A protection circuit, power supply and power supply system

Abstract

A protection circuit comprises a combining circuit and a combining detection circuit, the combining circuit comprises a MOS tube, the combining detection circuit comprises a controller, the controller is used for inputting a first control voltage to a gate of the MOS tube and receiving a first voltage drop between a source and a drain of the MOS tube; and in a case that a voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within a set threshold range, it is determined that the MOS tube is at least in one state of short circuit or open circuit. In the application, the controller can input a control voltage to the gate of the MOS tube, and then by detecting whether the voltage difference between the voltage drop of the MOS tube after the control voltage is applied and the control voltage is within the set threshold range, it is quickly judged whether the combining circuit has an open circuit, a short circuit or other faults. Through this detection mode, the protection circuit can timely control the large circuit in which the protection circuit is located to stop working, so as to avoid the malignant accidents caused by the burning of the device when the MOS tube is in the open circuit and the current reverse flow when the MOS tube is in the short circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to a protection circuit, power supply, and power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] High-power communication systems typically employ a parallel configuration of multiple power supply units (PSUs) to ensure power supply reliability and redundancy. Each PSU generally contains an ORing circuit, which prevents reverse current flow when multiple PSUs are connected in parallel, ensuring that each PSU operates independently. The ORing circuit can be implemented using diodes or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). If the MOSFET in the ORing circuit fails, especially a short-circuit failure, it may trigger fault silence, ultimately leading to severe and irreversible losses such as a complete system power outage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a protection circuit that quickly determines whether the combining circuit has open-circuit, short-circuit, or other faults by detecting whether the voltage difference between the voltage drop of the MOSFET after the applied control voltage and the control voltage is within a set threshold range. Furthermore, this application also provides a power supply and power supply system corresponding to this combining detection circuit.

[0004] Therefore, the following technical solutions are adopted in the embodiments of this application:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a protection circuit, including: a combining circuit and a combining detection circuit. The combining circuit includes a MOSFET, and the combining detection circuit includes a controller. The controller is configured to input a first control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET and receive a first voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET; and, if the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within a set threshold range, determine that the MOSFET is in at least one of a short circuit or an open circuit state.

[0006] In this implementation, the controller can input a control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET, and then quickly determine whether there are open circuits, short circuits, or other faults in the combined circuit by detecting whether the voltage drop of the MOSFET after the applied control voltage is within a set threshold range. Through this detection method, the protection circuit can promptly stop the operation of the main circuit it is part of, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout when the MOSFET is open-circuited or current backflow caused when the MOSFET is short-circuited.

[0007] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to input a second control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET and receive a second voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET when the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range; and to determine that the MOSFET is in a normal state when the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range.

[0008] In this implementation, during the detection process, the controller can provide different control voltages to the MOSFET twice consecutively. Only after both detection results are verified to be correct will the controller stop the main circuit containing the protection circuit from operating. This operation avoids the influence of factors such as power consumption or voltage fluctuations in the circuit on the detection results, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the detection.

[0009] In one embodiment, the combining detection circuit further includes an operational amplifier and a subtractor. The operational amplifier includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the gate of the MOSFET. The subtractor includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The positive input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the drain of the MOSFET, the negative input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the output terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the controller.

[0010] In this embodiment, an operational amplifier is added between the controller and the MOSFET to maintain a stable drive voltage input to the MOSFET. A subtractor is added between the controller and the MOSFET to collect the voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET.

[0011] In one implementation, the second control voltage is greater than the first control voltage.

[0012] In one embodiment, the time interval between the controller outputting the first control voltage and the second control voltage is a preset time, which is greater than or equal to the stabilization duration. The stabilization duration is the time it takes for the voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor to stabilize after the gate voltage changes.

[0013] In this embodiment, by setting it up in this way, the voltage drop caused by the first control voltage applied to the MOSFET can be prevented from affecting the effect of the second control voltage on the MOSFET, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to receive a third voltage drop at the subtractor input when the MOSFET is in the off state, and determine that the MOSFET is in a normal state if the third voltage drop is a positive value greater than 0.

[0015] In this implementation, when the combining circuit is not working, the combining detection circuit can quickly determine whether there is a fault in the combining circuit by detecting whether the voltage drop of the MOSFET is greater than a positive value of 0. Through this detection method, the combining detection circuit can control the power conversion circuit to not be turned on, avoiding serious accidents such as burnt-out components and fires.

[0016] In one embodiment, the controller, before outputting the first control voltage, is further configured to acquire a historical status word indicating a previously detected fault state; check whether there is an unresolved fault state in the historical status word, and if there is no unresolved fault state in the historical status word, determine that the MOSFET is in at least one of a short circuit or an open circuit state.

