EMS-bms hierarchical decoupling fusion collaborative control method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of energy storage energy management, in particular to an EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion collaborative control method and system; including collecting energy storage system operation state data; EMS generates initial reference power according to economic operation target; BMS calculates power value corresponding to state of charge, temperature, current and health state constraint respectively, and constructs power constraint interval feedback to EMS; EMS re-optimizes and solves to obtain power instruction after constraint; BMS carries out safety check and amplitude limiting processing on the power instruction after constraint to obtain execution power instruction; the communication state is monitored by using the heartbeat mechanism, the execution power instruction is executed normally, and the local edge scheduling submodule is started by BMS to generate temporary execution power execution when abnormal. The application realizes the decoupling and cooperation of scheduling decision and safety execution by BMS active evaluation and feedback of safety boundary, EMS optimization decision within the safety boundary, and local autonomous takeover control in communication exception, and improves the system response speed and operation reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage management, specifically to an EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale integration of new energy sources and the continuous increase in the capacity of electrochemical energy storage systems, energy storage power stations are developing towards high power, multiple stacks, and complex auxiliary equipment. EMS (Energy Management System) and BMS (Battery Management System) jointly undertake control functions such as power dispatch, status monitoring, and safety protection.

[0003] Most mainstream energy storage systems currently adopt a centralized or single-layer control architecture. The EMS is responsible for power calculation and command issuance, while the BMS only executes basic protection logic. The two are highly coupled and have unclear division of responsibilities.

[0004] To address the aforementioned coupling issue, the current energy storage field generally adopts a control mode with unified management by the EMS and execution at the lower level by the BMS. This means the EMS handles all power scheduling decisions, status assessments, and control command issuance, while the BMS only provides basic protection functions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent protection. The EMS and BMS exchange data using a common communication protocol. The EMS directly acquires all battery operating data, performs unified optimization calculations, and then issues control commands to the BMS for execution. This solution has a simple architecture and low implementation threshold, and was widely adopted in early small-scale energy storage systems.

[0005] However, this solution has shortcomings in complex energy storage scenarios such as flow batteries. First, the system includes multiple devices such as multi-stack modules, electrolyte circulation pumps, and voltage stabilization protection units. Its operating states are subject to multi-variable coupling, high control frequencies, and numerous safety constraints. Unified control via a general EMS platform leads to a surge in communication load and increased processing latency, making it difficult to meet millisecond-level response requirements. Second, if the EMS experiences communication anomalies or scheduling conflicts, the BMS lacks independent decision-making capabilities, easily affecting the stack safety protection functions and resulting in insufficient system reliability. Furthermore, existing general communication mechanisms lack dedicated designs for high-frequency control and safety isolation, leading to complex control links, difficulties in expansion, and high engineering deployment costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of passive BMS execution, lack of real-time safety boundary constraints in EMS scheduling commands, and insufficient continuous control capability during communication anomalies in existing EMS-BMS control modes, this invention proposes a layered decoupled fusion collaborative control method and system for EMS-BMS. The method involves the BMS actively calculating the current safe scheduling power and feeding back the power constraint range, enabling the EMS to generate constrained power commands within this range. Simultaneously, the BMS performs end-point safety verification and limiting on the power commands issued by the EMS, and activates a local edge scheduling submodule to generate temporary execution power during communication anomalies. This forms a closed-loop control mechanism combining safety capability feedback, constraint scheduling, end-point verification, and anomaly autonomy.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention proposes a hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control method for EMS-BMS, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect operational status data of the energy storage system; S2, EMS generates an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data; S3 and BMS calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to EMS. S4. The EMS uses the received power constraint range as a hard constraint, and re-optimizes the solution based on the initial reference power to obtain the constrained power command and sends it to the BMS. S5. The BMS performs safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command; S6. The communication status is monitored using a heartbeat mechanism. When the communication between EMS and BMS is normal, the energy storage system executes according to the execution power command. When the communication between EMS and BMS is abnormal, the BMS starts the local edge scheduling submodule, which is used to generate temporary execution power, and the energy storage system executes according to the temporary execution power.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the power value corresponding to the state of charge constraint in S3 is:

