A multi-band array antenna for low earth orbit satellite communications

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-band array antenna for low-orbit satellite communication, belong to the technical field of satellite communication antenna, it includes: metal substrate, and GNSS &S downlink integrated antenna unit and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit;GNSS &S downlink integrated antenna unit is used to receive GNSS signal and receive S-band downlink signal, and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit is used to emit S-band uplink signal;All GNSS &S downlink integrated antenna unit and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit are sequentially spaced around the center of metal substrate.This application can integrate the antenna unit of multiple similar frequencies, all antenna units are arranged in the same layer, so that the overall size of antenna is smaller and the weight is lighter, thereby meeting the needs of users for equipment terminal miniaturization, lightweight, multifunctional, at the same time, the arrangement of all antenna units can be applied to the antenna with similar frequency bands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication antenna technology, and more specifically to a multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of low-Earth orbit satellite internet constellations, user terminals are evolving towards miniaturization, lightweight design, and multi-functionality. Traditional satellite communication terminals require separate transmitting and receiving antennas for different frequency bands, with antennas for different functions being deployed independently, resulting in large space occupation and high costs, which is not conducive to the development of portable terminals.

[0003] While existing technologies disclose multi-band integrated antennas, most employ a stacked structure with a high profile, increasing the overall thickness of the device. This still hinders miniaturization design of the terminal. Furthermore, existing technologies for integrating antennas of different frequency bands are mostly designed for antennas operating at significantly different frequencies; for antennas operating at similar frequencies, there are currently no good integration solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-band array antenna for low-orbit satellite communication, in order to solve the problem that existing multi-band integrated antennas have a high profile and are not suitable for antennas used in close frequency bands.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication includes: a metal substrate, and a GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit and an S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit; the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit is used to receive GNSS signals and receive S-band downlink signals, and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit is used to transmit S-band uplink signals; all the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units are arranged sequentially at intervals around the center of the metal substrate.

[0006] Furthermore, all the aforementioned GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units and all S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units are arranged in a ring array around the center of the metal substrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the number of the aforementioned GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units are both 4, and all GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units and all S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units are arranged in a 90° rotation around the center of the metal substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit includes a first dielectric substrate, a first metal patch, a second metal patch, and a first feed point disposed on the top of the first dielectric substrate, as well as a first feed probe; The second metal patch is located inside the first metal patch. The first feed point is located between the first metal patch and the second metal patch and has a gap between the first metal patch and the second metal patch. One end of the first feed probe is connected to the first feed point, and the other end of the first feed probe passes through the first dielectric substrate and the metal substrate.

[0009] Furthermore, the first metal patch is provided with at least one first chamfer, or the first metal patch is provided with at least one first chamfer and at least one second chamfer, wherein the area of ​​the first chamfer is greater than the area of ​​the second chamfer.

[0010] Furthermore, the edge of the aforementioned second metal patch is provided with a third chamfer.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the first dielectric substrate is provided with an annular groove, so that the bottom of the first dielectric substrate forms a cylindrical portion, and the bottom of the cylindrical portion is provided with a first metal ground plane.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit includes a second dielectric substrate, a third metal patch, a fourth metal patch, and a second feed point disposed on the top of the second dielectric substrate, as well as a second feed probe; a second metal ground plane is provided at the bottom of the second dielectric substrate. The fourth metal patch is disposed inside the third metal patch. The second feed point is electrically connected to the fourth metal patch. One end of the second feed probe is connected to the second feed point, and the other end of the second feed probe passes through the second dielectric substrate, the second metal ground plane, and the metal substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned third metal patch includes four L-shaped radiating units, and the fourth metal patch is disposed within the area enclosed by the four L-shaped radiating units.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned fourth metal patch has at least one fourth chamfer, or the fourth metal patch has at least one fourth chamfer and at least one fifth chamfer, wherein the area of ​​the fourth chamfer is greater than the area of ​​the fifth chamfer.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention can integrate multiple antenna units with similar frequencies into one function. All antenna units are set in the same layer, making the overall size of the antenna smaller and lighter, thereby meeting the current user demand for miniaturization, lightweighting and multi-functionality of device terminals. At the same time, the arrangement of all antenna units can be applied to antennas with similar operating frequency bands.

