first stub 10 directing or reflecting the second stub 20. This proves that the directivity of the antenna 100 can be improved in this embodiment through the mutual directing or reflecting effect of the two weakly coupled stubs.

[0393] Figure 40a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the third operating state. Figure 40b Figure 40a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 41a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the third operating state. Figure 41b for Figure 41a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 42a for Figure 27 The color image shows the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its third operating state. Figure 42b for Figure 42a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 43a Figure 27 The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 43b for Figure 43a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0394] Figure 44a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the fourth operating state. Figure 44b Figure 44a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 45a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the fourth operating state. Figure 45b for Figure 45a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 46a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its fourth operating state. Figure 46b for Figure 46a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 47a Figure 27 The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the fourth operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 47b for Figure 47a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0395] Combination Figures 40a to 47b As shown, in the third and fourth operating states of antenna 100, the current intensity of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the resonance (2.15GHz) is mainly generated by the first stub 10. Specifically, in the third operating state, the electrical length of the second stub 20 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the second stub 20 reflects the radiation pattern of the first stub 10, increasing the current intensity above the circuit board 012. In this state, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.15GHz mainly radiates upwards. In the fourth operating state, the electrical length of the second stub 20 is less than that of the first stub 10, and the second stub 20 directs the radiation pattern of the first stub 10, increasing the current intensity below the circuit board 012. In this state, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 near 2.15GHz mainly radiates downwards.

[0396] To further illustrate the impact of mutual attraction or reflection between two weakly coupled stubs on the performance of antenna 100, please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 48a to 49b As shown, Figure 48a Color diagram of the radiation pattern of 100 antennas, including the first stub 10. Figure 48b for Figure 48a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown. Figure 49a A color illustration of the current distribution on the ground plane when there are 100 antennas, including the first stub 10. Figure 49b for Figure 49a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown is shown. It can be seen that the directivity coefficient of the antenna 100 decreases when the second branch 20 does not guide the first branch 10, proving that the directivity of the antenna 100 can be improved through the mutual guiding effect of the two weakly coupled branches in this embodiment.

[0397] Figure 50 for Figure 27 The diagram shows the gain patterns of antenna 100 in four operating states. The solid line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the second operating state, the single-dotted-dashed line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the third operating state, and the double-dotted-dashed line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the fourth operating state. It can be seen that in the pattern reconstruction achieved by switching the four operating states of antenna 100, the gain envelope is smooth, and the 0-2dBi gain covers a beamwidth close to 270°.

[0398] Next, for Figure 27 The performance of the hand model and head model of the antenna 100 shown in the second working state was simulated and analyzed.

[0399] refer to Figure 51a and Figure 51b As shown, Figure 51a This is a diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal when held in the right hand. Figure 51b This is a diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal held in the left hand.

[0400] Figure 52 The diagram shows the hand-shaped performance curves of antenna 100 in its second operating state. The thick solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 in free space, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 in free space, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand, the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand, the single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand, and the double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand. It can be seen that in the second operating state, based on the guiding effect of the first stub 10 on the second stub 20, the upward radiation intensity of antenna 100 increases, the hand-shaped radiation decreases, and the efficiency improves.

[0401] Figure 53a This is a color image showing the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand. Figure 53b For the Figure 53a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 54a This is a color image showing the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand. Figure 54b for Figure 54a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 53a to 54b When the mobile terminal is held in the right hand, the maximum gain of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz is 1.1 dBi; when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand, the maximum gain of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz is 1.7 dBi.

[0402] refer to Figure 55a and Figure 55b As shown, Figure 55a This diagram illustrates the usage state of a mobile terminal when held in the right hand and with the right head close to it. Figure 55b This is a diagram illustrating the usage state of a mobile terminal with the left hand holding it and the left side of the head close to it.

[0403] Figure 56The diagram shows the head-mode performance curves of antenna 100 in the second operating state. The thick solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is in free space, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is in free space, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held with the right hand and the right head is close to it, the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held with the right hand and the right head is close to it, the thick single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held with the left hand and the left head is close to it, and the double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 when the mobile terminal is held with the left hand and the left head is close to it.

[0404] Figure 57a Color image showing the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the right hand and close to the right side of the head. Figure 57b For the Figure 57a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 58a Color image showing the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its second operating state when the mobile terminal is held in the left hand and the left side of the head is close to the device. Figure 58b for Figure 58a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 57a to 58b When the mobile terminal is held in the right hand and the right head is close to the device, the maximum gain of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz is -2.1 dBi. When the mobile terminal is held in the left hand and the left head is close to the device, the maximum gain of antenna 100 near 2.15 GHz is -0.4 dBi.

[0405] To further illustrate the impact of the two weakly coupled stubs on the performance of antenna 100, the following were performed: Figure 27 The antenna 100 shown was subjected to head-specific absorption rate (SAR) tests in two cases: the second operating state and the antenna 100 including only the second stub 20. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the first mode represents... Figure 27 The antenna 100 shown is in its second operating state, where the second mode indicates that the antenna 100 only includes the second branch 20. It can be seen that, when the mobile terminal is positioned close to the left side of the device, compared to the case where the antenna 100 only includes the second branch 20, the head SAR value of the antenna 100 in this embodiment decreases by approximately 1.5 dB, providing feasibility for the mobile terminal to be used in satellite ear-to-ear calling scenarios.