[0009] The power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint is:

[0010] The power value corresponding to the current constraint is:

[0011] The power value corresponding to the health state constraint is:

[0012] In the formula: P soc P represents the power value corresponding to the state of charge constraint. temp P represents the power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint. current P represents the power value corresponding to the current constraint. soh The power value corresponding to the health state constraint; SOC is the current state of charge of the battery. min The preset minimum state of charge; k soc and kt are preset constraint weight coefficients, with values ​​ranging from 0.1 to 1; T max T represents the maximum permissible operating temperature of the energy storage system, and V represents the current detected temperature; V represents the current DC-side voltage or stack terminal voltage of the energy storage system, and I represents the current operating temperature. limit The maximum allowable charge / discharge current; SOH is the battery health state parameter, P rated This refers to the rated power of the energy storage system.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, step S4 involves re-optimizing the solution based on the initial reference power to obtain a constrained power command, including: Determine whether the initial reference power is within the power constraint range; If so, the initial reference power will be used as the constrained power command; If not, the goal is to minimize the deviation between the initial reference power and the output power command, and the power constraint range is used as a hard constraint for amplitude limiting to obtain the constrained power command. The constrained power command is sent to the BMS.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the step of performing safety verification and limiting processing on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command includes: The BMS acquires local operating status data of the current energy storage system, which includes at least one or more of the following: SOC, temperature, voltage, current, SOH, and fault status. The BMS re-determines the current safe power range based on the local operating status data. Determine whether the power command after the constraint is within the current safe power range; If so, the constrained power command will be used as the execution power command; If not, the constrained power command is limited to fall within the current safe power range, and the limited power is used as the execution power command. When an overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, or communication anomaly is detected in the energy storage system, the BMS will derate the power command or switch to fault protection power.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the heartbeat mechanism in S6 includes: The EMS and the BMS send heartbeat messages to each other according to a preset heartbeat cycle; if either party fails to receive a heartbeat message from the other party within N consecutive heartbeat cycles, it is determined to be a communication abnormality. The heartbeat cycle is 50ms to 100ms, and N is a preset positive integer; The communication anomaly includes at least one of the following: communication delay exceeding a preset delay threshold, consecutive packet loss exceeding a preset packet loss threshold, physical interruption of the communication link, or EMS failure.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S6, when the communication between the EMS and BMS is abnormal, the BMS also performs fault protection: clamping the temporary execution power within a preset safe power range. This is to ensure that the output power of the energy storage system remains within a safe range.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the local edge scheduling submodule in S6 is used to generate temporary execution power, including: Construct an objective function with the local output power decision variable as the optimization variable, as shown in the following expression:

[0018] In the formula: The local output power calculated for the local edge scheduling submodule; λ represents the local target tracking power; λ is the gradient penalty weighting coefficient. t represents the gradient rate; t represents the control time. The power ramp rate constraint is set as follows:

[0019] In the formula: Maximum permissible power ramp rate; The objective function is optimized under the given constraints to obtain the temporary execution power.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the communication between EMS and BMS is restored to normal, BMS will make a difference judgment between the temporary execution power and the latest execution power instruction issued by EMS. When the difference is less than a preset switching threshold, the system switches to EMS control. When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset switching threshold, the BMS gradually adjusts to the latest execution power command issued by the EMS according to the preset power ramp rate, and then switches to EMS control.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the input of the local edge scheduling submodule includes one or more of the following: the most recent effective power command issued by the EMS before the communication failure, the current output power of the energy storage system, the locally collected SOC, temperature, voltage, current, SOH, and fault status. The power constraint range includes the upper limit of charging power constraint and the upper limit of discharging power constraint.

