A power management circuit and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to a power management circuit and an electronic device, and relates to the technical field of circuits. The power management circuit comprises a first power supply end, a second power supply end, a first load end, a second load end, a current sensor, a protection circuit, a power calculation circuit and at least one switch. The current sensor is used for detecting current. The first power supply end is coupled with the first load end. The second power supply end is coupled with a first end of the current sensor, and a second end of the current sensor is coupled with the second load end. The power calculation circuit and the protection circuit are both coupled with the current sensor. The at least one switch is arranged on a loop formed by a power supply, the first power supply end, the first load end, a load, the second load end, the current sensor and the second power supply end. The protection circuit comprises at least one protection end. The at least one protection end of the protection circuit is one-to-one coupled with a control end of the at least one switch. In this way, the circuit cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit technology, and more particularly to a power management circuit and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic devices use power supplies to power loads. These devices typically include protection devices and power calculation devices. Protection devices disconnect the circuit when the current in the power supply-load loop is high, thus providing protection. Power calculation devices detect the current in the power supply-load loop and calculate the amount of power required. Currently, the circuitry for these protection devices and power calculation devices is relatively expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a power management circuit and electronic device that solves the problem of high circuit cost in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, a power management circuit is provided, comprising: a first power supply terminal, a second power supply terminal, a first load terminal, a second load terminal, a current sensor, a protection circuit, a power calculation circuit, and at least one switch. The current sensor is used to detect current. The first and second power supply terminals are used to couple power supplies. The first and second load terminals are used to couple loads. The first power supply terminal is coupled to the first load terminal. The second power supply terminal is coupled to a first terminal of the current sensor, and the second terminal of the current sensor is coupled to the second load terminal. The power calculation circuit and the protection circuit are both coupled to the current sensor. At least one switch is used to connect to the circuit formed by the power supply, the first power supply terminal, the first load terminal, the load, the second load terminal, the current sensor, and the second power supply terminal. The protection circuit includes at least one protection terminal. The at least one protection terminal of the protection circuit is coupled one-to-one with the control terminal of the at least one switch.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit can share the same current sensor, and both the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit can detect the current through the current sensor. The power management circuit can reduce the need for a separate current sensor, thus reducing costs, improving the effective utilization rate of the circuit board, lowering production costs, reducing power consumption caused by the current sensor, and reducing power supply voltage drop.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. And / or, a switch is provided between the second terminal of the current sensor and the second load terminal. In the above possible implementations, after the protection circuit controls the switch to open, the protection circuit can detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through the current sensor, which facilitates the protection circuit to detect the voltage status of the power supply and restore the circuit. Furthermore, the switch setting method is relatively flexible.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the current sensor includes a resistor. The power calculation circuit includes a first sampling terminal and a second sampling terminal. The protection circuit further includes a third sampling terminal and a fourth sampling terminal. The first sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit and the third sampling terminal of the protection circuit are both coupled to the first terminal of the resistor, and the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit and the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit are both coupled to the second terminal of the resistor. In the above possible implementations, the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit can share a resistor, and both the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit can detect the current through the resistor. The power management circuit can reduce the number of resistors, thus reducing costs, improving the effective utilization of the circuit board, reducing production costs, reducing power consumption caused by resistors, and reducing power supply voltage drop.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. And / or, a switch is provided between the second terminal of the resistor, the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit, and the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit, and the second load terminal. In the above possible implementations, after the protection circuit controls the switch to open, the protection circuit can detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through the resistor, facilitating the protection circuit to detect the voltage status of the power supply and restore the circuit. Furthermore, the switch configuration is relatively flexible.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the power calculation circuit includes a first charging terminal and a second charging terminal. Both the first power supply terminal and the first charging terminal of the power calculation circuit are coupled to a first load terminal. The second terminal of the resistor, the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit, the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit, and the second charging terminal of the power calculation circuit are all coupled to a second load terminal. In the above possible implementation, the power calculation circuit can be charged through the first and second charging terminals. The protection circuit can be charged through the third and fourth charging terminals. The power calculation circuit and the protection circuit do not require additional power supplies, making the circuit relatively simple.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a switch is provided between the endpoint coupled to the first load terminal and the first charging terminal of the power calculation circuit, and the first power supply terminal. And / or, a switch is provided between the endpoint coupled to the second terminal of the resistor, the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit, and the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit, and the endpoint coupled to the second load terminal and the second charging terminal of the power calculation circuit. In the above possible implementation, a switch is provided between the endpoint coupled to the first load terminal and the first charging terminal of the power calculation circuit, and the first power supply terminal. Thus, after the protection circuit controls the switch to open, the protection circuit can detect the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the resistor, facilitating the protection circuit to detect the voltage status of the power supply and restore the circuit. Furthermore, after the protection circuit controls the switch to open, the voltages of the first charging terminal, the second charging terminal, the first sampling terminal, and the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit are all the voltage of the second power supply terminal. There is no significant voltage difference between the two sampling terminals of the power calculation circuit and the first charging terminal, and between these two sampling terminals and the second charging terminal, preventing the voltage between the two terminals from exceeding the withstand voltage value. This can prevent the voltage between the two terminals of the power calculation circuit from exceeding the withstand voltage value when the protection mechanism is triggered, thus preventing damage to the power calculation circuit. A switch is installed between the endpoint coupled to the second terminal of the resistor, the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit, and the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit, and the endpoint coupled to the second load terminal and the second charging terminal of the power calculation circuit. This allows the protection circuit to detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through the resistor after the control switch is opened, facilitating the detection of the power supply voltage and the restoration of the circuit. Furthermore, the switch configuration is quite flexible.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the power management circuit is mounted on the motherboard of the electronic device. In the aforementioned possible implementations, the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit are mounted on the same motherboard, facilitating the sharing of a current sensor between the two circuits.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit are integrated into a single chip. This possible implementation saves space for the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit, reduces the number of external components, and decreases the space occupied on the circuit board, thereby simplifying the circuit and reducing costs.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the current sensor includes a transmission line and a current sensing device. A second power supply terminal is coupled to a first end of the transmission line, and a second end of the transmission line is coupled to a second load terminal. Both the power calculation circuit and the protection circuit are coupled to the current sensing device. The current sensing device is used to detect the current in the transmission line. The above possible implementations can be applied to industrial scenarios to improve current detection accuracy or reduce costs.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the current sensing device is a Hall sensor or a fluxgate current transformer. In the above possible implementations, the Hall sensor enables non-contact detection, reducing losses. The fluxgate current transformer is suitable for requirements of high current and high accuracy.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. And / or, a switch is provided between the second end of the transmission line and the second load terminal. In the above possible implementations, after the protection circuit controls the switch to open, the protection circuit can obtain the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the current sensing device and the transmission line, facilitating the protection circuit to detect the voltage status of the power supply and restore the circuit. Furthermore, the switch configuration is relatively flexible.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the power calculation circuit and the current sensing device are integrated in the same device. This possible implementation saves the area of ​​the power calculation circuit and the current sensing device, reduces the number of external components, and reduces the space occupied by the circuit board, thereby simplifying the circuit and reducing costs.