[0406] Table 1

[0407]

[0408] Figure 59This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 59 As shown, in this embodiment, the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are disposed on the first frame 02 of the mobile terminal. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can be formed by the second segment 022 of the first frame 02. The mobile terminal also includes a feed line 60, which includes a feed point 61. The feed line 60 is located on one side of the first stub 10 and the second stub 20; specifically, the feed line 60 can be located inside the first stub 10 and the second stub 20. Both ends of the feed line 60 are open, so the feed line 60 can be regarded as a wire antenna. A portion of the feed line 60 is disposed opposite to the first stub 10, and the other portion of the feed line 60 is disposed opposite to the second stub 20. A first gap 62 exists between the feed line 60 and the first stub 10, and a second gap 63 exists between the feed line 60 and the second stub 20. The power supply line 60 can supply power to the first stub 10 through the first gap 62 and to the second stub 20 through the second gap 63.

[0409] For example, the length of the first frame 02 is approximately 158 mm. The length of the first segment 021 is approximately 21 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 40.5 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 93 mm. The distance between the first grounding point of the first branch 10 and the second grounding point of the second branch 20 is approximately 6 mm, the distance between the first grounding point of the first branch 10 and its second end is approximately 17.5 mm, and the distance between the second grounding point of the second branch 20 and its second end is approximately 17 mm.

[0410] In one implementation, the feeder line 60 includes a bracket and wiring disposed on the bracket. Along its extension direction, the feeder line 60 has a length of approximately 24 mm; along its arrangement direction with the first branch 10 or the second branch 20, the feeder line 60 has a width of approximately 1.2 mm; and along the thickness direction of the mobile terminal, the feeder line 60 has a height of approximately 1.8 mm. The coupling gap between the feeder line 60 and the first branch 10 (i.e., the width of the first gap 62) is approximately 1.2 mm, and the coupling gap between the feeder line 60 and the second branch 20 (i.e., the width of the first gap 63) is approximately 1.2 mm.

[0411] Additionally, the two open terminals of the feed line 60 can each be fitted with a capacitive device. For example, the capacitance value of the capacitive device can be approximately 0.5pF.

[0412] Please refer to the above. Figure 60a , Figure 60b and Figure 60c As shown, Figure 60a for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 60b for Figure 59 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 60c for Figure 59 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its third operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. In the third operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54.

[0413] Figure 61a Figure 59 The figure shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. The solid line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the dotted-dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the third operating state. Antenna 100 covers substantially the same frequency band (e.g., a band around 2.2 GHz) in the first, second, and third operating states. Additionally, the left side of the figure shows the Smith chart of the antenna, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the antenna in the three operating states.

[0414] Figure 61b for Figure 59 The efficiency curve of the antenna 100 shown is as follows: the thick solid line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the second operating state, the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the second operating state, the single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the third operating state, and the double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the third operating state.

[0415] Figure 62a Figure 59 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 62b for Figure 62a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 63a This is a color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna 100 shown in Figure 59 in its first operating state. Figure 63b for Figure 63aThe grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 64a for Figure 59 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 64b for Figure 64a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 65a for Figure 59 The color illustration shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 65b for Figure 65a The grayscale image corresponding to the current distribution diagram of the circuit board shown.

[0416] Figure 66a Figure 59 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 66b for Figure 66a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 67a This is a color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna 100 shown in Figure 59 in its second operating state. Figure 67b for Figure 67a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 68a for Figure 59 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 68b for Figure 68a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 69a for Figure 59 The color diagram shows a schematic representation of the current distribution on the circuit board of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 69b for Figure 69a The grayscale image corresponding to the current distribution diagram of the circuit board shown.

[0417] Figure 70a Figure 59 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the third operating state. Figure 70b for Figure 70a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 71a The image shown in color is a schematic diagram of the current intensity of the antenna 100 shown in Figure 59 in the third operating state. Figure 71b for Figure 71a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 72a for Figure 59 The color image shows the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its third operating state. Figure 72b for Figure 72a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 73a for Figure 59The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 73b for Figure 73a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0418] Combination Figures 62a to 73b As shown, in the first operating state, the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 have equal electrical lengths and are strongly coupled. In the second operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the resonance (2.2GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. The current at the bottom of the ground plane is weaker in this state. In the third operating state, the current intensity of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the resonance (2.2GHz) is mainly generated by the first stub 10. The electrical length of the second stub 20 is less than that of the first stub 10, and the second stub 20 has a guiding effect on the first stub 10 in the radiation pattern. The current intensity at the bottom of the ground is stronger. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in the vicinity of 2.2GHz is mainly downward.

[0419] Figure 74 for Figure 59 The diagram shows the gain patterns of antenna 100 in three operating states. The solid line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the dotted-dash line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the third operating state. It can be seen that compared to the strong coupling between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 in the first operating state, the upper gain of antenna 100 is increased in the second operating state, and the lower gain of antenna 100 is increased in the third operating state.

[0420] Figure 75 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 75 As shown, this embodiment uses a tablet computer as an example for explanation. The mobile terminal includes a first border 02, a second border 03, a third border 04, and a fourth border 05 connected end-to-end. The first border 02 and the third border 04 are opposite each other, and the second border 03 and the fourth border 05 are opposite each other. The first border 02 and the third border 04 are both long borders. For example, the first border 02 is located at the top of the mobile terminal, and the third border 04 is located at the bottom of the mobile terminal. The second border 03 and the fourth border 05 are both short borders. For example, the second border 03 is located on the left side of the mobile terminal, and the fourth border 05 is located on the right side of the mobile terminal.

