Unit cabin level electric energy storage and power distribution system of non-walk-in energy storage combination cabinet

Abstract

The application discloses a unit cabin level electric energy storage and power distribution system of a non-entry type energy storage combined cabinet, which comprises a non-entry type cabinet body, a total control unit, a main power distribution circuit and a plurality of independent sealed unit cabins which are arranged in the non-entry type cabinet body and are mutually isolated; the inside of each unit cabin is provided with an energy storage cell group, a local measurement and control module and a cabin level power distribution branch; the cabin level power distribution branches of the unit cabins are connected in parallel to the main power distribution circuit; each local measurement and control module independently collects operation parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and cabin level power distribution branch operation parameters, generates a single cabin electric energy regulation and control instruction and controls the cabin level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit cabin to execute on-off regulation and control and power regulation operation. The application realizes single cabin level fault self-isolation disposal, and the fault cannot affect the remaining normal units, thereby greatly improving system operation continuity, and the fault disposal can be completed without contacting high-voltage components in the cabinet, thereby obviously reducing operation and maintenance safety risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution technology for non-walk-in energy storage cabinets, and more particularly to a unit-level energy storage and power distribution system for non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] Distributed electrochemical energy storage is a core supporting device for new power systems, and is widely used in scenarios such as industrial and commercial peak-valley arbitrage, distribution network load regulation, and photovoltaic-storage microgrid power supply. Non-walk-in energy storage combination cabinets have become the mainstream application form for small and medium-sized energy storage scenarios below 1MWh due to their small footprint, high protection level, and flexible deployment. In recent years, the market installed capacity has continued to grow rapidly, and the industry's requirements for the operational safety, fault isolation capability, ease of operation and maintenance, and expansion flexibility of such equipment have also continued to increase.

[0003] Most mainstream non-walk-in energy storage power distribution systems currently adopt a centralized cabinet architecture, where all battery cell modules are connected in parallel to a unified main power distribution circuit. The battery management system (BMS) at the cabinet level collects the operating parameters of all cells and centrally controls the on / off state and power regulation of the main circuit. This architecture has low implementation cost and simple control logic, and is widely used in small-capacity energy storage scenarios. However, it has significant drawbacks: when a single cell or branch fails, the main switch of the entire cabinet needs to be tripped, resulting in a complete power outage and low system availability; troubleshooting and handling require opening the cabinet door to access the internal high-voltage components, and the narrow interior space of non-walk-in cabinets leaves little room for personnel to operate, posing a high risk of electric shock to maintenance personnel; the entire cabinet shares a fire extinguishing device, and if a fire is triggered, the extinguishing agent will cover all normal battery cell modules, causing additional damage to fault-free equipment and increasing maintenance costs.

[0004] Some semi-modular walk-in energy storage systems separate battery cells into independently installed modules, but the power distribution circuits still share core protection devices, and the measurement and control logic is still executed uniformly by the main control unit of the entire cabinet, lacking independent single-compartment-level control capabilities. Compared with the centralized architecture, this architecture reduces the difficulty of module replacement, but still has shortcomings: fault handling relies on commands issued by the main control unit, and communication delays or main control unit failures can lead to untimely fault handling, easily causing fault propagation to adjacent modules; system expansion requires reconfiguration of the main control unit parameters, making the expansion operation complex and time-consuming; and switching to off-grid status requires the entire cabinet to be shut down, making it unsuitable for load scenarios with high requirements for power supply continuity.

[0005] The shortcomings of the aforementioned existing technologies have become the core bottleneck restricting the further promotion and application of non-walk-in energy storage systems. The industry urgently needs energy storage and distribution solutions that can achieve independent fault isolation at the single-compartment level, convenient operation and maintenance, and flexible expansion to meet the increasingly demanding operational requirements of distributed energy storage scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a unit-level energy storage and power distribution system for non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinets to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art, such as easy failure of existing non-walk-in energy storage power distribution systems that can easily trigger the entire cabinet to shut down, high operation and maintenance safety risks, and complex expansion and grid-connected / off-grid switching operations.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a unit-level energy storage and power distribution system for a non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet, including a non-walk-in cabinet body, a central control unit, a main power distribution circuit, and multiple independent sealed unit compartments located within the non-walk-in cabinet body and isolated from each other. Each independent sealed unit compartment is equipped with an energy storage cell group, a local measurement and control module, and a compartment-level power distribution branch. The compartment-level power distribution branch of each independent sealed unit compartment is connected in parallel to the main power distribution circuit. Each local measurement and control module is communicatively connected to the central control unit. Each local measurement and control module is connected to the energy storage cell group and the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment. The local measurement and control module independently collects the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, generates single-compartment power control commands, and controls the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment to perform on / off control and power regulation operations. The central control unit summarizes the operating parameters of each independent sealed unit compartment, generates a global dispatch command based on the external load on the cabinet side and the grid dispatch target, and sends it to each local measurement and control module. The global dispatch command is used to uniformly allocate the charging and discharging power of each independent sealed unit compartment and adjust the output power of the non-walk-in cabinet body to match the external load and the grid dispatch target. When the energy storage cell of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment fails, has thermal anomalies, or has a power distribution branch failure, the local measurement and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment directly cuts off the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment. Based on the sealing structure of the independent sealed unit compartment and the disconnection action of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment, electrical isolation and physical thermal isolation are formed for the faulty independent sealed unit compartment.