[0017] In this implementation, before the controller outputs a control voltage, it acquires historical status words and checks these fault status words to see if any unresolved fault states exist. If any unresolved fault states are found, the controller determines that there is a potential risk in the combining circuit or power supply, thereby preventing the combining circuit or power supply from starting up to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0018] In one embodiment, the combining circuit further includes a body diode, the input of which is electrically connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the output of which is electrically connected to the drain of the MOSFET.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a method for detecting a combining circuit. The protection circuit includes a combining circuit and a combining detection circuit. The combining circuit includes a MOSFET, and the combining detection circuit includes a controller. The method is executed by the controller and includes: inputting a first control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET; receiving a first voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET; detecting whether the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range; and determining that the MOSFET is in at least one of a short circuit or an open circuit if the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within the set threshold range.

[0020] In one embodiment, the method further includes: inputting a second control voltage to the gate of a MOSFET when the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range; receiving a second voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET; detecting whether the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range; and determining that the MOSFET is in a normal state when the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range.

[0021] Thirdly, this application provides a protection circuit, including: a combining circuit and a combining detection circuit. The combining circuit includes a MOSFET, the source of which is electrically connected to a power conversion circuit, and the drain of which is connected in parallel with other protection circuits. The combining detection circuit includes a controller, an operational amplifier, and a subtractor. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the gate of the MOSFET. The positive input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the drain of the MOSFET, the negative input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the output terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the controller.

[0022] In one embodiment, the combining circuit further includes a body diode, the input of which is electrically connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the output of which is electrically connected to the drain of the MOSFET.

[0023] In one implementation, the voltage difference between the voltage input to the positive input terminal and the voltage input to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is within a set threshold range.

[0024] Thirdly, this application provides a power supply comprising: at least one power conversion circuit for converting received direct current or alternating current into direct current; and at least one protection circuit as described in the embodiments of the first aspect or the embodiments of the third aspect, respectively electrically connected to the at least one power conversion circuit for outputting the direct current output by the power conversion circuit.

[0025] Fourthly, this application provides a power supply system, characterized in that it includes: at least one electrical device; and multiple power supplies as described in the embodiments of the first aspect, wherein the multiple power supplies are connected in parallel to the at least one electrical device for providing power to the at least one electrical device. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art are briefly introduced below.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in related technologies;

[0028] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the protection circuit provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3(a) is one of the schematic diagrams of the ORing detection circuit provided in the embodiment of this application detecting whether there is a fault when the ORing circuit is working;

[0031] Figure 3(b) is a second schematic diagram of the ORing detection circuit provided in the embodiment of this application for detecting whether there is a fault when the ORing circuit is working;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating whether a fault exists when the ORing detection circuit provided in this embodiment detects that the ORing circuit is not working.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a detection method for an Oring circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In this article, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The symbol " / " in this article indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship; for example, A / B means A or B.

[0037] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first response message" and "second response message," etc., are used to distinguish different response messages, not to describe a specific order of response messages.

[0038] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, multiple elements means two or more elements, etc.

[0040] Next, the technical solution provided in this application will be introduced.

[0041] Generally, such as Figure 1 As shown, this circuit is a multi-PSU parallel power supply scheme used in high-power communication systems. Its core component is a reverse current protection circuit composed of an ORing controller and a MOSFET (Q3). This protection circuit ensures that when multiple power modules work together, current is only allowed to flow from the PSU with the highest voltage to the load, while isolating the reverse current of other PSUs. Each PSU is connected in parallel to the bus (VCC) through its own ORing circuit (including Q3 and the controller).

[0042] Each ORing controller independently monitors the output voltage and bus voltage of its respective PSU. When the voltage of PSU1 is at its highest, its built-in ORing controller outputs a high-level signal (BGATE1), turning on MOSFET Q3-1 and allowing current to flow from PSU1 to VCC. For other PSUs (such as PSU2 and PSU3), their ORing controllers output low-level signals (BGATE2 and BGATE3 are low) when they detect that their output voltage is lower than the bus voltage, causing MOSFETs Q3-2 and Q3-3 to turn off, thus blocking potential reverse current. If the main PSU1 experiences a voltage drop (such as a sudden increase in load), its ORing controller can detect the decrease in bus voltage in time and gradually turn off MOSFET Q3-1. In this case, the PSU2 or PSU3 with the higher voltage will be selected as the new main power supply, and the corresponding MOSFET will be turned on, thus achieving seamless power switching.