[0421] The extension direction of the first border 02 is defined as the width direction of the mobile terminal. The first border 02 includes a first segment 021, a second segment 022, and a third segment 023 arranged sequentially along the width direction of the mobile terminal. The first segment 021 is located near the left side of the mobile terminal, and the third segment 023 is located near the right side of the mobile terminal. In a specific implementation, the second segment 022 can serve as a radiator of the mobile terminal. The gap between the second segment 022 and the first segment 021 is filled with a dielectric material, and the gap between the second segment 022 and the third segment 023 is also filled with a dielectric material.

[0422] For example, the length of the first border 02 is approximately 235 mm. Among them, the length of the first segment 021 is approximately 172 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 43 mm, and the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 20 mm.

[0423] In this embodiment, the feed line 60 of the antenna 100 can be adopted with... Figure 59 The antenna 100 in the illustrated embodiment has a substantially the same structure. The feed line 60 is a wire antenna with open ends, which may include a support and wiring disposed on the support. Along the extension direction of the feed line 60, the length of the feed line 60 is approximately 29 mm; along the arrangement direction of the feed line 60 with the first stub 10 or the second stub 20, the width of the feed line 60 is approximately 1 mm; along the thickness direction of the mobile terminal, the height of the feed line 60 is approximately 1 mm. The coupling distance between the feed line 60 and the first stub 10 (i.e., the width of the first slot 62) is approximately 1 mm, and the coupling distance between the feed line 60 and the second stub 20 (i.e., the width of the first slot 63) is approximately 1 mm.

[0424] Additionally, the two open terminals of the feed line 60 can each be fitted with a capacitive device. For example, the capacitance value of the capacitive device can be approximately 0.3pF.

[0425] Please refer to the above. Figure 76a , Figure 76b and Figure 76c As shown, Figure 76a for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 76b for Figure 75 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 76c for Figure 75The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its third operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the third branch 44, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second stub 20. In the third operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first stub 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is loaded at the second end b of the first stub 10, and the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second stub 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54.

[0426] Figure 77a Figure 75 The figure shows the S-parameter curves of antenna 100. The solid line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the dotted-dashed line represents the S11 curve of antenna 100 in the third operating state. Antenna 100 covers substantially the same frequency band (e.g., a band around 2.1 GHz) in the first, second, and third operating states. Additionally, the left side of the figure shows the Smith chart of the antenna, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the antenna in the three operating states.

[0427] Figure 77b for Figure 75 The efficiency curve of the antenna 100 shown is as follows: the thick solid line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thick dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the first operating state, the thin solid line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the second operating state, the thin dashed line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the second operating state, the single-dotted line represents the system efficiency of the antenna 100 in the third operating state, and the double-dotted line represents the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 in the third operating state.

[0428] Figure 78a Figure 75 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 78b for Figure 78a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 79a A color diagram illustrating the current intensity of the antenna 100 shown in Figure 75 in its first operating state. Figure 79b for Figure 79a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 80a for Figure 75 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 80b for Figure 80a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 81a for Figure 75 The color illustration shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the first operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 81b for Figure 81a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0429] Figure 82a Figure 75 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 82b for Figure 82a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 83a This is a color illustration of the current intensity of the antenna 100 shown in Figure 75 in its second operating state. Figure 83b for Figure 83a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 84a for Figure 75 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 84b for Figure 84a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 85a for Figure 75 The color illustration shows a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor of the mobile terminal in the second operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 85b for Figure 85a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0430] Figure 86a Figure 75 The color diagram shows the current flow of the antenna 100 in the third operating state. Figure 86b for Figure 86a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 87a A color diagram illustrating the current intensity of antenna 100 shown in Figure 75 in its third operating state. Figure 87b for Figure 87a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 88a for Figure 75 The color image shows the radiation pattern of antenna 100 in its third operating state. Figure 88b for Figure 88a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown; Figure 89a for Figure 75 The color illustration shows the current distribution of the mobile terminal's floor in the third operating state of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 89b for Figure 89a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of the current distribution on the floor shown.

[0431] Combined with 78a to Figure 89b As shown, in the first operating state, the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 of antenna 100 have equal electrical lengths and are strongly coupled. The entire radiator generates a linear antenna D-mode. Due to the pull of the current on circuit board 012, the radiation pattern of antenna 100 is stronger on the left and weaker on the right near 2.1 GHz. In the second operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 is greater than that of the first stub 10. The resonance (2.1 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In the third operating state, the current intensity on the right side of circuit board 012 is weaker. Compared to the first operating state, the radiation on the left side of the antenna pattern near 2.1 GHz is enhanced in this state. In the third operating state, the current intensity of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20. The resonance (2.1 GHz) is mainly generated by the first stub 10. The electrical length of the second stub 20 is less than that of the first stub 10. The second stub 20 has a guiding effect on the first stub 10 in the radiation pattern. The current on the right side of circuit board 012 is enhanced. Compared to the first operating state, the radiation on the right side of the antenna pattern near 2.2 GHz is enhanced in this state.

