A mobile terminal

Abstract

The application provides a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal comprises a frame, which is arranged around the circumference of the mobile terminal. In addition, the mobile terminal further comprises an antenna structure and a switching switch. The antenna structure comprises a plurality of radiators, which are arranged on the frame. In the application, the antenna structure is used to receive signals of a first frequency band, and when the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure working in a first mode is less than that of the antenna structure working in a second mode during a receiving time slot, the switching switch controls the antenna structure to work in the second mode. By using the design scheme of the mobile terminal provided in the application, during the receiving time slot, the antenna structure can be switched to the mode with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio by the switching switch after comparing the signal-to-noise ratios of the antenna structure working in different modes, so as to improve the signal receiving performance of the mobile terminal and the connection stability of the communication link between the mobile terminal and other terminal devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a mobile terminal. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and the widespread use of smartphones, people have increasingly higher requirements for mobile terminals, especially for their communication capabilities.

[0003] Antennas are a crucial component for mobile terminal communication, and the process of signal transmission via antennas is the process by which mobile terminals achieve communication. In some scenarios, signal transmission is susceptible to interference, which can affect the communication performance of mobile terminals. For example, in situations with strong interference, such as placing a mobile phone in a pocket or backpack, communication between the phone and Bluetooth headset may experience stuttering or even disconnection, resulting in a poor user experience. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the communication link is beneficial for enhancing the communication performance between mobile terminals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The mobile terminal provided in this application improves the communication performance of the antenna system by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the communication link.

[0005] This application provides a mobile terminal including a frame that is circumferentially arranged around the mobile terminal. Additionally, the mobile terminal includes an antenna structure and a switching switch. The antenna structure includes multiple radiators disposed on the frame. In this application, the antenna structure is used to receive signals in a first frequency band. During the reception time slot, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the antenna structure operating in the first mode is less than the SNR of the antenna structure operating in the second mode, the switching switch controls the antenna structure to operate in the second mode. By adopting the mobile terminal design provided in this application, during the reception time slot, after comparing the SNR of the antenna structure operating in different modes, the switching switch can be used to switch the antenna structure to operate in the mode with the highest SNR, thereby improving the signal reception performance of the mobile terminal and enhancing the connection stability of the communication link between the mobile terminal and other terminal devices.

[0006] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna structure further includes a first tuning circuit. Multiple radiators, including a first radiator and a second radiator, are included. The first radiator includes a first open terminal, and the second radiator includes a second open terminal, separated by a slot. The first radiator includes a first feed point, thus serving as a main feed radiator of the antenna structure. The second radiator is coupled to the first tuning circuit, which includes a first tuning branch, a second tuning branch, and a first control switch. When the first control switch controls the coupling of the first tuning branch with the second radiator, the antenna structure operates in a first mode. When the first control switch controls the coupling of the second tuning branch with the second radiator, the antenna structure operates in a second mode. In this scheme, the first control switch can be used to switch the tuning branch coupled to the second radiator to adjust the resonant frequency of the second radiator. This allows the second radiator to act as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator, influencing the operating mode of the antenna structure and thus enabling the switching of the antenna structure's operating mode.

[0007] In one possible implementation of this application, the first tuning circuit is also coupled to the first radiator. That is, the first tuning circuit is coupled to both the first and second radiators simultaneously across the gap between them. In this implementation, the first and second radiators can be connected as a single unit via the first tuning circuit, or they can operate independently. In both cases, the antenna structure can operate in different modes.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, the second radiator further includes a second ground terminal, and the distance from the first tuning circuit to the second open terminal is less than the distance from the first tuning circuit to the second ground terminal. This can help increase the adjustment range of the resonant frequency of the second radiator by the first tuning circuit, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0009] In one possible implementation of this application, the first radiator further includes a first ground terminal, and the distance from the first feed point to the first open terminal is less than the distance from the first feed point to the first ground terminal. This is beneficial for improving the coupling effect between the first radiator and the second radiator, thereby enabling the first and second radiators to have a significant impact on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0010] In one possible implementation of this application, the plurality of radiators further includes a third radiator, with the first radiator located between the second and third radiators. The third radiator includes a third open terminal and a third ground terminal, with the third ground terminal closer to the first ground terminal than the third open terminal. In this implementation, both the second and third radiators can act as parasitic radiators of the first radiator. When the second radiator acts as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator, the antenna structure operates in a first mode; when the third radiator acts as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator, the antenna structure operates in a second mode. This allows for switching the operating mode of the antenna structure by switching the parasitic radiator of the first radiator.

[0011] In one possible implementation of this application, the mobile terminal further includes a floor. When the first control switch controls the coupling of the first tuning branch with the second radiator, the second radiator is disconnected from the floor through the first tuning branch. In this case, the first mode can be considered as a mode formed by the coupling of the first radiator and the second radiator. Conversely, when the first control switch controls the coupling of the second tuning branch with the second radiator, the second radiator is coupled to the floor through the first tuning branch. In this case, the second mode can be considered as a mode formed by the coupling of the first radiator and the third radiator.

[0012] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna structure further includes a second tuning circuit coupled to a third radiator. The distance from the second tuning circuit to the third open terminal is less than the distance from the second tuning circuit to the third ground terminal. The second tuning circuit can then be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the third radiator, allowing the third radiator to act as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator, thereby significantly influencing the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0013] In one possible implementation of this application, the frame of the mobile terminal may include a first frame and a second frame disposed opposite to each other. The first frame includes a connector interface, and a first open end of the first radiator and a second open end of the second radiator are disposed on the second frame. Thus, when the first frame or the second frame is closer to the terminal device communicating with the mobile terminal compared to other frames, if the signal-to-noise ratio is high when the antenna structure operates in the mode formed by the first and second radiators, the antenna structure can operate primarily in the mode formed by the first and second radiators.

[0014] In one possible implementation of this application, the frame of the mobile terminal further includes a third frame, and the first and second frames are connected through the third frame. The antenna structure also includes a third tuning circuit, and the plurality of radiators further includes a fourth radiator and a fifth radiator. The fourth radiator includes a fourth open terminal, and the fifth radiator includes a fifth open terminal. The fourth and fifth open terminals are separated by a gap and are disposed on the third frame. The fourth radiator includes a second feed point, and the fifth radiator is coupled to the third tuning circuit. In this implementation, the fourth radiator can serve as the main feed radiator, and the third tuning circuit can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the fifth radiator so that the fifth radiator can serve as a parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator. In addition, the third tuning circuit includes a third tuning branch, a fourth tuning branch, and a third control switch. When the third control switch controls the coupling of the third tuning branch with the fifth radiator, the antenna structure operates in a third mode; when the third control switch controls the coupling of the fourth tuning branch with the fifth radiator, the antenna structure operates in a fourth mode. Thus, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) received by the antenna structure in the first, second, or third mode is lower than the SNR when the antenna structure is in the fourth mode, the switching switch controls the antenna structure to operate in the fourth mode. In this implementation, the antenna structure includes a first antenna with a first radiator as the main feed radiator and a second antenna with a second radiator as the main feed radiator. By comparing the SNR of the first and second antennas, the mobile terminal can utilize the antenna with the higher SNR to receive the first signal, thereby improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0015] In one possible implementation of this application, the third tuning circuit is also coupled to the fourth radiator. That is, the third tuning circuit is coupled to both the fourth and fifth radiators simultaneously, spanning the gap between them. In this implementation, the fourth and fifth radiators can be connected as a single unit via the third tuning circuit, or they can operate independently. In both cases, the antenna structure can operate in different modes.