[0018] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of the power supply, and the second power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of the power supply. Alternatively, the first power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of the power supply, and the second power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of the power supply. In the above possible implementations, the coupling method between the power management circuit and the power supply is relatively flexible.

[0019] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising a circuit board and a power management circuit provided by the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0020] Understandably, the electronic device described above includes the power management circuit described above. Therefore, the beneficial effects it can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects of the power management circuit described above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 ;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 ;

[0029] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 ;

[0030] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 . Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this application are only used to distinguish features of the same type and should not be construed as indicating relative importance, quantity, order, etc. The different designations for devices, apparatuses, circuits, or components in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish different individuals of the same type or function.

[0032] The terms "exemplary" or "for example" used in the embodiments of this application are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0033] The terms "coupling" and "connection" used in the embodiments of this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a physical direct connection or an indirect connection achieved through electronic devices, such as a connection achieved through resistors, inductors, capacitors or other electronic devices.

[0034] First, the application scenarios of the embodiments of this application will be introduced. The embodiments of this application can be applied to electronic devices that require a power source. These electronic devices include, but are not limited to: mobile phones, tablets, computers, laptops, cameras, camcorders, wearable devices, terminal devices, mobile communication devices, vehicles, in-vehicle equipment, industrial equipment, energy storage devices, or other devices, etc.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 1000 may include a power management circuit 100, a power supply 200, a load 300, and a circuit board. Figure 1 (Not shown). The power management circuit 100 may be mounted on a circuit board. The power management circuit 100 may include a coupled protection device 110 and a power calculation device 120. Both the power supply 200 and the load 300 are coupled to the power management circuit 100. It is understood that the power supply 200 may be located inside or outside the electronic device 1000. The load 300 may be located inside or outside the electronic device 1000.

[0036] Power source 200 can be used to power load 300. Power source 200 may include a battery, mains power, generator, or solar panel, etc.

[0037] The protection device 110 can be used to disconnect the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300 when the current is large, thereby achieving a protection function. For example, the protection device 110 may include a protection circuit, a current sensor, and a switch. The protection circuit may be, for example, a protection chip or a protection integrated circuit (IC). The current sensor is used to detect the current in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300. The current sensor may be, for example, a resistor; in this embodiment, the resistor used for current detection may be called a current-sensing resistor or a sampling resistor. The switch may be called a protection switch, and the switch may be a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), such as a P-type MOS or an N-type MOS, or other types of switches. The protection circuit can be used to detect the current in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300 through the current sensor, and to disconnect the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300 through the switch.