[0432] Figure 90 for Figure 75 The diagram shows the gain patterns of antenna 100 in three operating states. The solid line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the first operating state, the dashed line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the second operating state, and the dotted-dash line represents the gain pattern of antenna 100 in the third operating state. It can be seen that, compared to the strong coupling between the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 in the first operating state, antenna 100 can achieve pattern reconstruction to the left in the second operating state, and pattern reconstruction to the right in the third operating state. Furthermore, the left-right radiation of antenna 100 is balanced in the third operating state.

[0433] Figure 91 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 91As shown, in this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes not only the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, but also a third branch 70. The first branch 10, the second branch 20, and the third branch 70 are all disposed on the first frame 02 of the mobile terminal, with the third branch 70 located on the side of the second branch 20 facing away from the first branch 10. Specifically, the first frame 02 includes a first segment 021, a second segment 022, a third segment 023, and a fourth segment 024 arranged sequentially along the length of the mobile terminal. The first segment 021 is disposed near the top of the mobile terminal, and the fourth segment 024 is disposed near the bottom of the mobile terminal. The second segment 022 can be used to form the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, and the third segment 023 can be used to form the third branch 70. Dielectric material is filled between the first segment 021 and the second segment 022, between the second segment 022 and the third segment 023, and between the third segment 023 and the fourth segment 024.

[0434] For example, the length of the first border 02 is approximately 158 mm. Among them, the length of the first segment 021 is approximately 30 mm, the length of the second segment 022 is approximately 22 mm, the length of the third segment 023 is approximately 15 mm, and the length of the fourth segment 024 is approximately 86 mm.

[0435] In this embodiment, the third branch 70 includes a first end facing the second branch 20 and a second end facing away from the second branch 20. The first end e of the third branch 70 includes a third grounding point 71. In one implementation, the electrical length of the third branch 70 is approximately 1 / 4λ3, where λ3 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the third branch 70.

[0436] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 91 The mobile terminal also includes a third tuning circuit 80, which includes a third switch 81, a seventh branch 82, and an eighth branch 83. The third switch 81 is located at the second terminal f of the third branch 70. The third switch 81 can be used to control the coupling of the second terminal f of the third branch 70 to ground via the seventh branch 82 or the eighth branch 83. The seventh branch 82 includes a third capacitor C3, and the eighth branch 83 includes a third inductor L3. In a specific implementation, one end of the seventh branch 82 is connected to the second terminal f of the third branch 70 via the third switch 81, and the other end of the seventh branch 82 is grounded. Similarly, one end of the eighth branch 83 is connected to the second terminal f of the third branch 70 via the third switch 81, and the other end of the eighth branch 83 is grounded.

[0437] For example, the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 can be greater than or equal to 0.1pF and less than or equal to 1pF. For example, the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2 can be 0.1pF, 0.2pF, 0.4pF, 0.6pF, 0.7pF, 1pF, etc. The inductance value of the second inductor L2 can be greater than or equal to 10nH and less than or equal to 30nH. For example, the inductance value of the second inductor L2 can be 10nH, 13nH, 18nH, 25nH, 30nH, etc.

[0438] In some embodiments, the third switch 81 may be a multi-position single-pole switch. Exemplarily, the moving contact of the third switch 81 includes a first operating position and a second operating position. The moving contact of the third switch 81 is used to connect the second end f of the third branch 70 to the seventh branch 82 in its first operating position, and the third switch 81 is used to connect the second end f of the third branch 70 to the eighth branch 83 in its second operating position.

[0439] When the third switch 81 controls the second terminal f of the third branch 70 to be connected to the seventh branch 82, that is, when the third capacitor C3 is loaded at the second terminal f of the third branch 70, the electrical length of the third branch 70 can be increased; when the third switch 81 controls the second terminal f of the third branch 70 to be connected to the eighth branch 83, that is, when the third inductor L3 is loaded at the second terminal f of the third branch 70, the electrical length of the third branch 70 can be decreased.

[0440] In some embodiments, the third tuning circuit 80 further includes a ninth branch 84, which is disconnected from ground. The third switch 81 can also be used to control the connection between the second terminal f of the third branch 70 and the ninth branch 84. That is, the second terminal f of the third branch 70 is not connected to other electrical components, and in this case, the electrical length of the third branch 70 remains essentially unchanged. In one implementation, the moving contact of the third switch 81 further includes a third operating position, in which the moving contact of the third switch 81 itself forms the ninth branch 84.

[0441] In this embodiment, the antenna 100 can adopt any of the feeding methods provided in the foregoing embodiments, such as direct feed, distributed feed, coupled feed, etc. Figure 91 The image shows that antenna 100 uses the same technology as... Figure 17 The same power supply method is used in the illustrated embodiment. Specifically, the connection point of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 can be used as a shared power supply point for the first branch 10 and the second branch 20, and the connection point of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 is grounded through an inductive structure.

[0442] In this embodiment, the second end f of the third stub 70 is connected to different branches by the third switch 81. Combined with the control of the first stub 10 by the first switch 41 and the control of the second stub 20 by the second switch 51, the electrical length of the third stub 70 can differ from that of the second stub 20, thus creating a weak coupling relationship between the third stub 70 and the second stub 20. Furthermore, by utilizing the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the third stub 70 to lead or lag behind the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first stub 10 or the second stub 20, the transmission or direction of the antenna 100 pattern can be further achieved.