[0022] This invention proposes a hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control system for EMS-BMS, applied to the above-mentioned method, comprising: The data acquisition unit is used to collect operating status data of the energy storage system; The EMS decision unit is used to generate an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data. The BMS evaluation unit is used to calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to the EMS decision unit. The EMS decision unit is also used to receive the power constraint range as a hard constraint, re-optimize and solve the problem based on the initial reference power, obtain the constrained power command, and send it to the BMS. The BMS power fusion unit is used to perform safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command. The heartbeat monitoring unit is used to monitor the communication status between EMS and BMS; An edge scheduling unit is used to generate temporary execution power when the heartbeat monitoring unit determines that there is a communication abnormality; The switching execution unit is used to control the energy storage system to execute according to the execution power command when communication is normal; and to switch to the edge scheduling unit when communication is abnormal, to control the energy storage system to execute according to the temporary execution power. The communication unit includes a main communication link and a backup communication link; when the heartbeat monitoring unit detects an abnormality in the main communication link, the communication unit automatically switches to the backup communication link to maintain data interaction between the EMS and the BMS.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: This invention generates an initial reference power through the EMS, and the BMS independently calculates the maximum safe scheduling power and feeds back the power constraint range. This achieves a logical separation between the scheduling decision function and the safety assessment function, enabling the BMS to have nodes that can independently assess and actively feed back constraints, thereby reducing functional coupling at the architectural level. This invention forms a closed loop from capability assessment, constraint feedback, and instruction correction. The final output power instruction of the EMS is constrained by the safety boundary of the BMS during the generation process, fundamentally eliminating protective tripping or equipment damage triggered by scheduling instructions exceeding the equipment's tolerance capacity, and achieving a coordinated unity between scheduling objectives and safe operation.

[0024] This invention achieves dual-mode operation by setting up a heartbeat monitoring mechanism and a local edge scheduling submodule. When communication is normal, it executes the optimized instructions of the EMS. When communication is abnormal, the BMS autonomously generates temporary power takeover control, thus ensuring the continuous and safe operation of the energy storage system in the event of communication abnormality or host computer failure. This avoids the risk of system shutdown caused by the failure of a single communication node in traditional solutions.

[0025] This invention proactively calculates the maximum safe dispatch power and feeds back the power constraint range through the BMS, subjecting the EMS's power optimization process to real-time battery safety boundary constraints, thus reducing protection actions caused by dispatch commands exceeding the safe range. The BMS performs end-point safety verification and limiting processing on the constrained power commands, avoiding overcurrent, overtemperature, or over-discharge risks caused by state sampling delays or sudden changes in operating state. In the event of communication anomalies, the local edge dispatch submodule is activated, and a temporary execution power is generated by combining the most recent valid power command, local operating state, and power ramp-up rate constraints. This ensures that the energy storage system can maintain continuous, smooth, and safe power output even in the event of communication interruption or EMS failure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0032] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0033] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0034] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0035] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control method for EMS-BMS, including the following steps: S1. Collect operational status data of the energy storage system; S2, EMS generates an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data; S3 and BMS calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to EMS. S4. The EMS uses the received power constraint range as a hard constraint, and re-optimizes the solution based on the initial reference power to obtain the constrained power command and sends it to the BMS. S5. The BMS performs safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command; S6. The communication status is monitored using a heartbeat mechanism. When the communication between EMS and BMS is normal, the energy storage system executes according to the execution power command. When the communication between EMS and BMS is abnormal, the BMS starts the local edge scheduling submodule, which is used to generate temporary execution power, and the energy storage system executes according to the temporary execution power.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Step 1: In this embodiment, the operating status data of the energy storage system is collected. The operating status data includes the power and voltage of the energy storage system grid connection point, the terminal voltage of the stack module, the state of charge of the battery cells, the cell temperature, and the charging and discharging current, etc.

[0039] The collected operational status data is transmitted to the EMS (Energy Management System) and BMS (Battery Management System) respectively. In some embodiments, data collection is performed according to the scheduling cycle of the EMS, for example, once every 100ms to 500ms. At the same time, the BMS independently samples local operational status data at a higher frequency (e.g., every 10ms to 50ms) to meet the time resolution requirements of safety monitoring. The collected data is provided to both the EMS and the BMS at the same time, so that the two systems can make their own decisions and evaluations based on the same set of real-time data, avoiding decision bias caused by data asynchrony.

