Power regulation method, device, equipment and medium for electrically heated solid energy storage unit

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of automatic power generation control of power systems, and discloses a power regulation method, device, equipment and medium for an electric heating solid energy storage unit. The power regulation method for the electric heating solid energy storage unit comprises a coarse-fine composite power regulation mechanism of a target frequency modulation reference load power and a thyristor target regulation power, and dynamically selects an optimal switching combination based on a comprehensive evaluation model, can effectively distinguish frequency modulation and peak regulation load, provides a bidirectional regulation margin, reduces power step phenomena and equipment wear, optimizes a thyristor working point, and improves automatic power generation control tracking precision and system stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automatic power generation control technology for power systems, specifically to power regulation methods, devices, equipment, and media for electrically heated solid energy storage units. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, in the technical solution of using electrically heated solid-state energy storage for frequency regulation in automatic generation control of thermal power units, the electrically heated solid-state energy storage is usually controlled as an overall heating load. This results in the peak-shaving load used for planned heat storage occupying the power space of the frequency regulation reference load, making the electrically heated solid-state energy storage lack bidirectional adjustment margin when the automatic generation control command is adjusted upwards or downwards, and unable to fully respond to the needs of grid frequency fluctuations. When relying solely on the large-group switching method for power regulation, the excessively large adjustment step size is prone to power step phenomenon, causing an increase in the tracking error of automatic generation control. When there are small fluctuations in the automatic generation control command, the frequent switching of large groups will significantly increase the number of switching equipment operations, accelerate equipment aging, and shorten service life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a power regulation method, device, equipment, and medium for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, which can effectively distinguish between frequency regulation loads and peak regulation loads, provide bidirectional regulation margin, reduce power step phenomenon and equipment wear, and optimize the operating point of the thyristor to improve the tracking accuracy of automatic power generation control and system stability.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, applied to a power plant energy system. The method includes: collecting operating data of the power plant energy system; obtaining a target frequency regulation reference load power for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the operating data, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used for coarse adjustment power in response to automatic generation control commands; determining candidate switching load combinations of heating groups in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, and determining a thyristor target regulation power for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations, wherein the candidate switching load combinations include multiple combinations, the thyristor target regulation power is used for supplementary regulation power in response to automatic generation control commands, and the heating groups represent combinations of electrically heated units that can be independently switched and provide coarse adjustment power; establishing constraints on the candidate switching load combinations, and determining a target switching load combination from the multiple candidate switching load combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model; generating a regulation command based on the target switching load combination, and regulating the power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the regulation command.

[0005] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, by combining coarse adjustment of heating groups with fine adjustment of thyristors, the low adjustment accuracy and equipment lifespan loss of simple group switching are avoided, as well as the high cost and heat dissipation pressure of simple thyristor power regulation. Thus, the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit achieves precise response to automatic power generation control commands, improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational economy of the power plant's energy system.

[0006] In one optional implementation, the operating data includes the power generation of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The step of obtaining the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the operating data includes: calculating the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system based on the power generation of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit; and calculating the difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the equivalent grid-connected power, and then calculating the difference with the frequency regulation reference load power to obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power.

[0007] Based on the above technical means, by accurately calculating the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system, dynamically determining the target frequency regulation reference load power, and real-time correcting its allowable range, a more intelligent, precise, and safe power regulation strategy is provided for the electric heating solid energy storage unit to participate in grid frequency regulation, which significantly improves the frequency regulation performance and operational reliability of the power plant energy system.

[0008] In one optional implementation, determining candidate switching load combinations for heating groups in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, and determining the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations, includes: generating candidate switching load combinations that satisfy the target frequency regulation reference load power; calculating the power value of the candidate switching load combinations; and calculating the thyristor target regulation power based on the target frequency regulation reference load power and the power value of the candidate switching load combinations.

[0009] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, the target regulation power of the thyristor is determined by calculating the difference between the target frequency modulation reference load power and the candidate combination power value, thus achieving effective complementarity between coarse and fine adjustment. This calculation logic ensures that regardless of how the heating groups are switched, the thyristor can dynamically adjust its own output to compensate for the power gap caused by group switching, thereby achieving accurate tracking of the target frequency modulation reference load power. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient regulation accuracy caused by relying solely on group switching and the equipment cost and heat dissipation pressure caused by relying solely on the thyristor.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the constraints of the candidate load switching combinations include: the thyristor adjustment range constraint of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, the thermal storage state constraint of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, the power plant's auxiliary power safety constraint, and the switching anti-jitter constraint. The preset comprehensive evaluation model includes: ,in, The output of the preset comprehensive evaluation model is... For frequency modulation reference tracking error, , The target frequency regulation reference load power, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The power values ​​for candidate load switching combinations; The weighting coefficients for the frequency modulation reference tracking error. The cost of heating and grouping is used to characterize the number of cuts, the number of cuts, the action interval, and the lifespan loss in this operation. Weighting coefficients for the cost of grouping and switching during heating; The cost of the thyristor deviating from the middle operating region; ,in, This is the lower boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. This represents the upper boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. Adjust the power for the thyristor target. This is a weighting coefficient representing the cost of the thyristor deviating from the intermediate operating region. This is a penalty term for the state of the thermal storage body in an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This represents the weighting coefficient for the thermal storage state penalty term; This is a penalty item for electrical safety. This represents the weighting coefficient for electrical safety penalties.

[0011] Based on the above technical means, the optimal solution with the best overall performance can be selected from multiple candidate combinations. This not only solves the problem of blindness caused by simply relying on empirical rules for adjustment, but also achieves global optimization of the power regulation process of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit through refined cost evaluation, which significantly improves the system's regulation capability and operational stability under complex operating conditions.

[0012] In one optional implementation, determining the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model includes: evaluating each candidate load switching combination based on the preset comprehensive evaluation model to obtain an evaluation value; and selecting the candidate load switching combination corresponding to the minimum value among the evaluation values ​​as the target load switching combination.

[0013] Based on the above technical means, the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can ensure the accuracy of power regulation while taking into account the economy and safety of equipment operation when responding to automatic power generation control commands. This ensures the accuracy of power regulation and maximizes the efficiency and reliability of equipment operation, avoiding potential problems caused by optimizing a single indicator, such as equipment wear and tear caused by frequent switching, or reduced regulation capability caused by the thyristor operating in a non-optimal range.

[0014] In one optional implementation, the adjustment command includes a heating group switching command and a thyristor fine-tuning command. The power adjustment of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the adjustment command includes: adjusting the thyristor, and / or switching the heating groups of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit while simultaneously adjusting the thyristor to adjust the power deviation; wherein the power deviation is used to characterize the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command.

[0015] Based on the above technical means, it not only overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient precision in simple group switching regulation, but also avoids the problems of high cost and high heat dissipation pressure of simple full-capacity thyristor power regulation, providing an efficient, economical and reliable power regulation means for electrically heated solid energy storage units in grid frequency regulation applications.