[0008] Preferably, each independent sealed unit is also equipped with an independent temperature detection component and an aerosol fire extinguishing component. Both the temperature detection component and the aerosol fire extinguishing component are electrically connected to the local monitoring and control module in the same independent sealed unit. The temperature detection component collects the temperature parameters inside the unit and transmits them to the local monitoring and control module. The local monitoring and control module generates a fire alarm handling command based on the temperature parameters inside the unit and independently controls the aerosol fire extinguishing component in the same independent sealed unit to start.

[0009] Preferably, the operating parameters of the energy storage cell group collected by the local measurement and control module include the individual cell voltage, the total voltage of the cell group, the cell temperature, the cell SOC value, and the cell SOH value; the operating parameters of the cabin-level power distribution branch include real-time current, real-time power, and on / off status.

[0010] Preferably, the compartment-level power distribution branch of each independent sealed unit compartment is completely physically isolated from the compartment-level power distribution branches of the other independent sealed unit compartments; the compartment-level power distribution branch is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, a branch fuse, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module and a DC circuit breaker.

[0011] Preferably, the central control unit communicates with each local measurement and control module via a CAN bus. The central control unit also has a reserved communication interface for interfacing with the upper-level power grid dispatching platform and the user-side energy management system, which is used to receive external dispatching instructions and upload the overall unit's summary operating parameters.

[0012] Preferably, when the local monitoring and control module detects any one of the following faults—overvoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, or short circuit—based on the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, it can directly drive the DC circuit breaker of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit to disconnect without waiting for instructions from the central control unit. At the same time, the fault information is sent to the central control unit, while the other independent sealed unit compartments maintain normal charging and discharging operation.

[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the non-walk-in cabinet body is equipped with an independent quick-connect maintenance interface corresponding to the position of each independent sealed unit compartment. The quick-connect maintenance interface is directly connected to the compartment-level power distribution branch and local measurement and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment.

[0014] Preferably, under power dispatching conditions, the central control unit calculates the power allocation quota for each independent sealed unit based on the received external dispatching instructions and the cell temperature, cell SOC value, and cell SOH value of each independent sealed unit compartment, and sends the allocation instructions to the corresponding local measurement and control module. Each local measurement and control module independently adjusts the output parameters of the corresponding bidirectional DC / DC converter module to complete the charging and discharging power regulation of the corresponding energy storage cell group.

[0015] Preferably, each compartment's power distribution branch is also equipped with an independent grid connection / off-grid switching switch. After the central control unit sends the grid connection / off-grid switching command to each local measurement and control module, each local measurement and control module independently executes the switching operation according to the corresponding energy storage cell group's operating parameters.

[0016] Preferably, when expanding the system, the newly added independent sealed unit compartment has a reserved circuit interface for connecting to the main power distribution circuit and a reserved bus interface for the main control unit. The main control unit identifies the operating parameters uploaded by the local measurement and control module of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment and completes the automatic network access configuration of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention establishes isolated, independently sealed unit compartments, along with internal energy storage cell groups, local monitoring and control modules, and compartment-level power distribution branches. The local monitoring and control modules can independently collect operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell groups and compartment-level power distribution branches, autonomously generating single-compartment power control commands to complete on / off control and power regulation operations. The central control unit aggregates the operating parameters of each independent sealed unit compartment and, in conjunction with the external load on the rack side and the grid dispatching targets, issues global dispatching commands to uniformly allocate the charging and discharging power of each independent sealed unit compartment to regulate the output power of the non-walk-in rack body to match external demands. This collaborative approach balances independent control of individual compartments with unified scheduling of the entire system, reducing bus transmission load, shortening control response delays, and adapting to peak-valley arbitrage and distribution network load adjustments. It can be used in various application scenarios such as regulation; when the independent sealed unit compartment experiences energy storage cell failure, thermal anomaly, or power distribution branch failure, the local monitoring and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment can directly cut off the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment. Based on the branch disconnection, electrical isolation is achieved, and physical thermal insulation is completed in conjunction with the sealing structure of the independent sealed unit compartment. The fault is confined to the single independent sealed unit compartment, eliminating the need for the entire cabinet to trip and shut down, which greatly improves the continuous operation availability of the system. At the same time, the entire fault handling process does not require personnel to enter the cabinet and come into contact with high-voltage components, avoiding the risk of electric shock from the source. It also avoids the problem of fault-free equipment being contaminated and damaged by fire extinguishing agents under the existing whole cabinet fire protection scheme, effectively reducing equipment maintenance losses and overall operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the overall architecture of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet unit-level energy storage and power distribution system proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the autonomous environmental perception and fire suppression control process for the unit compartment proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the cabin-level power distribution branch structure and autonomous fault isolation control proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the multi-level linkage power dispatch and smooth switching between grid connection and disconnection proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the external quick-connect maintenance and unit compartment plug-and-play expansion process proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 5The present invention discloses a unit-level energy storage and power distribution system for a non-walk-in energy storage cabinet, comprising a non-walk-in cabinet body, a central control unit, a main power distribution circuit, and multiple independent, sealed unit compartments located within the non-walk-in cabinet body and isolated from each other. In this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0021] For example, the non-walk-in rack body is a fully enclosed structure with no personnel access passage inside. The non-walk-in rack body can be made of 2mm thick cold-rolled steel in one piece by stamping, and the surface is treated with electrostatic powder coating for corrosion protection, with a protection level of IP54. The interior is equipped with 19-inch standard slot-type mounting positions that correspond one-to-one with the independent sealed unit compartments. 10mm thick fireproof and heat-insulating aluminum silicate cotton is installed between adjacent slots. A single non-walk-in rack body can install up to 12 independent sealed unit compartments arranged side by side.

