A looped radiating body, antenna structure, housing assembly and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a loop radiator, an antenna structure, a shell assembly and an electronic device, which are used to realize a magnetic dipole on a loop radiator with a diameter close to or greater than a working wavelength, so as to improve the gain of the loop radiator. The loop radiator is provided with a first slot and a second slot, and the first slot and the second slot divide the loop radiator into a first branch and a second branch. The electrical length of each of the first branch and the second branch is within the range of λ / 2±λ / 8, and λ is the working wavelength of the antenna structure. The loop radiator is used to generate a first current on the first branch and a second current on the second branch, the first current flows from the first slot to the second slot, and the second current flows from the second slot to the first slot. In this case, the loop radiator can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole. The loop radiator is applied to the antenna structure, and the complementary of the antenna directional diagram can be used to realize more stable radiation performance of the antenna structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly to a ring radiator, antenna structure, housing assembly, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of communication equipment technology, electronic devices support an increasing number of communication standards. To adapt to multi-network systems, existing electronic devices require the design of multiple antennas. However, consumer demand for miniaturized and thinner electronic devices continues to grow. To reduce the space occupied by antennas in electronic devices, using a metal frame as the antenna radiator has become a common design in current technology. On the one hand, the space available for integrating the antenna radiator on the metal frame is very limited. On the other hand, using the metal frame as the antenna radiator can easily degrade antenna performance when the device is held in the hand. How to rationally arrange the antenna layout to meet the demand for miniaturized and thinner electronic devices is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a ring radiator, an antenna structure including the ring radiator, a housing assembly including the antenna structure, and an electronic device including the housing assembly, which can improve the layout of the antenna structure in the electronic device and promote the miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a ring radiator with a first slit and a second slit, which divide the ring radiator into two segments, namely a first segment and a second segment. The electrical length of each segment is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. The first segment has a first feed terminal located at the end of the first segment facing the first slit.

[0006] The ring radiator provided in this application embodiment can be disposed on the back cover of an electronic device, alleviating the problem of limited space for integrating antenna radiators on a metal frame, improving the layout of the antenna structure in the electronic device, and promoting the miniaturization of the electronic device. Furthermore, the ring radiator is divided into a first stub and a second stub by a first slit and a second slit. The first stub has a first feed terminal located at the end of the first stub facing the first slit. This first feed terminal is used to electrically connect to a feed source, allowing electromagnetic waves to propagate along the first stub. Since the electrical length of the first stub is λ / 2 ± λ / 8, and the first feed terminal is located at the end of the first stub facing the first slit, the electrical length from the first feed terminal to the first slit is approximately equal to the electrical length of the first stub. When the electromagnetic wave propagates along the first stub, both the current and voltage change periodically in a sinusoidal or cosine manner. On the first stub, the electromagnetic wave propagates from the first feed terminal to the second slit with an electrical length of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, requiring half a cycle. Furthermore, current cannot pass through the first feed end and the end of the first stub facing the second gap, therefore the current is minimal. According to the law of conservation of energy, the voltage is maximum at the location of minimum current. The electrical length of the distance between the midpoint of the first stub and the first feed end is approximately λ / 4. The electromagnetic wave travels an electrical length of λ / 4 at the midpoint of the first stub, requiring 1 / 4 of a cycle. The current is at the trough of the wave, where it is maximum. According to the law of conservation of energy, the voltage is minimum at the location of maximum current. The current flows from the first feed end, through the midpoint of the first stub, and then to the end of the first stub facing the second gap; the current in the first stub flows in the same direction. Because the electrical length of the second stub is also λ / 2 ± λ / 8, and both the first and second stubs are part of a ring radiator, they have similar sizes and shapes. The first and second stubs of the ring radiator exhibit symmetry or approximately symmetry. Because the second stub and the first stub are separated by the first and second slots, the distance between the first and second stubs is relatively close. The first stub can be used to couple and feed the second stub, generating an induced current on it. Furthermore, because the first and second stubs of the ring radiator have symmetry or near-symmetry, electromagnetic waves propagating on the ring will generate a stable standing wave mode, resulting in the induced current in the second stub having the same direction as the current in the first stub. Since the current directions on the first and second stubs are the same, the current directions on the ring radiator are also the same, and the ring radiator can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipoles have wide applications; for example, they can be combined with electric dipoles in an antenna structure to achieve more stable radiation performance and a wider impedance bandwidth through complementary antenna patterns. The electrical length of each stub in the first and second stubs is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, therefore the electrical length of the ring radiator is 0.75λ-1.25λ, meaning the electrical length of the ring radiator is close to the operating wavelength.Compared to a ring radiator whose electrical length is much smaller than the operating wavelength, the antenna structure provided in this application has a larger electrical length and a larger physical length, thereby providing higher gain.

[0007] In some embodiments, the ring radiator further includes a first tuning circuit. The first tuning circuit is coupled to the end of the first stub facing the second gap, and also coupled to the end of the second stub facing the second gap. Thus, the first tuning circuit can be a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination of capacitor and inductor. The first tuning circuit can adjust the current distribution on the ring radiator, making it easier to achieve unidirectional current on the ring radiator, thereby making the ring radiator equivalent to a magnetic dipole.

[0008] In some embodiments, the ring radiator includes a first feed plate, which is stacked with a first feed terminal, and a first gap H1 is provided between the first feed plate and the first feed terminal so that the first feed terminal can be coupled and fed through the first feed plate. In this way, by adjusting the size of the first gap H1, the energy transmitted from the first feed plate to the first feed terminal can be adjusted, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the ring radiator. A larger first gap H1 results in less energy transmitted from the first feed plate to the first feed terminal. A smaller first gap H1 results in more energy transmitted from the first feed plate to the first feed terminal. If the energy transmitted from the first feed plate to the first feed terminal is lower than the energy required for the ring radiator to operate, the ring radiator may malfunction. If the energy transmitted from the first feed plate to the first feed terminal is higher than the energy required for the ring radiator to operate, it may cause signal interference and unstable operation of the ring radiator.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second stub has a second feed terminal located at the end of the second stub facing the first gap. In this way, both the first and second feed terminals are used to be electrically connected to the feed source, and the signal from the feed source can be transmitted to the first and second feed terminals. The second feed terminal can act as a current shunt, reducing the risk of local overheating caused by current concentration at the first feed terminal.

[0010] In some embodiments, the annular radiator includes a second feed plate. The second feed plate is stacked on top of a first feed terminal, with a second gap H2 between the second feed plate and the first feed terminal, and a third gap H3 between the second feed plate and the second feed terminal, where H2 ≠ H3. Thus, by adjusting the size of the second gap H2, the energy transmitted from the second feed plate to the first feed terminal can be adjusted. By adjusting the size of the third gap H3, the energy transmitted from the second feed plate to the second feed terminal can be adjusted. Since H2 ≠ H3, the energy coupled at the first feed terminal and the energy coupled at the second feed terminal can be of different magnitudes, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the annular radiator.

[0011] In some embodiments, the annular radiator includes a third feed plate. The third feed plate is stacked with a first feed terminal and a second feed terminal, with a fourth interval H4 between the third feed plate and the first feed terminal, and a fourth interval H4 between the third feed plate and the second feed terminal. The area where the vertical projection of the third feed plate on the annular radiator overlaps with the first feed terminal is S1, and the area where the vertical projection of the third feed plate on the annular radiator overlaps with the second feed terminal is S2. S1 ≠ S2. In this way, by adjusting the size of the overlapping area, the energy transmitted from the third feed plate to the first and second feed terminals can also be adjusted. Taking the area S1 where the vertical projection of the third feed plate on the annular radiator overlaps with the first feed terminal as an example, the larger S1 is, the more energy the third feed plate transmits to the first feed terminal; the smaller S1 is, the less energy the third feed plate transmits to the first feed terminal. When S1≠S2, the energy transmitted from the third feed plate to the first feed end is different from the energy transmitted from the third feed plate to the second feed end, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the ring radiator.

[0012] In some embodiments, the annular radiator further includes a second tuning circuit. The second tuning circuit is coupled between the first stub and the ground plane, and / or, the second tuning circuit is coupled between the second stub and the ground plane. The second tuning circuit can be a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination of capacitor and inductor. The second tuning circuit can be used to adjust the physical length of the stub, and is particularly suitable for applications that reuse existing device structures as annular radiators. When the dimensions of the existing structure differ from the design dimensions of the annular radiator, the second tuning circuit can be used for adjustment.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first and second branches have equal physical lengths. This results in better symmetry of the ring radiator, as well as better symmetry of the electric and magnetic fields generated by the ring radiator, leading to a more uniform current distribution on the ring radiator.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a ring radiator with a first slot and a second slot, which divide the ring radiator into two segments: a first segment and a second segment. The electrical length of each segment is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. The first segment has a first feed terminal and a first ground terminal, with the first ground terminal located on the side of the first feed terminal facing the first slot. The second segment has a second feed terminal and a second ground terminal, with the second ground terminal located on the side of the second feed terminal facing the second slot. The first feed terminal and the first slot have a first spacing D1, the first feed terminal and the second slot have a second spacing D2, the second feed terminal and the first slot have a third spacing D3, and the second feed terminal and the second slot have a fourth spacing D4. The first spacing D1, the second spacing D2, the third spacing D3, and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: 1 / 3 ≤ D1 / D2 ≤ 3, 1 / 3 ≤ D3 / D4 ≤ 3, and D1 + D3 = D2 + D4. The first feed terminal and the first ground terminal are used to feed in the first differential signal, and the second feed terminal and the second ground terminal are used to feed in the second differential signal. Taking the first stub as an example, the first stub has a first feed terminal and a first ground terminal, which are used to feed in the first differential signal. The first stub can be considered a dipole, and a current in the same direction can be generated on the first stub. Similarly, a current in the same direction can also be generated on the second stub. Since the first ground terminal is located on the side of the first feed terminal facing the first gap, the current on the first stub flows from the end of the first stub facing the first gap to the end of the first stub facing the second gap. Similarly, the second ground terminal is located on the side of the second feed terminal facing the second gap, so the current on the second stub flows from the end of the second stub facing the second gap to the end of the second stub facing the first gap. The current flows from the end of the first stub toward the first slit to the end of the first stub toward the second slit, and then from the end of the second stub toward the second slit to the end of the second stub toward the first slit. Therefore, the current direction on the ring radiator is the same, and thus the ring radiator can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 are equal, and the third spacing D3 and the fourth spacing D4 are equal. In this case, since the first feed end is located on the first branch, with both ends of the first branch facing the first gap and the second gap respectively, the first spacing D1 between the first feed end and the first gap is equal to the second spacing D2 between the first feed end and the second gap, meaning the first feed end is located at the midpoint of the first branch. Similarly, the third spacing D3 and the fourth spacing D4 are equal, meaning the second feed end is located at the midpoint of the second branch. Furthermore, because the first and second branches have similar dimensions and shapes, the positions of the first feed end at the midpoint of the first branch and the second feed end at the midpoint of the second branch are symmetrically distributed. This symmetrical distribution of the first and second feed ends can improve the situation where current is concentrated at one end, resulting in a more uniform current distribution on the annular radiator.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ring radiator further includes a power divider. The power divider's input is connected to the feed source, one output is connected to a first feed terminal, and the other output is connected to a second feed terminal. Both the first and second ground terminals are connected to the ground plane. In this way, the power divider's input is connected to the feed source, and the power divider can split the direct-feed signal from the feed source into two paths. One output of the power divider is connected to the first feed terminal, and one signal is output to the first feed terminal. The other output of the power divider is connected to the second feed terminal, and the other signal is output to the second feed terminal. The first feed terminal receives the signal, and the first ground terminal is grounded, providing a reference ground for the signal so that the current can form a closed loop on the first stub. The first feed terminal and the first ground terminal can be considered as feeding a pair of differential signals. Similarly, the second feed terminal and the second ground terminal can also be considered as feeding a pair of differential signals.