[0038] The power calculation device 120 can be used to detect the current in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300, and calculate the power consumption of the power supply 200 based on the current. For example, the power calculation device 120 may include a power calculation circuit and a current sensor. The power calculation circuit may be, for example, a fuel gauge chip. The power calculation circuit can detect the current in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300 through the current sensor, and calculate the power consumption of the power supply 200 based on the current.

[0039] In some possible implementations, the protection device 110 and the power calculation device 120 are each provided with a current sensor, for example, each is provided with a resistor, and the protection device 110 and the power calculation device 120 detect the current through different resistors.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, taking electronic device 1000 as an example, Figure 1 The power management circuit 100 in the middle can be Figure 2 The power management circuit 100A is located in the device. The power supply 200A can be a battery or a battery pack. The protection device 110A of the power management circuit 100A can be called a battery protection board. The protection device 110A, originally belonging to the phone's battery pack, can be placed together with the power calculation device 120A on the phone's motherboard. This frees up more space in the phone, increasing the battery capacity. The power supply 200A can be coupled to the motherboard via a flexible printed circuit (FPC). Both the FPC and the load 300A can be coupled to the power management circuit 100A via traces on the motherboard.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the power supply 200A can be a battery pack, such as a 4.5-volt (V) battery. The FPC can be designed with fuses.

[0042] The protection device 110A may include protection circuit 111A1, protection circuit 111A2, resistor RA1, switch KA1, and switch KA2. The positive terminals of protection circuit 111A1 and protection circuit 111A2 are both coupled to the positive (+) terminal of the power supply 200A, and the negative terminal of protection circuit 111A1... Figure 3 (not shown) and the negative terminal of protection circuit 111A2 ( Figure 3 (Not shown) are all coupled to the negative terminal (-) of the power supply 200A. Protection circuit 111A1 is powered through its positive and negative terminals, and protection circuit 111A2 is powered through its positive and negative terminals. The two sampling terminals of protection circuit 111A1 and the two sampling terminals of protection circuit 111A2 are coupled to both sides of resistor RA1. Resistor RA1, switch KA1, and switch KA2 are all set in the circuit between power supply 200A and load 300A. Protection circuit 111A1 is also coupled to the control terminal of switch KA1 ( Figure 3 (Not shown). The protection circuit 111A2 is also coupled to the control terminal of switch KA2 ( Figure 3 (Not shown). Protection circuit 111A2 and switch KA2 can achieve primary protection. Protection circuit 111A1 and switch KA1 can achieve secondary protection.

[0043] The power calculation device 120A may include a power calculation circuit 121A and a resistor RA2. The positive terminal of the power calculation circuit 121A is coupled to the positive terminal of the load 300A, and the negative terminal of the power calculation circuit 121A ( Figure 3 (Not shown) Coupled to the negative terminal of the load 300A. The power calculation circuit 121A is powered through its positive and negative terminals. The two sampling terminals of the power calculation circuit 121A are coupled across the resistor RA2. The resistor RA2 is placed in the loop between the power supply 200A and the load 300A.

[0044] The power management circuit 100A may also include a buck charger, a supercharger (SC), and an overvoltage protection circuit (OVP). The two sampling terminals of the SC are coupled across resistor R2. The SC is coupled to the battery voltage Vbat. The buck charger includes switches Q1 and Q4, and a buck circuit comprising switches Q2 and Q3, and an inductor. The input of the buck circuit is used to input the preceding voltage Vbus of the SC, and the output of the buck circuit is used to output the system voltage Vsys to the load 300A. The load 300A can also be called the system load. The OVP includes a switch. The OVP can be coupled to the positive (+) terminal of the charging interface, and the second terminal of RA2 can be coupled to the negative terminal of the charging interface. The charging interface can be an interface for coupling a mobile phone to a charger.

[0045] The coupling relationship of the above circuits can be referred to Figure 3 The coupling relationship shown is not described again in the embodiments of this application.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 1 The power management circuit 100 in the middle can be Figure 4 The power management circuit 100B includes a power supply positive terminal, a power supply negative terminal, a load positive terminal, a load negative terminal, resistors RB1 and RB2, a protection circuit 111B, a power calculation circuit 121B, and a switch KB. The power calculation circuit 121B includes a positive terminal cB1, a negative terminal cB2, a first sampling terminal sB1, and a second sampling terminal sB2. The protection circuit 111B includes a positive terminal cB3, a negative terminal cB4, a third sampling terminal sB3, a fourth sampling terminal sB4, and a protection terminal pB.