[0016] In one optional implementation, the thyristor adjustment range constraint includes: ,in, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The lower limit power adjustable by the thyristor. The upper limit power is adjustable by the thyristor; the state constraints of the thermal storage body include: ,in, The highest temperature of the thermal storage zone for the candidate load switching combination. This is the upper limit temperature of the thermal storage zone; , For temperature gradient, This represents the upper limit of the temperature gradient. , The remaining absorbable heat, The heat absorption requirements corresponding to this candidate combination; the electrical safety constraints include: , , ,in, The bus loads corresponding to the candidate load switching combinations. The upper limit of the bus load corresponding to the candidate load switching combination. For transformer load rate, This is the upper limit of the transformer load rate. For branch current, The upper limit of branch current; switching anti-jitter constraints include: , , , in, For the first The time each group maintains its current state For the first The lower bound of the time each group maintains its current state This is the interval since the last action. This is the lower limit of the interval between actions. To set the number of switching operations within a time window, Set the maximum number of throws / cuts within the time window.

[0017] Based on the above-mentioned technical means, the electrically heated solid energy storage unit can not only accurately respond to the grid frequency regulation demand when performing power regulation, but also strictly follow the physical and electrical boundaries of equipment operation under complex and ever-changing operating conditions, achieving a deep balance between frequency regulation performance and safe operation of the equipment, thereby improving the overall reliability and economy of the power plant's energy system participating in grid frequency regulation.

[0018] Secondly, this application provides a power regulation device for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, applied in a power plant energy system. The device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring operating data of the power plant energy system; an acquisition module for acquiring, based on the operating data, a target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used for coarse adjustment in response to automatic generation control commands; and a determination module for determining, based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, candidate switching load combinations for heating groups in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, and determining the power regulation of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. The energy storage unit has a thyristor target adjustable power, wherein the candidate switching load combination includes multiple combinations, the thyristor target adjustable power is used as supplementary adjustable power in response to automatic generation control commands, and the heating group represents an electric heating unit combination that can be independently switched and provides a stepped high-power coarse adjustment capacity; a establishment module is used to establish the constraint conditions of the candidate switching load combination and determine the target switching load combination from multiple candidate switching load combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model; an adjustment module is used to generate an adjustment command based on the target switching load combination and adjust the power of the electric heating solid energy storage unit based on the adjustment command.

[0019] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0020] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0021] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a first method for adjusting the power of an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a second flowchart illustrating the power regulation method of an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third process of the power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a first example diagram of a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a second example diagram of a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a third example diagram of a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a fourth example diagram of a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a fifth example diagram of a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the power regulation device of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this application, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this application in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] This application proposes a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, applicable to power plant energy systems. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S101: Collect operating data of the power plant's energy system; wherein, the power plant's energy system includes thermal power unit, flywheel energy storage unit, and electrically heated solid energy storage unit; Step S102: Based on the operating data, obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used as the coarse adjustment power in response to the automatic generation control command; Step S103: Based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, determine the candidate switching load combinations of the heating groups in the electric heating solid energy storage unit, and determine the thyristor target regulation power of the electric heating solid energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. The candidate switching load combinations include multiple combinations, the thyristor target regulation power is used as supplementary regulation power in response to automatic generation control commands, and the heating group represents the combination of electric heating units that can be independently switched and provide coarse adjustment power. Step S104: Establish constraints on candidate load switching combinations, and determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model; Step S105: Based on the target load switching combination, generate adjustment commands and adjust the power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the adjustment commands.

[0028] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment: A power plant energy system is a comprehensive system that includes various energy conversion and storage devices such as power generation and energy storage. Its operating status is affected by a variety of factors.

[0029] A thermal power unit is a generator unit that generates electricity by burning fuel to produce steam and drive a steam turbine. It is a major power generation component in a power plant's energy system.

[0030] A flywheel energy storage unit is an energy storage device that uses a high-speed rotating flywheel to store kinetic energy. It can quickly respond to power changes and provide auxiliary services.

[0031] An electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit is a device that uses electrical energy to heat a solid medium and store thermal energy. Its heating power can be adjusted to participate in grid frequency regulation.

[0032] The target frequency regulation reference load power refers to the reference load value used by the electrically heated solid energy storage unit as the coarse adjustment power when responding to automatic generation control commands. Its determination aims to provide a basis for subsequent fine adjustment.

[0033] Automatic generation control commands are real-time power regulation commands issued by the power grid dispatching agency to generator sets or energy storage devices to maintain the power balance of the power grid frequency and tie lines.

[0034] Heating groups refer to the combination of independently switchable electric heating units within an electric heating solid energy storage unit, with each group capable of providing a certain amount of coarse adjustment power.

[0035] Candidate load switching combinations refer to a set of possible switching schemes consisting of multiple heating groups that meet certain conditions, based on the target frequency regulation reference load power.

[0036] The target adjustable power of a thyristor refers to the power value that is continuously adjusted by a thyristor device based on the switching of heating groups, and is used for supplementary adjustment in response to automatic power generation control commands.

[0037] The pre-defined comprehensive evaluation model is a mathematical model used to evaluate the merits of different candidate load switching combinations. It comprehensively considers multiple aspects such as frequency regulation performance, equipment operation economy, and safety constraints.

[0038] The target load switching combination refers to the optimal heating group switching scheme determined after screening by a pre-set comprehensive evaluation model.

[0039] The regulation command is a command generated based on the target load switching combination and used to control the switching action of the heating group in the electric heating solid energy storage unit and the power output of the thyristor.

[0040] The power regulation method of this application will be described in detail below.

[0041] In one implementation, the operating data of the power plant energy system can be monitored by sensors to detect the operating status of any one of the key equipment, such as thermal power unit, flywheel energy storage unit or electrically heated solid energy storage unit, and the monitored data can be stored in local memory.

[0042] Furthermore, in one example, when obtaining the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, the total heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage can be divided into the frequency regulation reference load power and the peak-shaving load power: ,in, The total heating power of the electric heating solid energy storage is... As the frequency modulation reference load power, For peak load power. Frequency regulation reference load. Used to respond to AGC secondary frequency regulation requirements, it needs to have fast response capability, continuous fine-tuning capability, and bidirectional regulation margin. Peak load It is used for off-peak electricity consumption, peak heat storage, heat plan supplementation, or heating demand compensation. Its rate of change is lower than that of the frequency regulation reference load, and it does not directly undertake the task of AGC rapid and accurate tracking.

[0043] When the adjustment margin of the frequency regulation reference load is insufficient, the peak load should give way to the frequency regulation reference load to ensure the frequency regulation capability of AGC.

[0044] Furthermore, the frequency modulation reference load is further divided into heating group switching load and thyristor-regulated load: ,in, For heating group load switching, The load is adjusted by the thyristor.

[0045] Specifically, when determining candidate switching load combinations for heating groups, several switching state combinations of heating groups can be randomly generated, or only the single heating group closest to the target frequency regulation reference load power can be selected as a candidate. Therefore, the target regulation power of the thyristor can be calculated based on the simple difference between the target frequency regulation reference load power and the power of the selected heating group, or allocated according to a preset fixed ratio.

[0046] As a preferred implementation, when establishing constraints for candidate load switching combinations, only the total power limit of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage units can be considered. When determining the target load switching combination, an evaluation model can be used, for example, selecting only the candidate combination that minimizes the difference between the actual output power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage units and the target frequency regulation reference load power.

[0047] For example, when generating adjustment instructions, only one text instruction containing all switching and adjustment information can be generated. The adjustment instruction can be only for the switching action of the heating group, without including the fine adjustment information of the thyristor, which is calculated by the system and output by the thyristor.