[0016] In one possible implementation of this application, the fifth radiator further includes a fifth ground terminal, and the distance from the third tuning circuit to the fifth open terminal is less than the distance from the third tuning circuit to the fifth ground terminal. This can help increase the adjustment range of the resonant frequency of the fifth radiator by the third tuning circuit, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0017] In one possible implementation of this application, the fourth radiator further includes a fourth ground terminal, and the distance from the second feed point to the fourth open terminal is less than the distance from the second feed point to the fourth ground terminal. This is beneficial for improving the coupling effect between the fourth and fifth radiators, thereby enabling the fourth and fifth radiators to have a significant impact on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0018] In one possible implementation of this application, the plurality of radiators further includes a sixth radiator, which comprises a sixth open terminal and a sixth ground terminal. The fourth radiator is located between the fifth and sixth radiators, and the sixth ground terminal is closer to the fifth ground terminal than the sixth open terminal. In this implementation, both the fifth and sixth radiators can act as parasitic radiators of the fourth radiator. When the fifth radiator acts as a parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator, the antenna structure operates in a third mode; when the sixth radiator acts as a parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator, the antenna structure operates in a fourth mode. This allows for switching the operating mode of the antenna structure by switching the parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator.

[0019] In one possible implementation of this application, the mobile terminal further includes a floor. When the third control switch controls the coupling of the third tuning branch with the fifth radiator, the fifth radiator is disconnected from the floor through the third tuning branch. In this case, the third mode can be considered as a mode formed by the coupling of the fourth and fifth radiators. Conversely, when the third control switch controls the coupling of the fourth tuning branch with the fifth radiator, the fifth radiator is coupled to the floor through the fourth tuning branch. In this case, the fourth mode can be considered as a mode formed by the coupling of the fourth and sixth radiators.

[0020] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna structure further includes a fourth tuning circuit coupled to a sixth radiator. The distance from the fourth tuning circuit to the sixth open terminal is less than the distance from the fourth tuning circuit to the sixth ground terminal. The fourth tuning circuit can then be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the sixth radiator, allowing the sixth radiator to act as a parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator, thereby significantly influencing the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0021] This application does not limit the operating frequency band of the antenna structure. For example, in one possible implementation, the first frequency band can be the Bluetooth band, meaning the antenna structure can be used for Bluetooth band reception. This can improve the connection stability of the Bluetooth communication link between the mobile terminal and other terminal devices. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution when a dipole antenna is placed close to the human body material.

[0024] Figure 3 The radiation pattern of a dipole antenna when placed close to the human body material;

[0025] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of the electric field vector of a dipole antenna placed close to the human body material;

[0026] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the magnetic field vector of a material with a dipole antenna close to the human body;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 10 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 12 Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 13 Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 14 Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 15 Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 16 Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 17Another structural diagram of the mobile terminal provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figures 18a to 18h The radiation pattern formed on the surface of human body material when the antenna structure operates in different modes in the scenario of a mobile terminal being placed vertically in a trouser pocket.

[0041] Figure label:

[0042] 100 - Cover plate; 200 - Display screen / module; 300 - Printed circuit board; 400 - Mid-frame; 500 - Back cover; 600 - Bezel;

[0043] 6001 - First frame; 60011 - Connector interface; 6002 - Second frame; 6003 - Third frame;

[0044] 10 - Dipole antenna; 20 - Human body material;

[0045] 1-First radiator; 101-First open terminal; 102-First feed point; 103-First grounding terminal; 2-Second radiator;

[0046] 201 - Second open terminal; 202 - Second ground terminal; 3 - First tuning circuit; 4 - Third radiator; 401 - Third open terminal;

[0047] 402 - Third grounding terminal; 5 - Second tuning circuit; 6 - Fourth radiator; 601 - Fourth open terminal; 602 - Second feed point;

[0048] 603 - Fourth ground terminal; 7 - Fifth radiator; 701 - Fifth open terminal; 702 - Fifth ground terminal; 8 - Third tuning circuit;

[0049] 9-Sixth radiator; 901-Sixth open terminal; 902-Sixth ground terminal; 11-Fourth tuning circuit; Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0051] It should be noted that specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate understanding of this application. However, the embodiments of this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0052] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0054] Ground / Plug: This can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within a mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground / Plug" can be used for grounding components within the mobile terminal. In one embodiment, "Ground / Plug" may include any one or more of the following: a grounding layer of the mobile terminal's circuit board, a ground plane formed by the mobile terminal's frame, a grounding metal layer formed by a thin metal film beneath the screen, a conductive grounding layer of the battery, and conductive or metallic components electrically connected to the aforementioned grounding layer / ground plane / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as glass fiber or polymers.

[0055] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0056] Radio frequency (RF) chips are a combination of all components used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals. They can be considered to include the RF front end and the transceiver. In the case of a receiving antenna, the RF chip can be considered the antenna section from the first amplifier to the front-end transmitter. In a transmitting antenna, the RF chip can be seen as the section after the last power amplifier. In some cases, the RF chip can also be understood as the feed unit. Typically, it is considered part of the antenna system, used to convert radio waves into electrical signals and vice versa. Antenna design should consider the maximum power transfer capability and efficiency. For this purpose, the antenna feed impedance must be matched to the load resistance. The antenna feed impedance is a combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance. To ensure maximum power transfer conditions, the two impedances (load resistance and feed impedance) should be matched. This matching can be achieved by considering frequency requirements and antenna design parameters such as gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency.

[0057] In some contexts, the term "power supply / feeding circuit" narrowly refers to a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). A power supply circuit converts radio waves (e.g., RF signals) into electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). It is typically considered part of the RF component.

[0058] In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or, RF socket or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable to test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuitry or the radiator of the antenna. The RF front-end circuitry can be considered as the circuitry coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0059] In some embodiments, the radio frequency front-end circuit can be integrated into a radio frequency front-end chip in an electronic device, or the radio frequency front-end circuit and the transceiver can be integrated into a radio frequency chip in an electronic device.

[0060] It should be understood that any two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application can share the same transceiver, for example, by transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel (e.g., a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip) in a transceiver; they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, by processing signals through a switch or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0061] It should also be understood that the two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application typically correspond to two RF test sockets in an electronic device.