[0047] The positive terminal of the power supply is used to couple the positive (+) terminal of power supply 200B, and the negative terminal of the power supply is used to couple the negative (-) terminal of power supply 200B. The positive terminal of the load is used to couple the positive (+) terminal of load 300B, and the negative terminal of the load is used to couple the negative (-) terminal of load 300B. The positive terminal of the power supply, the positive terminal cB3 of protection circuit 111B, and the positive terminal cB1 of power calculation circuit 121B are all coupled to the positive terminal of the load. The negative terminal of the power supply, the negative terminal cB4 of protection circuit 111B, and the fourth sampling terminal sB4 of protection circuit 111B are all coupled to the first terminal of resistor RB1. The third sampling terminal sB3 of protection circuit 111B and the first terminal of switch KB are all coupled to the second terminal of resistor RB1. The first sampling terminal sB1 of power calculation circuit 121B and the second terminal of switch KB are all coupled to the first terminal of resistor RB2. The negative terminal of the load, the negative terminal cB2 of power calculation circuit 121B, and the second sampling terminal sB2 of power calculation circuit 121B are all coupled to the second terminal of resistor RB2. The protection terminal pB of the protection circuit 111B is coupled to the control terminal of the switch KB.

[0048] During normal operation of electronic device 1000, protection circuit 111B can detect the voltage across resistor RB1 to obtain the current in the circuit between power supply 200B and load 300B. Power calculation circuit 121B can detect the voltage across resistor RB2 to obtain the current in the circuit between power supply 200B and load 300B, and calculate the power consumption of power supply 200B, for example, by integrating the current with time to obtain the charge / discharge amount of power supply 200B.

[0049] When the loop current of power supply 200B and load 300B is abnormal (such as short circuit or overcurrent), the protection circuit 111B determines that the current is greater than the safety threshold, and then the protection circuit 111B can control the switch KB to open.

[0050] After the control switch KB is turned off, the positive voltage of load 300B is the positive voltage of power supply 200B (e.g., 5V), and the negative terminal of load 300B is floating, its voltage also being the positive voltage of power supply 200B (e.g., 5V). The voltages at the positive terminal cB1, negative terminal cB2, first sampling terminal sB1, and second sampling terminal sB2 of the power calculation circuit 121B are all the positive voltage of power supply 200B (e.g., 5V). There is no significant voltage difference between the terminals of the power calculation circuit 121B, preventing the voltage between them from exceeding the withstand voltage value. The withstand voltage value refers to the maximum voltage value between two terminals of the power calculation circuit (e.g., two pins of the power calculation chip). If the voltage between the two terminals of the power calculation circuit exceeds the withstand voltage value, it may damage the power calculation circuit (e.g., the power calculation chip).

[0051] After the control switch KB is opened, the protection circuit 111B can obtain the negative voltage (e.g., 0V) of the power supply 200B by detecting the voltage across the resistor RB1. When the circuit meets the recovery conditions, the protection circuit 111B can control the switch KB to turn on, thereby connecting the power supply 200B and the load 300B, allowing the electronic device 1000 to continue to operate normally.

[0052] like Figure 1 Electronic devices adopt Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, both the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit are equipped with resistors, and the protection circuit and the power calculation circuit detect current through different resistors. The protection circuit can use one set of resistors, and the power calculation circuit can use another set of resistors. These two sets of resistors are connected in series in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300, resulting in higher cost, lower circuit board utilization, and higher production costs. Furthermore, connecting the two sets of resistors in series in the circuit between the power supply 200 and the load 300 leads to higher power consumption and a larger voltage drop across the power supply 200.

[0053] In some other possible implementations, the protection device 110 and the power calculation device 120 share a current sensor, for example, a shared resistor, and both the protection device 110 and the power calculation device 120 detect current through the same resistor. That is, the current sensor in the protection device 110 used to detect current for protection functions is the same current sensor used in the power calculation device 120 for detecting current for power calculation.

[0054] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a power management circuit, such as... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 1 The power management circuit 100 in the middle can be Figure 5 The power management circuit 100C is included.

[0055] The power management circuit 100C includes: a first power supply terminal, a second power supply terminal, a first load terminal, a second load terminal, a current sensor 130C, a protection circuit 111C, a power calculation circuit 121C, and at least one switch. The current sensor 130C is used to detect current. The first and second power supply terminals are used to couple power supply 200C. The first and second load terminals are used to couple load 300C. The first power supply terminal is coupled to the first load terminal. The second power supply terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the current sensor 130C, and the second terminal of the current sensor 130C is coupled to the second load terminal. Both the power calculation circuit 121C and the protection circuit 111C are coupled to the current sensor 130C. At least one switch is used to connect to the circuit formed by power supply 200C, the first power supply terminal, the first load terminal, load 300C, the second load terminal, the current sensor 130C, and the second power supply terminal. The circuit formed by power supply 200C, the first power supply terminal, the first load terminal, load 300C, the second load terminal, the current sensor 130C, and the second power supply terminal is also the circuit between power supply 200C and load 300C. Protection circuit 111C includes at least one protection terminal ( Figure 5 (Not shown). At least one protection terminal of the protection circuit 111C is coupled one-to-one with the control terminal of at least one switch.