[0043] When a MOSFET in an ORing circuit fails with an open circuit, the large voltage drop across the MOSFET's body diode means that if the PSU continues to operate under normal load, it will experience heat dissipation exceeding 10W. This can easily lead to carbonization of the printed circuit board (PCB) and even cause serious accidents such as fires. If a MOSFET in an ORing circuit fails with a short circuit, its fault isolation function will fail. In this case, if the circuit is reconnected, a large current will flow back from the bus to the PSU, potentially causing a drop in the system bus voltage or even a system power outage.

[0044] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a protection circuit that can be installed in a power supply to prevent reverse current sinking when the power supply is connected in parallel with other power supplies. The ORing detection circuit in the protection circuit can input a control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET, and then quickly determine whether there are open-circuit, short-circuit, or other faults in the ORing circuit by detecting whether the voltage drop across the MOSFET after the applied control voltage is within a set threshold range. Through this detection method, the protection circuit can promptly control the main circuit it is part of to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout due to the MOSFET being open-circuited or current backflow caused by the MOSFET being short-circuited.

[0045] During the testing process, the ORing detection circuit can provide different control voltages to the MOSFET twice consecutively. Only after both test results are verified to be correct will the ORing detection circuit control the power conversion circuit to stop operating. This operation avoids the influence of factors such as power consumption or voltage fluctuations in the circuit on the test results, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0046] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2(a), the power supply system 20 may include multiple power supplies 200, namely power supply 200-1, ..., power supply 200-N. N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0047] The power supply system 20 can be used for systems requiring large amounts of electrical energy, such as high-power communication systems, data centers, energy storage systems, and high-performance computing systems. The power supply system 20 typically consists of power-consuming devices such as data communication equipment, optical equipment, computing equipment, and wireless equipment. These devices can be powered by multiple power supplies 200 connected in parallel. Alternatively, a single device can be powered by one power supply 200, multiple power supplies 200 can be connected in parallel, or a single power supply 200 can be shared with other devices.

[0048] Power supply 200 can refer to a device that can output stable DC power that meets the set power requirements, such as a PSU, linear power supply, or switching power supply. Power supply 200 typically contains a power conversion circuit 210. The power conversion circuit 210 may include one or more of an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter.

[0049] In one embodiment, if the power conversion circuit 210 includes an AC / DC converter, the power conversion circuit 210 can convert external AC power into DC power of a set power through the AC / DC converter and output it.

[0050] In another embodiment, if the power conversion circuit 210 includes a DC / DC converter, the power conversion circuit 210 can convert external DC power into DC power of a set power through the DC / DC converter and output it.

[0051] In another embodiment, if the power conversion circuit 210 includes an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter, the power conversion circuit 210 can convert external alternating current into direct current of a set power through the AC / DC converter, and then the DC / DC converter can regulate the DC current of the set power and output it.

[0052] The power supply 200 may also include a protection circuit 220. The power conversion circuit 210 and the protection circuit 220 in the power supply 200 may be integrated into a single chip or into separate chips.

[0053] The protection circuit 220 may include an ORing circuit 221 and an ORing detection circuit 222. The ORing circuit 221 can be located between the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 210 and the output terminal of the power supply 200. Utilizing its unidirectional flow function, the ORing circuit 221 allows DC current to flow from the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 210 to the output terminal of the power supply 200, preventing DC current from flowing from the output terminal of the power supply 200 back to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 210, thereby avoiding current backflow and preventing damage to other components inside the power supply 200.

[0054] ORing detection circuit 222 is connected to power conversion circuit 210 and ORing circuit 221 respectively. ORing detection circuit 222 can be electrically connected to the gate of MOSFET in ORing circuit 221 to apply control voltage. ORing detection circuit 222 can be electrically connected to the source and drain of MOSFET in ORing circuit 221 to collect voltage drop of MOSFET.

[0055] According to preset control logic, the ORing detection circuit 222 first applies a control voltage (hereinafter referred to as the "first control voltage") to the gate of the MOSFET to turn it on, thereby ensuring that the ORing circuit 221 can start and operate normally. At this time, the ORing detection circuit 222 can collect the voltage drop of the MOSFET (hereinafter referred to as the "first voltage drop"), and then determine whether the voltage difference between the first voltage drop and the first control voltage is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the first voltage drop and the first control voltage is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET is abnormal. An abnormal state can be understood as the MOSFET being in a short circuit, open circuit, or other possible abnormal normal operating state. At this time, the ORing detection circuit 222 can issue an alarm message and start the corresponding fault handling program to avoid excessive load on the body diode, which could lead to device burnout, fire, or other serious accidents.

[0056] If the voltage difference between the first voltage drop and the first control voltage is within a set threshold range, it indicates that the MOSFET may be in a normal state. Then, according to the preset control logic, the ORing detection circuit 222 applies a control voltage different from the first control voltage (hereinafter referred to as the "second control voltage") to the gate of the MOSFET, which not only turns on the MOSFET, but also changes the voltage drop of the MOSFET.