[0062] Feed line: Also called a transmission line, it refers to the connection line between the antenna's radio frequency chip and the radiator. Depending on the frequency and form, the transmission line can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves. The connection point on the radiator where it connects to the transmission line is usually called the feed point. Transmission lines include conductive transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, or microstrip lines. Depending on the implementation, transmission lines can include bracket antenna bodies or glass antenna bodies. Depending on the carrier, transmission lines can be made of liquid crystal polymer (LCP), flexible printed circuit boards (FPC), or printed circuit boards (PCBs).

[0063] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The resonant frequency can be a frequency range where the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB. The point of strongest resonance can be called the resonant point, and the frequency corresponding to the resonant point is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, when the antenna / radiator in this application generates "first / second...resonance," the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.

[0064] Resonant frequency band: The range of resonant frequencies is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristics at any frequency point within the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0065] Communication / Operating Frequency Band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, its operating frequency band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band. The width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency. The operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency. Bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (e.g., the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable range of the center frequency.

[0066] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or different, or their frequency ranges can partially overlap. In one embodiment, the resonant frequency band of the antenna can cover multiple operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0067] Phase shifter: Located between the radiator and the RF chip, on the connection line between them, it is used to adjust the phase of the signal fed into the radiator. Specifically, the phase of the signal fed into the radiator can be adjusted by changing the electrical length of the connection line between the radiator and the RF chip.

[0068] Medium wavelength: refers to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in a medium at the operating frequency band. For example, if the operating frequency band is [f1, f2], the corresponding medium wavelength is also the range [w1, w2]. Alternatively, to simplify calculations, the above-mentioned medium wavelength can also refer to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in the medium at the center frequency f0 of the operating frequency band. In this case, the medium wavelength is a specific value w0.

[0069] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0070] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0071] In one embodiment, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In one embodiment, the resonance shown in the S11 diagram within the range of -6dB can be understood as the resonant frequency / frequency range / operating frequency band generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna radiation efficiency; the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0072] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0073] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0074] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0075] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Both metal loss and dielectric loss are factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will understand that radiation efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the radiation efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0077] dB: This stands for decibel, a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. In other words, a 10-decibel difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20-decibel difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3-decibel difference is a 2-fold difference between the two quantities.

[0078] The term "end" in the context of the main radiator's first / second / third / fourth / grounded / open ends should not be narrowly interpreted as a point or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also refer to a segment of the main radiator including the first endpoint, which is the endpoint of the main radiator at the gap. For example, the first end of the main radiator can be considered a segment of the main radiator within a range of one-eighth of a first wavelength from the first endpoint. The first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the main radiator, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point. In one embodiment, "end / point" can include a connection / coupling region on the radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures. For example, a feed end / feed point can be a coupling region on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a feed structure (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed structure). Similarly, a ground end / grounding point can be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a ground structure.

[0079] Open and Closed Terminals: In some embodiments, open and closed terminals are defined relative to whether or not they are grounded; the closed terminal is grounded, and the open terminal is not grounded. In one embodiment, the open terminal may also be referred to as a floating terminal, a free terminal, an open terminal, or an open-circuit terminal. In one embodiment, the closed terminal may also be referred to as a grounded terminal or a short-circuit terminal. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open terminal to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0080] In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end are, for example, relative to other conductors, with the closed end electrically connected to other conductors and the open end not electrically connected to other conductors.

[0081] To put it simply, the "open end" of a radiator can be defined as one end of the radiator that is spaced apart from the floor or coupled to the floor through a capacitive device.

[0082] To put it simply, the "grounding terminal" of a radiator can be understood as: if one end of the radiator is directly connected to the floor or coupled to the floor through an inductive device, it can be regarded as the grounding terminal of the radiator.

[0083] In some embodiments, the understanding of "closed end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. A closed end or ground end can be understood as a point of high current or low electric field on a radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., inductive devices) through a closed end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field. In one embodiment, opening a slit at or near the closed end (e.g., filling the slit with insulating material) can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point of high current / low electric field.

[0084] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open terminal" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. An open terminal or a floating terminal can be understood as a point with a small current or a point with a large electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., capacitive devices) through an open terminal can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point with a small current or a large electric field.

[0085] It should be understood that when an electronic device (e.g., capacitor, inductor, etc.) is coupled at the radiator end of a gap (which, from the perspective of the radiator's structure, resembles a radiator at the opening of an open or suspended end), the radiator end can be a point with a large current / small electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0086] Capacitance: can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance includes capacitive components, such as capacitor elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) includes the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive components separated by a certain gap.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna (such as half-wavelength mode, etc.) can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiated signal in air can be calculated as follows: Wavelength = Speed ​​of light / Frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal. The wavelength of the radiated signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: , where ε is the relative permittivity of the medium and the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal.

[0088] Coupling: In this application, it can be understood as indirect coupling, and "coupled connection" can be understood as indirect coupling connection. "Indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors conducting electricity through a gap / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0089] The limitations mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as symmetry (e.g., axial symmetry, or central symmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, and similarity (e.g., same length, same width, etc.), are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict mathematical definitions. There can be a predetermined angular deviation between two mutually parallel or perpendicular structures. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold can be less than or equal to a threshold of 1 mm, for example, the predetermined threshold can be 0.5 mm or 0.1 mm. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle can be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, the predetermined angle deviation is ±5°.

[0090] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of this application, "perpendicular" means that there can be a predetermined angle deviation between the two. For example, the predetermined angle can be 85°, 86°, 87°, 88°, 89°, 90°, 91°, 92°, 93°, 94° or 95°, etc.

[0091] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of this application, "parallel" means that there can be a predetermined angular deviation between the two. For example, the predetermined angle can be 0°, 0.5°, 1°, 1.5°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 4.5°, or 5°, etc.

[0092] To facilitate understanding of the mobile terminal provided in this application embodiment, its application scenario is first introduced below. The mobile terminal in this application embodiment refers to a terminal device with communication functions. Specifically, it can refer to a mobile terminal employing one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The mobile terminal in this application embodiment may include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, and smart glasses, etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to these.

[0093] Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, a mobile phone is used as an example for explanation. Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the mobile terminal includes a cover 100, a display / module 200, a printed circuit board (PCB) 300, a middle frame 400, and a rear cover 500. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 100 may be a glass cover, or it may be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass cover, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cover, etc. In one embodiment, the cover 100, display 200, middle frame 400, and rear cover 500 can all be considered as part of the housing.

[0094] The cover plate 100 can be set close to the display screen 200, and can be mainly used to protect the display screen 200 from dust.

[0095] In one embodiment, the display screen 200 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0096] The 400mm mid-frame primarily serves to support the entire machine. Figure 1 The diagram shows PCB 300 positioned between the mid-frame 400 and the back cover 500. It should be understood that in one embodiment, PCB 300 may also be positioned between the mid-frame 400 and the display screen 200; this application does not impose any limitations on this. PCB 300 may be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric substrate, Rogers dielectric substrate, or a hybrid dielectric substrate of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric substrate is a high-frequency board. Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are mounted on PCB 300.