[0056] For example, during normal operation of the electronic device 1000, the protection circuit 111C can obtain the current in the circuit between the power supply 200C and the load 300C through the voltage across the current sensor 130C. The power calculation circuit 121C can obtain the current in the circuit between the power supply 200C and the load 300C through the voltage across the current sensor 130C, and calculate the power of the power supply 200C, for example, by integrating the current with time to obtain the charge / discharge amount of the power supply 200C. When the circuit current between the power supply 200C and the load 300C is abnormal (such as a short circuit or overcurrent), the protection circuit 111C determines that the current is greater than a safety threshold, and then the protection circuit 111C can control at least one switch to open.

[0057] As another example, the power calculation circuit 121C can be a power management unit (PMU). Optionally, all the components in the current sensor 130C can be used together with the protection circuit 111C to achieve the protection function, and all the components in the current sensor 130C can be used together with the power calculation circuit 121C to achieve the power calculation function.

[0058] In this embodiment, the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C can share the current sensor 130C. Both the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C can detect the current through the same current sensor 130C. The power management circuit 100C can reduce the number of current sensors 130C, thus reducing costs, improving the effective utilization of the circuit board, lowering production costs, reducing the power consumption caused by the current sensor 130C, and reducing the voltage drop of the power supply 200C.

[0059] In some possible implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the location of the switch can include at least one of the following:

[0060] A switch KC1 is installed between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. In this way, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC1 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the current sensor 130C, so that the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0061] A switch KC2 is provided between the second terminal of the current sensor 130C and the second load terminal. In this way, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC2 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the current sensor 130C, so that the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0062] A switch KC3 is provided between the second power supply terminal and the first terminal of the current sensor 130C. Thus, when the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC3 to open, the protection circuit 111C detects the voltage at the second load terminal through the current sensor 130C. The protection circuit 111C can use other detection and recovery loop methods.

[0063] It can be seen that the switch settings are quite flexible.

[0064] In some possible implementations, Figure 5 The current sensor 130C in the middle may include a resistor, such as a high-precision current sampling resistor.

[0065] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the power calculation circuit 121C includes a first sampling terminal sC1 and a second sampling terminal sC2. The protection circuit 111C includes a third sampling terminal sC3 and a fourth sampling terminal sC4. The first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the third sampling terminal sC3 of the protection circuit 111C are both coupled to the first terminal of the resistor RC, and the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of the protection circuit 111C are both coupled to the second terminal of the resistor RC.

[0066] In this embodiment, the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C can share a resistor RC, and both the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C can detect the current through the resistor RC. The power management circuit 100C can reduce the number of resistors RC, thus reducing costs, improving the effective utilization of the circuit board, reducing production costs, reducing power consumption caused by the resistor RC, and reducing the voltage drop of the power supply 200C.

[0067] In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the location of the switch can include at least one of the following:

[0068] A switch KC1 is installed between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. Thus, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC1 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through the resistor RC, facilitating the protection circuit 111C to monitor the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0069] A switch KC2 is provided between the second end of resistor RC, the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C, and the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of the protection circuit 111C, and the second load terminal. Thus, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC2 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through resistor RC, facilitating the protection circuit 111C to monitor the voltage status of power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0070] A switch KC3 is provided between the first end of resistor RC, the first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C, and the third sampling terminal sC3 of the protection circuit 111C, and the second power supply terminal. Thus, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC3 to open, the protection circuit 111C detects the voltage at the second load terminal through resistor RC. The protection circuit 111C can use other detection and recovery loop methods.

[0071] For example, a switch can be provided between the coupling endpoints of the first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the third sampling terminal sC3 of the protection circuit 111C, and the first terminal of the resistor RC. Alternatively, a switch can be provided between the coupling endpoints of the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of the protection circuit 111C, and the second terminal of the resistor RC. However, when either of these switches is open, the voltage at the first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C is the voltage of the second power supply terminal, and the voltage at the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C is the voltage of the first power supply terminal, which may damage the power calculation circuit 121C. Therefore, this switch setting method needs to be used in conjunction with other switch setting methods (such as switch KC1) in the embodiments of this application to avoid damage to the power calculation circuit 121C.

[0072] It can be seen that the switch settings are quite flexible.

[0073] In some possible implementations, Figure 5 The protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C also need to consider the setting of the charging end.

[0074] In some examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the power calculation circuit 121C may include a first charging terminal cC1 and a second charging terminal cC2. The protection circuit 111C may include a third charging terminal cC3 and a fourth charging terminal cC4. The first power supply terminal, the third charging terminal cC3 of the protection circuit 111C, and the first charging terminal cC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C are all coupled to the first load terminal. The second end of the resistor RC, the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C, the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of the protection circuit 111C, and the second charging terminal cC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C are all coupled to the second load terminal. The first end of the resistor RC, the third sampling terminal sC3 of the protection circuit 111C, the first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C, and the fourth charging terminal cC4 of the protection circuit 111C are all coupled to the second power supply terminal.