[0017] In some embodiments, a fifth spacing D5 exists between the first grounding terminal and the first feed terminal, where L / 32 ≥ D5 > 0. A sixth spacing D6 exists between the second grounding terminal and the second feed terminal, where L / 32 ≥ D6 > 0. Here, L is the circumference (physical length) of the annular radiator. Thus, taking the first stub as an example, a portion of the conductor of the first stub between the first grounding terminal and the first feed terminal can be considered an equivalent load. The physical length of this portion of the conductor determines the load value, and a suitable load value allows the first stub to achieve good impedance matching. The fifth spacing D5 is the physical length of the conductor between the first grounding terminal and the first feed terminal. Adjusting the fifth spacing D5 can adjust the load value, and L / 32 ≥ D5 > 0 allows the first stub to achieve good impedance matching. Similarly, the sixth spacing D6 is the physical length of the conductor between the second grounding terminal and the second feed terminal, and L / 32 ≥ D6 > 0 allows the second stub to achieve good impedance matching.

[0018] A third aspect of this application provides a ring radiator with a first slit and a second slit, which divide the ring radiator into a first slit and a second slit. The electrical length of each slit is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. This ring radiator is used to generate a first current in the first slit and a second current in the second slit. The first current flows from the first slit to the second slit, and the second current flows from the second slit to the first slit. In this way, the ring radiator with currents in the same direction can be considered as a magnetic dipole, and the beneficial effects are not elaborated further.

[0019] A fourth aspect of this application provides an antenna structure comprising: a strip radiator and a ring radiator provided in the first, second, or third aspects of this application. A seventh spacing D7, where D7 < λ / 2, is provided between the ring radiator and the strip radiator. The strip radiator includes, but is not limited to, a linear differential mode, a slot common mode, or an inverted-F antenna. The strip radiator can be an electric dipole, with an "O"-shaped radiation pattern in the H-plane and a "8"-shaped radiation pattern in the E-plane. The ring radiator is a magnetic dipole, with an "8"-shaped radiation pattern in the H-plane and an "O"-shaped radiation pattern in the E-plane. The seventh spacing D7, where D7 < λ / 2, between the ring radiator and the strip radiator allows their radiation patterns to be superimposed. In the E-plane, the electric dipole has a "8"-shaped radiation pattern, and the magnetic dipole has an "O"-shaped radiation pattern; their superposition enables the magnetoelectric dipole antenna to form a wide beam in the E-plane. In the H-plane, the radiation pattern of the electric dipole is "O"-shaped, and the radiation pattern of the magnetic dipole is "8"-shaped. When the two are superimposed, the magnetoelectric dipole antenna can form a wide beam in the H-plane. In other words, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can achieve a wide beam in both the H-plane and the E-plane, enabling the antenna to transmit and receive signals over a large spatial range.

[0020] In some embodiments, the ring radiator includes a first feed structure or a second feed structure coupled between the ring radiator and the feed source. And / or, the strip radiator includes a third feed structure coupled between the strip radiator and the feed source. In this way, the ring radiator can be fed with a signal through the first or second feed structure, or it can be fed via the ring radiator coupling. The strip radiator can be fed with a signal through the third feed structure, or it can be fed via the ring radiator coupling. This provides more options for the feeding method of the antenna structure.

[0021] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a switching device. The switching device is coupled to the ring radiator, the strip radiator, and the feed source, and is used to connect at least one of the ring radiator and the strip radiator to the feed source. In this way, the switching device can be used to control the feeding method of the antenna structure. In some examples, the switching device is used to control both the ring radiator and the strip radiator to be connected to the feed source, and the ring radiator and the strip radiator are fed in a distributed manner. In other examples, the switching device is used to control the ring radiator to be connected to the feed source, and the switching device is also used to control the strip radiator to be disconnected from the feed source, with the ring radiator receiving a direct feed signal through the ring radiator, and the strip radiator receiving a coupled feed source through the ring radiator. In still other examples, the switching device is used to control the strip radiator to be connected to the feed source, and the switching device is also used to control the ring radiator to be disconnected from the feed source, with the strip radiator receiving a direct feed signal through the strip radiator, and the ring radiator receiving a coupled feed source through the strip radiator. The switching device can also be used to control the operating state of the ring radiator and the strip radiator. In some examples, the switching device controls both the ring radiator and the strip radiator to be connected to the feed source, and both the ring radiator and the strip radiator are in an active state. In other examples, the switching device controls the ring radiator to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the strip radiator to be disconnected from the feed source, with the ring radiator in an active state and the strip radiator in a non-active state. In still other examples, the switching device controls the strip radiator to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the ring radiator to be disconnected from the feed source, with the strip radiator in an active state and the ring radiator in a non-active state.

[0022] In some embodiments, the antenna structure is used for satellite communication. The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can achieve wide beams in both the H-plane and E-plane simultaneously. Using a wide-beam antenna in satellite communication can cover a wide geographical area, reducing the need for ground stations to precisely align with the satellite, thereby simplifying operation and reducing costs.

[0023] A fifth aspect of this application provides a housing assembly including a rear cover and an annular radiator provided in the first, second, or third aspects of this application. The annular radiator is located on the rear cover. The beneficial effects of this housing assembly are the same as those of the aforementioned antenna structure, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] A sixth aspect of this application provides a housing assembly including a rear cover and an antenna structure provided in the fourth aspect of this application. The annular radiator of the antenna structure is located on the rear cover. The beneficial effects of this housing assembly are the same as those of the aforementioned antenna structure, and will not be repeated here.

[0025] In some embodiments, a lens aperture is provided on the rear cover. An annular radiator is disposed around the lens aperture. In this way, the annular radiator can be reused as a camera decorative element of the housing assembly. The reuse of the structure facilitates the miniaturization of the housing assembly.

[0026] In some embodiments, the housing assembly further includes a frame that surrounds the rear cover. The antenna structure also includes a strip radiator, with at least a portion of the frame multiplexed as the strip radiator of the antenna structure. As previously mentioned, the reuse of the structure facilitates miniaturization of the housing assembly.

[0027] A seventh aspect of this application provides an electronic device comprising: a display screen and a housing assembly according to a fifth or sixth aspect of this application. The mid-frame of the housing assembly is located between the display screen and the rear cover of the housing assembly. The beneficial effects of this electronic device are the same as those of the aforementioned annular radiator, antenna structure, and housing assembly, and will not be repeated here.

[0028] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board and the second circuit board being electrically connected. The second circuit board is located on the side of the rear cover facing the mid-frame, and the antenna structure of the housing assembly includes a first feed structure or a second feed structure, the first feed structure or the second feed structure being located on the second circuit board. Thus, the second circuit board, located on the side of the rear cover facing the mid-frame, can be used to house the first feed structure and the second feed structure. The first circuit board and the second circuit board are separately disposed, and the first circuit board is electrically connected to the second circuit board. The electronic devices on the first circuit board and the second circuit board can be arranged more flexibly; for example, both the first circuit board and the second circuit board can be used to house the feed source. The specific location of the second circuit board can also be arranged more flexibly; for example, the location of the second circuit board can be designed according to the location of the annular radiator and the strip radiator, thereby facilitating the connection between the first feed structure and the annular radiator, and the connection between the second feed structure and the strip radiator. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working scenario of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Exploded view of the provided electronic device structure;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ring radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 A current and electric field distribution diagram of a ring radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 5The radiation pattern of the medium-sized ring radiator;

[0035] Figure 7 This application provides another current and electric field distribution diagram for a ring radiator.