[0022] Each independent sealed unit compartment is equipped with an energy storage cell group, a local measurement and control module, and a compartment-level power distribution branch. The compartment-level power distribution branch of each independent sealed unit compartment is connected in parallel to the main power distribution circuit. Each local measurement and control module is connected to the central control unit. Each local measurement and control module is connected to the energy storage cell group and the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment. The local measurement and control module independently collects the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, generates single-compartment power control commands, and controls the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment to perform on / off control and power regulation operations.

[0023] Each independent sealed unit is an isolated independent working unit. Each independent sealed unit is equipped with energy storage cell packs, local measurement and control modules, and compartment-level power distribution branches, realizing a complete set of energy storage and power distribution hardware for each compartment.

[0024] All the compartment-level power distribution branches of each independent sealed unit are interconnected and then connected to the main power distribution circuit of the non-walk-in cabinet. The power output from the energy storage cell groups in each compartment is fed into the main power distribution circuit through the corresponding compartment-level power distribution branches to supply power to the outside. The local measurement and control module in each independent sealed unit is connected to the central control unit through a communication line to realize data interaction and command transmission between upper and lower levels.

[0025] The local measurement and control module is the control unit of this compartment. At the hardware level, it is only electrically connected to the energy storage cell group and the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment. It is only responsible for collecting the operating parameters of the energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, and will not collect data across compartments.

[0026] During operation, the local measurement and control module generates single-compartment power control commands that apply only to this compartment based on the collected operating parameters of the energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch. It then drives the compartment-level power distribution branch to complete the on / off control actions of closing and opening the circuit and the power adjustment operation, thereby achieving autonomous control of the single compartment without relying on other compartments or the central control unit to issue control signals in real time.

[0027] For example, the outer shell of each independent sealed unit compartment can be sealed with 1.5mm thick cold-rolled steel, with a protection rating of not less than IP54, and is completely physically isolated from adjacent independent sealed unit compartments after being inserted into the mounting position. The connection between the independent sealed unit compartment and the non-walk-in cabinet body can be a quick-connect interface. The energy storage cell pack can be a lithium iron phosphate energy storage cell pack, but is not limited to this.

[0028] Each independent sealed unit's compartment-level power distribution branch can be connected in parallel to a 25 square millimeter tin-plated copper main power distribution circuit via insulated quick-connect connectors. Each local monitoring and control module can communicate with the central control unit via a dual-redundant CAN2.0B bus, with 120Ω terminating resistors at both ends of the bus. In the event of a failure in any bus, automatic switching to the backup link occurs within 100ms. Each local monitoring and control module is connected to the energy storage cell group and compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit. The local monitoring and control module uses dual power supply: one source is from the main power distribution circuit, and the other is from the corresponding independent sealed unit's energy storage cell group, ensuring a power supply reliability of no less than 99.99%.

[0029] The central control unit summarizes the operating parameters of each independent sealed unit compartment, generates a global dispatch command based on the external load on the cabinet side and the grid dispatch target, and sends it to each local measurement and control module. The global dispatch command is used to uniformly allocate the charging and discharging power of each independent sealed unit compartment and adjust the output power of the non-walk-in cabinet body to match the external load and the grid dispatch target. When the energy storage cell of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment fails, has thermal anomalies, or has a power distribution branch failure, the local measurement and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment directly cuts off the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment. Based on the sealing structure of the independent sealed unit compartment and the disconnection action of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment, electrical isolation and physical thermal isolation are formed for the faulty independent sealed unit compartment.

[0030] The central control unit receives and aggregates the operating parameters of the energy storage cell groups and the operating parameters of the cell-level power distribution branches from the local monitoring and control modules within each independent sealed unit compartment. This aggregated information serves as the basis for scheduling calculations. Simultaneously, the central control unit acquires real-time external load data from the cabinet side and grid scheduling targets issued by the upper-level power grid. Combining the remaining capacity and operating conditions of the energy storage cells in each compartment, it calculates and allocates the permissible charging and discharging power for each independent sealed unit compartment, generates global scheduling commands, and pushes them to each local monitoring and control module. Each local monitoring and control module adjusts its own charging and discharging power according to the global scheduling commands, collaboratively controlling the overall unit's external output power to synchronously adapt to the plant's power load demands and grid connection scheduling requirements.