[0443] Based on the control of the corresponding branches by the first switch 41, the second switch 51, and the third switch 81, the antenna 100 can achieve multiple operating states. The following example illustrates two operating states of the antenna 100. (Reference) Figure 92a and Figure 92b As shown, Figure 92a for Figure 91 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 92b for Figure 91 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its second operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is loaded at the second end b of the first branch 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second branch 20; and the third switch 81 controls the second end f of the third branch 70 to connect to the seventh branch 82, i.e., a third capacitor C3 is loaded at the second end f of the third branch 70. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is loaded at the second end b of the first branch 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the fourth branch 52, i.e., a second capacitor C2 is loaded at the second end d of the second branch 20; and the third switch 81 controls the second end f of the third branch 70 to connect to the ninth branch 84. For example, the inductance of the first inductor L1 is about 10nH, the capacitance of the second capacitor C2 is about 0.3pF, and the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 is about 0.6pF.

[0444] To better understand the impact of adding the third stub 70 on the performance of the antenna 100, this embodiment compares and analyzes the performance of the antenna 100 when only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are included. Specifically, the antenna 100 when only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are included (i.e.... Figure 17 The illustrated embodiment, in Figure 92a and Figure 92b(Outlined with a dashed line) The design of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 is consistent with the design of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 in this embodiment.

[0445] Figure 93a for Figure 91 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 17 The S-parameter curve of antenna 100 is shown, where the solid line represents... Figure 91 The antenna 100 shown in the diagram has an S11 curve in its first operating state, indicated by the dashed line. Figure 17 The S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state shown in the figure can be seen that the resonant frequencies of both antennas 100 are around 2.13 GHz, and Figure 91 The resonant frequency of the antenna 100 shown is slightly lower than Figure 17 The resonant frequency of antenna 100 is shown. Additionally, the Smith chart of the antenna is shown on the left side of the figure, which characterizes the impedance matching effect of the two antennas in the first operating state.

[0446] Figure 93b for Figure 91 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 17 The efficiency curve of antenna 100 shown is illustrated, where the thick solid line represents... Figure 91 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is represented by the thick dashed line. Figure 91 The system efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state is shown in the thin solid line. Figure 17 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is represented by the thin dashed line. Figure 17 The system efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is as follows. It can be seen that after adding the third stub 70, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 is lower than that of the case with only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20.

[0447] Figure 94a for Figure 91 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 94b for Figure 94a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 95a for Figure 91 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 95b for Figure 95a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 96a for Figure 91 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 96b for Figure 96a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 94a to 96bAs shown, in the first operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10 and the third stub 70, and the resonance (2.13 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern; the electrical length of the third stub 70 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the third stub 70 has a reflecting effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0448] Figure 97a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 97b for Figure 97a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 98a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 98b for Figure 98a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 99a for Figure 17 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 99b for Figure 99a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 97a to 99b As shown, in the first operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the resonance (2.13 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 exerts a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0449] Figure 100a for Figure 91 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 100b for Figure 100a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figure 100a and Figure 100b As shown, in the second operating state, the resonance (2.13 GHz) of the antenna 100 is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than the electrical length of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. The electrical length of the third stub 70 is less than the electrical length of the second stub 20, and the third stub 70 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern.

[0450] Figure 101 for Figure 91 The antenna shown is Figure 17 The antenna gain pattern shown is illustrated, where the solid line represents... Figure 91 The gain directional curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state is shown below, with the dashed line representing... Figure 91 The gain directional curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state is shown below, with the dotted line representing... Figure 17 The image shows the gain directional curve of antenna 100 in its first operating state. It can be seen that the reflection of the second stub 20 onto the radiation pattern by the third stub 70... Figure 91 The antenna 100 shown increases its upward radiation gain by approximately 2 dB in the first operating state; while the third stub 70 directs the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. Figure 91 The antenna 100 shown in the second operating state has a reduced gain when radiating upwards.

[0451] Figure 102 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 102 As shown, in this embodiment, the structure of the radiator of antenna 100 is similar to... Figure 91 The embodiments shown are basically the same, except that the antenna 100 in this embodiment uses the same... Figure 27 The same coupling power supply method is used in the illustrated embodiment. Specifically, the power supply line 60 can be a closed slot with both ends grounded. The power supply line 60 is located on one side of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20. A portion of the power supply line 60 is positioned opposite the first branch 10, and the other portion is positioned opposite the second branch 20. A first gap 62 is formed between the power supply line 60 and the first branch 10, and a second gap 63 is formed between the power supply line 60 and the second branch 20. The power supply line 60 can supply power to the first branch 10 through the first gap 62 and to the second branch 20 through the second gap 63.

[0452] In this embodiment, based on the control of the corresponding branches by the first switch 41, the second switch 51, and the third switch 81, the antenna 100 can achieve multiple operating states. Two operating states of the antenna 100 are illustrated below. (Reference) Figure 103a and Figure 103b As shown, Figure 103a for Figure 102 The diagram shown illustrates the structure of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 103b for Figure 102The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 in its second operating state. In the first operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the second branch 43, i.e., a first inductor L1 is loaded at the second end b of the first branch 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54; and the third switch 81 controls the second end f of the third branch 70 to load to the seventh branch 82, i.e., a third capacitor C3 is loaded at the second end f of the third branch 70. In the second operating state, the first switch 41 controls the second end b of the first branch 10 to connect to the first branch 42, i.e., a first capacitor C1 is loaded at the second end b of the first branch 10; the second switch 51 controls the second end d of the second branch 20 to connect to the sixth branch 54; and the third switch 81 controls the second end f of the third branch 70 to connect to the eighth branch 83, i.e., a third inductor L3 is loaded at the second end f of the third branch 70. For example, the inductance of the first inductor L1 is approximately 15nH, the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 is approximately 0.5pF, the inductance of the third inductor L3 is approximately 12nH, and the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 is approximately 0.3pF.

