Power intelligent protection architecture and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power intelligent protection architecture and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power supply control. The architecture comprises a power loop unit and a digital hierarchical control unit. The digital hierarchical control unit is sequentially provided with an analog quantity acquisition module, a data storage module, a multi-channel comparison module and an instruction output module along a signal flow direction. The multi-channel comparison module adaptively generates multi-stage protection threshold values by calling load historical operation data, and differentially drives instructions according to current abnormal peak values and pulse width output differences, so that the power loop unit executes hierarchical protection. The application synchronously collects three-way currents of a bus, a power module and an output end, distinguishes three types of faults, i.e., long-time continuous overcurrent, short-time mild pulse and severe short circuit, and respectively triggers output current limiting, self-recovery module protection and bus shutdown three branches. The application dynamically adjusts the protection threshold values according to the changeable current disturbance of the gas ionization discharge load, and takes into account the continuous operation of the system and the safety of the power supply equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power supply control technology, and specifically relates to a power supply intelligent protection architecture and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Gas ionization discharge loads are typical complex loads in specialized industrial power supply scenarios. Upon startup, they generate high-voltage, high-current impact stress. During steady-state operation, the load exhibits constant-current electrical characteristics. During continuous operation, random, non-periodic gas breakdown discharges can occur, causing short-term current surges. In extreme conditions, load mutations and instantaneous short-circuit faults may also occur. If the power supply lacks a targeted, tiered protection mechanism, instantaneous ultra-high currents can easily burn out internal power devices and even cause permanent damage to upstream power supply equipment. Therefore, power supplies for this type of load must possess reliable and accurate overcurrent protection functions.

[0003] Existing industrial power supply protection schemes generally adopt a single fixed threshold protection logic, which only sets a single current sampling on the output side and presets a constant overcurrent threshold. When the sampled current value exceeds the preset fixed threshold, the power supply output is directly cut off. After the load fault is completely eliminated, the operator needs to manually issue an external restart command before the power supply can be restored. The entire protection architecture does not have the ability to perform multi-location synchronous sampling, hierarchical fault discrimination, or threshold adaptive adjustment.

[0004] For the frequent millisecond and microsecond-level instantaneous current disturbances in gas ionization discharge loads, the fixed threshold single protection mode presents an irreconcilable contradiction: if the protection threshold is set too low, the small instantaneous discharge pulses generated during normal load operation will frequently trigger the protection, causing the power supply to repeatedly start and stop, interrupting the continuous operation of the entire equipment; if the protection threshold is raised to avoid false triggering, when a real short-circuit fault occurs in the load, the protection circuit response will be delayed, and high-power devices will suffer thermal breakdown due to continuous overcurrent. The existing solution cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of uninterrupted system operation and power supply hardware safety protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a power supply intelligent protection architecture and its control method. This addresses the technical problems of existing power supplies that rely on single-point sampling and fixed-threshold single-protection logic, which cannot distinguish between fault location and fault type, and are prone to frequent false protection or short-circuit protection failure. The solution achieves multi-location synchronous sampling, adaptive dynamic thresholds, and three-level differentiated hierarchical protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: A power supply intelligent protection architecture includes a power loop unit and a digital hierarchical control unit; The power circuit unit is equipped with multiple current sampling points to supply power to the load and collect analog circuit current. The digital hierarchical control unit is sequentially equipped with an analog quantity acquisition module, a data storage module, a multi-channel comparison module, and an instruction output module along the signal flow direction. The analog quantity acquisition module receives multiple analog current signals output by the power loop unit. The data storage module stores sampled data, historical fault peak values, and pulse width data. The multi-channel comparison module can adaptively configure multi-level protection thresholds based on historical load operating data and perform analog quantity comparison based on the peak value and continuous pulse width of the current anomaly. The instruction output module outputs different protection drive instructions hierarchically according to the comparison results of the multi-channel comparison module, driving the power loop unit to perform differentiated protection.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the multiple current sampling points of the power loop unit include bus sampling points, power module sampling points, and output sampling points, which respectively collect analog bus current V1, analog module current V2, and analog output current V3.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the multi-channel comparison module includes a bus current comparison unit, a module current comparison unit, and an output current comparison unit, with each comparison unit configured with adaptively dynamically adjustable reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the protection drive commands output by the command output module are divided into three categories: surge MOSFET drive signals, chip drive commands, and power MOSFET drive signals, which correspond to the three independent protection branches inside the power circuit unit, respectively.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the power circuit unit integrates three levels of protection branches, namely, an output current limiting protection branch, a self-recovery module protection branch, and a bus shutdown surge protection branch. The output current limiting protection branch is used to respond to continuous millisecond-level overcurrent conditions and limit the maximum output power of the power supply. The self-recovery module protection branch is used to respond to a slight current surge within 1ms and automatically restore power supply after the load fault is eliminated. The busbar shutdown surge protection branch is used to respond to instantaneous high current conditions that exceed the tolerance limits of the line and devices, and to cut off the power input path.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the bus shutdown surge protection branch is constructed from resistors, transistors, and surge MOSFETs. After the input is cut off by the operation of this branch, the circuit can only be restored by receiving an external restart command. The power circuit unit is also provided with a power conversion sub-circuit composed of power MOSFETs, transformers, and rectifier diodes.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the complex load is a gas ionization discharge load, adapted to various sudden electrical conditions such as load start-up impact, steady-state constant current operation, random instantaneous discharge, and instantaneous short circuit.