[0031] When a storage cell failure, thermal anomaly, or compartment-level power distribution circuit failure occurs within any independent sealed unit compartment, the local monitoring and control module within the corresponding compartment can directly disconnect the compartment-level power distribution circuit within 10ms, without waiting for a control signal from the central control unit. On one hand, the disconnected compartment-level power distribution circuit severs the electrical connection between the faulty compartment and the main power distribution circuit, achieving electrical isolation of the faulty compartment. On the other hand, the independent sealed unit compartment itself is a sealed, flame-retardant partition cavity, which can confine the high temperature and smoke generated by the fault within the compartment, forming physical thermal insulation in conjunction with the power distribution circuit disconnection action, preventing the spread of fault heat and arcing to other normal independent sealed unit compartments. Furthermore, no personnel need to enter the non-walk-in cabinet to perform any operations, completely avoiding the risk of personnel contact with high-voltage live components.

[0032] In one embodiment, each independent sealed unit compartment is also equipped with an independent temperature detection component and an aerosol fire extinguishing component. Both the temperature detection component and the aerosol fire extinguishing component are electrically connected to a local monitoring and control module in the same independent sealed unit compartment. The temperature detection component collects the temperature parameters inside the compartment and transmits them to the local monitoring and control module. The local monitoring and control module generates a fire alarm handling command based on the temperature parameters inside the compartment and independently controls the aerosol fire extinguishing component in the same independent sealed unit compartment to start.

[0033] For example, the temperature detection component may include two NTC temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.5℃. One sensor is attached to the surface of the positive and negative tabs of the energy storage cell assembly, and the other is fixed to the inner side wall of the independent sealed unit compartment away from the energy storage cell assembly. The sampling frequency is not less than 1Hz. The aerosol fire extinguishing component may be a packaged solid aerosol generator with a filling amount adapted to the internal volume of the independent sealed unit compartment. It is installed on the top of the compartment with the outlet facing the surface of the energy storage cell assembly. After triggering, it can completely release the extinguishing medium within 3 seconds, covering the entire internal space of the independent sealed unit compartment.

[0034] When the temperature detected by two temperature sensors exceeds the set temperature threshold simultaneously, or when the temperature detected by a single temperature sensor exceeds the set temperature threshold and the voltage drop of a single cell exceeds 0.5V, the local monitoring and control module can independently control the activation of the aerosol fire extinguishing components in the compartment without waiting for instructions from the central control unit. This will not affect adjacent independent sealed unit compartments and avoids the problem of all unit compartments being contaminated by the extinguishing agent after the existing whole-cabinet fire extinguishing system is triggered.

[0035] In one implementation, the operating parameters of the energy storage cell group collected by the local measurement and control module include the individual cell voltage, the total voltage of the cell group, the cell temperature, the cell SOC value, and the cell SOH value; the operating parameters of the cabin-level power distribution branch include real-time current, real-time power, and on / off status.

[0036] All the above parameters are independently collected by the local measurement and control module within the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment. The local measurement and control module only collects the operating parameters of the energy storage cell group and the compartment-level power distribution branch within its own compartment, and does not collect equipment parameters from other independent sealed unit compartments, thus achieving data isolation between compartments. The operating parameters of the energy storage cell group are used to determine abnormal cell voltage, thermal abnormalities, remaining capacity, and the aging health of the cells. The operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch are used to monitor the load, power output status, and switch opening and closing status of the power distribution circuit. The two types of parameters work together to complete single-compartment fault determination and charging and discharging power adjustment. The cell SOC value represents the ratio of the current remaining capacity of the energy storage cell group to the rated capacity, and is used for charging and discharging power allocation. The cell SOH value represents the current health status of the energy storage cell group. The ratio of the actual usable capacity to the factory rated capacity characterizes the degree of cell degradation and is used for aging early warning. The real-time current and real-time power of the compartment-level power distribution branch are collected by Hall current sensors inside the compartment, and the on / off status is fed back to the local measurement and control module by the auxiliary contact signal of the circuit breaker on the power distribution branch.

[0037] In this embodiment, on the one hand, it can accurately identify cell thermal anomalies, capacity decay, and aging risks based on operating parameters such as individual cell voltage, total cell group voltage, cell temperature, cell SOC value, and cell SOH value. Combined with distribution branch current, power, and switch on / off status, it can quickly determine circuit faults such as overcurrent and short circuit, providing sufficient judgment basis for local disconnection of single compartments to achieve electrical and physical dual isolation, effectively preventing fault propagation and improving the overall machine's operational safety and fault tolerance. On the other hand, after the complete compartment operating condition parameters are uploaded to the central control unit, it is convenient for the central control to accurately allocate the charging and discharging power of each compartment, quickly match external loads and grid dispatch targets, and at the same time, the independent data collection of each compartment significantly reduces the transmission load of the overall machine's communication bus and shortens the control response delay.

