Nuclear fusion device power supply system, power supply control method, and energy management device

Abstract

The application discloses a nuclear fusion device power supply system, a power supply control method and an energy management device, and relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion hybrid super-capacitor power supply. The system comprises a power grid power supply branch, a hybrid super-capacitor energy storage branch connected in parallel to a common AC bus by adopting a high-voltage cascade topology, a pulse load branch connected to the bus, and a control system. The power grid power supply branch outputs steady-state power, the hybrid super-capacitor energy storage branch outputs pulse power and provides millisecond-level support or absorbs sudden energy in response to load mutation, and the control system executes a collaborative distribution strategy based on load demand. The application reduces pulse load impact, suppresses voltage drop tripping, reduces power grid peak dependence, and reduces transmission and transformation capacity and operation and maintenance costs through parallel cooperation of the power grid and the energy storage branch. Relying on the fast response characteristics of the all-power electronic energy storage, active and reactive power independent regulation is realized, the adaptability and flexibility of the system to complex working conditions are improved, and the safe and stable operation of the fusion device in the limited power grid scenario is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hybrid supercapacitive power supply technology for nuclear fusion, specifically to power supply systems, power supply control methods, and energy management devices for nuclear fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] The power supply system of a tokamak nuclear fusion device typically consists of an AC pulse power supply system, a rectifier power supply system, and a pulse load. Its power supply circuit is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the AC pulse power supply system provides the pulsed electrical energy required for the experiment. Existing AC pulse power supply schemes for large tokamak devices mainly include single flywheel energy storage power supply, flywheel energy storage and grid hybrid power supply, and grid power supply equipped with reactive power compensation devices.

[0003] Single flywheel energy storage solutions are limited by the physical limits and inertia of the mechanical rotor, resulting in a limited duration of energy release and difficulty in accurately tracking complex discharge waveforms, thus failing to meet the requirements of long-pulse operation. While hybrid power supply solutions combining flywheels and the grid alleviate the power gap to some extent, the nonlinear response speed of the flywheel and mechanical wear issues still leave blind spots when facing extremely high-slope power transients. Grid power supply solutions relying solely on reactive power compensation devices lack dynamic support for active power and are limited by the grid's short-circuit capacity, making them prone to deep voltage drops on the bus during sudden load increases. More critically, the aforementioned traditional solutions often use converter valves composed of thyristors or semi-controlled devices, which cannot achieve decoupled control of active and reactive power, making it difficult for the system to simultaneously maintain voltage stability and waveform quality during complex plasma discharge processes.

[0004] In future reactor-scale nuclear fusion device single-plasma experiments, the power supply system will face complex operating conditions such as high dynamic load impacts, long-duration high-power discharges, and high-power feeding. Hundreds of megawatts of power will flow back and forth between the source and load, and these high-power operating conditions can last for several minutes. Given the limited grid capacity, the power supply system needs reliable power regulation capabilities, especially power compensation capabilities that can last for several minutes.

[0005] Existing pulsed power supply systems for typical fusion devices are ill-suited to the future demands of fusion reactors for flexible adjustment of active and reactive power. Current system architectures cannot simultaneously meet multiple requirements, including long-duration high-power supply, suppression of instantaneous high-power load surges, and minute-level energy support. When faced with drastic power transients, existing systems are prone to grid voltage fluctuations. These voltage disturbances not only affect grid safety but are also directly transmitted to downstream magnet power supplies and auxiliary heating systems through the rectification stage. Due to the extremely high inductance of the poloidal and circumferential field coils in tokamak devices, even minor voltage distortions can lead to magnetic field instability, potentially causing uncontrolled plasma positioning or even rupture. Furthermore, traditional solutions lack effective energy absorption channels under sudden load shedding conditions. The resulting surge in AC bus voltage poses a serious threat to power electronic equipment and insulation materials, and may even trigger protection devices, jeopardizing the safe and stable operation of the device. In addition, simply increasing grid capacity to meet peak power demands would significantly increase the construction and maintenance costs of main transformers and transmission lines, resulting in severe resource waste and investment burden. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a power supply system, power supply control method, and energy management device for a nuclear fusion device. It solves the technical problems in the existing pulse power supply system for reactor-level nuclear fusion devices, such as the risk of grid disconnection due to excessive impact of pulse load on the power grid, the inability of the existing power supply architecture to simultaneously meet the requirements of long-term high-power power supply, instantaneous high-power load impact suppression, and minute-level energy support, and the difficulty in adapting to the flexible power adjustment requirements of fusion reactors.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a power supply system for a nuclear fusion device, comprising:

[0009] The power supply branch of the power grid is connected to the external power grid and outputs steady-state power through the common AC bus.

[0010] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch adopts a high-voltage cascaded topology and is connected in parallel to the common AC bus, configured to output pulse power;

[0011] A pulsed load branch, connected to the common AC bus, is configured to supply power to the load of the nuclear fusion device;

[0012] The control system is configured to execute a power allocation strategy based on the power demand of the pulse load to control the coordinated output power of the grid power supply branch and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch.

[0013] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is configured to provide power support in response to instantaneous power surges in pulsed loads and to absorb feedback energy in response to sudden unloading of pulsed loads.

[0014] A further optimization scheme is that the power allocation strategy executed by the control system includes a three-level energy scheduling mode:

[0015] During the pulse smoothing phase, the power grid supply branch is controlled to provide base load power;

[0016] During the instantaneous power surge phase, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to provide high power density transient support;

[0017] During the minute-level long pulse phase, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to provide continuous compensation with high energy density to fill the gap between the upper limit of the grid power supply branch output and the total demand of the pulse load.

[0018] A further optimized scheme is that the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch includes a power converter and a hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit. The power converter adopts a three-phase delta-connected modular multilevel converter structure, and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit is composed of hybrid supercapacitor cells with both high power density and high energy density connected in series and parallel.

[0019] A further optimization scheme is that the control system is also configured to, during the load unloading phase after the plasma discharge ends, control the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to absorb the regenerative energy released by the pulse load branch, and store the absorbed energy in the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit for use in the next discharge cycle.

[0020] A further optimization scheme is that the power converter is configured to adopt a carrier phase-shift modulation or nearest-level approximation modulation strategy to output a multi-level voltage waveform; the operating voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit is controlled within the range of 70% to 110% of the rated voltage to adapt to the deep charging and discharging requirements of pulse power.

[0021] A further optimization scheme is that the power grid supply branch includes a main power transformer and a high-voltage switchgear. The capacity of the main power transformer is configured according to the average steady-state power requirement of the nuclear fusion device, rather than according to the peak pulse power requirement of the nuclear fusion device.

[0022] A further optimized solution is that the pulse load branch includes a high-power rectifier power supply, which is connected to the common AC bus and configured to convert AC power into DC power to supply the toroidal field coil, the poloidal field coil, and the auxiliary heating system.

[0023] A further optimization scheme is that the control system is also configured to monitor the state of charge of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit in real time, and dynamically adjust the power allocation ratio in the three-level energy dispatch mode according to the state of charge, so as to maintain the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a power supply control method for use in the power supply system of the above-mentioned nuclear fusion device, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Obtain the pulsed load power demand of the nuclear fusion device and the real-time output status of the power grid supply branches;

[0026] Determine whether the power demand of the pulsed load exceeds a preset power grid constraint threshold;

[0027] If the limit is not exceeded, the power grid supply branch will provide full power, and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch will be kept in hot standby or charging state.

[0028] If the output exceeds the limit, the power supply branch of the grid will be controlled to output the maximum allowable power, and the output of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch will be controlled to output the differential power.

[0029] Under sudden load shedding conditions, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to absorb and feed back electrical energy.