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the medium-sized ring radiator;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ring radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another annular radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 20 for Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the superimposed radiation patterns of a medium-sized bar radiator and a ring radiator;

[0049] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a strip radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another strip radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another strip radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another strip radiator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 27 for Figure 26 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0056] Figure 28 for Figure 26 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0057] Figure 29 for Figure 26 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0058] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 31 for Figure 30 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0060] Figure 32 for Figure 30 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0061] Figure 33 for Figure 30 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0062] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 35 for Figure 34 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0064] Figure 36 for Figure 34 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0065] Figure 37 for Figure 34 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0066] Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 39 for Figure 38 Three-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0068] Figure 40 for Figure 38 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0069] Figure 41 for Figure 38 Three-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0070] Figure 42 for Figure 38 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0071] Figure 43 for Figure 38 Three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0072] Figure 44 for Figure 38 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0073] Figure 45 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 46 for Figure 45 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the strip radiator in the antenna structure;

[0075] Figure 47 for Figure 45 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator in the antenna structure;

[0076] Figure 48 for Figure 45 Two-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna structure;

[0077] Figure 49 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a switching device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 50 This is a schematic diagram of another switching device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Figure label:

[0080] 100 - Electronic device; 110 - Housing assembly; 101 - Display screen; 102 - Mid-frame; 103 - Back cover; 104 - First circuit board; 105 - Second circuit board; 106 - Frame; 200 - Antenna structure; 201 - Strip radiator; 202 - Ring radiator; 01 - First stub; 02 - Second stub; A1 - First slot; A2 - Second slot; P1 - First feed terminal; P2 - Second feed terminal; I1 - First current; I2 - Second current; 310 - First feed structure; 301 - First feed piece; 302 - Second feed piece; 303 - Third feed piece ; 320 - Second power supply structure; 321 - Input terminal; 322 - First output terminal; 323 - Second output terminal; 330 - Third power supply structure; 400 - Switching device; 401 - First switch; 402 - Second switch; 403 - Power divider; 404 - Phase shifter; 51 - First tuning circuit; 52 - Second tuning circuit; D1 - First pitch; D2 - Second pitch; D3 - Third pitch; D4 - Fourth pitch; D5 - Fifth pitch; D6 - Sixth pitch; D7 - Seventh pitch; H1 - First interval; H2 - Second interval; H3 - Third interval; H4 - Fourth interval. Detailed Implementation

[0081] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0083] The terms collinearity, symmetry (e.g., axial symmetry, or central symmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, orthogonality, and similarity (e.g., same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict mathematical definitions. In some embodiments, collinear elements may include, for example, structural components that realize a "feed terminal" or "ground terminal," such as protruding structures, springs, spring sheets, etc., on the inner surface of a conductive frame. There may be a predetermined angular deviation between two mutually parallel or perpendicular components. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold may be less than or equal to a threshold of 1 mm, for example, the predetermined threshold may be 0.5 mm or 0.1 mm. In some embodiments, the predetermined angle may be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, the predetermined angle deviation is ±5°.

[0084] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" may be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integral part; or, "connection" may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0085] In this application, the term "coupling" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "coupling" can be a direct electrical connection, such as physical contact and electrical conduction between two components. It can also be understood as the electrical connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB), to transmit electrical signals. Alternatively, "coupling" can be an indirect electrical connection between two components through an intermediate medium. Or, "coupling" can be an electrical connection between two components in a non-contact manner, such as the electrical connection between two components using capacitive coupling to transmit electrical signals.

[0086] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components are placed in the accompanying drawings.

[0087] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, components are indicated by arrowed guide lines; parts are indicated by guide lines only.

[0088] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices employing one or more of the following communication technologies. These communication protocols may include: satellite communication technology, Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The electronic devices in this application may be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart glasses, smart helmets), virtual reality (VR) electronic devices, augmented reality (AR) electronic devices, etc. Electronic devices can also be handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0089] For ease of explanation, the following illustration uses electronic devices employing satellite communication technology. For example, ... Figure 1The diagram shown illustrates the working scenario of the electronic device 100 in this embodiment. Satellite communication technology belongs to non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication and can be used to communicate with the electronic device 100. Compared to terrestrial communication, satellite communication can provide a wider coverage area. Especially for areas with few or no cellular communication base stations, satellite communication can be used. Based on the satellite's orbital altitude, satellite communication systems can be divided into three types: geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite communication systems (also called synchronous orbit communication satellites), medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite communication systems, and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. GEO satellites have an orbital altitude of 35,786 km, and their main advantage is that they remain relatively stationary relative to the ground and can provide a large coverage area. MEO satellites have an orbital altitude between 2,000 and 35,786 km, and their advantage is that global coverage can be achieved with a relatively small number of satellites. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of MEO satellite communication, currently, MEO satellites are mainly used for positioning and navigation. LEO satellites orbit at altitudes ranging from 300 to 2000 km. Compared to MEO and GEO satellites, LEO satellites orbit at lower altitudes, resulting in advantages such as lower data propagation delay, lower transmission loss, and relatively lower launch costs.

[0090] Satellite communications utilize frequency bands covering a wide range of radio frequencies, from the lower very high frequency (VHF) to the extremely high frequency (EHF). Different frequency bands are suitable for different types of communication needs, such as television broadcasting, telephone, internet access, and weather monitoring. Commonly used frequency bands include: L-band (1-2 GHz), S-band (2-4 GHz), C-band (4-8 GHz), X-band (8-12 GHz), Ku-band (12-18 GHz), Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz), Q-band (33-50 GHz), and V-band (50-75 GHz).

[0091] Satellite communication in different frequency bands can support a variety of different services, such as sending and receiving text messages, making and receiving phone calls, and data traffic services. For ease of explanation, the embodiments in this application use the L-band of satellite communication technology as an example for illustration.

[0092] With the maturity of satellite communication technology, it is gradually being applied to various types of electronic devices 100. For example, satellite communication functionality can be achieved by setting a satellite antenna in a mobile phone. For ease of explanation, the following description uses a mobile phone as an example.

[0093] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the electronic device 100 may include a display screen 101 and a housing assembly 110. (As...) Figure 3 As shown, the housing assembly 110 includes a mid-frame 102 and a rear cover 103, with the rear cover 103 located on one side of the mid-frame 102. The display screen 101 is located on the other side of the mid-frame 102, with the mid-frame 102 situated between the display screen 101 and the rear cover 103.

[0094] For ease of explanation, Figure 2 A coordinate system is established. When a user holds an electronic device (usually vertically facing the screen), the device's orientation includes top, bottom, left, and right sides. The direction from the bottom of the device to the top is designated as the z-axis, the direction from the back cover to the screen is designated as the y-axis, and the direction from the right side to the left is designated as the x-axis. The z-axis is called the first direction z, the x-axis is called the second direction x, and the y-axis is called the third direction y. It can be understood that when holding the device vertically facing the back cover, the x-axis points from left to right.

[0095] The display screen 101 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this. The mid-frame 102 mainly serves to support the entire device. The back cover 103 may be a back cover made of metal; it may also be a back cover made of non-conductive materials, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back covers; or it may be a back cover made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0096] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the middle frame 102 includes a frame 106 and a support plate ( Figure 3 (Not shown in the image). In other embodiments, the middle frame 102 may include a bezel 106, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The bezel 106 may be disposed between the display screen 101 and the back cover 103 and around the circumference of the back cover 103. The bezel 106 may have four sides surrounding the display screen 101 to secure the display screen 101.

[0097] In one implementation, the frame 106 made of metal can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 100, forming the appearance of a metal frame, suitable for metal industrial design. In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 106 can also be made of a non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, forming the appearance of a non-metallic frame, suitable for non-metallic industrial design.

[0098] In order to achieve signal transmission, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 100 may also include an antenna structure 200. The antenna structure 200 can be used for satellite communication, thereby supporting various satellite communication services. For example, the antenna structure 200 may include a strip radiator 201, with at least a portion of the frame 106 multiplexed as the strip radiator 201. However, with the increasing number of antennas on mobile phones, the space available for integrating antenna radiators on the metal frame is very limited. It should be noted that... Figure 3 This description only indicates the distance to the location of the bar radiator 201 and does not constitute a limitation on the location of the bar radiator 201. The bar radiator 201 can also be located on the bottom, left, or right edge of the electronic device 100.

[0099] To more rationally arrange the antenna layout on a mobile phone, this application embodiment provides a ring radiator 202. The ring radiator 202 can be disposed on the frame 106, or it can be flexibly disposed in an area outside the frame 106. Continuing with the example... Figure 3 As shown, the annular radiator 202 can be located on the back cover 103. In some examples, the back cover 103 has a lens hole 107, and the annular radiator 202 is arranged around the lens hole 107. The annular radiator 202 can be reused as a camera decorative part of the electronic device 100. In other examples, the annular radiator 202 can be attached or embedded in the back cover 103, for example, attached to the inner surface of the back cover 103, or embedded between the solder mask layer and the substrate layer of the back cover 103. The embodiments of this application do not limit the shape of the ring formed by the annular radiator 202. The annular radiator 202 can be a circular ring, a square ring, a triangular ring, an irregular ring, etc. For ease of explanation, the following description uses a circular ring as an example.

[0100] To achieve the feeding of antenna structure 200, continue as follows Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 100 also includes a first circuit board 104, which can be used to carry electronic components, such as a feed source, an RF chip, etc. The feed source can be used to power the antenna structure 200. The first circuit board 104 can be disposed between the middle frame 102 and the rear cover 103, or between the middle frame 102 and the display screen 101; this embodiment does not limit the location of the first circuit board 104. The first circuit board 104 can be the motherboard of the electronic device 100.

[0101] However, when the first circuit board 104 serves as the mainboard of the electronic device 100, its position within the electronic device 100 is fixed. To accommodate different placement options for the annular radiator 202 within the electronic device 100, the following continues... Figure 3As shown, the electronic device 100 also includes a second circuit board 105, which is disposed on the side of the rear cover 103 facing the middle frame 102. The second circuit board 105 is electrically connected to the first circuit board 104. The second circuit board 105 can also be used to carry electronic components such as feed sources and radio frequency chips. The position of the second circuit board 105 is more flexible than that of the first circuit board 104. In some examples, the antenna structure 200 may include a feeding structure, which can be disposed on the second circuit board 105. The feeding structure (second circuit board 105) is located on the side of the annular radiator 202 facing the rear cover 103.

[0102] The first circuit board 104 and the second circuit board 105 can be printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this embodiment, the PCB can be an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as glass fiber or polymer. The PCB can be a flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, or a hybrid dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.

[0103] The first circuit board 104 and the second circuit board 105 can also be used to set metal layers. For example, taking the first circuit board 104 as an example, this metal layer can be used to ground electronic components or antenna structures carried on the first circuit board 104; this metal layer can be called a ground plane, grounding plane, or grounding layer. For example, this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric substrate in the first circuit board 104. For example, the grounding metal layer can be set on the side of the first circuit board 104 facing the middle frame 102. For example, the edge of the first circuit board 104 can be considered as the edge of its grounding layer.