[0038] In one implementation, the compartment-level power distribution branch of each independent sealed unit compartment is completely physically isolated from the compartment-level power distribution branches of the other independent sealed unit compartments; the compartment-level power distribution branch is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, a branch fuse, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module and a DC circuit breaker.

[0039] For example, each independent sealed unit compartment defines an independent insulated mounting cavity. The reverse connection protection diode, branch fuse, bidirectional DC / DC converter module, and DC circuit breaker each correspond to a single independent sealed unit compartment, completely physically isolated from the compartment-level power distribution branches of other independent sealed unit compartments, with no shared conductive components. The reverse connection protection diode can be a C3D10060 type silicon carbide diode, with a forward voltage drop of less than 1.2V and a reverse withstand voltage of 600V, preventing device damage caused by reverse connection of the independent sealed unit compartment to the main power distribution circuit. The branch fuse can be a Bassmann 32A DC fuse, with a breaking capacity of not less than 10kA and a response time of less than 1ms, quickly cutting off the fault current in case of a fault to prevent it from affecting the upstream circuit. The bidirectional DC / DC converter module can adopt a full-bridge silicon carbide MOS topology, with a rated efficiency of not less than 96.5%, and can freely switch between constant voltage, constant current, and constant power charging / discharging modes. The DC circuit breaker can be a dedicated DC circuit breaker with a rated voltage of 500V and a rated current of 40A. It has a hardware overcurrent tripping function, a tripping response time of less than 5ms, and a rated voltage that is fully compatible with the output voltage range of the energy storage cell group.

[0040] In this embodiment, the compartment-level power distribution branches of each independent sealed unit are physically isolated from each other, which can block the conduction of fault current across compartments and prevent the spread of faults. The compartment-level power distribution branches are connected in series with reverse connection protection diodes, branch fuses, bidirectional DC / DC converter modules and DC circuit breakers. The reverse connection protection diodes prevent current backflow caused by voltage differences between multiple compartment cells. The branch fuses provide passive short-circuit protection. The bidirectional DC / DC converter modules are independently controlled by the local measurement and control module to achieve single-compartment power regulation. The DC circuit breakers work with the local measurement and control to complete active fault disconnection. The multi-level protection devices work together to improve system safety. At the same time, each branch is independently equipped with a complete set of power regulation and protection components to ensure that each independent sealed unit compartment does not interfere with each other and operates stably.

[0041] In one implementation, the central control unit communicates with each local measurement and control module via a CAN bus. The central control unit also reserves communication interfaces for interfacing with the upper-level power grid dispatching platform and the user-side energy management system, used to receive external dispatching commands and upload overall system operating parameters. For example, the central control unit can establish communication connections with each local measurement and control module via a dual-redundant CAN2.0B bus, with a communication rate of 250kbps, using the extended CANopen communication protocol. The transmission time for a single frame message is less than 1ms, and in the event of a failure of any bus, it can automatically switch to another bus to ensure continuous communication. The central control unit can also reserve three communication interfaces: 10 / 100M adaptive Ethernet, RS485, and 4G / 5G CAT1 wireless. It supports common power protocols such as IEC104 and Modbus-TCP, and can connect to the upper-level power grid dispatching platform to receive AGC and AVC dispatching instructions. It can also connect to the user-side energy management system to respond to peak-valley arbitrage and demand management needs. At the same time, it can upload the overall unit's summary operating parameters and fault alarm information to the remote operation and maintenance platform. The alarm information reporting delay is less than 1 second, and it supports alarm notifications through multiple channels such as SMS and APP push.

[0042] In this embodiment, the central control unit establishes stable distributed communication with each local measurement and control module via the CAN bus. It can quickly receive the energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch transmitted back by each independent sealed unit compartment, and simultaneously issue global dispatch commands to ensure real-time interaction of local control and fault protection commands for single compartments. It reserves a standardized external communication interface, which can be connected to the upper-level power grid dispatch platform and the user-side energy management system respectively, and receive external power dispatch and plant load demand commands in both directions. At the same time, it uploads the overall unit's summary operating parameters to the outside world, which not only meets the grid connection dispatch specifications and realizes peak-valley arbitrage and demand management, but also facilitates remote real-time monitoring of the overall unit's operating status.

[0043] In one implementation, when the local monitoring and control module detects any one of the following faults—overvoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, or short circuit—based on the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, it can directly drive the DC circuit breaker of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit to disconnect without waiting for instructions from the central control unit. At the same time, the fault information is sent to the central control unit, while the other independent sealed unit compartments maintain normal charging and discharging operation.

[0044] For example, an overvoltage fault is determined when the voltage of a single battery cell exceeds a set upper voltage limit for more than 100 ms. The set upper voltage limit can be flexibly adjusted by the central control unit, for example, it can be 3.65V. An overtemperature fault is determined when the cell temperature exceeds a set temperature threshold for more than 2 seconds. The set temperature threshold can be 80℃. An overcurrent fault is determined when the branch current exceeds 1.2 times the rated value for more than 50 ms. A short circuit fault is determined when the current exceeds 5 times the rated value for more than 10 ms. When reporting fault information, all parameters including fault type, occurrence time, and fault moment are included, with a timestamp accuracy of 1 ms. Other independent sealed unit compartments remain unaffected by the faulty compartment and continue operating normally, increasing the overall cabinet availability by at least 30%.