[0013] This application also provides a power supply intelligent hierarchical protection control method, implemented based on the above-mentioned power supply intelligent protection architecture, including the following steps: The analog current output from multiple sampling points of the power loop unit is collected; The digital hierarchical control unit stores sampled data, historical fault peak values ​​and pulse width data, and adaptively generates multi-channel protection reference thresholds by combining historical operating data; Compare the analog current values ​​of each channel with the corresponding reference thresholds, and distinguish the fault type based on the abnormal current peak value and continuous pulse width. The graded output corresponds to the protection drive command, controlling the power circuit unit to perform differentiated protection actions; Record the parameters of this fault and update them to historical data for use in the next round of adaptive adjustment of protection thresholds.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the multi-channel sampling points include bus sampling points, power module sampling points, and output sampling points. The synchronously acquired analog current quantities are bus current analog quantity V1, module current analog quantity V2, and output current analog quantity V3, respectively. The multi-channel protection reference thresholds include adaptive reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3 corresponding to V1, V2, and V3, respectively. V1 is compared with Vref1, V2 with Vref2, and V3 with Vref3, respectively. Based on the continuous pulse width and peak amplitude of the current over-limit, three types of faults are distinguished: long-term continuous overcurrent, short-term mild pulse, and severe short circuit. Among them, long-term continuous overcurrent corresponds to triggering the output current limiting protection branch, short-term mild pulse corresponds to triggering the self-recovery module protection branch, and severe short circuit corresponds to triggering the bus shutdown surge protection branch.

[0015] In one possible implementation, when a short-term, mild current pulse fault is detected, a self-recovery module protection is executed, the power supply maintains input power, and the rated power output can be automatically restored without issuing external commands.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a power supply intelligent protection architecture that creatively integrates a power loop unit with a fully integrated digital hierarchical control unit. The digital hierarchical control unit connects an analog quantity acquisition module, a data storage module, a multi-channel comparison module, and an instruction output module in series according to the signal flow direction. It can adaptively generate multiple sets of dynamic protection thresholds based on historical data throughout the load's entire life cycle and issue protection instructions based on abnormal current peak values ​​and pulse width differences. This overcomes the technical bias of traditional power supplies that only use a fixed single threshold and single power failure protection, forming a brand-new hardware architecture with multi-loop synchronous sampling, adaptive thresholds, and hierarchical selective protection. Compared with existing protection circuits, it has outstanding creativity, strong modular structure and versatility, and can adapt to complex loads with dynamically changing electrical characteristics.

[0017] In one possible implementation, three synchronous current sampling points are limited to the bus, power module, and output terminal, respectively collecting analog quantities V1, V2, and V3. Existing technologies only collect the output current of a single channel, which cannot distinguish whether the fault occurs in the bus, power module, or output load. This solution achieves accurate fault location through multi-point sampling across the entire link, providing a data foundation for subsequent graded differentiated protection. This is a non-obvious improvement that significantly enhances fault identification accuracy.