[0104] In addition, the electronic device 100 may also have other ground planes / grounding plates / grounding layers. In this embodiment, "ground / ground" can refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer, etc., within the electronic device, or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc., and "ground / ground" can be used for grounding components within the electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground / ground" may include any one or more of the following: a grounding layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, a grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device, a grounding metal layer formed by a metal film below the screen, a conductive grounding layer of the battery, and a conductive component or metal component electrically connected to the above-mentioned grounding layer / grounding plate / metal layer.

[0105] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0106] In related technologies, when the electrical length of the ring radiator 202 is much smaller than the operating wavelength λ, for example, when the electrical length of the ring radiator 202 is 0.25λ, a current in the same direction can be generated on the ring radiator 202 to form a closed current loop. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the case where the electrical length of the ring radiator 202 is less than or equal to 0.25λ is considered as the case where the electrical length of the ring radiator 202 is much smaller than the operating wavelength.

[0107] This ring radiator 202, capable of generating currents in the same direction, can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole, opening up a wider range of applications. For example, this ring radiator 202 can be combined with an electric dipole in an antenna, achieving more stable radiation performance and a wider impedance bandwidth through complementary antenna patterns. Furthermore, this ring radiator 202 exhibits good anti-interference capabilities in specific directions, maintaining good performance even in dense signal environments.

[0108] However, due to the relatively small size of the ring radiator 202, the area over which it can receive or emit electromagnetic waves is also relatively small, resulting in low gain and limited effective communication distance. If the size of the ring radiator 202 is increased, standing waves may be excited on it, and the current intensity at certain locations on the ring radiator 202 will reach its maximum value and produce current reversal, thus preventing the ring radiator 202 from generating current in the same direction and making it equivalent to a magnetic dipole.

[0109] It should be noted that when the operating frequency and medium conditions are the same, the electrical length and physical length of the radiator are positively correlated. In this application, the operating frequency is illustrated using the L-band of satellite communication technology, and the medium conditions are illustrated using the same medium in electronic devices. Therefore, the dimensions in this application can refer to either electrical length or physical length.

[0110] In order to achieve a magnetic dipole while increasing the size of the ring radiator 202, embodiments of this application provide a ring radiator 202, such as... Figure 4As shown, the annular radiator 202 has a first slit A1 and a second slit A2, which divide the annular radiator 202 into a first branch 01 and a second branch 02. The electrical lengths of both the first branch 01 and the second branch 02 are within the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, where λ is the operating wavelength of the annular radiator 202. The annular radiator 202 is used to generate a first current I1 on the first branch 01, which flows from the first slit A1 to the second slit A2. The annular radiator 202 is also used to generate a second current I2 on the second branch 02, which flows from the second slit A2 to the first slit A1.

[0111] In this way, the first current I1 and the second current I2 on the ring radiator 202 are in the same direction and can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole. The electrical length of each branch in the first branch 01 and the second branch 02 is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8, therefore the electrical length of the ring radiator is 0.75λ-1.25λ, that is, the electrical length of the ring radiator 202 is close to or greater than the operating wavelength. Compared with the ring radiator 202 whose electrical length is much smaller than the operating wavelength, the antenna structure provided in this embodiment is larger in size and can provide higher gain.

[0112] The operating wavelength refers to the wavelength corresponding to any operating frequency within the operating frequency band. For ease of explanation, this application uses the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency as the operating wavelength. The operating frequency band is also called the resonant frequency band. Within the operating frequency band, the antenna structure will resonate. Resonance can be understood as the phenomenon of resonance generated by the antenna interacting with electromagnetic waves within a specific frequency range. For example, when the frequency of the external electromagnetic wave matches the antenna's natural frequency, the antenna will absorb more electromagnetic energy and convert it into current or voltage. Within the operating frequency band, the antenna has the highest absorption and radiation efficiency for electromagnetic waves, and its energy conversion efficiency is also the highest. In this application embodiment, the frequency range with a return loss of less than -6dB is used as the operating frequency band of the antenna structure. The center frequency refers to the point of strongest resonance within the operating frequency band.

[0113] Return loss can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency. Return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is typically negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates lower antenna return loss and higher radiation efficiency; a larger S11 parameter indicates higher antenna return loss and lower radiation efficiency.

[0114] Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium, to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0115]

[0116] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0117] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0118]

[0119] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, the physical length of the radiator can be understood as within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the electrical length of the radiator.

[0121] To verify the electrical performance of the annular radiator 202 provided in this application embodiment, this application embodiment places the annular radiator 202 in the lens aperture 107 of an electronic device (e.g., Figure 3 The electrical performance of the ring radiator 202 in various embodiments is simulated at the location shown. For example, as shown... Figure 5 As shown, the first branch 01 and the second branch 02 have equal physical lengths, and both the first gap A1 and the second gap A2 extend along the direction of the straight line L. Changing the direction of the straight line L means changing the positions of the first gap A1 and the second gap A2.

[0122] In the first implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, line L is parallel to the second direction x. The ends of the first branch 01 facing the first gap A1, the first branch 01 facing the second gap A2, the second branch 02 facing the first gap A1, and the second branch 02 facing the second gap A2 are points of strong electric field and weak current, respectively. The middle position of the first branch 01 and the middle position of the second branch 02 are points of weak electric field and strong current, respectively. Figure 6 As shown, is Figure 5 The radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202. Darker colors in the radiation pattern represent higher gain; the same principle applies to the radiation patterns in subsequent figures, so further explanation is unnecessary. It can be seen that the ring radiator 202 has a greater gain along the second direction x.

[0123] In the second implementation, the direction of line L is changed. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the straight line L is parallel to the first direction z. The ends of the first branch 01 facing the first gap A1, the first branch 01 facing the second gap A2, the second branch 02 facing the first gap A1, and the second branch 02 facing the second gap A2 are points of strong electric field and weak current, respectively. The middle position of the first branch 01 and the middle position of the second branch 02 are points of weak electric field and strong current, respectively. Figure 8 As shown, is Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202 shows that the gain of the ring radiator 202 is greater along the first direction z.

[0124] The radiation pattern of an antenna structure, also known as the antenna radiation pattern, is a graphical representation of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field at a certain distance from the antenna, changing with direction. It is typically represented by two mutually perpendicular planar radiation patterns passing through the antenna's maximum radiation direction. Gain is a parameter describing the degree to which an antenna concentrates and radiates input power; that is, it describes the radiation effect in the maximum radiation direction. A high-gain antenna can increase the radiated power in a specific direction while maintaining a constant input power.

[0125] As described above, the annular radiator 202 provided in this application embodiment can generate current in the same direction, and the gain is greatest at the first gap A1 and the second gap A2. To realize the above-mentioned annular radiator 202, the feeding method of the above-mentioned annular radiator 202 will be illustrated below.

[0126] The ring radiator 202 can achieve unidirectional current flow through single-point feeding. For example, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, the first slit A1 and the second slit A2 divide the first branch 01, which has a first end 01A and a second end 01B facing each other. The first end 01A faces the first slit A1, and the second end 01B faces the second slit A2. Figure 9 As shown, the first branch 01 has a first feed terminal P1, which is located at the end of the first branch 01 facing the first gap A1 (i.e., Figure 4 The first end of the middle (01A).

[0127] The first feed terminal P1 is used to connect to the feed source, causing current to flow through the first stub 01. Since the electrical length of the first stub 01 is λ / 2 ± λ / 8, the current from the first feed terminal P1 to the open-circuit terminal completes exactly half a cycle. The voltage at the first feed terminal P1 and the open-circuit terminal are at their maximum, and the current is at its minimum. The voltage is minimum and the current is maximum near the midpoint of the first stub 01, and the current in the first stub 01 flows in the same direction. The open-circuit terminal refers to the end of the first stub 01 facing the second gap A2; this end has the maximum voltage and minimum current, achieving an infinite impedance state.

[0128] Because the electric length of the second stub 02 is also λ / 2 ± λ / 8, and both the first stub 01 and the second stub 02 are part of a ring radiator, they have similar dimensions and shapes. Furthermore, because the second stub 02 and the first stub 01 are separated by the first gap A1 and the second gap A2, the distance between the first stub 01 and the second stub 02 is relatively close. The first stub 01 can be used to couple and feed the second stub 02, generating a current in the second stub 02 in the same direction as the first stub 01. Since the current directions on the first stub 01 and the second stub 02 are the same, the current directions on the ring radiator are also the same, and the ring radiator can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole.

[0129] In the embodiments of this application, "end" or "one end" can be understood as either a point or a segment of the radiator including that point. For example, the first branch 01 faces one end of the first gap A1. "One end" can be understood as the endpoint of the first branch 01 at the first gap A1, or as a segment of the radiator within a range of one-sixteenth of a working wavelength from that endpoint. In some examples, the radiator has a certain thickness, and the feed end can be located on the sidewall of the radiator. The feed end can be understood as a segment of the sidewall of the radiator including that point. For example, the first branch 01 faces the sidewall of the first gap A1. For ease of labeling, circular dots are used in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application to represent "feed end" or "ground end," and will not be repeated in subsequent drawings.

[0130] Since the signal transmission of a radiator cannot penetrate metal, a region free of other conductive materials or electromagnetic interference sources needs to be reserved around the radiator to keep it away from various metal components and ensure the omnidirectional communication effect of the antenna. This region is called the "clearance." In some embodiments, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the annular radiator 202 also includes a floor, which may be, for example, the metal layer of the second circuit board 105. There is a fourth gap H4 between the first branch 01 and the floor, which can also be referred to as the clearance. Where space permits, the larger the fourth gap H4 is, the larger the clearance is, and the better the radiation performance of the annular radiator 202.

[0131] In the case of single-point feeding, in order to transmit the signal from the feed source to the first feed terminal P1, as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the annular radiator 202 may include a first feed structure 310. The first feed terminal P1 is coupled to the first feed structure 310, which can transmit signals from the feed source to the first feed terminal P1.