[0045] In one implementation, the outer wall of the non-walk-in cabinet body is equipped with independent quick-connect maintenance interfaces corresponding to the locations of each independent sealed unit compartment. These quick-connect interfaces directly connect to the compartment-level power distribution branch and local monitoring and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment. For example, the quick-connect interfaces can be IP65-rated waterproof aviation plugs with anti-misinsertion coding structures. Different independent sealed unit compartments have different interface key positions, preventing mixed insertion and avoiding equipment damage caused by incorrect interface insertion during maintenance. The quick-connect interfaces include power distribution interfaces and communication interfaces. The power distribution interface supports a maximum current transmission of 32A and can be connected to an external discharge load to achieve single-compartment emergency discharge, completely releasing the power of the faulty compartment before replacement operations. The communication interface can be an RS485 interface, allowing connection to an external debugging computer to directly read single-compartment operation logs, modify operating parameters, and upgrade the firmware of the local monitoring and control module. Maintenance personnel can complete single-compartment parameter debugging and emergency discharge operations without opening the cabinet door or powering off the entire cabinet, completely avoiding the risk of contact with high-voltage live components and significantly improving maintenance safety.

[0046] In one implementation, under power dispatching conditions, the central control unit calculates the power allocation quota for each independent sealed unit compartment based on the received external dispatching instructions, and sends the allocation instructions to the corresponding local measurement and control modules. Each local measurement and control module independently adjusts the output parameters of the corresponding bidirectional DC / DC converter module to complete the charging and discharging power regulation of the corresponding energy storage cell group.

[0047] For example, under discharge conditions, independent sealed cell compartments with higher SOC values ​​are prioritized for power output, while under charging conditions, independent sealed cell compartments with lower SOC values ​​are prioritized for energy absorption, thus balancing the remaining capacity of all compartments. Simultaneously, for independent sealed cell compartments with lower SOH values ​​and higher cell aging levels, power allocation is reduced to slow down cell degradation. If the temperature of an independent sealed cell compartment exceeds a set temperature threshold, its output power or charging power is reduced. If the temperature exceeds the safety limit, operation of that compartment is directly suspended to avoid the risk of thermal runaway.

[0048] In this embodiment, after the central control unit completes the global power allocation calculation, it sends the allocation command to the corresponding local measurement and control module. Each local measurement and control module independently adjusts the duty cycle and switching frequency of its local bidirectional DC / DC converter module to regulate the output voltage and current to achieve the set power value. The adjustment process can use an incremental PID algorithm with a response time of less than 200ms and an adjustment accuracy of no less than 1% of the rated power. The adjustment process of each independent sealed unit is completely independent and does not interfere with each other, resulting in faster overall scheduling response. The power allocation simultaneously takes into account the balance of remaining capacity in the compartment, cell health protection, and internal temperature safety. It automatically limits power or even shuts down aging cells and high-temperature compartments. While accurately matching the external scheduling power demand, it effectively delays the aging of energy storage cells and reduces the safety risks of thermal runaway.

[0049] In one implementation, each compartment-level power distribution branch is also equipped with an independent grid connection / off-grid switching switch. After the central control unit sends the grid connection / off-grid switching command to each local measurement and control module, each local measurement and control module independently performs the switching operation according to the corresponding energy storage cell group operating parameters.

[0050] For example, the grid-connected / off-grid switching switch can be a silicon carbide solid-state relay with a conduction resistance of less than 1mΩ and a switching time of less than 10ms, which will not cause power outages to downstream loads. After the central control unit issues the grid-connected / off-grid switching command, each local measurement and control module first verifies the operating status of its own energy storage cell group. Independent sealed unit compartments with a SOC value below 10% or a temperature exceeding 70℃ do not participate in the switching operation. Independent sealed unit compartments that meet the requirements first adjust the output parameters of their own bidirectional DC / DC converter module to match the voltage and frequency of the target state. During off-grid switching, the output of the bidirectional DC / DC converter module is adjusted to 220V, 50Hz sine wave. During grid-connected switching, the phase of the grid voltage is tracked, and the switching switch is triggered only after the phase difference is less than 5°.

[0051] If the status of a certain independent sealed unit compartment does not meet the switching requirements during the switching process, only that independent sealed unit compartment will be suspended from switching, while the other normal independent sealed unit compartments can complete the switching operation smoothly. The system can be switched off-grid without shutting down the entire cabinet. After the switching is completed, the local measurement and control module reports the switching result to the central control unit. The independent sealed unit compartment that fails to switch will trigger an alarm to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to investigate.

[0052] In one implementation, when the system is expanded, the newly added independent sealed unit compartment is connected to the main power distribution circuit's reserved circuit interface and the main control unit's reserved bus interface. The main control unit identifies the operating parameters uploaded by the local measurement and control module of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment and completes the automatic network access configuration of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment.