[0057] The ORing detection circuit 222 acquires the voltage drop of the MOSFET at the current moment (hereinafter referred to as the "second voltage drop"), and then determines whether the voltage difference between the second voltage drop and the second control voltage is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop and the second control voltage is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the MOSFET is currently in an abnormal state. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop and the second control voltage is within the set threshold range, it indicates that the MOSFET is currently in a normal state. By outputting the control voltage twice, the accuracy of the detection result by the ORing detection circuit 222 is ensured.

[0058] In this embodiment, the first control voltage is generally the drive voltage of the MOSFET, so the ORing detection circuit 222 can continuously output the first control voltage to ensure that the ORing circuit 221 can start and operate normally. The second control voltage can be a test voltage greater than the first control voltage. When the ORing circuit 221 is working normally, the ORing detection circuit 222 can periodically output the second control voltage to detect the state of the MOSFET at different points in time, thereby timely detecting and avoiding possible faults in the circuit during operation.

[0059] For example, Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the protection circuit provided in the embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2(b), the ORing circuit 221 in the protection circuit 220 includes a MOSFET 2211 and a body diode 2212. The MOSFET 2211 includes a source 1, a drain 2, and a gate 3. The body diode 2212 includes an input terminal 4 and an output terminal 5. The MOSFET 2211 and the body diode 2212 are connected in parallel, and the source 1 and the input terminal 4 are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 210, while the drain 2 and the output terminal 5 are both electrically connected to the output terminal of the power supply 200.

[0060] When the ORing circuit 221 starts working, it can provide a driving voltage to the gate 3 of the MOSFET 2211, making the MOSFET 2211 turn on, thereby realizing the conduction between the power conversion circuit 210 and the output terminal of the power supply 200. At this time, the voltage drop Vd between the source 1 and drain 2 of the MOSFET 2211.

[0061] When the ORing circuit 221 is not working, there is no driving voltage on the gate 3 of the MOSFET 2211, which makes the MOSFET 2211 in the off state. At this time, there is still a voltage drop Vd between the source 1 and drain 2 of the MOSFET 2211.

[0062] The ORing detection circuit 222 in the protection circuit 220 includes a controller 2221, an operational amplifier 2222, and a subtractor 2223. The controller 2221 includes a connection port that can be connected to the power conversion circuit 210. When the ORing circuit 221 is detected to be in an abnormal state, the controller can send a control command to the power conversion circuit 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, thereby preventing serious accidents such as burnt-out components and fires.

[0063] The controller 2221 may also include an output terminal and an input terminal. The operational amplifier 2222 includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The subtractor 2223 includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The circuit connection relationship between the controller 2221, the operational amplifier 2222, and the subtractor 2223 is as follows:

[0064] The output of controller 2221 is electrically connected to the positive input of operational amplifier 2222, and the input of controller 2221 is electrically connected to the output of subtractor 2223. The negative input of operational amplifier 2222 is electrically connected to the output of subtractor 2223, and the output of operational amplifier 2222 is electrically connected to the gate 3 of MOSFET 2211. The positive input of subtractor 2223 is electrically connected to the source 1 of MOSFET 2211 and the input 4 of body diode 2212, respectively, and the negative input of subtractor 2223 is electrically connected to the drain 2 of MOSFET 2211 and the output 5 of body diode 2212, respectively.

[0065] In this embodiment, the controller 2221 is used to execute preset control logic, that is, to sequentially input a first control voltage and a second control voltage to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 2222 through the output terminal, and to receive the input voltage of the output terminal of the subtractor 2223 through the input terminal. Then, based on the comparison between the two control voltages and the input voltage, it is determined whether the state of the ORing circuit 221 is normal.

[0066] The first control voltage Vref1 output by controller 2221 is generally the drive voltage of the gate of the MOSFET, and its voltage value is generally equal to the rated gate voltage of the MOSFET. The second control voltage Vref2 is generally a test voltage, and its voltage value is different from that of the first control voltage Vref1. Preferably, the voltage value of the second control voltage Vref2 is greater than that of the first control voltage Vref1.