[0132] The first feed structure 310 can be implemented in various ways. In some examples, the first feed structure 310 may include a metal wire connected between the feed source and the first feed terminal P1. In other examples, to enhance the mechanical stability of the first feed structure, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the first power supply structure 310 may further include a first power supply piece 301. The first power supply piece 301 is connected to the feed source through a metal wire. The first power supply piece 301 and the first power supply terminal P1 are stacked together, and there is a first gap H1 between the first power supply piece 301 and the first power supply terminal P1, so that the first power supply piece 301 is coupled to the first power supply terminal P1.

[0133] By adjusting the size of the first interval H1, the energy transmitted from the first feed piece 301 to the first feed terminal P1 can be adjusted, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the ring radiator. A larger first interval H1 results in less energy transmitted from the first feed piece 301 to the first feed terminal P1; a smaller first interval H1 results in more energy transmitted from the first feed piece 301 to the first feed terminal P1. If the energy transmitted from the first feed piece 301 to the first feed terminal P1 is lower than the energy required for the ring radiator 202 to operate, the ring radiator 202 may malfunction. If the energy transmitted from the first feed piece 301 to the first feed terminal P1 is higher than the energy required for the ring radiator 202 to operate, signal interference and instability in the ring radiator 202 may occur.

[0134] To make the radiation characteristics of the ring radiator 202 more symmetrical, and thus more easily generate unidirectional currents, the process continues as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the annular radiator 202 may further include a first tuning circuit 51. The first tuning circuit 51 is coupled to the end of the first branch 01 facing the second gap A2, and also coupled to the end of the second branch 02 facing the second gap A2. The first tuning circuit 51 can be a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination of capacitor and inductor, and can adjust the current distribution on the annular radiator 202. For example, the first tuning circuit 51 can be a capacitor with a capacitance value of 0.2pF-3pF. For example, the first tuning circuit 51 can be an inductor with an inductance value of 1nH-20nH. The specific values ​​of the capacitor or inductor depend on the specific design specifications.

[0135] The above explanation illustrates how a ring radiator 202 can achieve unidirectional current flow through single-point feeding. However, the ring radiator 202 can also achieve unidirectional current flow through dual-point feeding. For example... Figure 11As shown, the second branch 02 has a second feed terminal P2, which is located at the end of the second branch 02 facing the first gap A1. The second feed terminal P2 is coupled to the first feed structure 310. The first feed structure is coupled to the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2, which can transmit the signal from the feed source to the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2. The second feed terminal P2 can act as a current shunting device, thereby reducing the risk of local overheating caused by current concentration at the first feed terminal P1.

[0136] In the case of dual-point feeding, in order to transmit the signal from the feed source to the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2, the first feed structure 310 may be implemented in various ways.

[0137] In some examples, such as Figure 12 As shown, the first power supply structure 310 includes a second power supply piece 302. The second power supply piece 302 is stacked with the first power supply terminal P1, and the second power supply piece 302 is also stacked with the second power supply terminal P2. There is a second gap H2 between the second power supply piece 302 and the first power supply terminal P1, and a third gap H3 between the second power supply piece 302 and the second power supply terminal P2, where H2 ≠ H3.

[0138] By adjusting the second interval H2, the energy transmitted from the second feed piece 302 to the first feed terminal P1 can be adjusted. By adjusting the length of the third interval H3, the energy transmitted from the second feed piece 302 to the second feed terminal P2 can be adjusted. Therefore, H2 ≠ H3, which allows the energy coupled to the first feed terminal P1 and the energy coupled to the second feed terminal P2 to be different, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the ring radiator.

[0139] In some scenarios, the value of the second interval H2 is a fixed value. In order to adjust the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the first feeding structure 310 includes a third feeding piece 303, which is stacked with the first feeding terminal P1 and the second feeding terminal P2. A fourth interval H4 exists between the third feeding piece 303 and the first feeding terminal P1, and a fourth interval H4 exists between the third feeding piece 303 and the second feeding terminal P2. The area where the vertical projection of the third feeding piece 303 onto the annular radiator 202 overlaps with the area of ​​the first feeding terminal P1 is S1; the area where the vertical projection of the third feeding piece 303 onto the annular radiator overlaps with the area of ​​the second feeding terminal P2 is S2; S1 ≠ S2.

[0140] By adjusting the size of the overlapping area, the energy transmitted from the third feed plate 303 to the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2 can also be adjusted. Taking the area S1 of the overlap between the vertical projection of the third feed plate 303 on the annular radiator 202 and the first feed terminal P1 as an example, the larger S1 is, the more energy the third feed plate 303 transmits to the first feed terminal P1; the smaller S1 is, the less energy the third feed plate 303 transmits to the first feed terminal P1. Therefore, when S1 ≠ S2, the energy transmitted from the third feed plate 303 to the first feed terminal P1 is different from the energy transmitted from the third feed plate 303 to the second feed terminal P2, thereby optimizing the current distribution of the annular radiator.

[0141] Furthermore, in some scenarios, the physical length of the ring radiator 202 is a fixed value. In order to adjust the operating frequency band of the ring radiator 202 to the design value, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the ring radiator 202 may also include a second tuning circuit 52. In some examples, the second tuning circuit 52 includes a first sub-circuit 521 coupled between the first stub 01 and a ground plane, such as a metal layer of the second circuit board 105. In other examples, the second tuning circuit 52 includes a second sub-circuit 522 coupled between the second stub 02 and the ground plane. In still other examples, the second tuning circuit 52 includes a first sub-circuit 521 and a second sub-circuit 522, where the first sub-circuit 521 includes, for example, a first inductor, and the second sub-circuit 522 includes, for example, a second inductor. The first inductor is, for example, 1nH-25nH, and the second inductor is, for example, 1nH-25nH; the specific values ​​of the first and second inductors depend on specific design specifications.

[0142] The second tuning circuit 52 can be a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination of capacitor and inductor. The second tuning circuit 52 can be used to adjust the physical length of the branch, and is especially suitable for applications that reuse the existing structure of the device as a ring radiator. When the size of the existing structure is different from the design size of the ring radiator, it can be adjusted by the second tuning circuit 52.

[0143] To achieve better symmetry and a more uniform current distribution on the ring radiator, such as Figure 15 As shown, the physical length of the first branch 01 is L1, and the physical length of the second branch 02 is L2, where L1 = L2, meaning the physical lengths of the first branch 01 and the second branch 02 are equal. In this embodiment, the annular radiator 202 is described as a circle, therefore the physical length of the first branch 01 is the arc length of half the ring.

[0144] The above explanation uses a ring radiator fed with a direct-feed signal as an example. In the case of dual-point feeding, the ring radiator 202 can also feed a differential signal. For example... Figure 16As shown, the first branch 01 has a first feed terminal P1 and a first ground terminal G1, with the first ground terminal G1 located on the side of the first feed terminal P1 facing the first gap A1. The second branch 02 has a second feed terminal P2 and a second ground terminal G2, with the second ground terminal G2 located on the side of the second feed terminal P2 facing the second gap A2. The first feed terminal P1 and the first gap A1 have a first spacing D1, and the first feed terminal P1 and the second gap A2 have a second spacing D2; the second feed terminal P2 and the first gap A1 have a third spacing D3, and the second feed terminal P2 and the second gap A2 have a fourth spacing D4; the first spacing D1, the second spacing D2, the third spacing D3, and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: 1 / 3 ≤ D1 / D2 ≤ 3, 1 / 3 ≤ D3 / D4 ≤ 3, and D1 + D3 = D2 + D4.

[0145] The terms "midpoint," "middle," or "middle position," etc., used in the embodiments of this application refer to specific ranges or distances. For example, the midpoint, middle, or middle position of a conductor can be a section of the conductor including its geometric midpoint, or a section of the conductor including its geometric midpoint that is one-eighth of the operating wavelength. As another example, the midpoint, middle, or middle position of a conductor can be a section of the conductor located less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm) from its geometric midpoint. The geometric midpoint position of a slot or the geometric midpoint position of one side of a slot refers to the geometric midpoint position of one side of the slot.

[0146] The first feed terminal P1 and the first ground terminal G1 are used to feed in the first differential signal, and the second feed terminal P2 and the second ground terminal G2 are used to feed in the second differential signal. Thus, taking the first stub 01 as an example, the first stub 01 has a first feed terminal P1 and a first ground terminal G1, which are used to feed in the first differential signal. The first stub 01 can be considered a dipole, and a current in the same direction can be generated on the first stub 01. Similarly, a current in the same direction can also be generated on the second stub 02. Since the first ground terminal G1 is located on the side of the first feed terminal P1 facing the first gap A1, the current on the first stub 01 flows from the end of the first stub 01 facing the first gap A1 to the end of the first stub 01 facing the second gap A2. Similarly, since the second grounding terminal G2 is located on the side of the second feed terminal P2 facing the second gap A2, the current on the second branch 02 flows from the end of the second branch 02 facing the second gap A2 to the end of the second branch 02 facing the first gap A1. The current flows from the end of the first branch 01 facing the first gap A1 to the end of the first branch 01 facing the second gap A2, and then from the end of the second branch 02 facing the second gap A2 to the end of the second branch 02 facing the first gap A1. Therefore, the current directions on the annular radiator 202 are the same, and thus the annular radiator 202 can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole.

[0147] In this context, "direct-feed signal" can be understood as outputting one signal from one output terminal. "Differential signal" can be understood as outputting a pair of signals with the same amplitude but opposite phases from two output terminals. The phases are opposite, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

[0148] Differential structures providing differential signals to a ring radiator include, but are not limited to: microstrip line differential pairs, stripline differential pairs, coplanar waveguide differential pairs, differential coaxial cables, or balun structures. For example, the ring radiator 202 includes a second feed structure, which comprises a first differential structure and a second differential structure. The input terminal of the first differential structure is connected to the feed source, one output terminal of the first differential structure is connected to the first feed terminal, and the other output terminal of the first differential structure is connected to the first ground terminal. The input terminal of the second differential structure is connected to the feed source, one output terminal of the second differential structure is connected to the second feed terminal, and the other output terminal of the second differential structure is connected to the second ground terminal.