[0016] (2) The arrangement of all antenna elements in this invention has the following effects: 1. To ensure a consistent spatial electromagnetic environment for all array elements, simplifying array calibration; 2. To ensure that the array has symmetrical polarization response and radiation pattern characteristics in the azimuth angle, so as to ensure that the terminal maintains stable communication quality when low-orbit satellites pass by rapidly. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced one by one below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 The S-parameter curves of the GNSS signal receiving antenna unit, the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna unit, and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are shown in the array.

[0019] Figure 7 The gain (main polarization) curve of the GNSS signal receiving antenna unit in the operating frequency band provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 8 The gain (main polarization) curve of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit in the operating frequency band provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 9 The gain (main polarization) curve of the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna unit in the operating frequency band provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-band array antenna for low-orbit satellite communication provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 10-Metal substrate; 20-GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit; 21-First dielectric substrate; 22-First metal patch; 23-Second metal patch; 24-First feed point; 25-First feed probe; 26-First chamfer; 27-Second chamfer; 28-Third chamfer; 29-First metal ground plane; 30-S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit; 31-Second dielectric substrate; 32-Third metal patch; 33-Fourth metal patch; 34-Second feed point; 35-Second feed probe; 36-Second metal ground plane; 37-L-shaped radiating element; 38-Fourth chamfer; 39-Fifth chamfer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "vertical direction," "horizontal direction," "+45° or -45° direction," "upper," "middle," "lower," and similar expressions are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication. It can receive GNSS signals and S-band downlink signals, and also transmit S-band uplink signals. Specifically, this multi-band array antenna for LEO satellite communication is a transceiver antenna, comprising: a metal substrate 10, a GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20, and an S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30. The GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20 is used to receive GNSS signals and S-band downlink signals, while the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30 is used to transmit S-band uplink signals. All GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 are arranged sequentially and at intervals around the center of the metal substrate 10, that is, all GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and all S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 are arranged in a ring, and there are two S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 on each side of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20, and two GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 on each side of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30.

[0028] Preferably, the number of GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30 can be the same or different, depending on the performance and power consumption requirements of the device terminal.

[0029] Preferably, the data communication frequency band in the multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication provided in the above embodiments is not limited to the S-band, but can also be C, L, Ku, Ka, X, etc., and can also be used for high-Earth orbit satellite communication or high-low orbit integrated satellite communication. Specifically, the integrated design of the GNSS and downlink satellite communication antenna elements is based on the GNSS and satellite communication frequency band settings, that is, the wavelength corresponding to the lower frequency band is larger, and the design size of the antenna radiating element is also larger; if a substrate stacking form is used, in a common aperture design, the lower frequency band antenna radiating element is located on the lower layer, and the higher frequency band antenna radiating element is located on the upper layer. For the common substrate form, from a vertical direction, the lower frequency band antenna can be located on the outer periphery, and the higher frequency band antenna radiating element is located on the inner side. The specific positional relationship is not limited here, as long as multi-band satellite communication can be realized within the same module.

[0030] Generally, satellite communication frequencies are higher than those used for GNSS signals (used for satellite navigation and positioning). Therefore, in a shared-base GNSS and downlink integrated antenna unit, the GNSS antenna radiating unit is located on the periphery, while the satellite communication antenna radiating unit is located on the inner side of the same plane. Specifically, the GNSS and downlink integrated antenna unit is used to receive GNSS signals and downlink signals in the satellite communication band, while the satellite communication band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit is used to transmit uplink signals in the satellite communication band. All GNSS and downlink integrated antenna units and satellite communication band uplink signal transmitting antenna units are arranged sequentially and at intervals around the center of the metal substrate, forming a ring. Furthermore, each GNSS and downlink integrated antenna unit is flanked by two satellite communication band uplink signal transmitting antenna units, and each satellite communication band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit is flanked by two GNSS and downlink integrated antenna units.