[0040] Step 2: The EMS generates an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data collected in Step 1. The economic operation target in this embodiment includes requirements such as power tracking according to grid dispatch instructions. The EMS in this embodiment stores a preset optimized dispatch model, which comprehensively considers factors such as the current electricity price signal, load forecast, battery state of charge, and system efficiency curve. When the collected data is input into the model, the initial reference power is obtained by solving the problem. The initial reference power in this embodiment represents the ideal power output value that the EMS expects to achieve from the perspective of grid dispatch and economy.

[0041] Step 3: Based on the operating status data collected in Step 1, the BMS calculates the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint, and health state constraint, respectively. Then, it takes the minimum value among these four power values ​​as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and uses this maximum safe dispatch power to form a power constraint interval that is fed back to the energy management system.

[0042] Specifically, the power value corresponding to the state of charge constraint is calculated according to the formula:

[0043] In the formula: P soc The power value corresponding to the state of charge constraint; SOC is the current state of charge of the battery. min The preset minimum state of charge; k soc This is the state-of-charge constraint weighting coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 1. The physical meaning of this formula is that the closer the state of charge is to the preset minimum value, the smaller the allowed output power, thus preventing irreversible electrode damage caused by over-discharge of the battery.

[0044] In this example, the power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint is:

[0045] In the formula: P temp The power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint; T max The maximum permissible operating temperature for the energy storage system is T, where T is the current detected temperature; k t This is the temperature constraint weighting coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 1. The physical meaning of this formula is that as the battery temperature rises and approaches the maximum allowable temperature, this power value decreases accordingly. The system actively reduces its output power to suppress further heat accumulation, thereby preventing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0046] In the example, the power value corresponding to the current constraint is:

[0047] In the formula: P current V represents the power value corresponding to the current constraint; V is the current DC-side voltage or stack terminal voltage of the energy storage system; I limit This is the maximum permissible charging and discharging current.

[0048] The power value corresponding to the health state constraint is:

[0049] In the formula: P soh P represents the power value corresponding to the state of health constraint; SOH is the battery health state parameter, characterizing the degree of increase in battery internal resistance and capacity decay. rated This is the rated power of the energy storage system. This power value is adjusted to prevent aging batteries from operating at full power for extended periods, which would accelerate their degradation.

[0050] BMS takes the minimum of the four power boundary candidate values ​​as the maximum safe dispatch power, denoted as . .

[0051] Subsequently, the BMS uses this maximum safe scheduling power to construct a power constraint interval. Feedback is sent to the EMS. In this embodiment, the power constraint interval is a bidirectional interval symmetrical about zero, wherein... This indicates the current maximum allowable discharge power amplitude. This indicates the maximum allowable charging power amplitude. This power constraint range is recalculated and uploaded by the BMS in each control cycle to ensure that the EMS always makes decisions based on the latest and most accurate battery status.

[0052] Step 4: The EMS uses the received power constraint range as a hard constraint and the initial reference power generated in Step 2 as a benchmark to re-optimize and solve the problem, obtaining the constrained power command and sending it to the BMS. The specific implementation method is as follows: EMS first determines whether the initial reference power is within the power constraint range. If the initial reference power falls within this range, it means that the power demand is within the current battery safety capacity range, and the EMS can directly output the initial reference power as the constrained power command.

[0053] If the initial reference power falls outside this range, it indicates that the power demand exceeds the battery's current safe tolerance. In this case, the EMS aims to minimize the deviation between the initial reference power and the output power command. It performs a limiting process within the power constraint range, projecting the initial reference power onto the nearest interval boundary value to obtain the constrained power command. Through this constraint projection process, the EMS's final output power command is strictly limited to the battery's current safe operating range, fundamentally preventing the scheduling command from exceeding the equipment's tolerance. After solving the problem, the EMS sends the constrained power command to the BMS via the communication link.

[0054] Step 5: The BMS performs safety verification and limiting processing on the constrained power command received in Step 4 to obtain the power command to be executed. Specifically, the BMS first obtains the current local operating status data of the energy storage system. The local operating status data includes at least one or more of the following: state of charge, temperature, voltage, current, health status, and fault status.