[0097] In one embodiment, PCB 300 may include a metal layer. This metal layer can be used to ground electronic components carried on PCB 300, or to ground other components such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. This metal layer may be referred to as a ground plane, grounding plate, or grounding layer. In one embodiment, this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric substrate in PCB 300. In one embodiment, the grounding metal layer may be located on the side of PCB 300 near the mid-frame 400. In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 300 can be considered as the edge of its grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal mid-frame 400 can also be used for grounding the aforementioned components. The mobile terminal may also have other ground planes / grounding plates, as previously described, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] The mobile terminal may also include a battery (not shown in the figure). The battery may be located between the middle frame 400 and the back cover 500, or between the middle frame 400 and the display screen 200; this application does not impose any limitations on this. In some embodiments, the PCB 300 is divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, and the battery may be located between the motherboard and the daughterboard. Specifically, the motherboard may be located between the middle frame 400 and the upper edge of the battery, and the daughterboard may be located between the middle frame 400 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0099] The mobile terminal may also include a frame 600, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The frame 600 may be disposed between the display screen 200 and the back cover 500 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the mobile terminal. The frame 600 may have four sides surrounding the display screen 200 to help secure the display screen 200. In one implementation, the frame 600 made of metal can be directly used as the metal frame of the mobile terminal, forming a metal frame appearance suitable for industrial design (ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 600 may also be made of a non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, forming a non-metallic frame appearance suitable for non-metallic ID.

[0100] The mid-frame 400 may include a border 600. The mid-frame 400, including the border 600, is a single unit that supports the electronic components within the device. The cover plate 100 and the rear cover 500 respectively cover the upper and lower edges of the border 600 to form the outer shell or housing of the mobile terminal. Alternatively, the border 600 may not be considered part of the mid-frame 400. In one embodiment, the border 600 may be connected to the mid-frame 400 and integrally formed. In another embodiment, the border 600 may include inwardly extending protrusions to connect with the mid-frame 400, for example, via spring clips, screws, welding, etc. In one embodiment, the cover plate 100, the rear cover 500, the border 600, and the mid-frame 400 may be collectively referred to as the outer shell or housing of the mobile terminal. It should be understood that "outer shell or housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 100, rear cover 500, frame 600 or middle frame 400, or to part or all of any combination of the cover plate 100, rear cover 500, frame 600 or middle frame 400.

[0101] The back cover 500 can be made of metal; it can also be made of non-conductive materials, such as glass or plastic; or it can be made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0102] In one embodiment, the frame 600 can at least partially function as a radiator to transmit / receive radio frequency signals. This portion of the frame acting as the radiator may have gaps between itself and other parts of the middle frame 400, or between itself and the middle frame 400, thereby ensuring a good radiation environment for the radiator. In one embodiment, an aperture may be provided near this portion of the frame acting as the radiator. In one embodiment, the aperture may include an aperture disposed inside the mobile terminal, for example, an aperture not visible from the exterior of the mobile terminal. In one embodiment, the internal aperture may be formed by any one or multiple of the middle frame 400, battery, PCB 300, back cover 500, display screen 200, and other internal conductive components; for example, the internal aperture may be formed by a structural component of the middle frame 400. In one embodiment, the aperture may also include a gap / slit / opening on the frame 600. In one embodiment, the gap / slit / opening on the frame 600 may be a slit formed on the frame 600, at which the frame 600 is divided into two parts without a direct connection. In one embodiment, the aperture may further include a slit / gap / aperture provided on the back cover 500 or the display screen 200. In one embodiment, the back cover 500 includes a conductive material, and the aperture provided in the conductive material may communicate with a slit or gap in the frame to form a continuous aperture on the surface of the mobile terminal.

[0103] In one embodiment, the radiator of the mobile terminal may also be disposed within the frame 600. The frame 600 comprises a non-conductive material, and the radiator of the antenna may be located within the mobile terminal and disposed along the frame 600, or the radiator may be at least partially embedded within the non-conductive material of the frame. In one embodiment, the radiator is disposed close to the non-conductive material of the frame 600 to minimize the volume occupied by the radiator and to be closer to the outside of the mobile terminal, thereby achieving better signal transmission performance. It should be noted that "disposed close to the frame 600" means that the radiator can be disposed tightly against the frame 600 or close to the frame 600, for example, there may be a small gap between the radiator and the frame 600.

[0104] In one embodiment, the radiator of the mobile terminal may also be disposed within the housing, such as a bracket antenna disposed on a circuit board. Figure 1(Not shown in the image). A gap may exist between the radiator located within the casing and other conductive components inside the casing to ensure a good radiation environment for the radiator. In one embodiment, an aperture may be provided near the radiator. In one embodiment, the aperture may include an aperture located inside the mobile terminal, for example, an aperture not visible from the exterior of the mobile terminal. In one embodiment, the internal aperture may be formed by any one or more of the frame 600, mid-frame 400, battery, PCB 300, back cover 500, display screen 200, and other internal conductive components; for example, the internal aperture may be formed by a structural component of the mid-frame 400. In one embodiment, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the frame 600. In one embodiment, the slot / slit / opening on the frame 600 may be a slit formed on the frame, dividing the frame 600 into two parts without a direct connection. In one embodiment, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the back cover 500 or the display screen 200. In one embodiment, the back cover 500 includes a conductive material, and the apertures formed in the conductive material can communicate with the slots or gaps in the frame to form continuous apertures on the surface of the mobile terminal. In one embodiment, the apertures on the back cover 500 or the display screen can also be used to house other devices, such as cameras, and / or sensors, and / or microphones, and / or speakers, etc.

[0105] In one embodiment, the antenna can be based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) antenna, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA), among other forms. In another embodiment, the antenna can be a transparent or semi-transparent structure embedded within the screen of the mobile terminal, making it a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of the mobile terminal.

[0106] Figure 1 The images only schematically illustrate some of the components included in the mobile terminal; the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 limited.

[0107] As discussed above regarding mobile terminals, antennas are a crucial component for communication. Because the anti-interference capability of antenna signals varies across different communication scenarios, antennas may fail to meet the communication requirements of mobile terminals in certain situations. Using a mobile phone as an example, when the mobile terminal is placed in a pocket or backpack—that is, close to the body—the Bluetooth signal may weaken when communicating with a Bluetooth headset worn on the ear. This can cause communication interruptions or even disconnections between the mobile terminal and the headset.

[0108] In one possible embodiment of this application, a scenario where a mobile terminal is placed in a pocket is simulated by aligning a dipole antenna parallel to and close to the human body material, for example, by making the distance between the dipole antenna and the human body material less than or equal to 2 mm. Here, the human body material refers to an artificial material whose electromagnetic properties are similar to those of human tissue.

[0109] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution when the dipole antenna is close to the human body material. Because the dipole antenna 10 and the human body material 20 are strongly coupled when they are close together, the electric field generated by the dipole antenna 10 will be a normal electric field perpendicular to the surface of the human body material 20, and will extend to the side away from the human body material 20 to form a creeping wave.