[0031] The GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20 is arranged in a ring array around the center of the metal substrate 10, and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30 is also arranged in a ring array around the center of the metal substrate 10. The radii of the two ring arrays can be the same or different. The distance between adjacent GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 can be the same or different.

[0032] More preferably, the number of GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 are both four. The four GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 are arranged in a ring array and are sequentially arranged by rotating 90° around the metal substrate 10. The four S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 are also arranged in a ring array and are sequentially arranged by rotating 90° around the metal substrate 10. In this embodiment, the ring array radius of the four GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 is larger than the ring array radius of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30, so that the four GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and the four S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 form a square. At this time, the four GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 are located at the four corners of the square, and the four S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 are located at the four sides of the square. Furthermore, the distance between adjacent GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units 30 is the same.

[0033] The number of GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna elements 20 and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna elements 30 is not limited to four and can be flexibly set according to actual needs. Furthermore, a modular array approach can be used to maximize performance.

[0034] In this embodiment, the two types of antenna elements are arranged in an alternating pattern, which improves the isolation between multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, the nested inner and outer ring structure is itself an efficient way to utilize planar space. It cleverly distributes multiple linearly arranged antenna elements on two circles of different radii, effectively reducing the array's footprint and making the entire array more compact. This also provides a structural foundation for ultimately achieving a smaller overall terminal size.

[0035] Meanwhile, the two antenna element rotational symmetry layouts in this embodiment have the following technical effects: (1) making the spatial electromagnetic environment of each array element consistent and simplifying array calibration; (2) making the array have symmetrical polarization response and radiation pattern characteristics in the azimuth angle, ensuring that the terminal maintains stable communication quality when low-orbit satellites pass by quickly.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit 20 includes a first dielectric substrate 21, a first metal patch 22, a second metal patch 23, a first feed point 24, and a first feed probe 25 disposed on the top of the first dielectric substrate 21. The first metal patch 22 serves as a receiving antenna for low-frequency waves, and in this embodiment, it is a GNSS signal receiving antenna unit. The second metal patch 23 serves as a receiving antenna for high-frequency waves, and in this embodiment, it is an S-band downlink signal receiving antenna unit.

[0037] The first dielectric substrate 21 is made of LCP and is deposited on the metal substrate 10. A first metal patch 22 and a second metal patch 23 are respectively deposited on top of the first dielectric substrate 21. The first metal patch 22 is annular, and the second metal patch 23 is located inside the first metal patch 22. There is no electrical connection between the second metal patch 23 and the first metal patch 22, but a gap exists between them. A first power supply point 24 is located between the first metal patch 22 and the second metal patch 23. There is no electrical connection between the first power supply point 24 and the first metal patch 22 and the second metal patch 23; energy is transferred entirely through electromagnetic coupling, as shown by the gap between the first metal patch 22 and the second metal patch 23. One end of the first feed probe 25 is connected to the first feed point 24, and the other end of the first feed probe 25 passes through the first dielectric substrate 21 and the metal substrate 10 in sequence and is connected to the external feed network. There is no electrical connection between the first feed probe 25 and the metal substrate 10, such as a gap between the first feed probe 25 and the metal substrate 10.

[0038] In this embodiment, the bottom of the first dielectric substrate 21 is provided with an annular groove, forming a cylindrical portion at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate 21. A first metal ground plane 29 is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical portion. The first feed probe 25 can pass directly through the annular groove or through the cylindrical portion. Regardless of where the first feed probe 25 passes through, there is no electrical connection between the first feed probe 25 and the first metal ground plane 29. The annular groove at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate 21 not only effectively reduces the weight of the antenna but also introduces air dielectric at the annular groove, lowering the effective dielectric constant of the antenna resonant structure overall. This increases or broadens the resonant frequency, which is beneficial for maintaining good impedance matching over a wider frequency range. Simultaneously, the change in the shape of the first metal ground plane 29 allows the operating frequency bands of the first metal patch 22 and the second metal patch 23 to be closer together, effectively solving the antenna integration problem for near-band frequencies.