[0055] Based on local operating status data, the BMS redetermines the current safe power range. Since the operating status data used by the EMS in step four has undergone communication transmission after collection, there is a certain time delay. However, the data obtained locally by the BMS has higher timeliness. Therefore, redetermining the safe power range can cover the possible status changes that may occur from data collection to command issuance.

[0056] Subsequently, the BMS determines whether the constrained power command is within the current safe power range. If so, the constrained power command is directly output as the execution power command. If not, the constrained power command is limited to fall within the current safe power range, and the limited power value is used as the execution power command. Furthermore, when the BMS detects fault conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, or communication anomalies in the energy storage system, it further derated the execution power command or directly switches to a preset fault protection power to ensure the energy storage system can still operate safely under abnormal conditions. Through this step, even if the EMS issues an over-limit command due to state sampling delay or calculation error, the BMS can still execute it at the last step for protection, forming a double protection mechanism.

[0057] Step Six: The EMS and BMS monitor communication status using a heartbeat mechanism. When communication is normal, the energy storage system executes power output according to the power output command generated in step S5. When communication is abnormal, the battery management system activates the local edge scheduling submodule, which generates temporary power output, and the energy storage system outputs power according to the temporary power output.

[0058] The specific implementation of the heartbeat mechanism in this embodiment includes the EMS and BMS sending heartbeat messages to each other according to a preset heartbeat period, which is set to 50ms to 100ms. If either party fails to receive a heartbeat message from the other within N consecutive heartbeat periods, it is determined to be a communication anomaly, where N is a preset positive integer, typically 3 to 5. The communication anomalies in this embodiment include at least one or more of the following: communication delay exceeding a preset delay threshold, consecutive packet loss exceeding a preset packet loss threshold, physical interruption of the communication link, or failure of the energy management system. When a communication anomaly occurs, the EMS may be unable to issue power commands normally, or the issued commands may be unreliable. In this case, the BMS needs to make independent decisions to maintain the continuous operation of the system.

[0059] This embodiment generates temporary execution power through a local edge scheduling submodule, as detailed below: First, we construct an objective function with the local output power decision variable as the optimization variable, as shown in the following expression:

[0060] In the formula: The local output power calculated for the local edge scheduling submodule; λ represents the local target tracking power; λ is the gradient penalty weighting coefficient. t represents the ramp rate; t represents the control time.

[0061] The first term in the above formula This is used to minimize the deviation between local output power and target tracking power, ensuring that the BMS can still track grid dispatching needs and maintain grid connection stability after disconnecting from the EMS; the second item Used to limit the power ramp-up rate and prevent drastic changes in local output power from causing frequency surges in the power grid.

[0062] In addition, this embodiment also includes a power ramp rate constraint, which is as follows:

[0063] In the formula: The maximum allowable power ramp rate is preferably set to 5% to 20% of the rated power of the energy storage system per second. Under this constraint, the objective function can be optimized to obtain the temporary execution power.

[0064] It should be noted that the inputs of the local edge scheduling submodule include the most recent valid power command issued by the EMS before the communication failure, the current output power of the energy storage system, and information such as the state of charge, temperature, voltage, current, health status and fault status collected locally. All of these inputs together provide the initial values ​​and boundary conditions for the generation of temporary execution power.

[0065] During communication anomalies, the BMS also performs fault protection operations. Specifically, the BMS further restricts the temporary execution power generated by the local edge scheduling submodule within a preset safe power range. This ensures that even if the local edge scheduling submodule malfunctions or the external reference power is incorrect, the system's output power remains within an absolutely safe physical range.

[0066] When communication between EMS and BMS returns to normal, the system needs to smoothly switch back to EMS from local control. The BMS first compares the temporary execution power currently output by the local edge scheduling submodule with the latest execution power command issued by the EMS. When this difference is less than a preset switching threshold, it indicates that the power values ​​are quite close, and the BMS directly switches back to EMS control mode.