[0053] For example, the loop reserved interface can be a quick-connect copper bus interface with electric shock protection, and the bus reserved interface can be a CAN bus reserved interface. The operating parameters uploaded by the local measurement and control module can include equipment identification, rated parameters, and current status information. The central control unit assigns a unique communication address to the newly added independent sealed unit compartment based on the received operating parameters, adds it to the global scheduling list, and updates the rated capacity, rated power, and other parameters of the entire cabinet. The expansion can be completed without modifying the central control unit firmware, adjusting the parameters of the original independent sealed unit compartment, or re-debugging the entire system. The expansion operation takes no more than 10 minutes, and the system can be put into operation immediately after expansion, flexibly adapting to application scenarios with different capacity requirements.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the overall architecture of the unit-level energy storage and power distribution system in a non-walk-in energy storage cabinet. The system consists of a non-walk-in cabinet, several independent, sealed unit compartments, a central control unit, and a main power distribution circuit. Each unit compartment is independently equipped with energy storage cell banks, a local monitoring and control module, and a compartment-level power distribution branch. These compartment-level power distribution branches are connected in parallel to the main power distribution circuit to achieve energy aggregation. The local monitoring and control module and the central control unit are connected via a communication bus, forming a two-layer control system: the local monitoring and control module independently collects operating parameters, generates control commands for its compartment, and directly controls the execution of the power distribution branches; the central control unit is responsible for global parameter aggregation and issuing macro-level scheduling commands. In case of a fault, the local monitoring and control module can autonomously disconnect its local power distribution branch to achieve complete isolation of the single compartment, without requiring personnel to enter the cabinet, ensuring continuous system operation and high security, and realizing an intelligent operation and maintenance mode with decentralized control authority.

[0055] Reference Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the unit-level environmental safety monitoring and autonomous fire suppression control process. Each sealed unit integrates independent temperature detection components and aerosol fire suppression components, all directly connected to the local monitoring and control module. During operation, the local monitoring and control module continuously collects internal temperature parameters and energy storage cell status parameters. When the temperature or cell temperature rise exceeds the set temperature threshold, the local monitoring and control module immediately triggers the internal fire alarm handling logic. Without relying on the central control unit for arbitration, it directly outputs fire suppression control commands to activate the aerosol fire suppression components, implementing precise local fire suppression on the affected unit; simultaneously, it automatically controls the disconnection of the unit-level power distribution branch, completely cutting off the energy source. The entire identification, decision-making, and execution process is completed in a closed loop within a single unit, greatly shortening the fire response time, effectively preventing thermal runaway from spreading to adjacent unit units, and significantly improving the system's fire safety.

[0056] Reference Figure 3This diagram illustrates the topology of the compartment-level power distribution branch and the autonomous fault isolation execution process. Each unit compartment's power distribution branch, from the battery cell side to the main circuit, sequentially connects a reverse connection protection diode, a branch fuse, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, and a DC circuit breaker. Each component is dedicated to a single compartment, achieving complete electrical isolation. The local monitoring and control module monitors the branch's current, power, and on / off status in real time. Upon detecting anomalies such as overvoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, or short circuit, the local monitoring and control module's built-in hardware protection mechanism is immediately activated. Without waiting for a central control command, it directly outputs a trip signal to drive the local DC circuit breaker to quickly disconnect. Combined with the unidirectional conduction of the reverse connection protection diode and the fuse protection, the physical separation between the faulty compartment and the main power distribution circuit is completed instantly. Simultaneously, the fault information is asynchronously reported to the central control unit, allowing other normal unit compartments to continue operating stably, eliminating the risk of a partial fault causing a complete cabinet shutdown.

[0057] Reference Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the intelligent power dispatching and grid-connected / off-grid switching coordination mechanism under multi-level linkage. The central control unit is interconnected with each local measurement and control module via a communication bus, receiving external dispatching commands and combining them with the real-time reports of SOC, SOH, and temperature from each unit module. A fine-grained allocation algorithm is used to determine the charging and discharging power limit for each unit module. After the allocation commands are issued in parallel, each local measurement and control module independently adjusts the output parameters of its own bidirectional DC / DC converter module to achieve precise power control. When a grid-connected / off-grid switching command is received, the central control unit forwards it to each local measurement and control module. Each module, based on the status of its own energy storage cell group, independently controls the grid-connected / off-grid switching switch within the module to perform the operation. The entire system can smoothly transition to microgrid status without shutting down or disconnecting the entire grid load, ensuring power supply continuity and system flexibility.