[0048] It is understandable that this application, by constructing a coarse-fine composite power regulation mechanism, effectively solves the problem of insufficient regulation margin caused by the lack of distinction between frequency regulation load and peak-shaving load when electrically heated solid-state energy storage participates in the frequency regulation of power plant energy systems. By combining coarse adjustment of heating groups with fine adjustment of thyristors, it avoids the low regulation accuracy and equipment lifespan loss of simple group switching, as well as the high cost and heat dissipation pressure of simple thyristor power regulation. Thus, it achieves accurate response of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to automatic generation control commands, improving the overall frequency regulation performance and operational economy of the power plant energy system.

[0049] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: Step S201: Collect operational data of the power plant's energy system. This operational data includes the generating power of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. See [link / reference] for details. Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0050] Step S202: Based on operational data, obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Specifically, this includes: Step S2021: Calculate the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the generating power of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This can be calculated using the following expression: ; The equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system. The generating capacity of a thermal power unit. Output power to the flywheel energy storage unit. The heating power for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0051] Step S2022: After weighting the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command, calculate the difference with the frequency regulation reference load power to obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power. This can be calculated using the following expression: ;in, The target frequency regulation reference load power, As the frequency modulation reference load power, For frequency modulation reference participation factor; ,in, The lower limit of the allowable power for the frequency modulation reference load. This is the upper limit of the allowable power for the frequency regulation reference load; and The system is adjusted in real time based on the temperature of the thermal storage medium, temperature gradient, remaining absorbable heat, plant power capacity, thyristor status, and load switching combinations of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The target power in the automatic power generation control command.

[0052] Specifically, operational data is a quantitative representation of the real-time operating status of a power plant's energy system, providing accurate input information for subsequent power regulation decisions. The generating power of a thermal power unit refers to the actual electrical power produced by the unit, which can be directly measured by the unit's sensors, such as the power sensor at the generator outlet. The output power of a flywheel energy storage unit refers to the power output to or absorbed from the grid by the flywheel energy storage unit; its value can be provided by the flywheel energy storage unit's power measurement device or its control system. The heating power of an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit refers to the electrical power currently consumed by the unit, which can be monitored in real-time by its incoming-side metering device or internal control system. This power data is a key element in calculating the overall power balance of the power plant's energy system.

[0053] Calculating the equivalent grid-connected power of a power plant's energy system is to accurately assess the power plant's overall actual power contribution or demand on the grid. This calculation involves algebraically summing the real-time power of all major generating equipment (thermal power units), auxiliary energy storage equipment (flywheel energy storage), and energy-consuming equipment (electrically heated solid-state energy storage) within the power plant, thereby obtaining the net value of power exchange between the power plant and the external grid.

[0054] Target power in automatic generation control commands and equivalent power After weighting the differences, the power is calculated to match the frequency regulation reference load power. The difference is used to obtain the target frequency modulation reference load power. This step aims to dynamically determine the frequency regulation reference load power that the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit should undertake, based on the real-time frequency regulation requirements of the power grid and the actual power output of the power plant. Through the analysis of and By weighting the differences, the deviation between the power plant's current output and the grid target can be quantified, and the frequency regulation reference load of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can be adjusted accordingly to more accurately respond to the grid's frequency regulation needs. For example, when the power plant's actual power output is lower than the target power output, The power will be adjusted accordingly, instructing the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to reduce its heating power to help the power plant increase its grid connection power; and vice versa.

[0055] In addition, the target frequency modulation reference load power It still needs to meet the following requirements The constraints and real-time correction mechanism ensure that the power regulation range of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit remains within a safe, reliable, and effective operating range when responding to frequency regulation commands, avoiding damage to the equipment or impact on system stability due to over- or improper regulation. These upper and lower limits are not fixed but are dynamically corrected in real time based on the internal state of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit and external operating conditions. For example, when the temperature of the heat storage body is too high or the remaining absorbable heat is insufficient, It may be reduced to prevent overheating; when the plant's power capacity is close to its upper limit, It may also be limited to avoid electrical overload. The combination of thyristor status and switching loads also affects the permissible power range; for example, when the thyristor approaches its regulation limits, its adjustability margin decreases, thus affecting... and This ensures that the execution of frequency regulation commands can meet the needs of the power grid while also taking into account the operational safety and lifespan of the energy storage units themselves.

[0056] Step S203: Based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, determine the candidate switching load combinations for the heating group in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, and determine the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. See details... Figure 1 Step S103 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0057] Step S204: Establish constraints for candidate load switching combinations, and determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S104 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0058] Step S205: Based on the target load switching combination, a regulation command is generated, and the power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit is regulated based on the regulation command. See details... Figure 1Step S105 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0059] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application can effectively solve the problem of how to accurately calculate the target frequency regulation reference load power based on the real-time operating status of each unit in the power plant's energy system when the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit participates in the response to automatic generation control commands, and how to dynamically correct this power under the physical constraints of the energy storage unit. By accurately calculating the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system, dynamically determining the target frequency regulation reference load power, and real-time correcting its allowable range, a more intelligent, precise, and safe power regulation strategy is provided for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to participate in grid frequency regulation, significantly improving the frequency regulation performance and operational reliability of the power plant's energy system.

[0060] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: Step S301: Collect operating data of the power plant's energy system. This operating data includes the generating power of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. See [link / reference] for details. Figure 1 Step S101 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0061] Step S302: Based on the operating data, obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Specifically, this includes: Step S3021: Calculate the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the generating power of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. (See details...) Figure 2 Step S2021 in the embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0062] Step S3022: After weighting the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command, calculate the difference with the frequency regulation reference load power to obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power. (See details...) Figure 2 Step S2022 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0063] Step S303: Based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, determine the candidate switching load combinations for the heating group in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, and determine the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. Specifically, this includes: Step S3031: Generate candidate load switching combinations that meet the target frequency regulation reference load power.

[0064] Step S3032: Calculate the power value of the candidate load switching combination.

[0065] Step S3033: Calculate the target regulation power of the thyristor based on the target frequency regulation reference load power and the power values ​​of the candidate switching load combinations.

[0066] The purpose of generating candidate switching load combinations that satisfy the target frequency regulation reference load power is to identify discrete heating grouping configurations that can approximately satisfy the target frequency regulation reference load power. This can be determined by the following expression: ; For the k-th candidate load switching combination, Let n be the n electric heating units in the candidate load switching combinations. This step can be implemented in ways including, but not limited to: One approach is an exhaustive search, where the total power of each possible heating unit switching combination is calculated, and combinations whose total power falls within the preset deviation range of the target frequency regulation reference load power are selected as candidates. This method is suitable for scenarios with a small number of heating units and manageable computational complexity. Another approach is to use heuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms or particle swarm optimization algorithms, to quickly search and generate a series of representative candidate load switching combinations while satisfying the constraint of the target frequency regulation reference load power. This method is suitable for scenarios with a large number of heating units where the exhaustive search method is computationally intensive, effectively reducing the computational burden.