[0030] Thirdly, this application provides an energy management device, comprising:

[0031] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire real-time power signals of pulsed loads and operating status signals of power grid branches;

[0032] The calculation module is configured to calculate power distribution instructions according to the power supply control method described above;

[0033] The instruction issuing module, configured as a power converter in a hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch, sends the power allocation instruction to achieve source-load power balance.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0035] By employing a parallel topology and coordinated power distribution strategy between the grid-connected power supply branch and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch, the instantaneous impact of pulsed loads on the external power grid is significantly reduced. This cuts off the direct power coupling path between the pulsed load and the grid, effectively suppressing grid voltage drops and the risk of circuit breaker tripping, thus ensuring the operational safety of the fusion device in scenarios with limited grid capacity. The rapid response characteristics of the energy storage branch effectively create a dynamic power buffer barrier between the grid and the load, making load changes perceived by the grid side more gradual.

[0036] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch relies on the high-voltage cascade structure and fast response characteristics to provide millisecond-level power support when the power of the pulse load changes suddenly, and absorb feedback energy when the load suddenly drops. It takes into account both instantaneous power smoothing and minute-level energy compensation needs, significantly reducing the system's dependence on the peak power of the grid, thereby reducing the redundancy of the main transformer and line capacity of the grid and reducing construction and operation and maintenance costs.

[0037] The energy storage system adopts a fully electric electronic topology. The fully electric electronic energy storage branches, combined with a hierarchical energy management strategy, enable independent and rapid adjustment of active and reactive power. Based on PWM algorithms and power regulation strategies, it achieves rapid control of active and reactive power. The system can flexibly respond to the reactive power support needs of the fusion device, improve the adaptability of the power supply system to the complex discharge conditions of the fusion device and the flexibility of power regulation, and ensure that pulse loads receive a stable and reliable power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] In the attached image:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the power supply circuit for a nuclear fusion device in the prior art;

[0041] Figure 2 A block diagram of a power supply system module for a nuclear fusion device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of the grid + HUC energy storage hybrid power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 4 A structural diagram of the HUC energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 5 The output result diagram is shown in the simulation model of the AC pulse power supply system based on the present invention, which is provided for the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] First, some of the technical terms used in this application will be explained to help those skilled in the art understand this application.

[0047] HUC: Hybrid Ultra-Capacitor;

[0048] MMC: Modular Multilevel Converter;

[0049] SOC: State of Charge;

[0050] PWM: Pulse Width Modulation.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a power supply system for a nuclear fusion device is provided. This system solves the problem of excessive impact on the power grid caused by pulsed loads from reactor-scale nuclear fusion devices by using a hybrid topology of the power grid and hybrid supercapacitors.

[0052] Specifically, the power supply system includes a grid power supply branch 100, a hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch 200, a pulse load branch 300, and a control system 400.

[0053] The power supply branch 100 connects to the external high-voltage distribution network and outputs steady-state power through the common AC bus. Its equipment includes a main power transformer, a high-voltage switchgear, an incoming line cabinet, a feeder cabinet, a busbar, and a secondary control room. The secondary control room enables the safe, stable, and reliable distribution of electrical energy from the upper-level substation to the pulse load center of the fusion device.

[0054] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch 200 adopts a high-voltage cascaded topology and is connected in parallel to the common AC bus. It is configured to output pulse power and is equipped with a filter to ensure the quality of the output power.

[0055] The pulse load branch 300 is connected to the common AC bus, and the AC power is converted into DC power by a high-power rectifier power supply to supply the main load of the nuclear fusion device, such as the toroidal field coil, the poloidal field coil, and the auxiliary heating system.

[0056] The control system 400 is configured to execute a cooperative power allocation strategy based on the real-time power demand of the pulse load.

[0057] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch 200 is configured to provide high power density transient support in response to instantaneous power surges in pulsed loads, and to absorb the regenerative energy released by the pulsed load branch 300 in response to load unloading after the plasma discharge ends, thereby avoiding energy impact on the power grid.