[0453] To better understand the impact of adding the third stub 70 on the performance of the antenna 100, this embodiment compares and analyzes the performance of the antenna 100 when only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are included. Specifically, the antenna 100 when only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are included (i.e.... Figure 27 The illustrated embodiment, in Figure 103a and Figure 103b (Outlined with a dashed line) The design of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 is consistent with the design of the first branch 10 and the second branch 20 in this embodiment.

[0454] Figure 104a for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 27 The S-parameter curve of antenna 100 is shown, where the solid line represents... Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown in the diagram has an S11 curve in its first operating state, indicated by the dashed line. Figure 27 The S11 curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state shown in the figure indicates that the resonant frequencies of both antennas 100 are around 2.16 GHz. Additionally, the Smith chart on the left side of the figure represents the impedance matching effect of the two antennas in the first operating state.

[0455] Figure 104b for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 27 The efficiency curve of antenna 100 shown is illustrated, where the thick solid line represents... Figure 102 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is represented by the thick dashed line. Figure 102The system efficiency of antenna 100 in the first operating state is shown in the thin solid line. Figure 27 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is represented by the thin dashed line. Figure 27 The system efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is as follows. It can be seen that after adding the third stub 70, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 is lower than that of the case with only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20.

[0456] Figure 105a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 105b for Figure 105a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 106a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 106b for Figure 106a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 107a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 107b for Figure 107a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 105a to 107b As shown, in the first operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10 and the third stub 70, and the resonance (2.16 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 has a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern; the electrical length of the third stub 70 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the third stub 70 has a reflecting effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0457] Figure 108a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 108b for Figure 108a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 109a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 109b for Figure 109a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 110a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its first operating state. Figure 110b for Figure 110aThe grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 108a to 110b As shown, in the first operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the resonance (2.16 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 exerts a guiding effect on the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates upwards.

[0458] Figure 111 for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown in the first operating state is with Figure 27 The gain pattern of antenna 100 in the first operating state is shown, where the solid line represents... Figure 102 The gain directional curve of antenna 100 in the first operating state is shown below, with the dashed line representing... Figure 27 The antenna 100 is shown with a gain-direction curve in its first operating state. It can be seen that the reflection of the second stub 20 onto the radiation pattern by the third stub 70... Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown increases the upward radiation gain by approximately 1 dB in the first operating state.

[0459] Figure 112a for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 27 The S-parameter curve of antenna 100 is shown, where the solid line represents... Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown in the second operating state is represented by the S11 curve, with the dashed line indicating... Figure 27 The S11 curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state shown in the figure indicates that the resonant frequencies of both antennas 100 are around 2.16 GHz. Additionally, the Smith chart on the left side of the figure represents the impedance matching effect of the two antennas in the first operating state.

[0460] Figure 112b for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown is Figure 27 The efficiency curve of antenna 100 shown is illustrated, where the thick solid line represents... Figure 102 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the second operating state is indicated by the thick dashed line. Figure 102 The system efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state is shown in the thin solid line. Figure 27 The radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 shown in the second operating state is indicated by the thin dashed line. Figure 27 The system efficiency of antenna 100 in the second operating state is shown. It can be seen that after adding the third stub 70, the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 is lower than that of antenna 100 with only the first stub 10 and the second stub 20.

[0461] Figure 113a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 113b for Figure 113a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 114a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 114b for Figure 114a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 115a for Figure 102 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 115b for Figure 115a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 113a to 115b As shown, in the second operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10 and the third stub 70, and the resonance (2.16 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 reflects the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern; the electrical length of the third stub 70 is less than that of the second stub 20, and the third stub 70 directs the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates downwards.

[0462] Figure 116a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current flow direction of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 116b for Figure 116a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current flow shown in the figure; Figure 117a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the current intensity of the antenna 100 in the second operating state. Figure 117b for Figure 117a The grayscale image corresponding to the schematic diagram of current intensity shown in the figure; Figure 118a for Figure 27 The color diagram shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 in its second operating state. Figure 118b for Figure 118a The grayscale image corresponding to the radiation pattern shown is also included. Figures 116a to 118bAs shown, in the second operating state, the current intensity of the second stub 20 of the antenna 100 is greater than that of the first stub 10, and the resonance (2.16 GHz) is mainly generated by the second stub 20. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is greater than that of the second stub 20, and the first stub 10 reflects the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. In this state, the radiation pattern of the antenna 100 near 2.13 GHz mainly radiates downwards.

[0463] Figure 119 for Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown in the second operating state is with Figure 27 The gain pattern of antenna 100 in the second operating state is shown, where the solid line represents... Figure 102 The gain directional curve of antenna 100 in the second operating state is shown below, with the dashed line representing... Figure 27 The antenna 100 is shown with a gain directional curve in the second operating state. It can be seen that the third stub 70 directs the second stub 20 in the radiation pattern. Figure 102 The antenna 100 shown increases its downward radiation gain by approximately 2 dB in the second operating state.