[0075] In this embodiment, the power calculation circuit 121C can be charged through the first charging terminal cC1 and the second charging terminal cC2. The protection circuit 111C can be charged through the third charging terminal cC3 and the fourth charging terminal cC4. The power calculation circuit 121C and the protection circuit 111C do not require additional power supplies, making the circuit relatively simple.

[0076] In some examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the location of the switch can include at least one of the following:

[0077] A switch is provided between the endpoint coupled to the first load terminal and the first charging terminal cC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C, and the first power supply terminal. For example, a switch KC1 is provided between the endpoint coupled to the first load terminal and the first charging terminal cC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C, and the endpoint coupled to the first power supply terminal and the third charging terminal cC3 of the protection circuit 111C. Thus, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC1 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the RC resistor, facilitating the protection circuit 111C to detect the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit. Furthermore, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC1 to open, the voltages of the first charging terminal cC1, the second charging terminal cC2, the first sampling terminal sC1, and the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C are all the voltage of the second power supply terminal. There is no significant voltage difference between the two sampling terminals of the power calculation circuit 121C and the first charging terminal cC1, and between these two sampling terminals and the second charging terminal cC2, preventing the voltage between the two terminals from exceeding the withstand voltage value. This prevents the voltage between the two terminals of the power calculation circuit 121C from exceeding the withstand voltage value when the protection mechanism is triggered, thus preventing damage to the power calculation circuit 121C.

[0078] A switch KC2 is provided between the second end of resistor RC, the endpoint coupled to the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of the protection circuit 111C, and the endpoint coupled to the second load terminal and the second charging terminal cC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C. Thus, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC2 to open, the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage at the second power supply terminal through resistor RC, facilitating the protection circuit 111C to monitor the voltage status of power supply 200C and restore the circuit. In this case, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC2 to open, there may be a large voltage difference between the two sampling terminals of the power calculation circuit 121C and the first charging terminal cC1, and between these two sampling terminals and the second charging terminal cC2. A power calculation circuit 121C with a higher withstand voltage value can be selected to avoid damage.

[0079] A switch KC3 is provided between the first end of resistor RC, the endpoint coupled to the first sampling terminal sC1 of the power calculation circuit 121C and the third sampling terminal sC3 of the protection circuit 111C, and the endpoint coupled to the second power supply terminal and the fourth charging terminal cC4 of the protection circuit 111C. Thus, when the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC3 to open, the protection circuit 111C detects the voltage of the second load terminal through resistor RC. The protection circuit 111C can use other detection recovery loop methods. Furthermore, when the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC3 to open, the voltages of the first charging terminal cC1, the second charging terminal cC2, the first sampling terminal sC1, and the second sampling terminal sC2 of the power calculation circuit 121C are all the voltages of the second load terminal. There is no significant voltage difference between the two sampling terminals of the power calculation circuit 121C and the first charging terminal cC1, and between these two sampling terminals and the second charging terminal cC2, preventing the voltage between the two terminals from exceeding the withstand voltage value. This prevents the voltage between the two terminals of the power calculation circuit 121C from exceeding the withstand voltage value, thus avoiding damage to the power calculation circuit 121C.

[0080] For example, a switch can be provided between the first end of resistor RC, the first sampling terminal sC1 of power calculation circuit 121C, the third sampling terminal sC3 of protection circuit 111C, and the fourth charging terminal cC4 of protection circuit 111C, and the second power supply terminal. Alternatively, a switch can be provided between the first load terminal, the first charging terminal cC1 of power calculation circuit 121C, and the third charging terminal cC3 of protection circuit 111C, and the first power supply terminal. In both cases, when the switch is open, protection circuit 111C is not charged through power supply 200C, and protection circuit 111C can be charged through other means.

[0081] For example, a switch can be provided between the second terminal of resistor RC, the second sampling terminal sC2 of power calculation circuit 121C, the fourth sampling terminal sC4 of protection circuit 111C, and the second charging terminal cC2 of power calculation circuit 121C, and the second load terminal. Alternatively, a switch can be provided between the first power supply terminal, the third charging terminal cC3 of protection circuit 111C, and the first charging terminal cC1 of power calculation circuit 121C, and the first load terminal. However, when either of these switches is open, the voltage of the first charging terminal cC1 of power calculation circuit 121C is the voltage of the first power supply terminal, and the voltage of the second charging terminal cC2 of power calculation circuit 121C is the voltage of the second power supply terminal, which may damage power calculation circuit 121C. Therefore, this switch setting method needs to be used in conjunction with other switch setting methods (such as switch KC1) in the embodiments of this application to avoid damage to power calculation circuit 121C.

[0082] It can be seen that the switch settings are quite flexible.

[0083] In some possible implementations, the circuit board of the electronic device 1000 is a motherboard, and the power management circuit 100C is mounted on the motherboard of the electronic device 1000. For example, the electronic device 1000 is a mobile phone, and the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C of the power management circuit 100C are both mounted on the mobile phone motherboard. In this implementation, the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C are mounted on the same motherboard, which facilitates the sharing of the current sensor 130C between the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C.