[0067] The controller 2221 first controls its output terminal to output a first control voltage Vref1, and after a preset time, it then controls its output terminal to output a second control voltage Vref2. The preset time is generally greater than or equal to the stabilization time, which is the time it takes for the voltage drop between the source 1 and drain 2 of the MOSFET to stabilize after a change in the voltage of the gate 3. This time is generally several hundred milliseconds or longer. By setting it this way, the voltage drop change caused by the first control voltage applied to the MOSFET can be prevented from affecting the effect of the second control voltage on the MOSFET, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0068] Operational amplifier 2222 amplifies the control voltage input to its positive input terminal proportionally to obtain the output voltage Vadd. When the negative input terminal of operational amplifier 2222 receives the control voltage, this voltage is connected to the output terminal through its internal feedback resistor to stabilize the output voltage. In this embodiment, operational amplifier 2222 uses the voltage at its negative input terminal to adjust the control voltage at its positive input terminal, thereby providing a stable drive voltage for the gate of MOSFET 2211.

[0069] Generally, the voltages at the positive and negative input terminals of operational amplifier 2222 are the same. This is because operational amplifiers have extremely high open-loop gain; even a very small voltage difference at the input terminals will cause the output voltage to reach the limit of the power supply voltage. If the voltages at the positive and negative input terminals of operational amplifier 2222 become inconsistent, operational amplifier 2222 will continuously adjust the voltage at the negative input terminal by adjusting the voltage at the output terminal until the voltages at the positive and negative input terminals are equal.

[0070] Subtractor 2223 subtracts the voltage input to its positive input terminal from the voltage input to its negative input terminal to obtain the subtracted voltage, which is the voltage drop Vd of the MOSFET. Subtractor 2223 can input the voltage drop Vd to the negative input terminal of operational amplifier 2222 and the input terminal of controller 2221 through its output terminal, so that the negative input terminal of operational amplifier 2222 receives the voltage drop Vd, and the controller 2221 receives the voltage drop Vd. In this embodiment, subtractor 2223 collects the voltage drop of the MOSFET by subtracting the voltage input to its negative input terminal.

[0071] Figures 3(a)-(b) are schematic diagrams of the ORing detection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application for detecting whether there is a fault when the ORing circuit is working.

[0072] The controller 2221 records historically detected fault states and stores them as status words. Before outputting a control voltage, the controller 2221 retrieves the historical status words and checks them for any unresolved fault states. If an unresolved fault state exists, the controller 2221 determines that the ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 poses a potential risk and prevents the ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 from starting to ensure safe operation of the equipment. If no unresolved fault states exist, the controller 2221 outputs the first control voltage Vref1.

[0073] As shown in Figure 3(a), after receiving the first control voltage Vref1 at the positive input terminal of operational amplifier 2222, it amplifies the first control voltage Vref1 to obtain the output voltage Vadd1, and inputs the output voltage Vadd1 to the gate 3 of MOSFET 2211 through its output terminal. The voltage value of Vadd1 is the rated voltage value of MOSFET 2211.

[0074] When the gate 3 of MOSFET 2211 receives the input voltage Vadd1, MOSFET 2211 is turned on, thereby enabling the ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 to start working. At this time, the positive input terminal of subtractor 2223 can collect the voltage of the drain 2 of MOSFET 2211, and the negative input terminal can receive the voltage of the source 1 of MOSFET 2211.

[0075] Subtractor 2223 can detect the first voltage drop Vd1 between the source 1 and drain 2 of MOSFET 2211 by subtracting the voltage at its positive input terminal from the voltage at its negative input terminal. After calculating the first voltage drop Vd1, subtractor 2223 can input the first voltage drop Vd1 to the input terminal of controller 2221 through its output terminal, and input the first voltage drop Vd1 to the input terminal of controller 2221.

[0076] When the operational amplifier 2222 receives a first voltage drop Vd1 at its negative input terminal that is not the same as the first control voltage Vref1 at its positive input terminal, the operational amplifier 2222 will continuously adjust the voltage Vd1 at its negative input terminal by adjusting the voltage Vadd1 at its output terminal until the voltages at the positive and negative input terminals are consistent. Optionally, after considering factors such as power consumption and voltage fluctuations, as long as the voltage difference between the positive and negative input terminals of the operational amplifier 2222 is within a set threshold range, it can be considered that the voltages at its positive and negative input terminals are the same.

[0077] After receiving the final first voltage drop Vd1, the controller 2221 can detect whether the voltage difference between the first voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET is abnormal. This is because the MOSFET is in an abnormal condition such as open circuit or short circuit, and the operational amplifier 2222 cannot adjust the voltage at the positive and negative input terminals to be consistent. At this time, the controller 2221 can send a control command to the power conversion module 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout or fire. At the same time, the controller 2221 can send an alarm command to the alarm system to instruct the alarm system to issue an alarm message to the user. If the voltage difference between the first voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET may be normal. The controller 2221 can control its output terminal to output the second control voltage Vref2 again after a preset time after outputting the first control voltage Vref1.