[0067] Calculating the power values ​​of candidate load switching combinations aims to quantify the discrete power output that each candidate load switching combination can provide. This can be determined using the following expression: ,in, This represents the power value of the k-th candidate load switching combination. This step can be implemented in ways including, but not limited to: one method is that after generating each candidate load switching combination, the system directly iterates through all the electric heating units in that combination, summing the rated power of the units in the switching state to obtain the power value. Another approach is to pre-calculate and store all possible heating group switching combinations and their corresponding total power values. During runtime, when a candidate switching load combination is generated, its power value is quickly retrieved by looking up a table. To improve computational efficiency.

[0068] The target regulation power of the thyristor is calculated based on the target frequency regulation reference load power and the power values ​​of the candidate switching load combinations. It can be determined using the following expression: ,in, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The target frequency regulation reference load power, This represents the power value of the candidate load switching combinations. It aims to match the target frequency regulation reference load power. Decomposed into discrete heating group switching power and continuous thyristor fine-tuning power . This represents the supplementary adjustable power that the thyristor needs to provide after selecting a specific heating group switching combination, in order to accurately compensate for [the specific issue]. and The difference between them. This step can be achieved in ways including, but not limited to: one way is for the control system to acquire the target frequency modulation reference load power at the current moment. Power value combined with a candidate load switching Then, a subtraction operation is immediately performed to obtain the corresponding target adjustable power of the thyristor. Another approach is to allow the system to set an allowable power deviation range. If... and If the difference is within this range, then this difference will be used directly. If the load exceeds the range, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the candidate load switching combinations or make adjustments in subsequent optimization steps.

[0069] Step S304: Establish constraints for candidate load switching combinations, and determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model. (See details...) Figure 1 Step S104 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0070] Step S305: Based on the target load switching combination, a regulation command is generated, and the power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit is regulated based on the regulation command. See details... Figure 1 Step S105 in the embodiment will not be described again here.

[0071] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application constructs a composite control logic combining discrete heating group switching with continuous thyristor regulation, achieving refined management of the power of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units. By generating multiple candidate switching load combinations, the system can select from various possible coarse adjustment schemes, providing a basis for subsequent optimization decisions. By calculating the power value of each candidate combination, the discrete heating unit state is transformed into a specific power output, enabling the system to quantitatively evaluate the impact of different switching strategies on the total power. By calculating the difference between the target frequency regulation reference load power and the candidate combination power value, the target regulation power of the thyristor is determined, thus achieving effective complementarity between coarse and fine adjustment. This calculation logic ensures that regardless of how the heating groups are switched, the thyristor can dynamically adjust its own output to compensate for the power gap caused by group switching, thereby achieving accurate tracking of the target frequency regulation reference load power. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient regulation accuracy caused by relying solely on group switching and the equipment cost and heat dissipation pressure caused by relying solely on thyristors.

[0072] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the constraints on candidate load switching combinations include: thyristor regulation range constraints of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, thermal storage body state constraints of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, power plant auxiliary power safety constraints of the power plant energy system, and load switching anti-jitter constraints. The preset comprehensive evaluation model includes: , in, The output of the pre-set comprehensive evaluation model, For frequency modulation reference tracking error, , The target frequency regulation reference load power, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The power values ​​for candidate load switching combinations; The weighting coefficients for the frequency modulation reference tracking error. The cost of heating and grouping is used to characterize the number of cuts, the number of cuts, the action interval, and the lifespan loss in this operation. Weighting coefficients for the cost of grouping and switching during heating; The cost of the thyristor deviating from the middle operating region; ,in, This is the lower boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. This represents the upper boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. Adjust the power for the thyristor target. This is a weighting coefficient representing the cost of the thyristor deviating from the intermediate operating region. This is a penalty term for the state of the thermal storage body in an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This represents the weighting coefficient for the thermal storage state penalty term; This is a penalty item for electrical safety. This represents the weighting coefficient for electrical safety penalties.

[0073] Specifically, the constraints on candidate load switching combinations aim to ensure that the selected power regulation scheme is physically and operationally feasible and safe. These constraints can serve as hard filtering rules to directly eliminate unsuitable candidate combinations, or as soft constraints, incorporated into the evaluation model as penalty terms. For example, the constraint on the thyristor regulation range of an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit ensures the target thyristor regulation power. Always keep the equipment within its permissible operating range to avoid equipment damage or instability caused by exceeding the range. This can be achieved by checking in advance when generating candidate combinations. Is it in [ To achieve within the range, or within the calculation Then, a limiting process is applied. The thermal state constraints of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units focus on the health condition of the storage medium, such as limiting the maximum temperature of the storage zone. Do not exceed the upper limit temperature Limiting the temperature gradient Not exceeding the upper limit And ensure the remaining absorbable heat To meet the endothermic requirements of this candidate combination These constraints prevent overheating, excessive thermal stress, or insufficient thermal storage capacity in the energy storage unit, thus ensuring its long-term stable operation. The power plant's auxiliary power safety constraints aim to maintain the stability and safety of the entire power plant's auxiliary power system, such as limiting the bus load corresponding to candidate load switching combinations. Not exceeding the bus load limit Limit transformer load rate Not exceeding the upper limit of transformer load rate and limiting branch current Not exceeding the upper limit of branch current This can be achieved by monitoring grid parameters in real time and dynamically adjusting the allowable load range, avoiding local overloads or grid fluctuations caused by the switching of electric heating loads. Switching anti-jitter constraints are used to suppress frequent actions of heating groups, such as requiring the i-th group to maintain its current state for a specified period. Not less than the lower limit of time The interval between actions Not less than the lower limit of the interval time And the number of switching operations within the set time window. Not exceeding the upper limit This helps reduce mechanical wear on switching equipment, extend equipment life, and reduce power quality problems that may be caused by frequent switching.

[0074] Based on this, a comprehensive evaluation model is pre-set. This provides a quantitative decision-making criterion for selecting the optimal solution from multiple candidate load switching combinations that meet the constraints. The model comprehensively considers multiple interrelated performance indicators through a weighted summation method. Among them, the frequency modulation reference tracking error... The actual power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit was compared with the target frequency-modulated reference load power. The deviation between them, their weighting coefficient This reflects the importance placed on the accuracy of frequency modulation response. Heating group switching cost. The impact of heating grouping and switching actions on equipment lifespan and operational stability was quantified, and its weighting coefficients were determined. Used to balance adjustment accuracy and equipment wear. The cost of a thyristor deviating from the central operating range. Designed to guide the target power regulation of the thyristor Working in the middle area [ , Within this range, to retain a two-way adjustment margin, its weighting coefficient... This reflects consideration for the flexibility of thyristor adjustment. Thermal storage state penalty item. Electrical safety penalties As an additional safety safeguard, when the condition or electrical parameters of the thermal storage body approach or exceed safety thresholds, corresponding penalties will be imposed, with a weighting coefficient... and These factors respectively reflect the level of importance attached to the health of the thermal storage medium and the safety of the electrical system. By adjusting these weighting coefficients, power regulation strategies can be flexibly optimized according to actual operational needs and priorities.

[0075] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application transforms the power regulation problem of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units into a multi-objective optimization problem, thereby achieving optimal decision-making on power allocation for electrically heated solid-state energy storage units while ensuring the safe operation of the power plant's energy system. It can select the optimal solution from multiple candidate combinations, not only solving the blindness caused by relying solely on empirical rules for regulation, but also achieving global optimization of the power regulation process of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units through refined cost evaluation, significantly improving the system's regulation capability and operational stability under complex operating conditions.