[0149] To ensure that both the first and second differential structures are connected to the feed source, such as... Figure 17 As shown, the second feed structure 320 may further include a power divider. The input terminal 321 of the power divider is connected to the feed source, and the first output terminal 322 of the power divider can be connected to the first differential structure ( Figure 17 (Not shown) is connected, and the second output terminal 323 of the power divider can be connected to the second differential structure ( Figure 17 (Not shown) Connection. Thus, the power divider can transmit the signal from the feed source to the first differential structure and the second differential structure.

[0150] To reduce the space occupied by the second power supply structure, such as Figure 17 As shown, the first output terminal 322 is coupled to the first feed terminal P1, and the second output terminal 323 is coupled to the second feed terminal P2. The first ground terminal G1 and the second ground terminal G2 are grounded. The first feed terminal P1 receives the signal, and the first ground terminal G1 is grounded. The first ground terminal G1 provides a reference ground for the signal, allowing the current to form a closed loop on the first stub O1. The first feed terminal P1 and the first ground terminal G1 can be considered as feeding a pair of differential signals. Similarly, the second feed terminal P2 receives the signal, and the second ground terminal G2 is grounded. The second ground terminal G2 provides a reference ground for the signal, allowing the current to form a closed loop on the second stub O2. The second feed terminal P2 and the second ground terminal G2 can be considered as feeding a pair of differential signals.

[0151] In some embodiments, continue as follows Figure 16As shown, the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 are equal, and the third spacing D3 and the fourth spacing D4 are equal. Since the first feed terminal P1 is located on the first branch 01, and the two ends of the first branch 01 face the first gap A1 and the second gap A2 respectively, the first spacing D1 between the first feed terminal P1 and the first gap A1 is equal to the second spacing D2 between the first feed terminal P1 and the second gap A2, that is, the first feed terminal P1 is located at the midpoint of the first branch 01. Similarly, the third spacing D3 and the fourth spacing D4 are equal, that is, the second feed terminal P2 is located at the midpoint of the second branch 02.

[0152] Since the first branch 01 and the second branch 02 have similar sizes and shapes, the positions of the first feed terminal P1 at the midpoint of the first branch 01 and the second feed terminal P2 at the midpoint of the second branch 02 are symmetrically distributed. The symmetrical distribution of the first feed terminal P1 and the second feed terminal P2 can improve the situation where the current is concentrated at one end, making the current distribution on the ring radiator more uniform.

[0153] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18 As shown, there is a fifth spacing D5 between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first feed terminal P1, where L / 32 ≥ D5 > 0. There is a sixth spacing D6 between the second grounding terminal and the second feed terminal P2, where L / 32 ≥ D6 > 0. Where L is the circumference of the annular radiator.

[0154] Taking the first branch 01 as an example, a portion of the conductor of the first branch 01 between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first feed terminal P1 can be considered as an equivalent load. The length of this portion of the conductor can affect the load value; a suitable load value can ensure good impedance matching for the first branch 01. The fifth spacing D5, which is the physical length of a portion of the conductor of the first branch 01 between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first feed terminal P1, L / 32 ≥ D5 > 0, can ensure good impedance matching for the first branch 01. Similarly, the sixth spacing D6, which is the physical length of a portion of the conductor of the second branch 02 between the second grounding terminal G2 and the second feed terminal P2, L / 32 ≥ D6 > 0, can ensure good impedance matching for the second branch 02.

[0155] However, when the ring radiator 202 is equivalent to a magnetic dipole, it lacks end-fire characteristics, limiting its application in satellite communications. End-fire characteristics refer to the concentration of most of the energy radiated or received by the radiator in one direction, also known as the end-fire direction. Therefore, this application provides an antenna structure 200, such as... Figure 19 As shown, the antenna structure 200 includes a strip radiator 201 and a ring radiator 202, with a seventh spacing D7 between the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202, where D7 < λ / 2.

[0156] In this case, such as Figure 20As shown, the strip radiator 201 can be an electric dipole. For example... Figure 20 In (a), the electric dipole's radiation pattern in the E-plane is figure-eight shaped. For example... Figure 20 In (d), the electric dipole's radiation pattern in the H-plane is "O" shaped. The ring radiator 202 is a magnetic dipole. (As shown...) Figure 20 In (b), the magnetic dipole's radiation pattern in the E-plane is "O" shaped. For example... Figure 20 In (e), the magnetic dipole's radiation pattern in the H-plane is shaped like an "8".

[0157] like Figure 19 As shown, there is a seventh spacing D7 between the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202, where D7 < λ / 2. Therefore, the radiation patterns of the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202 can be superimposed. For ease of explanation, the seventh spacing D7 is taken as the distance between the first slit A1 of the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202. The distances from the first slit A1 and the second slit A2 to the strip radiator 201 are equal, or the first slit A1 is more oriented towards the strip radiator than the second slit A2.

[0158] It should be noted that the position of the seventh gap D7 is related to the position of the first gap A1. For example... Figure 19 As shown, the first gap A1 extends along the direction of the straight line L, and the angle between the straight line L and the first direction z is α, where 90° ≥ α ≥ -90°. The closer |α| is to 0°, the smaller the seventh gap D7 is. The closer |α| is to 90°, the smaller the gap D7 is.

[0159] Continue as Figure 20 As shown, the radiation patterns of the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202 are superimposed to obtain the radiation pattern of the antenna structure. Figure 20 In (c), for the E-plane, the radiation pattern of the electric dipole is figure-eight shaped, and the radiation pattern of the magnetic dipole is O shaped. When these two are superimposed, the complementary nature of the antenna radiation patterns allows antenna structure 200 to form a wide beam in the E-plane. For example... Figure 20 In (f), for the H-plane, the radiation pattern of the electric dipole is "O"-shaped, and the radiation pattern of the magnetic dipole is "8"-shaped. When the two are superimposed, the antenna structure 200 can form a wide beam in the H-plane. That is to say, the antenna structure provided in this embodiment can achieve a wide beam in both the H-plane and the E-plane.

[0160] Here, "wide beam" refers to an antenna structure with a large beamwidth. In the embodiments of this application, combined with... Figure 1 As shown, beamwidth refers to the angle at which the circular polarization gain of the radiator is greater than -5 dBic. dBic is a unit used to measure the gain of a circularly polarized antenna.

[0161] Antenna gain is typically measured in dB. It can also be measured in dBi, where dBi = dB + 2.15. dB, or decibel, is a logarithmic unit with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 dB. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. That is, a difference of 10 dB between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a difference of 20 dB is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A difference of 3 dB means a difference of 2 times between two quantities.

[0162] The beamwidth of an antenna structure can be divided into the beamwidth in the E-plane and the beamwidth in the H-plane. The E-plane is the plane that contains the direction of maximum antenna gain and is parallel to the electric field vector. The H-plane is the plane that contains the direction of maximum antenna gain and is perpendicular to the E-plane.

[0163] In satellite communication scenarios, when a user conducts satellite communication, the end-fire direction of the antenna needs to be pointed towards the satellite to achieve alignment (establish a communication connection with the satellite). The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can achieve a wide beam in both the H-plane and E-plane, allowing the antenna structure 200 to transmit and receive signals over a larger spatial range, thereby reducing the difficulty of maintaining a stable connection between the electronic device and the satellite. The end-fire directions of the radiation patterns in both the H-plane and E-plane point to the first direction z. The top frame 106 is multiplexed as a strip radiator 201, and the ring radiator 202 is located on the rear cover. When the user holds the electronic device 100, the end-fire direction of the antenna structure 200 points towards the zenith (first direction z), making it easier to align the electronic device 100 with the satellite.

[0164] This application does not limit the direction of the current on the bar radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202 in its embodiments. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 19 As shown, the current on the bar radiator 201 flows along the second direction x, and the current on the annular radiator 202 flows clockwise; or, the current on the bar radiator 201 flows in the opposite direction of the second direction x, and the current on the annular radiator 202 flows counterclockwise. In other embodiments, the current on the bar radiator 201 flows along the second direction x, and the current on the annular radiator 202 flows counterclockwise; or, the current on the bar radiator 201 flows in the opposite direction of the second direction x, and the current on the annular radiator 202 flows clockwise. In some embodiments, the phase difference between the currents on the annular radiator 202 and the bar radiator 201 is... The phase difference This allows the electric fields of the ring radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 to be superimposed.

[0165] It should be noted that, since the annular radiator 202 provided in this embodiment includes a first slot A1 and a second slot A2, and the gain is highest at the first slot A1 and the second slot A2, the positions of the first slot A1 and the second slot A2 affect the effect of the antenna structure radiation pattern. In some examples, the first slot A1 and the second slot A2 are arranged along the first direction z, and the radiation pattern of the annular radiator has a higher gain in the first direction z. The annular radiator can not only optimize the beamwidth of the antenna structure 200, but also optimize the gain of the antenna structure 200 in the direction of maximum radiation (the first direction z). In other examples, the first slot A1 and the second slot A2 are arranged along the second direction x, and the radiation pattern of the annular radiator has a higher gain in the second direction x. The annular radiator has a better effect on optimizing the beamwidth of the antenna structure 200.

[0166] To enable the bar radiator to possess the characteristics of an electric dipole, there are various possible implementations of the bar radiator. In one possible embodiment, such as... Figure 21 As shown, the strip radiator 201 may include a third stub 03 and a fourth stub 04, with a third gap A3 between the third stub 03 and the fourth stub 04. The third stub 03 has a third feed terminal P3 located at the end of the third stub 03 facing the third gap A3. The fourth stub 04 has a fourth feed terminal P4 located at the end of the fourth stub 04 facing the third gap A3. The third feed terminal P3 and the fourth feed terminal P4 are used to feed a pair of differential signals. In this case, the strip radiator can be called a wire differential mode (wireDM). For example, the end of the third stub 03 away from the third gap A3 is electrically connected to the end of the fourth stub away from the third gap A3. The electrical lengths of both the third stub 03 and the fourth stub 04 are 1 / 4λ, and the strip radiator 201 can also be called a folded dipole.

[0167] In another possible implementation, such as Figure 22 As shown, the strip radiator 201 may include a fifth stub 05, which has a fifth feed terminal P5 and a sixth feed terminal P6, both located at the midpoint of the fifth stub 05. The fifth feed terminal P5 and the sixth feed terminal P6 are used to feed a pair of differential signals. The "midpoint" can be the geometric midpoint of the fifth stub 05 or the midpoint of the electrical length of the fifth stub 05. In this case, the strip radiator can be referred to as a wire DM mode.