[0110] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna when it is close to the human body material. Since the energy on the dipole antenna 10 is transferred along the current direction from the feed point to the end of the dipole antenna 10 away from the feed point, and then spreads outward in the form of a creeping wave, the electric field at the end of the dipole antenna is the strongest, so its radiation pattern gain is the highest, the creeping wave is also the strongest, and the current direction is the same as the direction of the creeping wave.

[0111] Additionally, refer to Figure 4a and Figure 4b , Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the electric field vector of a dipole antenna placed close to the human body. Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field vector of a dipole antenna placed close to the human body. Then, according to... Figure 4a The electric field shown and Figure 4b As can be seen from the direction of the magnetic field vector, on the surface of the human body material 20, the Poynting vector points along the direction of the current towards both ends of the dipole antenna 10.

[0112] It can be understood that when a crawling wave propagates in a certain direction to the boundary of the human body material 20, it will continue to radiate into the air in that direction. This means that the gain of the radiation pattern on the surface of the human body material 20 in that direction corresponds to the strength of the crawling wave; that is, the radiation pattern gain is high in the direction of a strong crawling wave and low in the direction of a weak crawling wave. Therefore, the strength and direction of the crawling wave can be predicted using the radiation pattern on the surface of the human body material 20.

[0113] Similarly, when a mobile device is placed in a pocket, its antenna is also close to the body, and the energy generated by the antenna is transmitted along the surface of the body in the form of a crawling wave. In order to achieve communication between the mobile device placed in the pocket and the Bluetooth headset worn in the ear, the crawling wave needs to be directed towards the head, that is, the current needs to be directed towards the head, and the radiation pattern also needs to be directed towards the head.

[0114] In this application, the signal strength received by the antenna is characterized by the isolation between the antenna of the mobile terminal and the antenna of the Bluetooth headset, and the magnitude of the isolation between the antenna of the mobile terminal and the antenna of the Bluetooth headset is determined by the creeping wave intensity of the antenna of the mobile terminal or the Bluetooth headset. Assuming that the external interference signal is uniformly distributed, the strength of the interference signal is determined by the efficiency. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna can be represented by the intensity of the creeping wave minus the antenna efficiency, where the intensity of the creeping wave is characterized by the gain of the radiation pattern pointing towards the human head.

[0115] Therefore, it can be understood that in scenarios where the mobile terminal is placed in a pocket, improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the mobile terminal can enhance the communication performance between the mobile terminal and the Bluetooth headset. As explained above, changing the intensity of the creeping wave, or adjusting the current distribution of the antenna, can improve the antenna's SNR.

[0116] In view of this, the mobile terminal provided in this application improves the communication performance of the mobile terminal by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna. To facilitate understanding of the solution provided in this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0117] Since the current distribution of an antenna typically changes under different operating modes, this application allows for the adjustment of the antenna's current distribution by switching its operating mode, thereby regulating the antenna's signal-to-noise ratio and improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0118] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. The mobile terminal includes an antenna structure, which includes multiple radiators, for example in... Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of radiators includes a first radiator 1 and a second radiator 2.

[0119] Additionally, you can continue to refer to Figure 5 In this application, multiple radiators of the antenna structure are disposed on the frame 600, so that the internal space occupied by the antenna structure in the mobile terminal is small, thereby reserving space for the placement of other devices in the mobile terminal, which is conducive to realizing the functional diversification of the mobile terminal.

[0120] Since Bluetooth signal transmission and reception are time-division multiplexing, the anti-interference capability of the communication link between the mobile terminal and the Bluetooth headset can be improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of the mobile terminal's antenna structure in the reception time slot.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, the antenna structure can be used to receive signals in a first frequency band, such as the Bluetooth band, to enable communication between a mobile terminal and a Bluetooth headset. Additionally, the mobile terminal may include a switch for switching the operating mode of the antenna structure. Specifically, during the receiving time slot, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the antenna structure operating in the first mode is less than the SNR of the antenna structure operating in the second mode, the switch can control the antenna structure to operate in the second mode.

[0122] It is worth mentioning that, in some embodiments of this application, the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure can also be represented by the packet loss rate of the signal receiving link. That is, the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure when it is operating in the first mode is less than the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure when it is operating in the second mode, which means that the packet loss rate of the signal receiving link when the antenna structure is operating in the first mode is greater than the packet loss rate of the signal receiving link when the antenna structure is operating in the second mode.

[0123] This allows the antenna structure to be switched to the mode with the highest signal-to-noise ratio by comparing the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure when it is working in different modes during the receiving time slot. This improves the signal reception performance of the mobile terminal and enhances the connection stability of the communication link between the mobile terminal and the Bluetooth headset.

[0124] This application does not limit the specific configuration of the antenna structure. For example, refer to... Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the antenna structure includes multiple radiators, including a first radiator 1 and a second radiator 2. The first radiator 1 includes a first open end 101, and the second radiator 2 includes a second open end 201. The first open end 101 and the second open end 201 are separated by a gap. Additionally, the first radiator 1 includes a first feed point 102, thus the first radiator 1 can serve as a main feed radiator. Furthermore, the antenna structure also includes a first tuning circuit 3, and the second radiator 2 is coupled to the first tuning circuit 3. The first tuning circuit 3 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the second radiator 2.

[0125] In some embodiments of this application, the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can be used to support the antenna structure operating in a first mode or a second mode. Specifically, the first tuning circuit 3 can include a first tuning branch, a second tuning branch, and a first control switch. The first control switch can be used to switch the first tuning branch and the second tuning branch, so that the second radiator 2 is coupled to the corresponding tuning branch, thereby causing the second radiator 2 to resonate at a corresponding frequency.

[0126] It is understood that in this application, the second radiator 2 can serve as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator 1, so that when the second radiator 2 generates resonances at different frequencies, the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can influence the operating mode of the antenna structure. For example, in some embodiments of this application, when the first control switch controls the coupling of the first tuning branch with the second radiator 2, the antenna structure operates in the first mode. And when the first control switch controls the coupling of the second tuning branch with the second radiator 2, the antenna structure operates in the second mode.

[0127] This application does not limit the specific configuration of the tuning circuit. For example, in some embodiments, the first tuning branch may include at least one of a capacitor and an inductor, and the second tuning branch may also include at least one of a capacitor and an inductor, but the equivalent capacitance or equivalent inductance values ​​of the first tuning branch and the second tuning branch are different.

[0128] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Similar to the above... Figure 6 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above in that... Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, the first tuning circuit 3 is also coupled to the first radiator 1, that is, the first tuning circuit 3 is coupled to both the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 simultaneously across the gap between the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2.

[0129] Understandably, in Figure 7In the illustrated embodiment, one of the first and second tuning branches may be open-circuited. That is, the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can be connected as a whole through the first tuning circuit 3, or the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can operate independently. In both cases, the antenna structure can operate in different modes.