[0018] In one possible implementation, three independent comparison units are set up and equipped with adaptive adjustable reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3. In the existing scheme, all circuits share the same fixed protection threshold, which cannot match the differences in the tolerance capabilities of different circuits. This application configures a dynamically updated reference independently for each circuit and continuously corrects the threshold based on historical fault data, effectively solving the problems of false protection and missed protection caused by the drift of load operating characteristics over a long period of time, which is inventive.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the instruction output module is limited to outputting three types of independent drive instructions, each corresponding to a level 3 protection branch. Existing technologies can only output a single shutdown drive signal. This application achieves hierarchical isolation of protection actions through multiple types of instructions, with different fault conditions corresponding to dedicated drive signals. The control logic does not interfere with each other, avoiding protection logic conflicts when multiple faults overlap, and significantly improving control reliability.

[0020] In one possible implementation, a three-level protection branch with completely distinct functions is creatively set up to adapt to three types of operating conditions: continuous millisecond-level overcurrent, mild pulse within 1ms, and severe short circuit exceeding the limit. Existing protection directly cuts off the power to the entire machine regardless of the severity of the fault. This application adopts self-recovering current limiting protection for minor transient disturbances and directly cuts off the input bus for severe short circuits, taking into account both uninterrupted system operation and power device safety, overcoming the inherent defects of the one-size-fits-all protection in the prior art, which is the core creative improvement point of this invention.

[0021] One possible implementation defines the specific hardware composition of the surge protection branch and power conversion sub-circuit, while also defining the latching logic that requires external command to restart after the bus is turned off. Based on the innovative architecture of three-level hierarchical protection, a feasible hardware implementation scheme is given. The discrete device circuit is mature and reliable, and the latching protection logic prevents repeated short circuit impacts on the device, balancing the creativity of the scheme with engineering feasibility.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the architecture is designed to adapt to gas ionization discharge loads, which are subject to multiple complex operating conditions such as startup impact, random non-periodic discharge, and instantaneous short circuit. Existing power supply protection systems lack specific design adaptations for these loads. The architecture of this application is specifically designed to match the variable current fluctuation characteristics of such loads, filling the gap in dedicated adaptive hierarchical protection schemes for special discharge loads and expanding the application scenarios of the invention.

[0023] A power supply intelligent hierarchical protection control method realizes a fully automated closed loop of current acquisition, threshold adaptive calculation, fault classification and discrimination, hierarchical protection, and fault data iteration. Existing protection only makes a single overcurrent judgment and cannot continuously optimize the protection strategy based on historical data. This method can autonomously iterate the protection threshold according to the load operating status. The degree of automation and intelligence is far higher than that of traditional protection control logic, constituting an independent innovation at the method level.

[0024] Furthermore, by synchronously acquiring the current from the bus, power module, and output terminals, and comparing it with their respective adaptive reference voltages, this method can accurately distinguish between three types of faults: long-term continuous overcurrent, short-term mild pulse, and severe short circuit. This triggers differentiated three-level branch protection, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the protection.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the power supply is automatically restored without external command for short-term pulse faults. This is suitable for scenarios with frequent instantaneous discharges of gas loads. Existing solutions require manual restart commands after a fault, and frequent start-stop operations severely affect the continuous operation of the equipment. This solution relies on self-recovery control logic to ensure uninterrupted system operation, solving the core requirement of continuous operation in special industrial production and bringing unexpected technical benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall topology of a power intelligent protection architecture provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The specific embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this application discloses a power supply intelligent protection architecture, which is divided into two major sections: a power circuit unit and a digital hierarchical control unit. The power circuit unit is located on the upper side of the overall architecture, and the digital hierarchical control unit is located on the lower side of the overall architecture. The power circuit unit is the main circuit for power conversion, and the digital hierarchical control unit is the circuit for signal acquisition, judgment, and command issuance. The two form a bidirectional signal interaction connection between them.