[0058] This embodiment achieves decoupling of source and load power by constructing a power supply architecture that connects the power grid and the hybrid supercapacitor, significantly reducing the risk of voltage drops and grid disconnection caused by megawatt-level pulse loads, and ensuring the safe operation of the fusion device.

[0059] In one embodiment, a specific control mode for the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system is provided, the core of which lies in performing refined three-level energy scheduling.

[0060] Specifically, this three-tiered energy dispatch mode is divided based on the characteristics of the fusion load at different discharge stages:

[0061] During the pulse smoothing phase, the pulse load power change rate is low, and the system operates in steady-state conditions. The control grid power supply branch provides the base load power, while the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is in hot standby or floating charge state, ready to respond to sudden commands at any time.

[0062] During the instantaneous power surge phase, corresponding to highly dynamic processes such as plasma breakdown or mode switching, the load power undergoes drastic changes on the time scale. The control of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch provides high power density transient support, utilizing the millisecond-level response speed of the energy storage medium to smooth high-frequency power fluctuations and prevent instantaneous voltage drops in the grid.

[0063] During the minute-level long pulse phase, the plasma discharge enters the flat-top phase, and the load power is maintained at a high level. The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to provide long-term continuous compensation. The large capacity and high energy density of the energy storage unit are used to fill the gap between the upper limit of the grid power supply branch output and the total demand of the pulse load.

[0064] Through the coordinated operation of the above three levels, the system achieves refined energy management at different time scales and power levels.

[0065] Furthermore, during the load shedding phase, the control system also controls the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to absorb and recycle energy, thereby achieving energy recovery and utilization.

[0066] Specifically, based on Figure 5 The simulation results shown correspond to the four stages of plasma discharge in the power distribution process:

[0067] Process 1: The pulsed load power PL continues to rise according to the plasma discharge waveform demand. At this time, the entire power curve runs smoothly, and the steady-state power PG is provided by the grid branch.

[0068] Process 2: As the plasma discharge process enters a new stage, the pulse load power PL experiences a sudden power change. At this time, the power curve exhibits violent fluctuation characteristics. This part of the instantaneous power fluctuation is borne by the HUC energy storage system branch, and the borne part is PESS.

[0069] Process 3: The load power PL gradually increases to its maximum value. The power curve trend is flat in this part, but at a certain moment the load power exceeds the grid power constraint. At this time, the grid provides power according to its maximum constraint value PGmax. The excess is compensated by the HUC energy storage system, and the compensation part is PESS.

[0070] Process 4: The plasma discharge enters the final stage. At this time, a sudden load unloading occurs. Through the power regulation strategy of the HUC energy storage system, most of the power released by the pulsed load flows through the HUC energy storage system branch.

[0071] Wherein, PL represents the pulse load power, PG represents the grid power, and PESS represents the energy storage system power. This embodiment fully leverages the advantages of hybrid supercapacitors—both high power and high energy density—through a three-level energy dispatch strategy, effectively resolving the contradiction that existing power supply systems cannot simultaneously meet the demands of long-term high-power supply and instantaneous impact suppression, thus achieving flexible power adjustment.

[0072] In one embodiment, a hardware topology and configuration scheme for a hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch in the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system are provided.

[0073] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch adopts a high-voltage cascaded topology and is connected in parallel to a common AC bus, configured to output pulse power.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, from a system perspective, this branch is connected to the busbar via circuit breaker QF and disconnector QS. Its typical structure includes two parallel HUC subsystems. Each HUC subsystem consists of an HUC module, a current-limiting resistor R, and a contactor KM. Its core function is to provide millisecond-level support in response to instantaneous power surges in pulsed loads and to absorb feedback energy during sudden load shedding.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, from an internal hardware perspective, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch includes a power converter and hybrid supercapacitor energy storage units. The power converter adopts a three-phase delta-connected modular multilevel converter (MMC) structure, composed of multiple independent power units cascaded together. Each power unit specifically consists of a DC interface, power devices and a control unit, and an energy storage unit. The DC interface is connected to the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit; the control unit, as part of the overall control system, is responsible for real-time monitoring of the state of charge (SOC) and executing PWM modulation algorithms and a three-level energy dispatch strategy. A filter is configured on the AC side of the power converter to filter out high-frequency harmonics, ensuring that the output power quality meets the power supply requirements of the nuclear fusion device.