[0464] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the embodiments of this application change the electrical length of the first stub and / or the second stub by setting a tuning circuit, turning two strongly coupled stubs that are adjacent to each other into weakly coupled stubs, thereby improving the isolation between the two stubs. Furthermore, by employing distributed feeding, direct feeding, or coupled feeding methods, the antenna can cause the two weakly coupled stubs to mutually attract or reflect each other, enabling the antenna to achieve a larger angle, wider beam, or smoother gain envelope radiation pattern reconstruction. Based on the characteristics of the reconstructed radiation pattern, the head and hand performance of the mobile terminal can be optimized, and the SAR value can be reduced. Building on this, by continuing to add weakly coupled stubs and utilizing the difference in their electrical lengths with those of the feeding stubs to achieve attracting or reflecting radiation patterns for the feeding stubs, the antenna gain can be further improved or the directivity coefficient reduced.

[0465] In the embodiments of this application, the antenna can have other variations besides the designs used in the above embodiments. Several other antenna designs are briefly described below.

[0466] refer to Figure 120a and Figure 120b As shown, Figure 120a and Figure 120bThis is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in this application embodiment under two operating states. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10, a second stub 20, and a third stub 70. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are connected, and the third stub 70 is disposed on the side of the second stub 20 opposite to the first stub 10. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50, and the second end f of the third stub 70 is connected to a third tuning circuit 80. The antenna 100 adopts distributed feeding, and the feeding lines 60 are connected to the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 respectively.

[0467] exist Figure 120a In the operating state shown, by loading a first capacitor C1 at the second end b of the first branch 10 and a third capacitor C3 at the second end f of the third branch 70, the first branch 10 can reflect the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can reflect the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern. Figure 120b In the operating state shown, by loading a first inductor L1 at the second end b of the first branch 10 and a third inductor L3 at the second end f of the third branch 70, the first branch 10 can guide the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can guide the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern.

[0468] refer to Figure 121 As shown, Figure 121 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10, a second stub 20, and a third stub 70. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are connected, and the third stub 70 is disposed on the side of the first stub 10 away from the second stub 20. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50, and the second end f of the third stub 70 is connected to a third tuning circuit 80. The antenna 100 adopts distributed feeding, and the feeding lines 60 are connected to the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 respectively.

[0469] By loading a second capacitor C2 at the second end d of the second branch 20 and a third capacitor C3 at the second end f of the third branch 70, the second branch 20 can reflect the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can reflect the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern.

[0470] exist Figure 120a , Figure 120b and Figure 121In the illustrated embodiment, by simultaneously forming reflections or simultaneously forming directions at both ends of the feed stub, the directivity coefficient of the antenna 100 can be reduced, or the beamwidth of the antenna 100 can be increased.

[0471] refer to Figure 122a and Figure 122b As shown, Figure 122a and Figure 122b This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in this application embodiment under two operating states. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10, a second stub 20, and a third stub 70. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are connected, and the third stub 70 is disposed on the side of the second stub 20 opposite to the first stub 10. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50, and the second end f of the third stub 70 is connected to a third tuning circuit 80. The antenna 100 uses coupled feeding, and the feeding line 60 is coupled to the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 respectively.

[0472] exist Figure 122a In the operating state shown, by applying a second inductor L2 to the second end d of the second branch 20 and a third inductor L3 to the second end f of the third branch 70, the second branch 20 can be made to guide the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can be made to guide the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern. Figure 122b In the operating state shown, by loading a second capacitor C2 at the second end d of the second branch 20 and a third capacitor C3 at the second end f of the third branch 70, the second branch 20 can reflect the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can reflect the first branch 10 in the radiation pattern.

[0473] refer to Figure 123a and Figure 123b As shown, Figure 123a and Figure 123b This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in this application embodiment under two operating states. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10, a second stub 20, and a third stub 70. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are connected, and the third stub 70 is disposed on the side of the first stub 10 away from the second stub 20. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50, and the second end f of the third stub 70 is connected to a third tuning circuit 80. The antenna 100 uses coupled feeding, and the feeding line 60 is coupled to the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 respectively.

[0474] exist Figure 123aIn the operating state shown, by applying a first inductor L1 to the second end b of the first branch 10 and a third inductor L3 to the second end f of the third branch 70, the first branch 10 can guide the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can also guide the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern. Figure 123b In the operating state shown, by loading a first capacitor C1 at the second end b of the first branch 10 and a third capacitor C3 at the second end f of the third branch 70, the first branch 10 can reflect the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern, and the third branch 70 can reflect the second branch 20 in the radiation pattern.

[0475] exist Figure 122a and Figure 122b ,as well as Figure 123a and Figure 123b In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna 100 can achieve high gain by simultaneously directing or reflecting the feed stubs located at the edge through multiple stubs.

[0476] refer to Figure 124 As shown, Figure 124 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10 and a second stub 20. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are grounded adjacent to each other, or the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 have a common grounding point. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, and the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is approximately 1 / 4λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the first stub 10; the electrical length of the second stub 20 is approximately 3 / 4λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the second stub 20.

[0477] refer to Figure 125 As shown, Figure 125 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10 and a second stub 20, which are grounded adjacent to each other, or the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 have a common grounding point. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, and the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 can each be in the form of a patch antenna 100.