[0034] The power loop unit's external input is the power supply input voltage, and its external output is the supply voltage connected to a complex load such as gas ionization discharge. The power loop unit has three independent current sampling points: the bus sampling point, the power module sampling point, and the output sampling point. The three sampling points synchronously collect the real-time current of the loop and generate one analog current signal each, namely the bus current analog signal V1, the module current analog signal V2, and the output current analog signal V3. The signal output terminals of the three sampling points are all led downwards as the analog output channels of the power loop unit, and are connected to the analog input side of the digital hierarchical control unit.

[0035] The power circuit unit internally comprises two main hardware branches: a surge protection branch and a power conversion sub-circuit. The surge protection branch consists of resistors R1, R2, and R3, transistor V4, and surge MOSFET V5. The surge MOSFET is connected in series on the power input bus. The surge protection branch has one signal input terminal to receive the surge MOSFET drive signal from the digital hierarchical control unit. The power conversion sub-circuit is constructed from power MOSFETs, a transformer, and rectifier diodes, undertaking voltage conversion and power output functions. The power conversion sub-circuit has two independent signal input terminals: one to receive the power MOSFET drive signal, and the other to receive chip drive commands. Based on the above hardware configuration, the power circuit unit internally generates three levels of protection execution branches: output current limiting protection branch, self-recovery module protection branch, and bus shutdown surge protection branch. The output current limiting protection branch is implemented based on the power conversion sub-circuit and receives the power MOSFET drive signal. The self-recovery module protection branch is implemented based on the power conversion sub-circuit in conjunction with internal control logic and receives the chip drive command. The bus shutdown surge protection branch is the surge protection hardware branch and receives the surge MOSFET drive signal.

[0036] The internal modules of the digital hierarchical control unit are arranged in series in the order of signal transmission from right to left. They are, in order, analog signal acquisition module, data storage module, multi-channel comparison module, and instruction output module. Each adjacent module has a dedicated signal transmission channel, and the output signal of the previous module serves as the input signal of the next module.

[0037] The analog signal acquisition module is the rightmost module of the digital hierarchical control unit. Its signal input side is connected to the output terminals of the three sampling points of the power loop unit. The input signals are three analog current signals: V1, V2, and V3. After uniformly acquiring, filtering, and conditioning the three analog signals, the analog signal acquisition module synchronously generates two identical conditioned analog signals. These two signals serve as the output signals of the analog signal acquisition module. One signal is transmitted to the data storage module as a storage input, and the other signal is transmitted to the multi-channel comparison module as a comparison input.

[0038] The data storage module has two inputs and one output. One input is the real-time analog current signal sent by the analog acquisition module, and the other input is the fault record data generated after each protection action. The data storage module internally stores the system's cumulative working time, peak current of each fault, fault duration pulse width, historical protection reference voltage, and other full life cycle data. The output of the data storage module is connected to the multi-channel comparison module, outputting historical operation and fault data to the multi-channel comparison module for adaptive calculation of the reference voltage.

[0039] The multi-channel comparison module internally has three independent comparison units set up in parallel: a bus current comparison unit, a module current comparison unit, and an output current comparison unit. The multi-channel comparison module has two input signals. The first input comes from the conditioned analog quantities V1, V2, and V3 output from the analog quantity acquisition module, and the three analog quantities are sent to the three comparison units one by one. The second input comes from the historical operating data output from the data storage module. The multi-channel comparison module adaptively calculates and generates three independent adjustable reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3 based on the two inputs, and the three reference voltages are sent to the corresponding comparison units. Each comparison unit compares the received analog quantity with its matching reference voltage in real time in parallel, and generates a fault judgment level signal based on the voltage magnitude relationship. The three judgment signals are summarized as the output signal of the multi-channel comparison module and transmitted to the command output module.

[0040] The instruction output module is the leftmost module of the digital hierarchical control unit. Its signal input terminal receives the fault judgment signal sent by the multi-channel comparison module. Based on the fault current peak value and fault duration pulse width information carried in the judgment signal, the instruction output module distinguishes the fault type and selectively outputs three types of independent drive instruction signals. The three types of drive signals are the upward output signals of the instruction output module and are all transmitted back to the upper power circuit unit: the surge MOSFET drive signal is output to the surge protection branch, the chip drive instruction is output to the power conversion sub-circuit, and the power MOSFET drive signal is output to the power conversion sub-circuit.