[0078] As shown in Figure 3(b), after receiving the second control voltage Vref2 at the positive input terminal of operational amplifier 2222, it amplifies the second control voltage Vref2 to obtain the output voltage Vadd2, and inputs the output voltage Vadd2 to the gate 3 of MOSFET 2211 through its output terminal. After receiving the input voltage Vadd2, MOSFET 2211 is turned on, thereby enabling ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 to start working. At this time, the positive input terminal of subtractor 2223 can collect the voltage of drain 2 of MOSFET 2211, and the negative input terminal can receive the voltage of source 1 of MOSFET 2211.

[0079] Subtractor 2223 can detect the second voltage drop Vd2 between the source 1 and drain 2 of MOSFET 2211 by subtracting the voltage at its positive input terminal from the voltage at its negative input terminal. After calculating the second voltage drop Vd2, subtractor 2223 can input the second voltage drop Vd2 to the input terminal of controller 2221 through its output terminal, and input the second voltage drop Vd2 to the input terminal of controller 2221.

[0080] When the operational amplifier 2222 receives a voltage difference between its negative input terminal's second voltage drop Vd2 and its positive input terminal's second control voltage Vref2 that is not within a set threshold range, the operational amplifier 2222 will continuously adjust the negative input terminal's voltage Vd2 by adjusting the output terminal's voltage Vadd2 until the voltages at the positive and negative input terminals reach the same level.

[0081] After receiving the final second voltage drop Vd2, the controller 2221 can detect whether the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET is abnormal. At this time, the controller 2221 can send a control command to the power conversion module 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout or fire. Simultaneously, the controller 2221 can send an alarm command to the alarm system to instruct the alarm system to issue an alarm message to the user. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is within the set threshold range, it indicates that the ORing circuit 221 is in a normal state.

[0082] In this embodiment, the ORing detection circuit 222 can output a control voltage to the operational amplifier 2222, which then applies a drive voltage to the gate of the MOSFET in the ORing circuit 221. The ORing detection circuit 222 can quickly determine whether the ORing circuit 221 has open circuit, short circuit, or other faults by detecting whether the voltage difference between the voltage drop of the MOSFET after the applied control voltage and the control voltage is within a set threshold range. Through this detection method, the ORing detection circuit 222 can promptly control the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout when the MOSFET is open-circuited or current backflow caused when the MOSFET is short-circuited.

[0083] Furthermore, during the detection process, the ORing detection circuit 222 can provide different control voltages to the operational amplifier twice consecutively. Only after both detection results are verified to be correct will the ORing detection circuit 222 control the power conversion circuit 210 to stop operating. This operation can avoid the influence of factors such as power consumption or voltage fluctuations in the circuit on the detection results, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the detection.

[0084] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the ORing detection circuit provided in this embodiment of the application for detecting whether a fault exists when the ORing circuit is not working.

[0085] When the ORing circuit 221 is not working, there is no driving voltage on the gate 3 of the MOSFET 2211, causing the source 1 and drain 2 of the MOSFET 2211 to be in an open state. At this time, since the power supply system 20 generally uses multiple power supplies 200 connected in parallel, when the source 1 and drain 2 of the MOSFET 2211 are in an open state, the voltage at the source 1 of the MOSFET 2211 is the output voltage V0 of the power conversion circuit 210, and the voltage at the drain 2 of the MOSFET 2211 is generally the sum of the voltages output by the other power supplies 200.

[0086] like Figure 4 As shown, the positive input of subtractor 2223 can acquire the sum of the voltages output by other power supplies 200, and the negative input can acquire the voltage V0 at the source 1 of MOSFET 2211. Subtractor 2223 can detect the voltage drop Vd3 between the source 1 and drain 2 of MOSFET 2211 by subtracting the voltage at its negative input. After calculating the voltage drop Vd3, subtractor 2223 can input the voltage drop Vd3 to the input of controller 2221 through its output.

[0087] Upon receiving the voltage drop Vd3, controller 2221 can detect whether Vd3 is a positive value greater than 0. If Vd3 is equal to 0 or a negative value less than 0, it indicates that MOSFET 2211 is currently in a short-circuit state. At this time, controller 2221 can send a control command to power conversion module 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, preventing serious accidents such as device burnout or fire. Simultaneously, controller 2221 can send an alarm command to the alarm system to instruct the alarm system to issue an alarm message to the user. If the voltage drop Vd3 is a positive value greater than 0, it indicates that MOSFET 2211 is currently in an open state.

[0088] In this embodiment, when the ORing circuit 221 is not working, the ORing detection circuit 222 can quickly determine whether the ORing circuit 221 is faulty by detecting whether the voltage drop of the MOSFET is greater than a positive value of 0. Through this detection method, the ORing detection circuit 222 can control the power conversion circuit 210 to not be turned on, avoiding serious accidents such as burnt-out components and fires.