[0076] The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit consists of a series-parallel array of hybrid supercapacitors (HUCs) with both high power density and high energy density. This unique electrochemical characteristic enables it to withstand millisecond-level power surges while supporting minute-level energy releases. Simultaneously, under the unified scheduling of the control system, the power converter achieves bidirectional flow of AC and DC power and precise control of the voltage waveform.

[0077] This embodiment, by employing a modular cascaded high-voltage topology, not only improves the system's voltage level and capacity but also facilitates flexible adaptation to the needs of nuclear fusion devices of different scales by increasing or decreasing the number of power units, thereby enhancing the system's scalability and maintainability. In one embodiment, an energy recovery mechanism is provided for the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system during load shedding phases.

[0078] Specifically, the control system is configured to monitor the plasma discharge process. When the discharge enters the final stage, the pulse load power drops rapidly, and the high-power rectifier generates a large amount of regenerative energy. At this time, the control system immediately controls the power converter of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to adjust its operating mode, switching from the discharge state to the charging state, absorbing the regenerative energy released by the pulse load branch, and storing the absorbed energy in the individual capacitors of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit.

[0079] Furthermore, the recovered energy can be used to power the next discharge cycle, thereby reducing the energy drawn from the grid and lowering operating costs.

[0080] This embodiment actively absorbs and feeds back energy during the load shedding phase, avoiding the impact of energy backflow on the power grid, while realizing the recycling of energy and improving the energy efficiency and economy of the entire power supply system.

[0081] In one embodiment, a modulation strategy for the power converter and an operation control scheme for the energy storage unit in the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system are provided.

[0082] Specifically, the real-time control system monitors the energy storage status and executes PWM control algorithms and power distribution strategies. The power converter is configured to employ carrier phase-shift modulation or nearest-level approximation modulation strategies, with its built-in controller executing pulse width modulation algorithms to output multi-level voltage waveforms. These two modulation strategies effectively increase the equivalent switching frequency of the output voltage, thereby obtaining a near-sinusoidal multi-level voltage waveform at the output, significantly reducing harmonic content and minimizing pollution to the power grid. The operating voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit is controlled within the range of 70% to 110% of the rated voltage.

[0083] The wider operating voltage range is designed to meet the needs of deep charging and discharging of pulsed power, ensuring that voltage drops during long pulse discharge do not affect power output, while having sufficient capacity to absorb feedback energy during sudden discharge.

[0084] This embodiment ensures high-quality power output from the power supply system through optimized modulation strategies and wide-range voltage control, while maximizing the energy storage of the hybrid supercapacitor and improving the system's dynamic response and operational stability.

[0085] In one embodiment, a capacity optimization configuration scheme for the power grid supply branch in the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system is provided.

[0086] Specifically, the capacity of the main power transformer in the power grid supply branch is not configured according to the peak pulse power requirement of the nuclear fusion device, but rather according to the average steady-state power requirement of the nuclear fusion device within a complete discharge cycle. The power grid supply branch includes the main power transformer, high-voltage switchgear, incoming line cabinet, feeder cabinet, busbar, and secondary control room. The integrated secondary control room ensures the safe, stable, and compliant distribution of power from the upstream substation to the pulse load center of the fusion device. The power grid supply branch also integrates a secondary control room to ensure the safe, stable, and compliant distribution of power from the upstream substation.