[0039] The vertex of the first metal patch 22 is provided with at least one first chamfer 26 for generating a circularly polarized wave, or the vertex of the first metal patch 22 is provided with at least one first chamfer 26 for generating a circularly polarized wave, and at least one second chamfer 27 for optimizing impedance matching or improving axial ratio, wherein the area of ​​the first chamfer 26 is larger than the area of ​​the second chamfer 27.

[0040] Preferably, both the first tangent angle 26 and the second tangent angle 27 are isosceles right triangles.

[0041] Preferably, the outer edge of the first metal patch 22 is rectangular, with a first chamfer 26 on two opposite corners and a second chamfer 27 on the other two opposite corners.

[0042] In other embodiments of the present invention, the chamfer of the first metal patch 22 may be greater than 4. The geometric perturbation formed by the chamfer causes the resonant frequencies of the two orthogonal modes generated by the power supply to be separated, thereby forming the 90° phase difference required to generate a circularly polarized wave.

[0043] The edge of the second metal patch 23 is provided with a third chamfer 28 for generating a circularly polarized wave. The number and shape of the third chamfer 28 are not limited, as long as a circularly polarized wave is generated through the third chamfer 28. Preferably, the second metal patch 23 is circular, and the number of third chamfers 28 is 2, with the line connecting the two third chamfers 28 passing through the center of the second metal patch 23.

[0044] Preferably, the third chamfer 28 is a U-shaped groove, and the size of the U-shaped groove is related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic signal received by the second metal patch 23.

[0045] After the first metal patch 22 and the second metal patch 23 receive GNSS signals and S-band downlink signals respectively, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic waves induces currents corresponding to the frequency bands on the surfaces of the corresponding metal patches. Specifically, the GNSS signal induces a current corresponding to the GNSS signal frequency band on the surface of the first metal patch 22, and the S-band downlink signal induces a current corresponding to the S-band frequency band on the surface of the second metal patch 23. Subsequently, a changing electromagnetic field is generated in the space surrounding the current. This changing electromagnetic field induces energy to the first feed point 24 through electromagnetic coupling, and then transmits the induced signal to the external feed network through the first feed probe 25.

[0046] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30 includes a second dielectric substrate 31, a third metal patch 32, a fourth metal patch 33, a second feed point 34, and a second feed probe 35 disposed on the top of the second dielectric substrate 31; a second metal ground plane 36 is provided at the bottom of the second dielectric substrate 31. The second dielectric substrate 31 is made of LCP and is laid on a metal substrate 10. The third metal patch 32 is disposed near the edge of the second dielectric substrate 31, and the fourth metal patch 33 is disposed inside the third metal patch 32, and there is no electrical connection between the fourth metal patch 33 and the third metal patch 32, such as a gap between the fourth metal patch 33 and the third metal patch 32. The second feed point 34 is disposed inside the fourth metal patch 33, so that the second feed point 34 is electrically connected to the fourth metal patch 33. One end of the second feed probe 35 is connected to the second feed point 34, and the other end of the second feed probe 35 passes through the second dielectric substrate 31, the second metal ground plane 36 and the metal substrate 10 and is connected to the external feed network.

[0047] The third metal patch 32 is generally ring-shaped and has four rectangular grooves, which make the third metal patch 32 form four L-shaped radiation units 37. The fourth metal patch 33 is set in the area enclosed by the four L-shaped radiation units 37.

[0048] Preferably, the outer and inner sides of the third metal patch 32 are both rectangular, the four rectangular grooves are centrally symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of the third metal patch 32, and the four L-shaped radiating elements 37 are located at the four corners of the third metal patch 32. This periodically loaded slot structure effectively extends the current path and realizes the reconstruction of the current distribution on the antenna surface. Its purpose is to introduce additional resonant modes and generate orthogonal degenerate modes, thereby providing a physical basis for realizing broadband circularly polarized radiation.