[0076] In some embodiments, this application further proposes determining a target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model, specifically including: Step a1: Based on the preset comprehensive evaluation model, evaluate each candidate load switching combination and obtain the evaluation value.

[0077] Step a2: Select the candidate load switching combination corresponding to the minimum value among the evaluation values ​​as the target load switching combination.

[0078] Specifically, based on a pre-defined comprehensive evaluation model, each candidate load switching combination is evaluated to obtain an evaluation value. This aims to quantify the merits of each candidate load switching combination, providing a data foundation for subsequent decision-making. By evaluating each combination, the system can comprehensively consider its performance across multiple dimensions, including frequency regulation performance, equipment lifespan, operating costs, and safety. Specifically, the system can call a predefined calculation module that receives detailed parameters of a candidate load switching combination, such as its power value. The corresponding target adjustable power of the thyristor The system calculates the evaluation value of each candidate load switching combination based on a pre-defined comprehensive evaluation model. This process is performed on all generated candidate load switching combinations one by one. Furthermore, considering the potentially large number of candidate load switching combinations, the system can employ a parallel computing architecture, allocating different candidate combinations to multiple processing units to simultaneously calculate their evaluation values, thereby significantly shortening the overall evaluation time.

[0079] Selecting the candidate load switching combination corresponding to the minimum evaluation value as the target load switching combination is the core step in decision-making. This step aims to determine the optimal switching strategy from all evaluated candidate options. By selecting the combination with the minimum evaluation value, the chosen solution ensures optimal overall performance while meeting various constraints, such as minimizing frequency regulation error, equipment losses, and operating costs. Specifically, after obtaining the evaluation values ​​of all candidate load switching combinations, the system can initialize a variable to store the currently found minimum evaluation value and its corresponding combination. Subsequently, the system iterates through all evaluation values, updating the stored minimum value and its corresponding combination if a smaller evaluation value is found. After the iteration is complete, the stored combination is the target load switching combination. Alternatively, the system can treat all candidate load switching combinations and their corresponding evaluation values ​​as a data structure, then sort these data structures in ascending order of evaluation value using a standard sorting algorithm. After sorting, the first element in the list is the candidate load switching combination with the minimum evaluation value, which is then used as the target load switching combination.

[0080] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application transforms the complex power grid load regulation decision into a mathematical extreme value optimization problem by introducing a quantitative evaluation mechanism, thereby achieving the scientific screening of candidate load switching combinations. This enables the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to ensure both the accuracy of power regulation and the economy and safety of equipment operation when responding to automatic generation control commands. This ensures the accuracy of power regulation while maximizing the efficiency and reliability of equipment operation, avoiding potential problems caused by optimizing a single indicator, such as equipment losses due to frequent switching or reduced regulation capability due to the thyristor operating outside its optimal range.

[0081] In some embodiments, this application further proposes a power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, wherein the regulation command includes a heating group switching command and a thyristor fine-tuning command. Power regulation of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the regulation command includes: adjusting the thyristor, and / or switching the heating groups of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit while simultaneously adjusting the thyristor to regulate the power deviation; wherein the power deviation is used to characterize the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command.

[0082] Specifically, the heating group switching command is used to control the activation or deactivation of heating groups within the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. A heating group typically consists of multiple electrically heated units, and its switching allows for a wide range of coarse power adjustments. For example, the command can be a binary signal indicating whether a heating group is on or off; or an coded signal indicating the specific heating group number to be switched. This can be achieved by controlling the power supply circuit of the heating group through electrical switching devices such as relays or contactors. The thyristor fine-tuning command is used to control the conduction angle of the thyristor in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, thereby achieving continuous and fine adjustment of the electric heating power. The thyristor fine-tuning command is typically an analog or digital signal representing the conduction level of the thyristor. This can be achieved by receiving the command through a thyristor trigger circuit and adjusting the phase of the thyristor's trigger pulse according to the command, thereby changing the effective current or voltage flowing through the heating element.

[0083] Several strategies can be adopted when regulating the power of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units based on adjustment commands. One strategy is to adjust only the thyristor. This method is mainly used to handle small power deviations. By continuously changing the conduction angle of the thyristor, a smooth and stepless adjustment of the output power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can be achieved. For example, when the power deviation is small and within the adjustment range of the thyristor, the system only issues a fine-tuning command for the thyristor, eliminating the deviation by finely adjusting the conduction angle of the thyristor. Another approach is that after the heating group is switched on or off, the thyristor will immediately perform compensatory adjustment to eliminate the instantaneous power jump or residual small deviation caused by the switching. Yet another strategy is to switch the heating groups of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit on or off while simultaneously adjusting the thyristor. This combined adjustment method is used to handle larger power deviations or scenarios requiring rapid response. When the power deviation exceeds the adjustment capability of the thyristor alone, the system will first issue a heating group switching command, quickly achieving a large-range coarse power adjustment by putting on or taking off one or more heating groups. Meanwhile, to eliminate potential power jumps or residual power deviations after switching heating groups, the system simultaneously issues thyristor fine-tuning commands to adjust the thyristors in real time, ensuring a smooth power output transition and precise tracking. For example, when a significant power increase is needed, the system activates a heating group, and the thyristor quickly adjusts from a lower conduction angle to a new one to compensate for minor deviations after switching; the reverse is also true.

[0084] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application proposes a composite power regulation mechanism, effectively solving the problem of the difficulty in balancing response speed and regulation accuracy with a single regulation method. This enables electrically heated solid-state energy storage units to respond to automatic generation control commands more quickly and accurately, significantly improving the performance of power plant energy systems in grid frequency regulation. It not only overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient accuracy in simple group switching regulation but also avoids the high cost and heat dissipation pressure of simple full-capacity thyristor power regulation, providing an efficient, economical, and reliable power regulation method for electrically heated solid-state energy storage units in grid frequency regulation applications.

[0085] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that when determining the target load switching combination, the constraints of the candidate load switching combination include the thyristor adjustment range constraint of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, the thermal storage state constraint of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit, the power plant power safety constraint of the power plant energy system, and the switching anti-jitter constraint.

[0086] The thyristor adjustment range constraints include: ,in, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The lower limit power adjustable by the thyristor. This refers to the upper limit of power adjustable by the thyristor.

[0087] The thermal storage state constraints include: ,in, The highest temperature of the thermal storage zone for the candidate load switching combination. This is the upper limit temperature of the thermal storage zone; , For temperature gradient, This represents the upper limit of the temperature gradient. , The remaining absorbable heat, The heat absorption requirements corresponding to this candidate combination.

[0088] Electrical safety constraints include: , , ,in, The bus loads corresponding to the candidate load switching combinations. The upper limit of the bus load corresponding to the candidate load switching combination. For transformer load rate, This is the upper limit of the transformer load rate. For branch current, This is the upper limit of the branch current.

[0089] Throwing and switching stabilization constraints include: , , ,in, For the first The time each group maintains its current state For the first The lower bound of the time each group maintains its current state This is the interval since the last action. This is the lower limit of the interval between actions. To set the number of switching operations within a time window, Set the maximum number of throws / cuts within the time window.