[0130] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 Compared to the antenna structure shown, in Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the first radiator 1 further includes a first ground terminal 103, wherein the distance from the first feed point 102 to the first open terminal 101 is less than the distance from the first feed point 102 to the first ground terminal 103. This is beneficial for improving the coupling effect between the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2, thereby enabling the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 to have a significant impact on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0131] Also refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Similar to the above... Figure 9 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above in that... Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the second radiator 2 further includes a second ground terminal 202, wherein the distance from the first tuning circuit 3 to the second open terminal 201 is less than the distance from the first tuning circuit 3 to the second ground terminal 202. This can help increase the adjustment range of the resonant frequency of the second radiator 2 by the first tuning circuit 3, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0132] Figure 10 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Similar to the above... Figure 9 Compared to the embodiments shown, in Figure 10 In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna structure further includes a third radiator 4, wherein the first radiator 1 is located between the third radiator 4 and the second radiator 2. The third radiator 4 includes a third open end 401 and a third ground end 402, with the third ground end 402 being closer to the first ground end 103 relative to the third open end 401. Furthermore... Figure 10 In the embodiment shown, it can be understood that the third grounding terminal 402 of the third radiator 4 is connected to the first grounding terminal 103 of the first radiator 1.

[0133] You can continue to refer to Figure 10In some embodiments of this application, when the antenna structure mainly utilizes the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2, the second radiator 2 can act as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator 1, and the antenna architecture formed by the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can be considered as a slot antenna. When the antenna structure mainly utilizes the first radiator 1 and the third radiator 4, the third radiator 4 can act as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator 1, and the antenna architecture formed by the first radiator 1 and the third radiator 4 can be considered as a line antenna. Since the operating modes of slot antennas and line antennas are usually different, switching between the two antenna architectures can be considered to achieve the switching of the antenna structure's operating mode.

[0134] In one possible embodiment of this application, when the first control switch controls the coupling of the first tuning branch with the second radiator 2, the second radiator is disconnected from the ground through the first tuning branch, and the antenna structure operates in the first mode. It is understood that in this embodiment, the first mode can be a mode formed by the coupling of the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2.

[0135] When the first control switch controls the coupling of the second tuning branch with the second radiator 2, the second radiator 2 is coupled to the ground through the first tuning branch. This can be understood as short-circuiting the second radiator 2, and the antenna structure operates in the second mode. It can be understood that in this embodiment, the second mode can be a mode formed by the coupling of the first radiator 1 and the third radiator 4.

[0136] Based on this, it can be understood that in the above Figure 10 In the embodiment shown, the switching of different branches of the first tuning circuit 3 can still be achieved by using the first control switch to switch the working mode of the antenna structure, and the implementation method is relatively simple.

[0137] Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Similar to the above... Figure 10 Compared to the embodiments shown, in Figure 11 In the embodiment shown, the antenna structure further includes a second tuning circuit 5, which is coupled to a third radiator 4. The second tuning circuit 5 can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the third radiator 4 so that the third radiator 4 can act as a parasitic radiator of the first radiator 1, thereby significantly affecting the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0138] It is worth mentioning that the above embodiments are only described using two operating modes in which the first radiator 1, the second radiator 2, and the third radiator 4 can form an antenna structure. However, it should be understood that in some embodiments of this application, through reasonable design, such as by specifically designing each branch of the first tuning circuit 3 and the second tuning circuit 5, the first radiator 1, the second radiator 2, and the third radiator 4 can support the antenna structure to operate in more modes, which is beneficial to improving the communication performance of the antenna structure.

[0139] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of possible configurations of the antenna structure provided in this application. Based on these, a series of adaptive adjustments can be made to the specific configuration according to actual design needs. These adjustments will not be listed here, as long as the antenna structure can operate in a mode where the received signal strength of the first frequency band is relatively strong.

[0140] This application does not limit the specific location of the radiator of the antenna structure within the frame of the mobile terminal. In some embodiments of this application, the mobile terminal typically includes multiple frames, for example, in... Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, the mobile terminal includes a first border 6001 and a second border 6002 disposed opposite to each other. The first border 6001 includes a connector interface 60011, which can be exemplarily a universal serial bus (USB) interface. Therefore, in this application, the first border 6001 can be defined as the bottom border of the mobile terminal, and the second border 6002 disposed opposite to the bottom border can be defined as the top border of the mobile terminal.

[0141] In some embodiments of this application, the first open end 101 of the first radiator 1 and the second open end 201 of the second radiator 2 can be disposed on the second frame 6002, that is, on the top frame. Thus, when, for example, the top or bottom frame of a mobile terminal points towards a Bluetooth headset worn on the ear—that is, when the top or bottom frame is closer to the Bluetooth headset than other frames—if the signal-to-noise ratio is high when the antenna structure operates in the mode formed by the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2, the antenna structure can operate primarily in the mode formed by the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2.

[0142] Figure 12 This only illustrates one possible configuration of the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 in a mobile terminal. In addition, the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 can also be configured according to any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here. Furthermore, in Figure 12In the illustrated embodiment, the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 are completely located on the second border 6002. However, in some embodiments of this application, at least a portion of the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2 may be located on other borders.

[0143] Furthermore, when the antenna structure also includes the aforementioned third radiator 4, the grounding terminal of the third radiator 4 can also be located on the top bezel. In this way, the first radiator 1, the second radiator 2, and the third radiator 4 can all be used to receive signals from the top or bottom bezel of the mobile terminal. Therefore, in scenarios where the top or bottom bezel of the mobile terminal points towards the Bluetooth headset, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the antenna structure operating in different modes formed by the first radiator 1, the second radiator 2, and the third radiator 4 can be compared to ensure the antenna structure operates in a mode with a higher SNR, thereby improving the communication effect between the mobile terminal and the Bluetooth headset.

[0144] Because the orientation of the various edges of a mobile terminal is uncertain when it is placed in a pocket or backpack, besides the situation described in the above embodiments where the top or bottom edge faces the Bluetooth headset worn on the ear, there are also situations where other edges of the mobile terminal face the Bluetooth headset. Based on this, in some embodiments of this application, the radiators of the antenna structure can be placed on other edges of the mobile terminal, allowing the antenna structure to operate in a mode formed by these radiators. This increases the number of operating modes of the antenna structure, which is beneficial for meeting the communication requirements of the mobile terminal at different placement angles.

[0145] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is another structural schematic diagram of a mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the mobile terminal further includes a third frame 6003, and the first frame 6001 and the second frame 6002 are connected through the third frame 6003. The third frame 6003 can be defined as the side frame of the mobile terminal.

[0146] In addition, the antenna structure may include a fourth radiator 6 and a fifth radiator 7. The fourth radiator 6 includes a fourth open end 601, and the fifth radiator 7 includes a fifth open end 701. The fourth open end 601 and the fifth open end 701 are separated by a gap, and the fourth open end 601 of the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth open end 701 of the fifth radiator 7 are disposed on the third frame 6003.