[0049] The fourth metal patch 33 is provided with at least one fourth chamfer 38 for generating a circularly polarized wave, or the fourth metal patch 33 is provided with at least one fourth chamfer 38 for generating a circularly polarized wave and at least one fifth chamfer 39 for optimizing impedance matching or improving axial ratio, wherein the area of ​​the fourth chamfer 38 is larger than the area of ​​the fifth chamfer 39.

[0050] Preferably, the fourth tangent angle 38 and the fifth tangent angle 39 are both isosceles right triangles.

[0051] Preferably, the fourth metal patch 33 is rectangular, with a fourth chamfer 38 on two opposite corners and a fifth chamfer 39 on the other two opposite corners.

[0052] In other embodiments of the present invention, the chamfer of the fourth metal patch 33 may also be greater than 4, as long as the geometric perturbation formed by the chamfer can separate the resonant frequencies of the two orthogonal modes generated by the power supply, thereby forming the 90° phase difference required to generate a circularly polarized wave.

[0053] This embodiment employs an asymmetric chamfer perturbation design to cause frequency splitting of the orthogonal degenerate modes of the fourth metal patch 33, thereby obtaining orthogonal electric field components with equal amplitude and a 90° phase difference at a specific operating frequency, achieving high-quality circularly polarized radiation from the antenna. This design significantly reduces the antenna's axial ratio, enhances its tolerance to incoming wave polarization direction, and improves the system's resistance to multipath interference.

[0054] When the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30 of this embodiment transmits the S-band uplink signal, the radio frequency signal generated by the external feed network is transmitted to the second feed point 34 via the second feed probe 35. The energy first excites orthogonal degenerate modes in the dielectric layer at the bottom of the fourth metal patch 33. Utilizing the asymmetric chamfer of the fourth metal patch 33, a 90° phase difference is generated between the orthogonal modes, forming a circularly polarized fundamental wave. Subsequently, the electromagnetic field at the edge of the fourth metal patch 33 crosses the isolation gap between the third metal patch 32 and the fourth metal patch 33 through near-field coupling, inducing a corresponding surface current on the third metal patch 32. The four rectangular grooves on the third metal patch 32 guide the current in a ring distribution, further radiating the energy generated by the fourth metal patch 33. Finally, the electromagnetic fields generated by the third metal patch 32 and the fourth metal patch 33 are vector-superimposed in the far-field region, jointly forming a broadband, low-axis-ratio circularly polarized radiation wave.

[0055] Figure 6The graph shows the S-parameter curves of the GNSS signal receiving antenna unit, the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna unit, and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit in the array. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents S-parameter (dB). As can be seen from the graph, a bandwidth of -10dB covers all operating frequencies of GNSS, S-band uplink, and S-band downlink. Specifically, the S-parameter curve of the GNSS signal receiving antenna unit in the array shows that the S-parameters from 1.5507GHz to 1.6136GHz are consistently ≤-10dB, covering the L1, E1, and B1 bands of the four major GNSS navigation systems. Similarly, the S-parameter curve of the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna unit in the array shows that the S-parameters from 2.0916GHz to 2.2234GHz are consistently ≤-10dB, covering all operating frequencies of S-band downlink. Likewise, the S-parameter curve of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit in the array shows that the S-parameters from 1.8959GHz to 2.0409GHz are consistently ≤-10dB, covering all operating frequencies of S-band uplink.

[0056] Figure 7 The graph shows the gain (primary polarization) curve of the GNSS signal receiving antenna element in the normal direction within the operating frequency band. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents the gain achieved by right-hand circular polarization (dB). As can be seen from the graph, the primary polarization gain of the GNSS signal receiving antenna element in the normal direction is within the range of 2.0dBi-3.0dBi, which meets the target gain requirements.