[0067] When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset switching threshold, direct switching may cause a power jump. At this time, the BMS gradually adjusts the output power according to the preset power ramp rate, so that it gradually transitions to the latest execution power command issued by the EMS. After the smooth transition is completed, it switches back to EMS control, which effectively avoids the power jump at the moment of mode switching and ensures the continuity and stability of system operation.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, the inputs to the local edge scheduling submodule also include the most recent valid power command issued by the energy management system before the communication anomaly, and the current output power of the energy storage system. The purpose is that when a communication anomaly occurs, the local edge scheduling submodule can make fine adjustments based on the most recent valid command, rather than recalculating from scratch, thereby ensuring the continuity and smoothness of power output. Furthermore, the power constraint range includes both an upper limit for charging power constraints and an upper limit for discharging power constraints, making the constraint information more complete and covering both charging and discharging operating conditions that may occur during the operation of the energy storage system.

[0069] This embodiment also proposes a hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control system for EMS-BMS, including: The data acquisition unit is used to collect operating status data of the energy storage system; The EMS decision unit is used to generate an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data. The BMS evaluation unit is used to calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to the EMS decision unit. The EMS decision unit is also used to receive the power constraint range as a hard constraint, re-optimize and solve the problem based on the initial reference power, obtain the constrained power command, and send it to the BMS. The BMS power fusion unit is used to perform safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command. The heartbeat monitoring unit is used to monitor the communication status between EMS and BMS; An edge scheduling unit is used to generate temporary execution power when the heartbeat monitoring unit determines that there is a communication abnormality; The switching execution unit is used to control the energy storage system to execute according to the execution power command when communication is normal; and to switch to the edge scheduling unit when communication is abnormal, to control the energy storage system to execute according to the temporary execution power. The communication unit includes a main communication link and a backup communication link; when the heartbeat monitoring unit detects an abnormality in the main communication link, the communication unit automatically switches to the backup communication link to maintain data interaction between the EMS and the BMS.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the communication unit between the EMS and BMS adopts a primary-backup dual-link redundancy structure. During normal operation, data flows through the primary communication link, while heartbeat messages are sent simultaneously through both the primary and backup links. When the heartbeat monitoring unit detects an anomaly in the primary communication link, the communication unit automatically switches to the backup communication link to maintain data interaction between the energy management system and the battery management system. This dual-link redundancy design significantly reduces the probability of single-point failures in the communication links, ensuring the reliability of power command issuance and constraint interval feedback, reducing the frequency of edge autonomy triggered by physical link interruptions, and improving the overall operational continuity of the system.

[0071] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0072] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A hierarchical decoupling and fusion collaborative control method for EMS-BMS, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect operational status data of the energy storage system; S2, EMS generates an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data; S3 and BMS calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to EMS. S4. The EMS uses the received power constraint range as a hard constraint, and re-optimizes the solution based on the initial reference power to obtain the constrained power command and sends it to the BMS. S5. The BMS performs safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command; S6. The communication status is monitored using a heartbeat mechanism. When the communication between EMS and BMS is normal, the energy storage system executes according to the execution power command. When the communication between EMS and BMS is abnormal, the BMS starts the local edge scheduling submodule, which is used to generate temporary execution power, and the energy storage system executes according to the temporary execution power.

2. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power value corresponding to the state-of-charge constraint in S3 is: The power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint is: The power value corresponding to the current constraint is: The power value corresponding to the health state constraint is: In the formula: P soc P represents the power value corresponding to the state of charge constraint. temp P represents the power value corresponding to the upper temperature limit constraint. current P represents the power value corresponding to the current constraint. soh The power value corresponding to the health state constraint; SOC is the current state of charge of the battery. min The preset minimum state of charge; k soc and k t The preset constraint weight coefficients range from 0.1 to 1; T max T represents the maximum permissible operating temperature of the energy storage system; V represents the current detected temperature; and I represents the current DC-side voltage or stack terminal voltage of the energy storage system. limit The maximum allowable charge / discharge current; SOH is the battery health state parameter, P rated This refers to the rated power of the energy storage system.

3. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the solution is re-optimized based on the initial reference power to obtain the constrained power command, including: Determine whether the initial reference power is within the power constraint range; If so, the initial reference power will be used as the constrained power command; If not, the goal is to minimize the deviation between the initial reference power and the output power command, and the power constraint range is used as a hard constraint for amplitude limiting to obtain the constrained power command. The constrained power command is sent to the BMS.

4. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing safety verification and limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command includes: The BMS acquires local operating status data of the current energy storage system, which includes at least one or more of the following: SOC, temperature, voltage, current, SOH, and fault status. BMS redetermines the current safe power range based on the local operating status data; Determine whether the power command after the constraint is within the current safe power range; If so, the constrained power command will be used as the execution power command; If not, the constrained power command is limited to fall within the current safe power range, and the limited power is used as the execution power command. When an overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, or communication anomaly is detected in the energy storage system, the BMS will derate the power command or switch to fault protection power.

5. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heartbeat mechanism in S6 includes: The EMS and the BMS send heartbeat messages to each other according to a preset heartbeat cycle; if either party fails to receive a heartbeat message from the other party within N consecutive heartbeat cycles, it is determined to be a communication abnormality. The heartbeat cycle is 50ms to 100ms, and N is a preset positive integer; The communication anomaly includes at least one of the following: communication delay exceeding a preset delay threshold, consecutive packet loss exceeding a preset packet loss threshold, physical interruption of the communication link, or EMS failure.

6. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, when the communication between the EMS and BMS is abnormal, the BMS also performs fault protection: clamping the temporary execution power within a preset safe power range. This is to ensure that the output power of the energy storage system remains within a safe range.

7. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The local edge scheduling submodule in S6 is used to generate temporary execution power, including: Construct an objective function with the local output power decision variable as the optimization variable, as shown in the following expression: In the formula: The local output power calculated for the local edge scheduling submodule; λ represents the local target tracking power; λ is the ramp rate penalty weighting coefficient. t represents the gradient rate; t represents the control time. The power ramp rate constraint is set as follows: In the formula: Maximum permissible power ramp rate; The objective function is optimized under the given constraints to obtain the temporary execution power.

8. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When communication between EMS and BMS returns to normal, BMS will compare the temporary execution power with the latest execution power command issued by EMS to determine the difference. When the difference is less than a preset switching threshold, the system switches to EMS control. When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset switching threshold, the BMS gradually adjusts to the latest execution power command issued by the EMS according to the preset power ramp rate, and then switches to EMS control.

9. The EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inputs of the local edge scheduling submodule include the most recent valid power command issued by the EMS before the communication failure, the current output power of the energy storage system, and one or more of the locally collected SOC, temperature, voltage, current, SOH, and fault status. The power constraint range includes the upper limit of charging power constraint and the upper limit of discharging power constraint.

10. An EMS-BMS hierarchical decoupling fusion and collaborative control system, applied to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition unit is used to collect operating status data of the energy storage system; The EMS decision unit is used to generate an initial reference power based on the preset economic operation target and the operation status data. The BMS evaluation unit is used to calculate the power values ​​corresponding to the state of charge constraint, upper temperature limit constraint, current constraint and health state constraint respectively based on the operating status data. The minimum value among the corresponding power values ​​is taken as the maximum safe dispatch power allowed by the energy storage system at the current moment, and the power constraint interval formed by the maximum safe dispatch power is fed back to the EMS decision unit. The EMS decision unit is also used to receive the power constraint range as a hard constraint, re-optimize and solve the problem based on the initial reference power, obtain the constrained power command, and send it to the BMS. The BMS power fusion unit is used to perform safety verification and amplitude limiting on the constrained power command to obtain the execution power command. The heartbeat monitoring unit is used to monitor the communication status between EMS and BMS; An edge scheduling unit is used to generate temporary execution power when the heartbeat monitoring unit determines that there is a communication abnormality; The switching execution unit is used to control the energy storage system to execute according to the execution power command when communication is normal; and to switch to the edge scheduling unit when communication is abnormal, to control the energy storage system to execute according to the temporary execution power. The communication unit includes a main communication link and a backup communication link; when the heartbeat monitoring unit detects an abnormality in the main communication link, the communication unit automatically switches to the backup communication link to maintain data interaction between the EMS and the BMS.

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