[0147] You can continue to refer to Figure 13In some embodiments, the fourth radiator 6 includes a second feed point 602, meaning the fourth radiator 6 can serve as a main feed radiator. Based on this, it can be understood that in these embodiments, the antenna structure can include a first antenna with the first radiator 1 as the main feed radiator and a second antenna with the fourth radiator 6 as the main feed radiator, and both the first and second antennas can be used to receive signals in the first frequency band. Since the first and second antennas are respectively disposed on different frames of the mobile terminal, when the mobile terminal is placed at different angles, the signal-to-noise ratios of the first and second antennas can be compared, allowing the mobile terminal to utilize the antenna with the higher signal-to-noise ratio for receiving the first signal, thereby improving the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0148] like Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the antenna structure further includes a third tuning circuit 8, which is coupled to the fifth radiator 7. The third tuning circuit 8 includes a third tuning branch, a fourth tuning branch, and a third control switch. When the third control switch controls the coupling of the third tuning branch to the fifth radiator 7, the antenna structure operates in a third mode. When the third control switch controls the coupling of the fourth tuning branch to the fifth radiator 7, the antenna structure operates in a fourth mode. This can also be understood as the second antenna operating in either the third or fourth mode.

[0149] This allows for comparison of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the antenna structure operating in different modes. For example, if the SNR of the antenna structure operating in the first, second, or third mode is less than the SNR of the antenna structure operating in the fourth mode, the switching switch can be used to control the antenna structure to operate in the fourth mode, which means that the antenna structure operates in the mode with the highest SNR, thereby improving the communication performance of the antenna structure.

[0150] This application does not limit the specific configuration of the second antenna; it can be configured, for example, by referring to the configuration of the first antenna. For example, in... Figure 14 In the illustrated embodiment, the third tuning circuit 8 is also coupled to the fourth radiator 6, meaning that the third tuning circuit crosses the gap between the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7, simultaneously coupling to both. In these embodiments, one of the third and fourth tuning branches may also be open-circuited. That is, the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7 can be connected as a single unit via the third tuning circuit 8, or the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7 can operate independently. In both cases, the antenna structure can operate in different modes.

[0151] In some embodiments of this application, reference may be made to Figure 15 , Figure 15 This is another structural schematic diagram of the mobile terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 13Compared to the embodiments shown, in Figure 15 In this configuration, the fourth radiator 6 may further include a fourth ground terminal 603, wherein the distance from the second feed point 602 to the fourth open terminal 601 is less than the distance from the second feed point 602 to the fourth ground terminal 603. This is to improve the coupling effect between the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7, thereby enabling the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7 to have a significant impact on the third and fourth modes of the antenna structure.

[0152] In other embodiments of this application, such as in Figure 16 In the illustrated embodiment, the fifth radiator 7 further includes a fifth ground terminal 702, wherein the distance from the third tuning circuit 8 to the fifth open terminal 701 is less than the distance from the third tuning circuit 8 to the fifth ground terminal 702. This can help increase the adjustment range of the resonant frequency of the fifth radiator 7 by the third tuning circuit 8, thereby improving the adjustment effect on the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0153] In some embodiments, such as in Figure 17 In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna structure may further include a sixth radiator 9, wherein a fourth radiator 6 is located between a fifth radiator 7 and a sixth radiator 9, and the sixth radiator 9 includes a sixth open terminal 901 and a sixth ground terminal 902, with the sixth ground terminal 902 being closer to the fourth ground terminal 603 relative to the sixth open terminal 901. In some embodiments, the fourth radiator 6 and the fifth radiator 7 may be used, for example, to form a third mode, and the fourth radiator 6 and the sixth radiator 9 may be used, for example, to form a fourth mode.

[0154] In other embodiments of this application, the antenna structure may further include a fourth tuning circuit 11, which is coupled to the sixth radiator 9. The distance from the fourth tuning circuit 11 to the sixth open terminal 901 is less than the distance from the fourth tuning circuit 11 to the sixth ground terminal 902. The fourth tuning circuit 11 can then be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the sixth radiator 9, so that the sixth radiator 9 can act as a parasitic radiator of the fourth radiator 6, thereby significantly influencing the operating mode of the antenna structure.

[0155] It is worth mentioning that the above embodiments are only described using two operating modes in which the fourth radiator 6, the fifth radiator 7, and the sixth radiator 9 can form an antenna structure. However, it should be understood that in some embodiments of this application, through reasonable design, such as by specifically designing each branch of the third tuning circuit 8 and the fourth tuning circuit 11, the fourth radiator 6, the fifth radiator 7, and the sixth radiator 9 can support the antenna structure to operate in more modes, which is beneficial to improving the communication performance of the antenna structure.

[0156] This application does not specifically limit the length of each radiator, which can be exemplary to be less than or equal to one-quarter of the signal wavelength of the first frequency band. In one possible embodiment, the length of at least one radiator can be greater than or equal to one-eighth of the signal wavelength of the first frequency band and less than or equal to one-quarter of the signal wavelength of the first frequency band. This allows each radiator to be used for receiving signals in the first frequency band.

[0157] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of possible antenna structure configurations provided in this application. Based on these, a series of adaptive adjustments can be made to the specific configuration according to actual design needs. For example, the number and configuration of the radiators in the antenna structure can be adjusted, or the tuning branches of each tuning circuit can be specifically designed, so that the antenna structure can operate in more modes. These will not be listed exhaustively here; the key is to ensure that the antenna structure can operate in a mode with a high signal-to-noise ratio to improve the communication performance of the mobile terminal.

[0158] After understanding the design principles of the antenna structure provided in this application, the specific applications of the antenna structure provided in this application will be explained in conjunction with specific scenarios.

[0159] Taking a mobile phone as an example, firstly, in the scenario where the mobile phone is placed vertically in a pocket, that is, inserted into the pocket along the direction from the first frame 6001 to the second frame 6002, and the first frame 6001 is closer to the ear than the second frame 6002, the radiation pattern formed on the surface of the human body material 20 when the antenna structure is operating in different modes can be referred to Figures 18a to 18h .in, Figures 18a to 18d This is the radiation pattern formed by the antenna structure set on the side frame when the antenna operates in different modes. Figures 18e to 18h This is the radiation pattern formed by the antenna structure set on the top frame when the antenna operates in different modes.

[0160] As explained above, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a mobile terminal's antenna structure can be represented by subtracting the efficiency from the antenna structure's gain. Figures 18a to 18h In the diagram, marker 1 represents the gain of the antenna structure when the mobile terminal is placed vertically in a pocket. Furthermore, due to... Figures 18a to 18h In the embodiments shown, the mobile terminals are all positioned close to the human body, so their efficiency can be considered the same. Therefore, by... Figures 18a to 18h The gain comparison at point 1 in the middle is understandable. Figure 18g The antenna structure shown exhibits the highest signal-to-noise ratio, reaching approximately 2.8 dB. Additionally, Figure 18f , Figure 18a , Figure 18b and Figure 18d The antenna structure in the shown mode has a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, while Figure 18c , Figure 18h and Figure 18e The antenna structure shown has a lower signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the antenna structure can be switched to... Figure 18g Operating in the mode shown, this helps reduce the interference resistance of the antenna structure when communicating with the Bluetooth headset worn on the human ear, thereby achieving stable signal transmission between the antenna structure and the Bluetooth headset worn on the human ear.