[0087] Furthermore, the design of high-voltage switching stations and line cross-sections only needs to meet the steady-state power transmission requirements, without reserving excessive peak power redundancy.

[0088] This embodiment significantly reduces the construction cost and land area of ​​power transmission and transformation equipment by rationally configuring the capacity of power grid branches, and solves the problem of resource waste in traditional power supply schemes, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0089] In one embodiment, the specific configuration of the pulse load branch in the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system is provided.

[0090] Specifically, the pulsed load branch includes a high-power rectified power supply connected to a common AC bus, configured to convert AC power into controllable DC power. The converted DC power supplies the toroidal field coils to establish a confinement magnetic field, the poloidal field coils to control the plasma position and shape, and the auxiliary heating system to increase the plasma temperature.

[0091] High-power rectifier power supplies typically employ thyristor or multilevel converter topologies, enabling them to rapidly adjust output current and voltage according to instructions from the control system.

[0092] This embodiment clarifies the location and function of the pulsed load branch in the power supply system, ensuring efficient energy transfer from the AC grid to the DC load and meeting the stringent requirements of nuclear fusion devices for magnetic fields and heating power.

[0093] In one embodiment, a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the state of charge is provided for the power supply system of the aforementioned nuclear fusion device.

[0094] Specifically, the control system is also configured to monitor the state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell and the entire hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit in real time. Based on the SOC level, the control system dynamically adjusts the power distribution ratio. For example, when the SOC is low, the system will appropriately limit the compensation power during long pulse phases or increase the output ratio of grid branches, while simultaneously initiating a charging mode to replenish the energy storage unit; when the SOC is high, the energy storage unit can be fully utilized to absorb sudden energy discharge.

[0095] Furthermore, the control system maintains the state of charge of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit within a reasonable window range through real-time adjustment, preventing overcharging or over-discharging.

[0096] This embodiment introduces a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on state of charge feedback, which ensures the long-term stable operation of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage system in multiple continuous discharge experiments, avoids system downtime due to improper energy management, and improves the reliability and durability of the power supply system.

[0097] Secondly, this application provides a power supply control method for the aforementioned nuclear fusion device power supply system, comprising the following steps:

[0098] Step S11: Obtain the pulse load power demand of the nuclear fusion device and the real-time output status of the power grid supply branch.

[0099] Specifically, the power demand is calculated by collecting the current and voltage signals of the pulse load branch through sensors, while the transmission power and voltage frequency status of the power grid branch are monitored.

[0100] Step S12: Compare the collected load power demand with the maximum allowable output power of the main transformer of the power grid to determine whether the pulse load power demand exceeds the preset power grid constraint threshold.

[0101] Step S13A: If the limit is not exceeded, control the grid power supply branch to provide full power and control the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to be in hot standby or charging state.

[0102] Specifically, during periods of low load, the power grid independently undertakes the power supply task and utilizes excess capacity to charge the hybrid supercapacitor, maintaining its state of charge.

[0103] Step S13B: If the power supply branch exceeds the limit, control the power grid supply branch to output the maximum allowable power and control the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to output the differential power.

[0104] Specifically, during peak load periods, the grid output is limited to within a threshold, and the shortfall is instantly made up by the hybrid supercapacity energy storage system to ensure that the load is met.

[0105] Step S14: Under the condition of sudden load unloading, control the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to absorb feedback power.

[0106] Specifically, when a rapid drop in load power is detected, the operating mode of the power converter is immediately switched to store energy in a capacitor to prevent the power grid from being impacted.

[0107] like Figure 5 As shown, the simulation model output results based on the control method of this application show that under the condition of drastic fluctuations in pulse load, the power output of the grid power supply branch is stable, while the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch can quickly and accurately track and compensate for the power deficit, verifying the effectiveness of this scheme.

[0108] This embodiment achieves seamless switching and coordinated operation between the power grid and the energy storage system by implementing the above control method, effectively suppressing pulse power fluctuations and ensuring reliable power supply to the nuclear fusion device under various operating conditions.