[0058] Reference Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the independent quick-connect maintenance and plug-and-play smooth expansion process for non-walk-in cabinets. Each unit compartment has an independent quick-connect maintenance interface on the outer wall of the cabinet, directly connecting the compartment's power distribution branch to the local monitoring and control module. During routine maintenance, maintenance personnel can perform parameter adjustments or emergency discharges directly from outside the cabinet via the quick-connect interface without opening the heavy protective door, greatly simplifying the maintenance process. When system capacity expansion is required, after the new unit compartment is physically installed, its power distribution pins only need to be connected to the reserved interface in the main power distribution circuit, and the communication cable needs to be connected to the central control communication bus. The central control unit detects the initialization parameters and hardware configuration of the new node through an automatic bus addressing mechanism, automatically completing routing allocation and power mapping at the software level, enabling the new unit compartment to immediately connect to the network and operate without requiring any downtime or re-tuning of the existing system, significantly improving system scalability and maintenance convenience.

[0059] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unit-level energy storage and power distribution system for a non-walk-in energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, It includes a non-walk-in cabinet body, a central control unit, a main power distribution circuit, and multiple independent sealed unit compartments located within the non-walk-in cabinet body and isolated from each other; Each of the aforementioned independent sealed unit compartments is equipped with an energy storage battery cell group, a local measurement and control module, and a compartment-level power distribution branch. The compartment-level power distribution branch of each independent sealed unit compartment is connected in parallel to the main power distribution circuit. Each local measurement and control module is communicatively connected to the central control unit. Each local measurement and control module is connected to the energy storage battery cell group and the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment. The local measurement and control module independently collects the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage battery cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, generates single-compartment power regulation commands, and controls the compartment-level power distribution branch within the same independent sealed unit compartment to perform on / off control and power regulation operations. The central control unit aggregates the operating parameters of each independent sealed unit compartment, generates a global scheduling command based on the external load on the cabinet side and the power grid scheduling target, and sends it to each local measurement and control module. The global scheduling command is used to uniformly allocate the charging and discharging power of each independent sealed unit compartment and adjust the output power of the non-walk-in cabinet body to match the external load and the power grid scheduling target. When the energy storage cell of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment fails, has thermal anomalies, or has a power distribution branch failure, the local measurement and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment directly cuts off the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment. Based on the sealing structure of the independent sealed unit compartment and the disconnection action of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit compartment, electrical isolation and physical thermal insulation isolation are formed for the faulty independent sealed unit compartment.

2. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each independent sealed unit is also equipped with an independent temperature detection component and an aerosol fire extinguishing component. The temperature detection component and the aerosol fire extinguishing component are electrically connected to the local monitoring and control module in the same independent sealed unit. The temperature detection component collects the temperature parameters inside the unit and transmits them to the local monitoring and control module. The local monitoring and control module generates a fire alarm handling command based on the temperature parameters inside the unit and independently controls the aerosol fire extinguishing component in the same independent sealed unit to start.

3. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The operating parameters of the energy storage cell group collected by the local measurement and control module include individual cell voltage, total cell group voltage, cell temperature, cell SOC value, and cell SOH value; the operating parameters of the cabin-level power distribution branch include real-time current, real-time power, and on / off status.

4. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the independent sealed unit compartments has its compartment-level power distribution branch completely physically isolated from the compartment-level power distribution branches of the other independent sealed unit compartments; the compartment-level power distribution branch is connected in series with a reverse connection protection diode, a branch fuse, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, and a DC circuit breaker.

5. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control unit communicates with each local measurement and control module via a CAN bus. The central control unit also has a reserved communication interface for interfacing with the upper-level power grid dispatching platform and the user-side energy management system, which is used to receive external dispatching instructions and upload the overall operating parameters of the unit.

6. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the local measurement and control module detects any one of the following faults—overvoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, or short circuit—based on the operating parameters of the corresponding energy storage cell group and the operating parameters of the compartment-level power distribution branch, it can directly drive the DC circuit breaker of the compartment-level power distribution branch in the same independent sealed unit to disconnect without waiting for instructions from the central control unit. At the same time, it sends the fault information to the central control unit, while the other independent sealed unit compartments maintain normal charging and discharging operation.

7. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each independent sealed unit compartment has an independent quick-connect maintenance interface on the outer wall of the non-walk-in cabinet body. The quick-connect maintenance interface is directly connected to the compartment-level power distribution branch and local measurement and control module of the corresponding independent sealed unit compartment.

8. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the power dispatch state, the central control unit calculates the power allocation quota of each independent sealed unit based on the received external dispatch command and the cell temperature, cell SOC value, and cell SOH value of each independent sealed unit. The allocation command is then sent to the corresponding local measurement and control module. Each local measurement and control module independently adjusts the output parameters of the corresponding bidirectional DC / DC converter module to complete the charging and discharging power adjustment of the corresponding energy storage cell group.

9. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned cabin-level power distribution branches is also equipped with an independent grid connection / off-grid switching switch. After the central control unit sends the grid connection / off-grid switching command to each local measurement and control module, each local measurement and control module independently executes the switching operation according to the corresponding energy storage cell group's operating parameters.

10. The unit-level energy storage and distribution system of the non-walk-in energy storage combined cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the system is expanded, the newly added independent sealed unit compartment is connected to the circuit reserved interface of the main power distribution circuit and the bus reserved interface of the main control unit. The main control unit identifies the operating parameters uploaded by the local measurement and control module of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment and completes the automatic network access configuration of the newly added independent sealed unit compartment.

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