[0089] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the controller 500 includes an input / output interface 510, a memory 520, a processor 530, and a bus 540. The input / output interface 510, the memory 520, and the processor 530 can establish a communication connection through the bus 540.

[0090] The input / output interface 510 is used to establish a communication connection with the power conversion circuit 210, enabling data transmission between the controller 500 and the power conversion circuit 210, as well as the transmission of control commands. The input / output interface 510 is also used to establish electrical connections with the operational amplifier 2222 and the subtractor 2223, enabling voltage output and input. The input / output interface 510 can be a network cable, ribbon cable, twisted wire, pin, printed circuit board (PCB), or other types of interface.

[0091] The memory 520 may include volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM). The memory 520 may also include non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), etc. The memory 520 may be a combination of the various types of memory described above. In this embodiment, the memory 520 may serve as a cache for storing the voltage V0, control voltage Vref, and voltage drop Vd output by the power conversion circuit 210. The memory 520 is used to store the application program running on the processor 530, allowing the processor 530 to execute the setting logic, thereby implementing the detection method of the Oring circuit. The memory 520 may also have other functions, which are not limited herein.

[0092] Processor 530 refers to the aforementioned controller 2221, which can be a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller unit (MCU), digital signal processing (DSP), etc. Processor 530 receives data from input / output interface 510 and executes the detection method of the Oring circuit.

[0093] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a detection method for an Oring circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, this method is executed by processor 530, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0094] Step S601: Input a first control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET.

[0095] The processor 530 records historically detected fault states and stores them as status words. Before controlling its output voltage, the processor 530 retrieves the historical status words and checks them for any unresolved fault states. If an unresolved fault state exists, the processor 530 determines that the ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 poses a potential risk and prevents the ORing circuit 221 or power supply 200 from starting to ensure safe operation of the device. If no unresolved fault states exist, the processor 530 controls its output to output the first control voltage Vref1.

[0096] Step S602: Receive the first voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor.

[0097] Step S603: Detect whether the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within the set threshold range, proceed to step S604. If the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within the set threshold range, proceed to step S607.

[0098] After receiving the final first voltage drop Vd1, the processor 530 can detect whether the voltage difference between the first voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET is abnormal. This is because the MOSFET is in an abnormal state such as open circuit or short circuit, and the operational amplifier 2222 cannot adjust the voltage at the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal to be consistent. At this time, the processor 530 can send a control command to the power conversion module 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, so as to avoid serious accidents such as burnt-out devices and fires. At the same time, the processor 530 can send an alarm command to the alarm system to instruct the alarm system to issue an alarm message to the user.

[0099] If the voltage difference between the first voltage drop Vd1 and the first control voltage Vref1 is within a set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET may be normal. The processor 530 can control its output terminal to output the second control voltage Vref2 again after a preset time following the output of the first control voltage Vref1.

[0100] Step S604: Input a second control voltage to the gate of the MOSFET.

[0101] Step S605: Receive the second voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOSFET.

[0102] Step S606: Detect whether the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is not within the set threshold range, proceed to step S607. If the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within the set threshold range, proceed to step S608.

[0103] Step S607: Determine that the MOSFET is in an abnormal state.

[0104] Step S608: Determine that the MOSFET is in normal condition.

[0105] After receiving the final second voltage drop Vd2, the processor 530 can detect whether the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is within a set threshold range. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is not within the set threshold range, it indicates that the current state of the MOSFET is abnormal. At this time, the processor 530 can send a control command to the power conversion module 210 to instruct the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout or fire. At the same time, the processor 530 can send an alarm command to the alarm system to instruct the alarm system to issue an alarm message to the user. If the voltage difference between the second voltage drop Vd2 and the second control voltage Vref2 is within the set threshold range, it indicates that the ORing circuit 221 is in a normal state.

[0106] In this embodiment, the processor 530 can quickly determine whether the ORing circuit 221 has open circuit, short circuit, or other faults by detecting whether the voltage difference between the voltage drop of the MOSFET after the applied control voltage and the control voltage is within a set threshold range. Through this detection method, the processor 530 can promptly control the power conversion circuit 210 to stop working, avoiding serious accidents such as device burnout when the MOSFET is open-circuited or current backflow caused when the MOSFET is short-circuited.

[0107] Furthermore, during the testing process, the processor 530 can provide different control voltages to the operational amplifier twice consecutively. Only after both test results are verified to be correct will the processor 530 control the power conversion circuit 210 to stop operating. This operation can avoid the influence of factors such as power consumption or voltage fluctuations in the circuit on the test results, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0108] This application embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the above-described actions. Figure 6 And any of the methods described in the corresponding description.