[0041] The complete workflow of this embodiment relies on the closed-loop operation of the input-output and connection relationships of each module, and is divided into five steps: Step 1, Signal Acquisition and Transmission: After the power supply is powered on, the power circuit unit continuously supplies electrical energy to the gas ionization discharge load. The bus sampling point, power module sampling point, and output sampling point collect the current in real time and generate three analog quantities, V1, V2, and V3, which are then input to the analog quantity acquisition module of the digital hierarchical control unit. Step 2, Data Storage and Adaptive Calculation of References: The analog signal acquisition module inputs the conditioned three analog signals into the data storage module and the multi-channel comparison module respectively; the data storage module saves the sampled current data in real time, and simultaneously retrieves historical fault and operation data to the multi-channel comparison module; the multi-channel comparison module adaptively updates the three sets of reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3 by combining real-time operating conditions and historical data. Step 3: Parallel fault comparison and judgment: The three comparison units in the multi-channel comparison module synchronously compare V1, V2, and V3 with the corresponding reference voltages. Based on the duration and peak value of the current over-limit, three types of faults are distinguished: long-term overcurrent lasting several milliseconds, mild instantaneous current surge within 1ms, and severe short circuit with current exceeding the device's tolerance limit. The corresponding fault judgment signal is generated and output to the instruction output module. Step 4: Implement protection by issuing drive commands in stages: The command output module outputs the corresponding drive signal based on the fault type and sends it upwards to the power circuit unit. 1. Long-term continuous overcurrent condition: The output power MOSFET drive signal is sent to the power conversion sub-circuit, triggering the output current limiting protection branch, which linearly reduces the output voltage and limits the maximum output power of the whole machine; 2. Slight current surge within 1ms: The output chip drives the command to the power conversion sub-circuit, triggering the self-recovery module protection branch to reduce the output power current limit; after the load discharge disappears and the current returns to normal, the power conversion sub-circuit automatically resumes the standard PWM drive output without the need for an external input restart command, and the whole machine maintains uninterrupted power supply; 3. Severe short circuit fault condition: The surge MOSFET drive signal is sent to the surge protection branch, the surge MOSFET is turned off and the power input bus is cut off, and the whole machine has no power output; after the fault is cleared, an external restart command needs to be input to the whole machine before the surge MOSFET can be turned on again to restore power supply. Step 5: Fault Data Write-back and Update: After any type of protection action is executed, the digital hierarchical control unit collects the peak fault current, fault duration pulse width, and triggered protection branch type data, and sends them to the data storage module as fault record input to complete the storage update. The updated historical data is called up in the next round of adaptive calculation of the reference voltage to continuously optimize the protection judgment threshold.

[0042] In one optional embodiment, the key feature of the intelligent hierarchical protection control method for power supplies provided in this application is that the digital hierarchical control unit synchronously collects three analog current quantities V1, V2, and V3 from the bus sampling point, power module sampling point, and output sampling point, and compares them with adaptive reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3, respectively. This allows for the accurate identification of three types of fault characteristics: long-term overcurrent lasting several milliseconds or more, short-term mild current pulses with a pulse width of less than 1 ms, and severe short circuits with current amplitudes exceeding the tolerance limits of the lines and devices. Based on this fault identification result, the control unit triggers the output current limiting protection branch, the self-recovery module protection branch, and the bus shutdown surge protection branch, respectively, thereby achieving accurate fault location and differentiated handling.

[0043] This embodiment's architecture is adapted to gas ionization discharge loads and can cover four types of operating conditions: load start-up impact, steady-state constant current operation, random non-periodic instantaneous gas breakdown discharge, and instantaneous load short circuit. Relying on a complete hardware connection and signal interaction logic with multi-channel acquisition, multi-channel independent comparison, three-level protection, and historical data adaptive threshold adjustment, it solves the defects of traditional power supplies' fixed single threshold protection, such as frequent false shutdowns and lagging short circuit protection.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply intelligent protection architecture, characterized in that, Includes power loop units and digital hierarchical control units; The power circuit unit is equipped with multiple current sampling points to supply power to the load and collect analog circuit current. The digital hierarchical control unit is sequentially equipped with an analog quantity acquisition module, a data storage module, a multi-channel comparison module, and an instruction output module along the signal flow direction. The analog quantity acquisition module receives multiple analog current signals output by the power loop unit. The data storage module stores sampled data, historical fault peak values, and pulse width data. The multi-channel comparison module can adaptively configure multi-level protection thresholds based on historical load operating data and perform analog quantity comparison based on the peak value and continuous pulse width of the current anomaly. The instruction output module outputs different protection drive instructions hierarchically according to the comparison results of the multi-channel comparison module, driving the power loop unit to perform differentiated protection.

2. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power loop unit has multiple current sampling points, including bus sampling points, power module sampling points, and output sampling points, which respectively collect analog bus current V1, analog module current V2, and analog output current V3.

3. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel comparison module includes a bus current comparison unit, a module current comparison unit, and an output current comparison unit. Each comparison unit is configured with adaptively and dynamically adjustable reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3.

4. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection drive commands output by the command output module are divided into three categories: surge MOSFET drive signals, chip drive commands, and power MOSFET drive signals, which correspond to the three independent protection branches inside the power circuit unit, respectively.

5. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power circuit unit integrates three levels of protection branches, namely, output current limiting protection branch, self-recovery module protection branch, and bus shutdown surge protection branch. The output current limiting protection branch is used to respond to continuous millisecond-level overcurrent conditions and limit the maximum output power of the power supply. The self-recovery module protection branch is used to respond to a slight current surge within 1ms and automatically restore power supply after the load fault is eliminated. The busbar shutdown surge protection branch is used to respond to instantaneous high current conditions that exceed the tolerance limits of the line and devices, and to cut off the power input path.

6. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bus shutdown surge protection branch is constructed from resistors, transistors, and surge MOSFETs. After the input is cut off by the operation of this branch, the circuit can only be restored by receiving an external restart command. The power circuit unit is also equipped with a power conversion sub-circuit composed of power MOSFETs, transformers, and rectifier diodes.

7. The intelligent power protection architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex load is a gas ionization discharge load, which is suitable for various sudden electrical conditions such as load start-up impact, steady-state constant current operation, random instantaneous discharge, and instantaneous short circuit.

8. A power supply intelligent hierarchical protection control method, characterized in that, Based on the intelligent power protection architecture described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the implementation includes the following steps: The analog current output from multiple sampling points of the power loop unit is collected; The digital hierarchical control unit stores sampled data, historical fault peak values ​​and pulse width data, and adaptively generates multi-channel protection reference thresholds by combining historical operating data; Compare the analog current values ​​of each channel with the corresponding reference thresholds, and distinguish the fault type based on the abnormal current peak value and continuous pulse width. The graded output corresponds to the protection drive command, controlling the power circuit unit to perform differentiated protection actions; Record the parameters of this fault and update them to historical data for use in the next round of adaptive adjustment of protection thresholds.

9. The intelligent graded protection control method for power supply according to claim 8, characterized in that, The multi-channel sampling points include bus sampling points, power module sampling points, and output sampling points. The analog current quantities collected synchronously are bus current analog quantity V1, module current analog quantity V2, and output current analog quantity V3. The multi-path protection reference threshold includes adaptive reference voltages Vref1, Vref2, and Vref3 corresponding to V1, V2, and V3, respectively. Compare V1 with Vref1, V2 with Vref2, and V3 with Vref3 respectively, and distinguish three types of faults—long-term continuous overcurrent, short-term mild pulse, and severe short circuit—based on the continuous pulse width and peak amplitude of the current over-limit. Among them, a long-term continuous overcurrent corresponds to triggering the output current limiting protection branch of claim 5, a short-term mild pulse corresponds to triggering the self-recovery module protection branch of claim 5, and a severe short circuit corresponds to triggering the bus shutdown surge protection branch of claim 5.

10. The intelligent graded protection and control method for power supply according to claim 9, characterized in that, When a short-term, slight current pulse fault is detected, the self-recovery module protection is activated, and the power supply maintains the input power supply. The rated power output can be automatically restored without issuing external commands.

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