[0084] In some possible implementations, the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C are integrated into a single chip, such as a system on chip (SOC). In this implementation, the area of ​​the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C can be saved, the number of external components can be reduced, and the space occupied on the circuit board can be reduced, thereby simplifying the circuit and reducing costs.

[0085] In some possible implementations, Figure 5 The current sensor 130C may include a transmission line and a current sensing device.

[0086] In some examples, such as Figure 8 As shown, the second power supply terminal is coupled to the first end of the transmission line, and the second end of the transmission line is coupled to the second load terminal. Both the power calculation circuit 121C and the protection circuit 111C are coupled to the current detection device 131. The current detection device 131 is used to detect the current in the transmission line. In this embodiment, it can be applied to industrial scenarios to improve current detection accuracy or reduce costs.

[0087] The current detector can be directly coupled to the transmission line. Alternatively, the current sensing device 131 can be non-directly coupled to the transmission line; for example, the current sensing device 131 can be a Hall sensor or a fluxgate current transformer. In this embodiment, the Hall sensor enables non-contact detection, reducing losses. The fluxgate current transformer is suitable for applications requiring high current and high accuracy.

[0088] In practice, the transmission line may be in the same entity as the conductor between the second power supply terminal and the second load terminal. The position of the transmission line in the conductor can be determined according to the detection position of the current detection device 131.

[0089] In some examples, such as Figure 8 As shown, the location of the switch can include at least one of the following:

[0090] A switch KC1 is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal. In this way, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC1 to open, the protection circuit 111C can obtain the voltage of the second power supply terminal through the current detection device 131 and the transmission line, so that the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0091] A switch KC2 is installed between the second end of the transmission line and the second load end. In this way, after the protection circuit 111C controls the switch KC2 to open, the protection circuit 111C can obtain the voltage of the second power supply end through the current detection device 131 and the transmission line, so that the protection circuit 111C can detect the voltage status of the power supply 200C and restore the circuit.

[0092] A switch KC3 is installed between the first end of the transmission line and the second power supply end. It can be seen that the switch is set in a relatively flexible manner.

[0093] In some possible implementations, Figure 5 The protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C also need to consider the setting of the charging end.

[0094] In some examples, such as Figure 9 As shown, the power calculation circuit 121C may include a first charging terminal cC1 and a second charging terminal cC2. The protection circuit 111C may include a third charging terminal cC3 and a fourth charging terminal cC4. The coupling method of the first charging terminal cC1, the second charging terminal cC2, the third charging terminal cC3, and the fourth charging terminal cC4 can be referred to Figure 9 The power calculation circuit 121C may include Figure 9 At least one switch is shown.

[0095] The switching method of the power calculation circuit 121C can refer to the scheme of the current sensor 130C including the resistor RC, and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0096] In some possible implementations, such as Figure 10 As shown, the power calculation circuit 121C and the current detection device 131 are integrated in the same device. Alternatively, the power calculation circuit 121C and the current detection device 131 are the same device, namely a Hall sensor or a fluxgate current transformer. In this embodiment, the area of ​​the power calculation circuit 121C and the current detection device 131 can be saved, the number of external components can be reduced, and the space occupied by the circuit board can be reduced, thereby simplifying the circuit and reducing costs.

[0097] In some possible implementations, Figures 5-10In the power management circuit 100C shown, a first power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of power supply 200C, and a second power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of power supply 200C. Alternatively, the first power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of power supply 200C, and the second power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of power supply 200C. For example, the negative terminal of load 300C can be referred to as the ground terminal. This provides a more flexible coupling method between the power management circuit 100C and power supply 200C.

[0098] In some possible implementations, Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown can be applied to the battery management system of an electric vehicle (EV). The EV battery management system requires accurate detection and protection of the battery current. Therefore, it can be used... Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown, when applied to an electric vehicle battery management system, can significantly reduce system complexity and cost. The example given is an electric vehicle battery management system using a resistor RC as a current sensor 130C. For instance, since the current in an electric vehicle battery is much greater than that in a mobile phone battery, a high-power current-sensing resistor can be used. As another example, in the battery pack of an electric vehicle, multiple protection circuits 111C or multiple power calculation circuits 121C can be set up. Each protection circuit 111C shares a resistor RC with one power calculation circuit 121C, allowing for multi-point sampling using multiple resistors RC to achieve more accurate current monitoring and protection. Furthermore, to improve system reliability and safety, a similar approach can be used... Figure 3 The method shown is used to set up primary and secondary protection schemes to prevent single point of failure.