[0168] In another possible embodiment, such as Figure 23As shown, the strip radiator 201 may include a slot 06, which can be a slot cut out of the floor or a slot enclosed by the radiator and the floor. An opening is provided on one side of the slot 06, for example, located in the middle of that side. The radiators on both sides of the opening have a seventh feed terminal P7 and an eighth feed terminal P8, which are used to feed a pair of differential signals. In this case, the strip radiator can be in slot common mode (slot CM).

[0169] In another possible implementation, such as Figure 24 As shown, the strip radiator can be an inverted-F antenna (IFA). The strip radiator 201 has a ninth feed terminal P9 and a tenth feed terminal P10 on the ground plane; the ninth feed terminal P9 and the tenth feed terminal P10 are used to feed differential signals. In another possible implementation, the strip radiator can be an inverted-L antenna (ILA).

[0170] To achieve the feeding of the antenna structure 200, in some embodiments, such as Figure 25 As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a first feeding structure or a second feeding structure. The annular radiator 202 is directly fed through the first feeding structure or the second feeding structure, and the strip radiator 201 is coupled and fed through the annular radiator 202.

[0171] Taking the annular radiator 202, including the first feeding structure, as an example, as follows: Figure 26 As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a first feed plate 301 (first feed structure), and the strip radiator 201 is fed through the annular radiator 202. The strip radiator 201 can be a folded dipole. The annular radiator 202 also includes a second tuning circuit 52, which includes a first sub-circuit 521 and a second sub-circuit 522. The first sub-circuit 521 is connected in parallel between the middle position of the first branch 01 and the ground plane, and the second sub-circuit 522 is connected in parallel between the middle position of the second branch 02 and the ground plane. The "middle position" can be the geometric midpoint of the first branch 01 or the second branch 02, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the first branch 01 or the second branch 02. A seventh spacing D7 = 6 mm exists between the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201. The angle α between the extension direction of the first gap A1 and the first direction z is 0°. Figure 26 (Not shown in the image). The clearance between the annular radiator 202 and the floor, the fourth interval H4 (as shown in the image). Figure 10 (As shown) is 2.5mm.

[0172] In this case, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna structure 200 is 1.58 GHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the ring radiator 202 being less than -6 dB is 8 MHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the strip radiator 201 being less than -6 dB is 200 MHz, the overall efficiency of antenna structure 200 at the center frequency is -1.9 dB, and the radiation efficiency reaches -1.43 dB. Figure 27 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the left-hand circularly polarized antenna 201. The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle, and the vertical axis represents the elevation angle. Darker colors indicate higher gain, and lighter colors indicate lower gain. The white areas in this two-dimensional radiation pattern represent gain less than or equal to -5 dBic. The gain is greater than -5 dBic at all azimuth angles corresponding to the elevation angle, which corresponds to the range of the antenna structure's beamwidth. The same applies to subsequent figures and will not be repeated here. Figure 27 It can be seen that the beamwidth of the strip radiator 201 is only ±45°. For example... Figure 28 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the ring radiator 202 is only ±40°. Figure 29 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of antenna structure 200 can reach ±75°, which is ±30° higher than the coverage range when using only a strip radiator.

[0173] It should be noted that the strip radiator 201 is a linearly polarized antenna. The radiation pattern of a linearly polarized antenna can be decomposed into a left-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern and a right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern. For ease of explanation, this embodiment uses the left-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of the strip radiator 201 as an example.

[0174] Bandwidth refers to the frequency range through which the antenna structure can operate effectively, i.e., the width of the operating frequency band. In the embodiments of this application, bandwidth refers to absolute bandwidth, which is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies of the operating frequency band.

[0175] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of antenna gain to directivity, or the ratio of radiated power to received power. Total efficiency, also known as system efficiency, is the ratio of radiated power to input signal power. Both efficiencies are used to measure an antenna's radiation capability and are generally expressed as a percentage. There is a conversion relationship between percentage and dB; the closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the antenna's performance.

[0176] The azimuth angle is the angle between the line connecting the radiation source point and the far-field observation point and the first direction z, and its value ranges from 0° to 360°. The elevation angle is the angle between the projection of the line connecting the radiation source point and the far-field observation point onto the xy plane and the second direction x, and its value ranges from -90° to 90°. In this embodiment, the radiation source point is antenna structure 200, and the far-field observation point is a satellite communicating with electronic equipment. In the two-dimensional diagram of this embodiment (e.g.) Figure 27 (In the example below), the beamwidth of an antenna structure is illustrated using the range of 0° to 90°. Within the range of -90° to 0°, the beamwidth of the antenna structure has the same or similar characteristics. Therefore, when the azimuth angle of the two-dimensional radiation pattern is 45°, the beamwidth of the antenna structure is ±45°.

[0177] The following explanation uses the annular radiator 202, including the second feeding structure, as an example. Figure 30 As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a second feeding structure 320, and the strip radiator 201 is fed through the annular radiator 202. The strip radiator 201 can be a folded dipole. A seventh spacing D7 = 10 mm exists between the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201. The angle α between the extension direction of the first gap A1 and the first direction z is 10°. The clearance between the annular radiator 202 and the floor, and the fourth spacing H4 (as shown) Figure 10 (As shown) is 3mm.

[0178] In this case, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna structure 200 is 1.58 GHz, the return loss S11 of the ring radiator 202 is less than -6 dB with a bandwidth of 16 MHz, the overall efficiency of antenna structure 200 at the center frequency is -1.35 dB, and the radiation efficiency reaches -1.34 dB. Figure 31 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the left-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of the strip radiator 201 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the strip radiator 201 is only 45°. Figure 32 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the ring radiator 202 is only 33°. Figure 33 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of antenna structure 200 can reach 78°, which is 33° higher than the coverage range of using only a strip radiator.

[0179] The above description uses a strip radiator coupled to a ring radiator for feeding. In other embodiments, the strip radiator 201 includes a third feeding structure coupled between the strip radiator 201 and the feed source. The strip radiator 201 is directly fed through the third feeding structure. It should be noted that the specific form of the third feeding structure is related to the specific form of the strip radiator. For example, the strip radiator can be fed with a direct-feed signal, and the third feeding structure can include a metal wire, or the third feeding structure can include a feed plate that at least partially overlaps with the strip radiator. For example, the strip radiator can be fed with a differential signal, and the third feeding structure can include a microstrip differential pair, a stripline differential pair, a coplanar waveguide differential pair, a differential coaxial cable, or a balun structure, etc.

[0180] In the case where the strip radiator includes a third feeding structure, the ring radiator 202 is directly fed through the first feeding structure or the second feeding structure.

[0181] Taking the annular radiator 202, including the first feeding structure, as an example, as follows: Figure 34 As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a first feed structure 310, and the strip radiator 201 includes a third feed structure 330. The strip radiator 201 can be a folded dipole. The annular radiator 202 includes a first tuning circuit 51, which is connected to the end of the first stub 01 facing the second gap A2. The first tuning circuit 51 is connected to the end of the second stub facing the second gap A2. The first feed terminal P1 is located at the end of the first stub 01 facing the first gap A1. The angle α between the extension direction of the first gap A1 and the first direction z is 0°. Figure 34 (Not shown in the image). The current amplitude ratio of the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 is 1:1.

[0182] In this case, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna structure 200 is 1.58 GHz, the bandwidth of the loop radiator 202 with a return loss S11 less than -6 dB is 12.21 MHz, the overall efficiency of antenna structure 200 at the center frequency is -1.7 dB, and the radiation efficiency reaches -1.63 dB. Figure 35 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the left-hand circularly polarized pattern of the strip radiator 201 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the strip radiator 201 is only ±45°. Figure 36 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the ring radiator 202 is only ±55°. Figure 37 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of antenna structure 200 can reach ±72°, which is 27° higher than the coverage range of using only strip radiator 201.

[0183] The following explanation uses the annular radiator 202, including the second feeding structure, as an example. Figure 38 As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a second feed structure 320, and the strip radiator 201 includes a third feed structure 330. The strip radiator 201 can be a folded dipole. A seventh gap D7 = 15 mm exists between the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201. The angle α between the extension direction of the first gap A1 and the first direction z is 90°. The current amplitude ratio of the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 is 1:1, and the current phase difference is... Degree. The clearance between the annular radiator 202 and the floor, the fourth interval H4 (as shown). Figure 10 (As shown) is 2.5mm.

[0184] In this case, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna structure 200 is 1.58 GHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the ring radiator 202 being less than -6 dB is 8 MHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the strip radiator 201 being less than -6 dB is 150 MHz, the overall efficiency of antenna structure 200 at the center frequency is -1.70 dB, and the radiation efficiency reaches -1.63 dB. Figure 39 As shown, this is a left-hand circular polarization pattern of the strip radiator 201 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the maximum radiation direction points to the zenith (first direction z). Figure 40 for Figure 39 The two-dimensional radiation pattern shows that the beamwidth of the strip radiator 201 is only ±45°. For example... Figure 41 The image shows the radiation pattern of the annular radiator 202 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the annular radiator 202 has an overall outline that is approximately circular in the xz plane, and the radiation intensity is relatively uniform. Figure 42 for Figure 41 The two-dimensional radiation pattern shows that the beamwidth of the ring radiator 202 is only ±41°. (See the image.) Figure 43 As shown, the radiation pattern of antenna structure 200 is a composite radiation pattern formed when the strip radiator 201 and the ring radiator 202 work together. It can be seen that the maximum radiation direction also points to the zenith (first direction z). Figure 44 for Figure 43 The two-dimensional radiation pattern shows that the beamwidth of antenna structure 200 can reach ±80°, which is ±35° higher than the coverage range of only strip radiators.