[0090] The thyristor regulation range constraint aims to ensure that the target regulation power of the thyristor in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit is always within its safe and stable operating range. This constraint effectively prevents damage to the thyristor due to overload or underload operation, while ensuring sufficient margin during regulation. Specifically, It can be set according to the minimum conduction angle or minimum stable operating current of the thyristor, and The power rating can be determined based on the thyristor's maximum rated current, heat dissipation capacity, or maximum voltage it can withstand. For example, a hard power limit can be set in the control system, or the allowable adjustment range can be dynamically adjusted by monitoring parameters such as the junction temperature and current of the thyristor in real time.

[0091] Thermal storage state constraints are used to ensure the physical integrity and long-term operational reliability of the thermal storage medium within electrically heated solid energy storage units. Among these constraints, Indicates the highest temperature of the thermal storage zone in the candidate load switching combination. The temperature must not exceed the upper limit of the thermal storage zone. This constraint is designed to prevent the thermal storage medium from undergoing phase change, decomposition, or structural damage due to localized overheating. Real-time monitoring can be achieved by arranging multiple temperature sensors inside the thermal storage body and taking the maximum value, or by establishing a thermodynamic model of the thermal storage body for prediction. The specific characteristics are usually determined by the material properties of the heat storage medium, the safety margin, and the system design requirements. Representing temperature gradient The temperature gradient must not exceed the upper limit. Excessive temperature gradients may cause excessive thermal stress inside the thermal storage body, which may lead to cracks or structural fatigue. The ratio of temperature difference to distance between adjacent sensors can be calculated by placing temperature sensors at different locations in the thermal storage body, or it can be simulated using methods such as finite element analysis. The setting is based on the thermal shock resistance and structural strength of the heat storage medium. This indicates the remaining absorbable heat. It must be greater than or equal to the endothermic demand corresponding to this candidate combination. This constraint ensures that the thermal storage medium still has sufficient heat absorption capacity under the current operating conditions, preventing the thermal storage medium from reaching saturation and being unable to continue absorbing heat, thereby affecting the system's frequency regulation capability. It can be estimated by real-time monitoring of the average temperature, stored energy, and total capacity of the thermal storage body, or by establishing an energy balance model of the thermal storage body. The determination is based on the current power regulation requirements and the thermal efficiency of the heat storage body.

[0092] Electricity safety constraints aim to maintain the stability and security of the power plant's energy system's auxiliary power network and prevent the operation of electrically heated solid-state energy storage units from adversely affecting the power grid. Among these, Indicates the bus load corresponding to the candidate load switching combination. The bus load limit must not be exceeded. This constraint ensures that the busbar will not experience voltage drops, equipment overheating, or protection activation due to overload. It can be calculated by real-time monitoring of the current and voltage on the bus, or by calculating the power flow of the power grid. It can be set according to the rated capacity of the busbar, the load-bearing capacity of the connected equipment, or the power grid operation regulations. Indicates transformer load rate The load factor of the transformer must not exceed the upper limit. Transformer overload can cause its winding temperature to rise, insulation to age faster, and even burn out. This can be calculated by monitoring the input / output power or current of the transformer. The operating temperature is usually determined by the transformer's rated capacity, cooling method, and ambient temperature, but it can also be dynamically adjusted based on the transformer's real-time temperature. Indicates branch current The current must not exceed the upper limit of the branch current. This constraint is designed to prevent cable overheating, circuit breaker tripping, or fuse blowing, thereby ensuring the safety of the power supply line. Real-time measurements can be taken by installing current transformers on each branch. The setting is based on the cable's current carrying capacity, the circuit breaker's rated current, or the fuse's fusing characteristics.

[0093] Switching anti-jitter constraints aim to extend the service life of the switching equipment and heating elements of the heating groups in electrically heated solid-state energy storage units, and to improve the stability of system operation. Among these... This represents the time during which the i-th group maintains its current state. It must be greater than or equal to the lower bound of the time it takes to maintain its current state. This constraint prevents frequent switching of heating groups within a short period of time, reducing mechanical wear and arc erosion of the switching equipment. The settings can be adjusted based on the mechanical lifespan, electrical lifespan, and system response speed requirements of the switching equipment; for example, the settings can be set from a few seconds to tens of seconds. Indicates the time interval since the last action. It must be greater than or equal to the lower limit of the interval since the last action. This constraint ensures that there is sufficient interval between two switching actions, allowing the switch contacts time to cool down, reducing thermal stress, and allowing the system to stabilize sufficiently. The time can be determined based on the heat dissipation characteristics of the switching equipment, the contact material, and the system recovery time; for example, it can be set to tens of seconds to several minutes. Indicates the number of switching operations within the set time window. The number of switching operations must be less than or equal to the maximum number of operations within the set time window. This constraint macroscopically limits the total switching frequency of the heating group within a certain time period, further protecting the switching equipment and heating elements and preventing them from failing prematurely due to excessive cumulative operation. The settings can be based on the rated operating life of the switchgear, the fatigue life of the heating element, and the expected system operating cycle. For example, it can be set as the maximum number of switching operations per hour or per day.

[0094] It is understood that, through the above technical solution, this application can comprehensively consider multi-dimensional operational constraints when determining the target load switching combination of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, thereby significantly improving the safety, reliability, and equipment lifespan of power regulation. The introduction of constraints enables the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit to not only accurately respond to grid frequency regulation demands when performing power regulation, but also strictly adhere to the physical and electrical boundaries of equipment operation under complex and variable operating conditions. This achieves a deep balance between frequency regulation performance and safe equipment operation, thereby improving the overall reliability and economy of the power plant's energy system participating in grid frequency regulation.

[0095] In one example, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the above technical solution will be explained in more detail through a more specific example: In the energy system of power plant A, the system includes one thermal power unit, one flywheel energy storage unit, and one electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. Power plant A needs to participate in the grid's Automatic Generation Control (AGC) frequency regulation service to maintain grid frequency stability. Existing technologies for handling the power regulation of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit suffer from several problems, including confusion between frequency regulation loads and peak-shaving loads, insufficient accuracy of simple group switching, high cost of simple full-capacity thyristor power regulation, and a lack of a coarse-fine composite power regulation mechanism driven by target power. This solution aims to address these problems through a refined power regulation method, thereby improving the frequency regulation performance and operational economy of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit.

[0096] First, the system will collect real-time operational data from power plant A's energy system. This data includes the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit. Output power of flywheel energy storage unit and the heating power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit For example, at a certain moment, the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit is 500MW, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit is 10MW, and the heating power of the electric heating solid energy storage unit is 80MW.

[0097] Next, based on this operational data, the system obtains the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This power is used for the coarse adjustment portion of the AGC command. The specific calculation process is as follows: First, based on the collected data , and Calculate the equivalent on-grid power of the power plant energy system. , .

[0098] For example, = 500MW + 10MW - 80MW = 430MW.

[0099] Then, the system receives the target power from the AGC command issued by the power grid. Assuming the current situation... The capacity is 420MW. The system will... and The differences are weighted and combined with the frequency modulation reference load power. For example, if the initial setting is 100MW, the target frequency regulation reference load power is calculated. .

[0100] .in, This is the frequency modulation reference participation factor, for example, set to 0.5.

[0101] = 100MW - 0.5 x (420MW - 430MW) = 100MW - 0.5 x (-10MW) = 105MW.