[0099] In some possible implementations, Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown can be applied to industrial equipment and energy storage systems. Battery protection and energy management are equally crucial in industrial equipment and energy storage systems. Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown is applied in these fields to improve system efficiency and reliability. An example is given using an RC resistor as a current sensor 130C in industrial equipment and energy storage systems. Exemplarily, a high-precision current-sensing resistor suitable for high current detection is designed. Also exemplarily, in a multi-channel battery management system, the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C of each channel share a single RC resistor, managed uniformly by a controller. Still exemplarily, combining artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enables more intelligent battery management and fault prediction.

[0100] In some possible implementations, Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown can be applied to wearable devices. Battery management is also an important issue in wearable devices. Figures 5-10 The power management circuit 100C shown is applied to wearable devices, which can further reduce device size and power consumption. For example, a high-precision current sensing resistor is designed for use in small spaces. Also for example, the power consumption of the protection chip and fuel gauge chip is optimized, extending the device's standby time.

[0101] In some possible implementations, the power management circuit 100C may include multiple resistors RC, with the protection circuit 111C and the power calculation circuit 121C sharing each of these resistors RC. That is, the protection circuit 111C can detect the current in each resistor RC to determine if the position of that resistor RC is safe. The power calculation circuit 121C can detect the current in each resistor RC and calculate a more accurate power level by analyzing the currents at the positions of the multiple resistors RC.

[0102] In some possible implementations, higher-performance protection switches can be used to improve system response speed and reliability. For example, high-speed MOSFETs can be used for faster response and reduced protection delay. Alternatively, low-power MOSFETs can be used to optimize MOSFET power consumption and extend battery life.

[0103] In the various embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, circuits, and components can be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of circuits is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple circuits or components may be combined or integrated into another circuit, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0104] The circuits or devices described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one device or distributed across multiple devices. Some or all of the circuits or devices can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0105] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power management circuit, characterized in that, The power management circuit includes: a first power supply terminal, a second power supply terminal, a first load terminal, a second load terminal, a current sensor, a protection circuit, a power calculation circuit, and at least one switch; The current sensor is used to detect current; the first power supply terminal and the second power supply terminal are used to couple power supplies; the first load terminal and the second load terminal are used to couple loads. The first power supply terminal is coupled to the first load terminal; the second power supply terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the current sensor, and the second terminal of the current sensor is coupled to the second load terminal; the power calculation circuit and the protection circuit are both coupled to the current sensor. The at least one switch is used to be installed on the circuit formed by the power supply, the first power supply terminal, the first load terminal, the load, the second load terminal, the current sensor, and the second power supply terminal; the protection circuit includes at least one protection terminal; the at least one protection terminal of the protection circuit is coupled one-to-one with the control terminal of the at least one switch.

2. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal; and / or, The switch is provided between the second end of the current sensor and the second load end.

3. The power management circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The current sensor includes a resistor; The power calculation circuit includes a first sampling terminal and a second sampling terminal; the protection circuit further includes a third sampling terminal and a fourth sampling terminal; the first sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit and the third sampling terminal of the protection circuit are both coupled to the first terminal of the resistor, and the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit and the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit are both coupled to the second terminal of the resistor.

4. The power management circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal; and / or, The switch is provided between the second end of the resistor, the second sampling end of the power calculation circuit, and the fourth sampling end of the protection circuit, and the second load end.

5. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The power calculation circuit includes a first charging terminal and a second charging terminal; The first power supply terminal and the first charging terminal of the power calculation circuit are both coupled to the first load terminal; the second terminal of the resistor, the second sampling terminal of the power calculation circuit, the fourth sampling terminal of the protection circuit, and the second charging terminal of the power calculation circuit are all coupled to the second load terminal.

6. The power management circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, A switch is provided between the first load terminal and the first charging terminal of the power calculation circuit coupled to the first power supply terminal; and / or, The switch is provided between the endpoint coupled to the second end of the resistor, the second sampling end of the power calculation circuit, and the fourth sampling end of the protection circuit, and the endpoint coupled to the second load end and the second charging end of the power calculation circuit.

7. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The power management circuit is installed on the motherboard of the electronic device.

8. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The protection circuit and the power calculation circuit are integrated into a single chip.

9. The power management circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The current sensor includes a transmission line and a current detection device; The second power supply terminal is coupled to the first end of the transmission line, and the second end of the transmission line is coupled to the second load terminal; Both the power calculation circuit and the protection circuit are coupled to the current detection device; the current detection device is used to detect the current in the transmission line.

10. The power management circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The current detection device is a Hall sensor or a fluxgate current transformer.

11. The power management circuit according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The switch is provided between the first power supply terminal and the first load terminal; and / or, The switch is provided between the second end of the transmission line and the second load end.

12. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The power calculation circuit and the current detection device are integrated in the same device.

13. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The first power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of the power supply, and the second power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of the power supply; or, The first power supply terminal is used to couple the negative terminal of the power supply, and the second power supply terminal is used to couple the positive terminal of the power supply.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a circuit board and a power management circuit as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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