[0161] Additionally, in scenarios where the mobile terminal is placed horizontally, i.e., when the side bezels of the mobile terminal are closer to the user's ear than the top and bottom bezels, the radiation pattern formed on the human body surface when the antenna structure operates in different modes can also be referenced. Figures 18a to 18h .exist Figures 18a to 18h In the diagram, marker 2 represents the gain of the antenna structure in the scenario where the mobile terminal is placed horizontally in a pocket. Then, by... Figures 18a to 18h The gain comparison at point 2 in the middle is understandable. Figure 18c and Figure 18h The antenna structure shown exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio in this mode. Additionally, Figure 18f , Figure 18b and Figure 18e The antenna structure in the shown mode has a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, while Figure 18a , Figure 18d and Figure 18g The antenna structure shown has a lower signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the antenna structure can be switched to... Figure 18c or Figure 18h Operating in the mode shown, this helps reduce the interference resistance of the antenna structure when communicating with the Bluetooth headset worn on the human ear, thereby achieving stable signal transmission between the antenna structure and the Bluetooth headset worn on the human ear.

[0162] As can be understood from the above comparison of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the antenna structure operating in different modes under different scenarios, in some embodiments of this application, the placement angle of the mobile terminal can also be associated with the mode with a higher SNR at that angle. For example, the correspondence can be displayed in a list. This can be achieved by setting sensors in the mobile terminal, such as gravity sensors or other sensors capable of determining the placement angle of the mobile terminal, to determine the placement method of the mobile terminal based on the angle measured by the sensors. Then, by looking up a table, the corresponding mode that results in a higher SNR for the antenna structure can be found, and a switch can be used to switch the antenna structure to operate in that mode to ensure the communication performance of the antenna structure.

[0163] The antenna structure design of the mobile terminal provided in this application reduces the anti-interference capability of the antenna structure when receiving signals by making the antenna structure work in a mode with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This helps to improve the stability of the communication link connection between the mobile terminal and communication devices such as Bluetooth headsets, thereby reducing the risk of disconnection between the mobile terminal and the communication device and improving the user experience.

[0164] In the above embodiments of this application, the anti-interference design of the antenna structure provided in this application is introduced using communication between a mobile terminal and a Bluetooth headset as an example. This design is also applicable to communication between a mobile terminal and other wearable devices such as virtual reality (VR) glasses or smartwatches, or for communication between a mobile terminal and some non-wearable devices. Furthermore, in this application, the first frequency band can also be a frequency band other than the Bluetooth band, to improve the anti-interference capability of the mobile terminal when transmitting signals from other frequency bands.

[0165] It is worth mentioning that, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0166] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A mobile terminal, comprising a frame, the frame being disposed circumferentially around the mobile terminal, characterized in that, The mobile terminal further includes an antenna structure and a switching switch. The antenna structure includes multiple radiators disposed on the frame, wherein: The antenna structure is used to receive signals in the first frequency band, and during the receiving time slot, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure when operating in the first mode is less than the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure when operating in the second mode, the switching switch controls the antenna structure to operate in the second mode.

2. The mobile terminal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a first tuning circuit, and the plurality of radiators include a first radiator and a second radiator. The first radiator includes a first open end, and the second radiator includes a second open end. The first open end and the second open end are separated by a gap. The first radiator includes a first feed point, and the second radiator is coupled to the first tuning circuit. The first tuning circuit includes a first tuning branch, a second tuning branch, and a first control switch. When the first control switch controls the first tuning branch to couple with the second radiator, the antenna structure operates in the first mode. When the first control switch controls the second tuning branch to couple with the second radiator, the antenna structure operates in the second mode.

3. The mobile terminal as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first tuning circuit is also coupled to the first radiator.

4. The mobile terminal as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The second radiator also includes a second ground terminal, and the distance from the first tuning circuit to the second open terminal is less than the distance from the first tuning circuit to the second ground terminal.

5. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The first radiator further includes a first grounding terminal, and the distance from the first feed point to the first open terminal is less than the distance from the first feed point to the first grounding terminal.

6. The mobile terminal as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The plurality of radiators also includes a third radiator, wherein the first radiator is located between the second radiator and the third radiator, and the third radiator includes a third open end and a third ground end, wherein the third ground end is closer to the first ground end relative to the third open end.

7. The mobile terminal as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mobile terminal also includes a floor. When the first control switch controls the first tuning branch to couple with the second radiator, the second radiator disconnects from the floor through the first tuning branch. When the first control switch controls the second tuning branch to couple with the second radiator, the second radiator couples with the floor through the first tuning branch.

8. The mobile terminal as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a second tuning circuit, which is coupled to the third radiator. The distance from the second tuning circuit to the third open terminal is less than the distance from the second tuning circuit to the third ground terminal.

9. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The frame includes a first frame and a second frame disposed opposite to each other. The first frame includes a connector interface, and the first open end of the first radiator and the second open end of the second radiator are disposed on the second frame.

10. The mobile terminal as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The border also includes a third border, through which the first border and the second border are connected; The antenna structure further includes a third tuning circuit, and the plurality of radiators further includes a fourth radiator and a fifth radiator. The fourth radiator includes a fourth open terminal, and the fifth radiator includes a fifth open terminal. The fourth open terminal and the fifth open terminal are separated by a gap, and the fourth open terminal and the fifth open terminal are disposed on the third frame. The fourth radiator includes a second feed point, and the fifth radiator is coupled to the third tuning circuit. The third tuning circuit includes a third tuning branch, a fourth tuning branch, and a third control switch. When the third control switch controls the third tuning branch to couple with the fifth radiator, the antenna structure operates in the third mode; when the third control switch controls the fourth tuning branch to couple with the fifth radiator, the antenna structure operates in the fourth mode. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna structure is less than that of the antenna structure when it is operating in the first mode, the second mode, or the third mode, the switching switch controls the antenna structure to operate in the fourth mode.

11. The mobile terminal as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The third tuning circuit is also coupled to the fourth radiator.

12. The mobile terminal as described in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The fifth radiator also includes a fifth ground terminal, and the distance from the third tuning circuit to the fifth open terminal is less than the distance from the third tuning circuit to the fifth ground terminal.

13. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, The fourth radiator further includes a fourth grounding terminal, and the distance from the second feed point to the fourth open terminal is less than the distance from the second feed point to the fourth grounding terminal.

14. The mobile terminal as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The plurality of radiators also includes a sixth radiator, the fourth radiator being located between the fifth and sixth radiators, the sixth radiator including a sixth open end and a sixth ground end, the sixth ground end being closer to the fifth ground end relative to the sixth open end.

15. The mobile terminal as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a fourth tuning circuit, which is coupled to the sixth radiator. The distance from the fourth tuning circuit to the sixth open terminal is less than the distance from the fourth tuning circuit to the sixth ground terminal.

16. The mobile terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The first frequency band is the Bluetooth frequency band.

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