[0102] Meanwhile, the system dynamically adjusts the upper and lower limits of the allowable power of the frequency regulation reference load based on real-time parameters such as the temperature of the thermal storage body, temperature gradient, remaining absorbable heat, plant power capacity, thyristor status, and the current load switching combination of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. and For example, the current revised allowable range is 80MW ≤ ≤120MW. Calculated The value is 105MW, which is within the allowable range. In this way, the scheme clearly distinguishes the frequency regulation load and ensures that the frequency regulation load operates within the safety margin, avoiding the problem of peak-shaving load occupying the frequency regulation power space.

[0103] Subsequently, based on the target frequency regulation reference load power The system determines the candidate load combinations for heating groups in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. The electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit consists of multiple independently switchable heating groups, each providing a certain coarse-tuning power. For example, an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit may have three heating groups with rated powers of P1=30MW, P2=40MW, and P3=50MW. To achieve the target frequency regulation reference load power of 105MW, the system will generate multiple candidate load switching combinations. For example: Combination 1: Switching groups 1 and 3 (u_(1,1)=1, u_(2,1)=0, u_(3,1)=1), their power values =30MW + 50MW = 80MW.

[0104] Combination 2: Switching groups 2 and 3 (u_(1,2)=0, u_(2,2)=1, u_(3,2)=1), their power values =40MW + 50MW = 90MW.

[0105] Combination 3: Switching groups 1, 2, and 3 (u_(1,3)=1, u_(2,3)=1, u_(3,3)=1), their power values = 30MW + 40MW + 50MW = 120MW.

[0106] Combination 4: Switching groups 1 and 2 (u_(1,4)=1, u_(2,4)=1, u_(3,4)=0), their power values = 30MW + 40MW = 70MW.

[0107] For each candidate load switching combination The system calculates the corresponding target adjustable power of the thyristor. This power is used for supplementary regulation in response to AGC commands.

[0108] .

[0109] For combination 1: = 105MW - 80MW = 25MW.

[0110] For combination 2: = 105MW - 90MW = 15MW.

[0111] For combination 3: = 105MW - 120MW = -15MW.

[0112] For combination 4: = 105MW - 70MW = 35MW.

[0113] By combining coarse and fine approaches, this solution overcomes the problem of insufficient precision in simple group switching adjustment, and also avoids the high cost and heat dissipation pressure brought about by simple full-capacity thyristor power adjustment.

[0114] Next, the system establishes constraints for candidate load switching combinations and bases them on a pre-defined comprehensive evaluation model. The target load switching combination is determined from multiple candidate load switching combinations. Constraints include: Thyristor adjustment range constraints: For example, the thyristor's adjustable range is from 0MW to 40MW. Then, combination 3... If the value is -15MW, this constraint is not met and the device will be excluded.

[0115] Thermal storage condition constraints: ensuring the highest temperature of the thermal storage. Not exceeding the upper limit Temperature gradient Not exceeding the upper limit Remaining absorbable heat Meet heat absorption requirements .

[0116] Plant power safety constraints: Ensure busbar load Not exceeding the upper limit Transformer load rate Not exceeding the upper limit Branch current Not exceeding the upper limit .

[0117] Throwing and switching debouncing constraint: The time during which the group maintains its current state. Greater than the lower limit The interval between actions Greater than the lower limit Set the number of switching operations within the time window. Less than the upper limit These constraints effectively prevent frequent switching from impacting equipment lifespan.

[0118] Among the candidate combinations that satisfy all constraints, the system uses a pre-set comprehensive evaluation model. An evaluation will be conducted. The formula for calculating J_k is: .

[0119] in: This represents the frequency modulation reference tracking error. Because... Theoretically, this value is 0, but in practice, there may be slight deviations.

[0120] This represents the cost of switching heating groups, taking into account the number of switches, the number of switches, the interval between actions, and the lifespan loss. For example, if combination 1 requires switching two groups, while combination 2 only requires switching one group, then the cost of switching heating groups is higher for combination 1. It will be higher.

[0121] The cost of heating and grouping is used to characterize the number of cuts, the number of cuts, the action interval, and the lifespan loss in this operation. Weighting coefficients for the cost of grouping and switching during heating; This indicates the cost of a thyristor deviating from its intermediate operating range. For example, the intermediate operating range for a thyristor is 10MW to 30MW.

[0122] For combination 1, = 25MW, = 0, because it is in the middle work area.

[0123] For combination 2, = 15MW, = 0, because it is in the middle work area.

[0124] For combination 4, = 35MW), = 35MW - 30MW = 5MW, because it deviates from the upper limit of the middle working zone.

[0125] This is a penalty item for the state of the thermal storage body. This is an electrical safety penalty item. The penalty is calculated for each candidate combination. Value, system selects The candidate combination with the smallest value is selected as the target load switching combination. For example, after calculation, combination 2... The minimum value is chosen because it not only satisfies all constraints, but also places the thyristor's target adjustable power of 15MW within the middle operating range, resulting in a lower switching cost. This screening mechanism based on a comprehensive evaluation model solves the problem of the lack of a coarse-fine composite power adjustment mechanism driven by the target power in existing schemes, optimizes the thyristor's operating state, and enhances its bidirectional fine-tuning capability.

[0126] Finally, based on the determined target load switching combination, such as combination 2: switching groups 2 and 3, with a target thyristor regulation power of 15MW, the system generates regulation commands. These commands include heating group switching commands and thyristor fine-tuning commands. The system regulates the power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage units according to these commands. Specifically, the system performs the following operations: The heating groups of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit are switched on and off, namely, group 2 and group 3.

[0127] At the same time, the thyristor is adjusted to make its output power 15MW.

[0128] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the adjustable margin of the frequency modulation reference load gives way to the peak load as follows: The margin for increasing heating power for the frequency-modulated reference load is: .

[0129] The margin for reducing heating power under frequency-modulated reference load is: .

[0130] when If this occurs, it indicates that the subsequent response AGC's ability to increase heating power is insufficient. The system reduces, delays, or shifts part of the peak load plan to reserve space for increasing heating power for the frequency regulation base load.

[0131] when If this occurs, it indicates that the subsequent response AGC's ability to reduce heating power is insufficient. The system adjusts the base power of the frequency regulation reference load and correspondingly reduces or shifts the peak load to restore the frequency regulation reference load to the operating range with bidirectional adjustment margin.

[0132] The total heating power after peak load relocation still meets the following requirements: ,in, This is the adjusted peak load power.

[0133] Through this combined coarse and fine adjustment method, the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit can accurately respond to AGC commands and adjust the power deviation of the power plant's energy system, thereby achieving precise matching between the equivalent grid-connected power of power plant A's energy system and the AGC target power. This adjustment method combines the rapid response capability of group switching with the continuous fine-tuning capability of thyristors, effectively solving the problems of insufficient accuracy of simple group switching and high cost of simple thyristor power regulation, and providing efficient, economical and reliable frequency regulation services.