[0109] This application also provides a computer program product, which stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described actions. Figure 6 And any of the methods described in the corresponding description.

[0110] The number of devices, types of devices, and electrical connection methods of each device in the protection circuit 220 provided in this application are not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions implemented under the principles of this application are within the protection scope of this solution. Any one or more embodiments or figures in the specification, combined in a suitable manner, are within the protection scope of this solution.

[0111] The number, type, and electrical connection method of the various circuits in the power supply 200 provided in this application are not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions implemented under the principles of this application are within the protection scope of this solution. Any one or more embodiments or figures in the specification, combined in a suitable manner, are within the protection scope of this solution.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A protection circuit, characterized in that, include: Combining circuit and combining detection circuit The combining circuit includes a MOSFET. The circuit combining detection circuit includes a controller, which is used to input a first control voltage to the gate of the MOS transistor and to receive a first voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor. as well as When the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within a set threshold range, it is used to determine that the MOS transistor is in at least one of the following states: short circuit or open circuit.

2. The protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is further configured to input a second control voltage to the gate of the MOS transistor when the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range, and to receive a second voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor. as well as If the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range, the MOS transistor is determined to be in a normal state.

3. The protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The combining detection circuit also includes an operational amplifier and a subtractor. The operational amplifier includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the gate of the MOS transistor. The subtractor includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and an output terminal. The positive input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the drain of the MOS transistor, the negative input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the output terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the controller.

4. The protection circuit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The second control voltage is greater than the first control voltage.

5. The protection circuit according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The time interval between the first control voltage and the second control voltage output by the controller is a preset time, which is greater than or equal to the stabilization time. The stabilization time is the time it takes for the voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor to stabilize after the gate voltage changes.

6. The protection circuit according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The controller is further configured to receive the third voltage drop input to the subtractor when the MOSFET is in the off state, and determine that the MOSFET is in a normal state if the third voltage drop is a positive value greater than 0.

7. The protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The controller, before outputting the first control voltage, is also used for Obtain historical status words, which are used to indicate previously detected fault states; Check if there are any unresolved fault states in the historical status word, and if there are no unresolved fault states in the historical status word, determine that the MOS transistor is in at least one of the following states: short circuit or open circuit.

8. The protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The combining circuit also includes: The body diode has its input terminal electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor and its output terminal electrically connected to the drain of the MOS transistor.

9. A method for detecting a combined circuit, characterized in that, The protection circuit includes the combining circuit and the combining detection circuit. The combining circuit includes a MOSFET, and the combining detection circuit includes a controller. The method is executed by the controller and includes: A first control voltage is input to the gate of the MOS transistor; Receive the first voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor; Detect whether the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range; If the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is not within the set threshold range, the MOS transistor is determined to be in at least one of the following states: short circuit or open circuit.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the voltage difference between the first control voltage and the first voltage drop is within a set threshold range, a second control voltage is input to the gate of the MOS transistor; Receive the second voltage drop between the source and drain of the MOS transistor; Detect whether the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range; If the voltage difference between the second control voltage and the second voltage drop is within a set threshold range, the MOS transistor is determined to be in a normal state.

11. A protection circuit, characterized in that, include: Combining circuit and combining detection circuit The combining circuit includes a MOS transistor, the source of which is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit, and the drain of which is electrically connected in parallel with other protection circuits. The combining detection circuit includes a controller, an operational amplifier, and a subtractor, wherein... The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to the gate of the MOS transistor. The positive input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the drain of the MOS transistor, the negative input terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor, and the output terminal of the subtractor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the input terminal of the controller.

12. The protection circuit according to claim 11, characterized in that, The combining circuit also includes: The body diode has its input terminal electrically connected to the source of the MOS transistor and its output terminal electrically connected to the drain of the MOS transistor.

13. The protection circuit according to claim 11, characterized in that, The voltage difference between the voltage input to the positive input terminal and the voltage input to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is within a set threshold range.

14. A power supply, characterized in that, include: At least one power conversion circuit for converting received direct current or alternating current into direct current; At least one protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-8, or the protection circuit as described in any one of claims 11-13, is electrically connected to the at least one power conversion circuit, and is used to output the unidirectional output of the power conversion circuit.

15. The power supply according to claim 11, characterized in that, The at least one power conversion circuit and the at least one protection circuit are integrated into one chip, or the at least one power conversion circuit and the at least one protection circuit are integrated into different chips.

16. A power supply system, characterized in that, include: At least one electrical appliance; A plurality of power sources as described in any one of claims 14-15, wherein the plurality of power sources are electrically connected to the at least one electrical device in parallel, for providing electrical energy to the at least one electrical device.

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