[0109] Thirdly, this application provides an energy management device that serves as the control center of a power supply system, enabling centralized data processing and command issuance, including a data acquisition module, a calculation module, and a command issuance module.

[0110] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire real-time power signals of pulsed loads and operating status signals of power grid branches, including voltage, current, power factor, and switching status.

[0111] The calculation module is configured to run the algorithm logic of the aforementioned power supply control method and calculate the optimal power allocation command based on the collected data.

[0112] The instruction issuing module is configured to send power allocation instructions to the power converter of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch.

[0113] The command issuance uses a high-speed communication bus to ensure real-time control and achieve instantaneous balance of source and load power.

[0114] This embodiment achieves integrated monitoring and automated scheduling of the power supply system through an integrated energy management device, improving the system's intelligence level, reducing manual intervention, and ensuring the smooth progress of nuclear fusion experiments.

[0115] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply system for a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, include: The power supply branch of the power grid is connected to the external power grid and outputs steady-state power through the common AC bus. The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch adopts a high-voltage cascaded topology and is connected in parallel to the common AC bus, configured to output pulse power; A pulsed load branch, connected to the common AC bus, is configured to supply power to the load of the nuclear fusion device; The control system is configured to execute a power allocation strategy based on the power demand of the pulse load to control the coordinated output power of the grid power supply branch and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch. The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is configured to provide power support in response to instantaneous power surges in pulsed loads and to absorb feedback energy in response to sudden unloading of pulsed loads.

2. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power allocation strategy executed by the control system includes three levels of energy dispatch modes: During the pulse smoothing phase, the power grid supply branch is controlled to provide base load power; During the instantaneous power surge phase, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to provide high power density transient support; During the minute-level long pulse phase, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to provide continuous compensation with high energy density to fill the gap between the upper limit of the grid power supply branch output and the total demand of the pulse load.

3. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch includes a power converter and a hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit. The power converter adopts a three-phase delta-connected modular multilevel converter structure, and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit is composed of hybrid supercapacitor cells with both high power density and high energy density connected in series and parallel.

4. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control system is also configured to, during the load unloading phase after the plasma discharge ends, control the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch to absorb the regenerative energy released by the pulse load branch and store the absorbed energy in the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit for use in the next discharge cycle.

5. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power converter is configured to employ a carrier phase-shift modulation or nearest-level approximation modulation strategy to output a multi-level voltage waveform; the operating voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit is controlled within the range of 70% to 110% of the rated voltage.

6. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power grid supply branch includes a main power transformer and a high-voltage switchgear. The capacity of the main power transformer is configured according to the average steady-state power requirements of the nuclear fusion device.

7. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse load branch includes a high-power rectifier power supply connected to the common AC bus, configured to convert AC power into DC power to supply the toroidal field coil, the poloidal field coil, and the auxiliary heating system.

8. The power supply system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control system is also configured to monitor the state of charge of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage unit in real time and dynamically adjust the power allocation ratio in the three-level energy dispatch mode according to the state of charge.

9. A power supply control method, used in a nuclear fusion device power supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the pulsed load power demand of the nuclear fusion device and the real-time output status of the power grid supply branches; Determine whether the power demand of the pulsed load exceeds a preset power grid constraint threshold; If the limit is not exceeded, the power grid supply branch will provide full power, and the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch will be kept in hot standby or charging state. If the output exceeds the limit, the power supply branch of the grid will be controlled to output the maximum allowable power, and the output of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch will be controlled to output the differential power. Under sudden load shedding conditions, the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch is controlled to absorb and feed back electrical energy.

10. An energy management device, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire real-time power signals of pulsed loads and operating status signals of power grid branches; The calculation module is configured to calculate power allocation instructions according to the power supply control method described in claim 9; The instruction issuing module is configured to send the power allocation instruction to the power converter of the hybrid supercapacitor energy storage branch.

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