[0057] Figure 8 The graph shows the gain (primary polarization) curve of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna element in the normal direction within the operating frequency band. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents the gain achieved by right-hand circular polarization (dB). As can be seen from the graph, the primary polarization gain of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna element is in the range of 2.5dBi-3.2dBi, which meets the target gain requirements.

[0058] Figure 9 The graph shows the gain (primary polarization) curve of the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna element in the normal direction within the operating frequency band. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents the gain achieved by right-hand circular polarization (dB). As can be seen from the graph, the primary polarization gain of the S-band downlink signal receiving antenna element is within the range of 2.5dBi-4.5dBi, which meets the target gain requirements.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] like Figure 10As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication, capable of receiving GNSS signals and S-band downlink signals. That is, the multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication in this embodiment is a receiving antenna. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment does not include an S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit 30. That is, the multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication in this embodiment only includes a metal substrate 10 and several GNSS & S downlink integrated antenna units 20. The structure of the GNSS & S downlink integrated antenna units 20 and their arrangement on the metal substrate 10 are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Similarly, the number of the above-mentioned GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna elements 20 is not limited to [number missing]. Figure 10 The four shown can be flexibly configured according to actual needs. Furthermore, a modular array approach can be used to maximize performance.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication, characterized in that, include: The metal substrate (10) includes a GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit (20) and an S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit (30). The GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit (20) is used to receive GNSS signals and receive S-band downlink signals, and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit (30) is used to transmit S-band uplink signals. All of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units (20) and S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units (30) are arranged sequentially at intervals around the center of the metal substrate (10).

2. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, All of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units (20) and all of the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units (30) are arranged in a ring array around the center of the metal substrate (10).

3. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit (20) and the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit (30) are both 4. All the GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna units (20) and all the S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna units (30) are arranged in a 90° rotation around the center of the metal substrate (10).

4. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The GNSS&S downlink integrated antenna unit (20) includes a first dielectric substrate (21), a first metal patch (22), a second metal patch (23), a first feed point (24), and a first feed probe (25) disposed on the top of the first dielectric substrate (21). The second metal patch (23) is located inside the first metal patch (22), the first feed point (24) is located between the first metal patch (22) and the second metal patch (23) and has a gap between the first metal patch (22) and the second metal patch (23), one end of the first feed probe (25) is connected to the first feed point (24), and the other end of the first feed probe (25) passes through the first dielectric substrate (21) and the metal substrate (10).

5. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first metal patch (22) has at least one first chamfer (26), or the first metal patch (22) has at least one first chamfer (26) and at least one second chamfer (27), wherein the area of ​​the first chamfer (26) is greater than the area of ​​the second chamfer (27).

6. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The edge of the second metal patch (23) is provided with a third chamfer (28).

7. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the first dielectric substrate (21) is provided with an annular groove, so that the bottom of the first dielectric substrate (21) forms a cylindrical part, and the bottom of the cylindrical part is provided with a first metal ground plane (29).

8. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S-band uplink signal transmitting antenna unit (30) includes a second dielectric substrate (31), a third metal patch (32), a fourth metal patch (33), a second feed point (34) disposed on the top of the second dielectric substrate (31), and a second feed probe (35); a second metal ground plane (36) is provided at the bottom of the second dielectric substrate (31). The fourth metal patch (33) is disposed inside the third metal patch (32), the second feed point (34) is electrically connected to the fourth metal patch (33), one end of the second feed probe (35) is connected to the second feed point (34), and the other end of the second feed probe (35) passes through the second dielectric substrate (31), the second metal ground plane (36) and the metal substrate (10).

9. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 8, characterized in that, The third metal patch (32) includes four L-shaped radiating units (37), and the fourth metal patch (33) is disposed in the area enclosed by the four L-shaped radiating units (37).

10. The multi-band array antenna for low-Earth orbit satellite communication according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth metal patch (33) has at least one fourth chamfer (38), or the fourth metal patch (33) has at least one fourth chamfer (38) and at least one fifth chamfer (39), wherein the area of ​​the fourth chamfer (38) is greater than the area of ​​the fifth chamfer (39).

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