[0185] Continuing with the example of the annular radiator 202 including the second feed structure, the included angle α and the fourth interval H4 are changed, such as... Figure 45As shown, the annular radiator 202 includes a second feed structure 320, which includes a first differential structure 3201 and a second differential structure 3202. The first differential structure 3201 is connected to the first stub 01, feeding a first differential signal to the first feed terminal and the first ground terminal. The second differential structure 3202 is connected to the second stub 02, feeding a second differential signal to the second feed terminal and the second ground terminal. The strip radiator 201 includes a third feed structure 330, and the strip radiator 201 can be a folded dipole. The angle α between the extension direction of the first gap A1 and the first direction z is 0°. Figure 45 (Not shown in the image). The current amplitude ratio of the ring radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 is 1:1, and the current phase difference is... Degree. The clearance between the annular radiator 202 and the floor, the fourth interval H4 (as shown). Figure 10 (As shown) is 4mm.

[0186] In this case, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of antenna structure 200 is 1.58 GHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the ring radiator 202 being less than -6 dB is 17 MHz, the bandwidth of the return loss S11 of the strip radiator 201 being less than -6 dB is 200 MHz, the overall efficiency of antenna structure 200 at the center frequency is -2.83 dB, and the radiation efficiency reaches -1.42 dB. Figure 46 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the left-hand circularly polarized pattern of the strip radiator 201 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the strip radiator 201 is only ±35°. Figure 47 The image shown is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of the ring radiator 202 of the antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of the ring radiator 202 is only ±40°. Figure 48 The image shows a two-dimensional radiation pattern of antenna structure 200. It can be seen that the beamwidth of antenna structure 200 can reach ±70°, which is ±35° higher than the coverage range when using only a strip radiator.

[0187] Furthermore, in cases where the strip radiator includes a third feeding structure, the ring radiator 202 can also be fed via coupling from the strip radiator 201. To allow for flexible configuration of the antenna structure's feeding method, in some embodiments, such as... Figure 49 As shown, the antenna structure also includes a switching device 400, which is coupled to the ring radiator 202, the strip radiator 201 and the feed source. The switching device 400 is used to connect at least one of the ring radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 to the feed source.

[0188] In some embodiments, the annular radiator 202 includes a first feed structure. A switching device 400 is coupled to the first feed structure, the third feed structure, and the feed source, and the switching device 400 is used to connect at least one of the first and third feed structures to the feed source. In other embodiments, the annular radiator 202 includes a second feed structure. The switching device 400 is coupled to the second and third feed structures and the feed source, and the switching device 400 is used to connect at least one of the second and third feed structures to the feed source.

[0189] There are various ways to implement switching devices. Some examples include... Figure 49 As shown, the switching device 400 can be a double-pole double-throw switch. In other examples, such as... Figure 50 As shown, the switching device 400 may include a first switch 401 and a second switch 402. The first switch 401 and the second switch 402 may be single-pole double-throw switches or diodes that can control on / off states. The switching device 400 may also include a power divider 403, which can split the signal from the feed source into two paths with equal amplitude. The switching device 400 may also include a phase shifter 404, which can adjust the phase difference between the two signals.

[0190] The switching device 400 can be used to control the feeding method of the antenna structure. In some examples, the switching device controls both the first and third feeding structures to be connected to the feed source, with the ring radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 being fed in a distributed manner. In other examples, the switching device controls the first feeding structure to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the third feeding structure to be disconnected from the feed source. The ring radiator 202 receives a direct-feed signal through the first feeding structure, and the strip radiator 201 is fed through the ring radiator 202. In still other examples, the switching device controls the third feeding structure to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the first feeding structure to be disconnected from the feed source. The strip radiator 201 receives a direct-feed signal through the third feeding structure, and the ring radiator 202 is fed through the strip radiator 201.

[0191] The switching device 400 can also be used to control the operating states of the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201. In some examples, the switching device controls both the first and third feed structures to be connected to the feed source, and both the annular radiator 202 and the strip radiator 201 are in an operating state. In other examples, the switching device controls the first feed structure to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the third feed structure to be disconnected from the feed source, with the annular radiator 202 in an operating state and the strip radiator 201 in a non-operating state. In still other examples, the switching device controls the third feed structure to be connected to the feed source, and also controls the first feed structure to be disconnected from the feed source, with the strip radiator 201 in an operating state and the annular radiator 202 in a non-operating state.

[0192] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0193] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A ring-shaped radiator, characterized in that, The annular radiator has a first slit and a second slit, which divide the annular radiator into a first stub and a second stub; the electrical length of each stub in the first stub and the second stub is in the range of λ / 2±λ / 8; where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. The annular radiator is used to generate a first current on the first branch and a second current on the second branch; the first current flows from the first gap to the second gap, and the second current flows from the second gap to the first gap.

2. The annular radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first branch has a first power supply terminal, which is located at the end of the first branch facing the first gap.

3. The annular radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first branch has a first power supply terminal and a first ground terminal, the first ground terminal being located on the side of the first power supply terminal facing the first gap; The second branch has a second power supply terminal and a second grounding terminal, with the second grounding terminal located on the side of the second grounding terminal facing the second gap; The first power supply terminal and the first gap have a first distance D1, and the first power supply terminal and the second gap have a second distance D2; 1 / 3≤D1 / D2≤3; the second power supply terminal and the first gap have a third distance D3, and the second power supply terminal and the second gap have a fourth distance D4; 1 / 3≤D3 / D4≤3; D1+D3=D2+D4; The first power supply terminal and the first ground terminal are used to feed in the first differential signal; the second power supply terminal and the second ground terminal are used to feed in the second differential signal.

4. A ring-shaped radiator, characterized in that, The annular radiator has a first slit and a second slit, which divide the annular radiator into two segments: a first segment and a second segment; the electrical length of each segment in the first segment and the second segment is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8; where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. The first branch has a first power supply terminal, which is located at the end of the first branch facing the first gap.

5. The annular radiator according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The annular radiator includes: A first tuning circuit; the first tuning circuit is coupled to one end of the first branch facing the second gap, and the first tuning circuit is also coupled to one end of the second branch facing the second gap.

6. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 2, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The annular radiator includes a first feed plate, which is stacked with the first feed terminal, and there is a first gap H1 between the first feed plate and the first feed terminal, so that the first feed plate is coupled to the first feed terminal.

7. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 2, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The second branch has a second power supply end located at the end of the second branch facing the first gap.

8. The annular radiator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The annular radiator includes a second feed plate; The second feed sheet is stacked with the first feed terminal, and the second feed sheet is stacked with the second feed terminal; there is a second interval H2 between the second feed sheet and the first feed terminal, and a third interval H3 between the second feed sheet and the second feed terminal; H2≠H3.

9. The annular radiator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The annular radiator includes a third feed plate; the third feed plate is stacked with the first feed end and the second feed end; a fourth interval H4 exists between the third feed plate and the first feed end; a fourth interval H4 exists between the third feed plate and the second feed end. The area where the vertical projection of the third feed plate on the annular radiator overlaps with the first feed end is S1. The area where the vertical projection of the third feed plate on the annular radiator overlaps with the area of ​​the second feed end is S2; S1≠S2.

10. A ring-shaped radiator, characterized in that, The annular radiator has a first slit and a second slit, which divide the annular radiator into two segments: a first segment and a second segment; the electrical length of each segment in the first segment and the second segment is in the range of λ / 2 ± λ / 8; where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure. The first branch has a first power supply terminal and a first ground terminal, the first ground terminal being located on the side of the first power supply terminal facing the first gap; The second branch has a second power supply terminal and a second grounding terminal, with the second grounding terminal located on the side of the second grounding terminal facing the second gap; The first power supply terminal and the first gap have a first distance D1, and the first power supply terminal and the second gap have a second distance D2; 1 / 3≤D1 / D2≤3; the second power supply terminal and the first gap have a third distance D3, and the second power supply terminal and the second gap have a fourth distance D4; 1 / 3≤D3 / D4≤3; D1+D3=D2+D4; The first power supply terminal and the first ground terminal are used to feed in the first differential signal; The second power supply terminal and the second ground terminal are used to feed in the second differential signal.

11. The annular radiator according to claim 3 or 10, characterized in that, The first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 are equal, and the third spacing D3 and the fourth spacing D4 are equal.

12. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 3, 10, or 11, characterized in that, There is a fifth spacing D5 between the first grounding terminal and the first feed terminal, and L / 32≥D5>0; There is a sixth spacing D6 between the second grounding terminal and the second feed terminal, and L / 32≥D6>0; Where L is the circumference of the annular radiator.

13. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 3 or 10-12, characterized in that, The annular radiator also includes a power divider, the input of which is connected to the feed source, one output of which is connected to the first feed source, the other output of which is connected to the second feed source, and both the first grounding terminal and the second grounding terminal are connected to the ground.

14. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The annular radiator further includes a second tuning circuit; the second tuning circuit is coupled between the first branch and the floor, and / or the second tuning circuit is coupled between the second branch and the floor.

15. The annular radiator according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first branch and the second branch have the same physical length.

16. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: A strip radiator, and a ring radiator as described in any one of claims 1-15; The annular radiator and the strip radiator have a seventh spacing D7, where D7 < λ / 2.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 16, characterized in that, The antenna structure also includes: a switching device; The switching device is coupled to the annular radiator, the strip radiator and the feed source, and the switching device is used to connect at least one of the annular radiator and the strip radiator to the feed source.

18. The antenna structure according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The antenna structure is used for satellite communication.

19. A housing assembly, characterized in that, Includes a back cover and an annular radiator as described in any one of claims 1-15; the annular radiator is located on the back cover.

20. A housing assembly, characterized in that, Includes a back cover and an antenna structure as described in any one of claims 16-18; the annular radiator of the antenna structure is located on the back cover.

21. The housing assembly according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The rear cover has a lens hole; the annular radiator is arranged around the lens hole.

22. The housing assembly according to any one of claims 19-21, characterized in that, The housing assembly further includes a frame that is arranged around the circumference of the rear cover; the antenna structure further includes a strip radiator, at least a portion of the frame being multiplexed as the strip radiator of the antenna structure.

23. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The display screen, and the housing assembly according to any one of claims 19-22; the mid-frame of the housing assembly is located between the display screen and the rear cover of the housing assembly.

24. The electronic device according to claim 23, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: First circuit board; The second circuit board is located on the side of the back cover facing the middle frame; the first circuit board is electrically connected to the second circuit board; The antenna structure of the housing assembly includes a first feeding structure or a second feeding structure, which is located on the second circuit board.

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