[0134] This embodiment also provides a power regulation device for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0135] This embodiment provides a power regulation device for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it includes: The data acquisition module 901 is used to acquire operational data of the power plant's energy system; the power plant's energy system includes thermal power unit units, flywheel energy storage units, and electrically heated solid energy storage units. The acquisition module 902 is used to acquire the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the operating data, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used as the coarse adjustment power in response to the automatic generation control command; The determination module 903 is used to determine the candidate switching load combinations of heating groups in the electric heating solid energy storage unit based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, and to determine the thyristor target regulation power of the electric heating solid energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. The candidate switching load combinations include multiple combinations, the thyristor target regulation power is used as supplementary regulation power in response to automatic generation control commands, and the heating group represents the combination of electric heating units that can be independently switched and provide stepped high-power coarse adjustment capacity. Module 904 is established to establish constraints on candidate load switching combinations and, based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model, determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations. The regulation module 905 is used to generate regulation commands based on the target load switching combination, and to regulate the power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the regulation commands.

[0136] In some optional implementations, the acquisition module 902 includes: The first unit is used to calculate the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant's energy system based on the power generation of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit.

[0137] The second unit is used to calculate the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command and the frequency regulation reference load power, thereby obtaining the target frequency regulation reference load power.

[0138] The power regulation device for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit provided in this application embodiment can execute the power regulation method for the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit provided in any embodiment of this application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0139] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0140] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 10 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic suitable for implementing the electronic device described in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 1001, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from memory 1008 into random access memory (RAM) 1003. The RAM 1003 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 are interconnected via a bus 1004. An input / output (I / O) interface 1005 is also connected to the bus 1004.

[0141] Typically, the following devices can be connected to the I / O interface 1005: input devices 1006 including, for example, a touchscreen, touchpad, keyboard, mouse, camera, microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.; output devices 1007 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), speaker, vibrator, etc.; memory devices 1008 including, for example, magnetic tape, hard disk, etc.; and communication devices 1009. Communication device 1009 allows electronic devices to exchange data via wireless or wired communication with other devices. Although Figure 10 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0142] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication device 1009, or installed from memory 1008, or installed from ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by processor 1001, it performs the functions defined in the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit according to embodiments of this application.

[0143] Figure 10 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0144] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0145] A portion of this application can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to this application through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0146] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power regulation method for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, characterized in that, Applied to power plant energy systems, the method includes: Collect operational data of the power plant's energy system; Based on the operating data, the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit is obtained, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used as the coarse adjustment power in response to the automatic generation control command; Based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, candidate switching load combinations for heating groups in the electrically heated solid energy storage unit are determined, and the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit is determined based on the candidate switching load combinations. The candidate switching load combinations include multiple combinations, and the thyristor target regulation power is used as supplementary regulation power in response to automatic generation control commands. The heating group represents a combination of electrically heated units that can be independently switched and provide coarse adjustment power. Establish constraints on the candidate load switching combinations, and determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model; Based on the target load switching combination, an adjustment command is generated, and the power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit is adjusted based on the adjustment command.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational data includes the power generation of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. The step of obtaining the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the operating data includes: Calculate the equivalent grid-connected power of the power plant energy system based on the power generation of the thermal power unit, the output power of the flywheel energy storage unit, and the heating power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit. After weighting the difference between the target power in the automatic generation control command and the equivalent grid-connected power, the difference between the target power and the frequency regulation reference load power is calculated to obtain the target frequency regulation reference load power.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining candidate switching load combinations for heating groups in the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the target frequency-modulated reference load power, and determining the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations, includes: Generate candidate load switching combinations that satisfy the target frequency regulation reference load power; Calculate the power value of the candidate load switching combinations; The target regulation power of the thyristor is calculated based on the target frequency modulation reference load power and the power value of the candidate switching load combination.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraints of the candidate load switching combinations include: the thyristor adjustment range constraint of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, the thermal storage state constraint of the electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, the power plant power safety constraint of the power plant energy system, and the switching anti-jitter constraint. The preset comprehensive evaluation model includes: ， in, The output of the preset comprehensive evaluation model is... For frequency modulation reference tracking error, , The target frequency regulation reference load power, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The power values ​​for candidate load switching combinations; The weighting coefficients for the frequency modulation reference tracking error. The cost of heating and grouping is used to characterize the number of cuts, the number of cuts, the action interval, and the lifespan loss in this operation. Weighting coefficients for the cost of grouping and switching during heating; The cost of the thyristor deviating from the intermediate operating region; ,in, This is the lower boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. This represents the upper boundary of the intermediate working region of the thyristor. Adjust the power for the thyristor target. This is a weighting coefficient representing the cost of the thyristor deviating from the intermediate operating region. This is a penalty term for the state of the thermal storage body in an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit. This represents the weighting coefficient for the thermal storage state penalty term; This is a penalty item for electrical safety. This represents the weighting coefficient for electrical safety penalties.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model includes: Based on the preset comprehensive evaluation model, each of the candidate load switching combinations is evaluated to obtain an evaluation value; The candidate load switching combination corresponding to the minimum value among the evaluation values ​​is selected as the target load switching combination.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment commands include heating group switching commands and thyristor fine-tuning commands. The power regulation of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the regulation command includes: Adjust the thyristor, and / or The heating groups of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit are switched on and off, and the thyristor is adjusted to regulate the power deviation. The power deviation is used to characterize the difference between the target power and the equivalent grid-connected power in the automatic generation control command.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thyristor adjustment range constraint includes: ,in, Adjust the power for the thyristor target. The lower limit power adjustable by the thyristor. The upper limit of power adjustable by the thyristor; The thermal storage body state constraints include: ,in, The highest temperature of the thermal storage zone for the candidate load switching combination. This is the upper limit temperature of the thermal storage zone; , For temperature gradient, This represents the upper limit of the temperature gradient. , The remaining absorbable heat, The heat absorption requirements corresponding to this candidate combination; The electrical safety constraints include: ， ， ， in, The bus loads corresponding to the candidate load switching combinations. The upper limit of the bus load corresponding to the candidate load switching combination. For transformer load rate, This is the upper limit of the transformer load rate. For branch current, This is the upper limit of the branch current; Throwing and switching stabilization constraints include: ， ， ， in, For the first The time each group maintains its current state For the first The lower bound of the time each group maintains its current state This is the interval since the last action. This is the lower limit of the interval between actions. To set the number of switching operations within a time window, Set the maximum number of throws / cuts within the time window.

8. A power regulation device for an electrically heated solid-state energy storage unit, characterized in that, The device, used in power plant energy systems, includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect the operating data of the power plant's energy system; The acquisition module is used to acquire the target frequency regulation reference load power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the operating data, wherein the target frequency regulation reference load power is used as the coarse adjustment power in response to the automatic generation control command; The determination module is used to determine candidate switching load combinations of heating groups in the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the target frequency regulation reference load power, and to determine the thyristor target regulation power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the candidate switching load combinations. The candidate switching load combinations include multiple combinations, and the thyristor target regulation power is used as supplementary regulation power in response to automatic generation control commands. The heating group represents a combination of electrically heated units that can be independently switched and provide stepped high-power coarse adjustment capacity. A module is established to establish constraints on the candidate load switching combinations and, based on a preset comprehensive evaluation model, determine the target load switching combination from multiple candidate load switching combinations. The adjustment module is used to generate adjustment commands based on the target load switching combination, and to adjust the power of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit based on the adjustment commands.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the power regulation method of the electrically heated solid energy storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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