[0478] refer to Figure 126 As shown, Figure 126This is a schematic diagram of another antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 includes a first stub 10 and a second stub 20. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are grounded adjacent to each other, or the first stub 10 and the second stub 20 have a common grounding point. The second end b of the first stub 10 is connected to a first tuning circuit 40, and the second end d of the second stub 20 is connected to a second tuning circuit 50. The first stub 10 is disposed on the first frame of the mobile terminal, and the second stub 20 is disposed on the second frame of the mobile terminal. The first stub 10 and the second stub 20 are arranged approximately orthogonally. The electrical length of the first stub 10 is approximately 1 / 4λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the resonance produced by the first stub 10; the electrical length of the second stub 20 is approximately 1 / 4λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency generated by the resonance produced by the second stub 20. The antenna 100 can be coupled to feed, with a first sub-line 64 and a second sub-line 65 in the feed line 60. The first sub-line 64 and the second sub-line 65 are also nearly orthogonal. There is a first gap 62 between the first sub-line 64 and the first stub 10, and a second gap 63 between the second sub-line 65 and the second stub 20.

[0479] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A mobile terminal, characterized in that, The antenna includes a first stub and a second stub, wherein a first grounding point is provided at the end of the first stub facing the second stub, and a second grounding point is provided at the end of the second stub facing the first stub. The mobile terminal further includes a first tuning circuit, which includes a first switch, a first branch, and a second branch. The first switch is located at the end of the first branch away from the second branch and is used to control the end of the first branch away from the second branch to be coupled to ground through the first branch or the second branch. The first branch includes a first capacitor, and the second branch includes a first inductor.

2. The mobile terminal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first tuning circuit also includes a third branch, which is disconnected from ground. The first switch is also used to control the end of the first branch away from the second branch to be connected to the third branch.

3. The mobile terminal as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mobile terminal also includes a second tuning circuit, which includes a second switch, a fourth branch, and a fifth branch. The second switch is located at the end of the second branch away from the first branch. The second switch is used to control the end of the second switch away from the first branch to be coupled to ground through the third branch or the fourth branch. The third branch includes a second capacitor. The fourth branch includes a second inductor.

4. The mobile terminal as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second tuning circuit also includes a sixth branch, which is disconnected from ground; The second switch is also used to control the connection between the end of the second branch away from the first branch and the sixth branch.

5. The mobile terminal as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, When the first switch connects the end of the first branch away from the second branch to the first branch, and the second switch connects the end of the second branch away from the first branch to the fifth branch, the first branch generates a first resonance, and the second branch generates a second resonance; the resonant frequency f1 of the first resonance and the resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance satisfy: |f1-f2|≤0.3Fb; When the first switch connects the end of the first branch away from the second branch to the second branch, and the second switch connects the end of the second branch away from the first branch to the fourth branch, the first branch generates a third resonance, and the second branch generates a fourth resonance; the resonant frequency f3 of the third resonance and the resonant frequency f4 of the fourth resonance satisfy: |f3-f3|≤0.3Fb; Wherein, Fb is the center frequency of the antenna.

6. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first grounding point and the second grounding point are spaced apart; or, the first grounding point and the second grounding point are the same grounding point.

7. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first branch includes a first feed point, which is located between the first grounding point and the end of the first branch away from the second branch; The second branch includes a second feed point, which is located between the second ground point and the end of the second branch away from the first branch.

8. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a feed line, which includes a feed point, a first connection end, and a second connection end. The first connection end is connected to the first stub, and the second connection end is connected to the second stub.

9. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a feed line, which includes a feed point; The power supply line is located on one side of the first branch and the second branch. There is a first gap between the power supply line and the first branch, and a second gap between the power supply line and the second branch. Both ends of the power supply line are coupled to the ground.

10. The mobile terminal as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The antenna is coupled to ground at both ends via inductive structures.

11. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a feed line, which includes a feed point; The power supply line is located on one side of the first branch and the second branch. There is a first gap between the power supply line and the first branch, and a second gap between the power supply line and the second branch. Both ends of the power supply line are open.

12. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The connection point between the first branch and the second branch is a shared power supply point for both branches, and the connection point between the first branch and the second branch is grounded through an inductive structure.

13. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a third stub and a third tuning circuit; The third branch is located on the side of the second branch away from the first branch, and the third branch is spaced apart from the second branch. The end of the third branch facing the second branch includes a third grounding point. The third tuning circuit includes a third switch, a seventh branch, and an eighth branch; the third switch is located at the end of the third branch away from the second branch, and the third switch is used to control the end of the third branch away from the second branch to be coupled to ground through the fifth branch or the sixth branch; the seventh branch includes a third capacitor; and the eighth branch includes a third inductor.

14. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The electrical length of the first branch is 1 / 4λ1, and the electrical length of the second branch is 1 / 4λ2; or, the electrical length of the first branch is 1 / 4λ1, and the electrical length of the second branch is 3 / 4λ2. Wherein, λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the first branch, and λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by the second branch.

15. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The mobile terminal also includes a frame, which is arranged around the periphery of the mobile terminal, and the first branch and the second branch are arranged on the frame.

16. The mobile terminal as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The border includes a first border, and both the first branch and the second branch are disposed within the first border; or... The frame includes a first frame and a second frame, the first frame is connected to the second frame, the first branch is disposed at the end of the first frame near the second frame, and the second branch is disposed at the end of the second frame near the first frame.

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