Multi-energy collaborative control method for grid-connected side electrical system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of combined heat and power grid-connected regulation and control, and discloses a kind of multi-energy collaborative regulation and control methods for grid-connected side electrical system. Active power at grid-connected point, dispatching target, heat extraction amount, heat load and the operating state of two types of energy storage are obtained. When grid-connected power deviates from the target, electrochemical energy storage is compensated first, and the heat extraction amount is adjusted by changing the heat sharing amount through heat storage equipment. The unadjusted amount of the unit electric power that has not been reflected in the grid-connected point is reserved for the heat side adjustment. The net adjustment obligation record and the physical batch record that has entered the heat process are distinguished. Combined with the change of heat load, the effective heat storage and release change is separated. The actual arrival amount is confirmed by the change of extraction amount and the subsequent unit power response in batches, and the pre-compensation is exited accordingly. The reverse unit power generated by the recovery of heat storage is continued to be included in the unadjusted amount, and the electrochemical energy storage is recovered according to the remaining grid-connected power margin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grid-connected regulation and multi-type energy storage coordinated control technology for cogeneration units, and particularly to a multi-energy coordinated regulation method for grid-connected electrical systems. Background Technology

[0002] Cogeneration units, while undertaking the task of regulating the active power of the power grid, also need to meet the demand for continuous heating. For extraction-heating units, changes in the amount of steam extracted for heating will alter the amount of steam entering the subsequent power stages of the turbine, thus causing a corresponding change in the unit's output active power. With the configuration of thermal storage equipment, the unit can handle part of the heating or absorb some of the heat, allowing for adjustments to the extraction steam amount while maintaining heat balance on the user side. This enables heat-side regulation to participate in grid-connected active power regulation.

[0003] On the other hand, electrochemical energy storage devices have a faster charge and discharge power response capability, and can quickly change their own power when the active power at the grid connection point deviates from the dispatch target, in order to compensate for the power response that has not yet been formed in the thermal side regulation and turbine power generation process of the cogeneration unit. Thus, thermal storage devices and electrochemical energy storage devices can participate in grid connection regulation from the thermal side and the electrical side, respectively, but their response time scales, state recovery methods, and processes of action on the active power at the grid connection point are different.

[0004] In actual control, after changing the heat supply share of the thermal storage equipment, the heat extraction valve or heat supply circuit will activate first, and the actual heat extraction steam volume will change subsequently. However, the unit's power generation will only be reflected at the grid connection point after the steam flow is redistributed and the turbine's working state changes. Therefore, in the stage where the thermal control command has been issued but the power output has not yet been reflected, if the controller continues to issue adjustments in the same direction based solely on the current power deviation at the grid connection point, it is easy to double-count the promised but not yet achieved unit power changes, resulting in over-adjustment when the power arrives in concentrated succession.

[0005] Furthermore, the scheduling target may change or even reverse before the previous heat-side regulation has fully been achieved. In this case, the previous heat-side regulation may contain portions that have not yet resulted in actual changes in the steam extraction volume for heating and can still be withdrawn, or portions that have already changed in the steam extraction volume for heating but whose unit power output has not yet materialized and cannot be simply considered withdrawn. If these states are not distinguished and a new reverse regulation is directly formed based on the new deviation, the previous and subsequent regulations will overlap or conflict with each other.

[0006] Changes in the heating load itself can also alter the heat storage and release capacity of thermal storage equipment. For example, when the load on heat users increases, even without the intention of adjusting the unit's electrical power, the thermal storage equipment may need to increase heat release to maintain a heating balance. Therefore, the actual changes in heat storage and release capacity of thermal storage equipment cannot be directly equated to the regulatory effect of changing the amount of steam extracted for heating. Simultaneously, the active power of the unit may also be affected by independent factors such as the main active power control command and primary frequency regulation. Assuming that heat-side regulation has been reached solely based on changes in unit power may lead to premature termination of electrochemical energy storage compensation.

[0007] After a basic grid-connected power regulation is completed, thermal storage and electrochemical energy storage devices typically need to restore their energy state. The reverse restoration of thermal storage will again change the steam extraction rate for heating, resulting in a unit power change that is opposite to and hysteretic to the previous main regulation direction; the energy restoration of electrochemical energy storage devices will also change the active power at the grid connection point. If the restoration phase is still controlled independently and without memory, the unreached reverse unit power may overlap with the restored power of electrochemical energy storage, crowding out the allowable dispatch range. Therefore, a coordinated control method is needed that can continuously preserve and offset the impact of unreached power across basic regulation, reverse demand, compensation withdrawal, and energy restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems to solve the problems of repeated adjustment and erroneous write-off of unit power that has been issued but has not yet arrived when there is a lag in the response of the hot-side adjustment to the grid-connected power, as well as the power superposition that occurs during the reverse demand and energy storage recovery phases.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems. The system acquires the active power at the grid connection point, the dispatch target, the steam extraction volume and heating load of the cogeneration unit, and the operating status of the thermal storage equipment and electrochemical energy storage equipment. When the active power at the grid connection point deviates from the dispatch target, the electrochemical energy storage equipment compensates first and changes the heating share of the thermal storage equipment, so that the steam extraction volume changes in the direction corresponding to the change in target power. For the unit power regulation that has been issued but not yet reflected at the grid connection point, the unrealized regulation amount is retained. Subsequent demand is first merged or offset with the unrealized regulation amount, and the remaining part forms a new steam extraction regulation for heating. Based on the change in heating load, the part of the heat storage and release change used to change the steam extraction volume for heating is determined. When the steam extraction volume changes in the corresponding direction and the unit power generation subsequently responds in the direction of the change in target power, the actual arrival amount is confirmed, and the preliminary compensation is withdrawn according to the newly added actual arrival amount. When restoring the thermal storage state, the reverse unit power change that has not yet been reflected at the grid connection point is incorporated into the unrealized regulation amount, and the electrochemical energy storage state is restored within the grid connection power margin after deducting the unrealized regulation amount.

[0010] In one implementation, when it is necessary to increase the active power output of the cogeneration unit to the grid connection point, the heat release of the thermal storage device is increased to replace part of the direct heat supply of the cogeneration unit with the newly released heat, and the amount of steam extracted for heating is reduced within the current operating range of the unit; when it is necessary to reduce the active power output of the cogeneration unit to the grid connection point, the amount of steam extracted for heating is increased, and the heat that can be used for heat storage after meeting the current heating load is stored in the thermal storage device.

[0011] In one implementation, the heating load at the time of current heating steam extraction regulation is used as the reference heating load. The change in heat storage and release required to maintain the heating balance is determined based on the change in heating load relative to the reference heating load during the regulation period. The change in heat storage and release required to maintain the heating balance is deducted from the actual change in heat storage and release of the heat storage equipment. The remaining change in heat storage and release corresponding to the current heating steam extraction regulation is determined as the effective change in heat storage and release for changing the heating steam extraction rate. The corresponding target change in heating steam extraction rate is determined based on the effective change in heat storage and release.

[0012] In one implementation, after the effective heat storage and release change is formed, the actual heating steam extraction volume is obtained. Based on the correspondence between the heating steam extraction volume and the power generation under the current operating conditions of the cogeneration unit, the explainable power change corresponding to the change in actual heating steam extraction volume is determined. When the actual heating steam extraction volume first changes along the steam extraction adjustment direction corresponding to the target power change, and the unit's power generation subsequently changes along the target power change direction, the actual arrival volume is accumulated based on the change in unit power generation not exceeding the explained power change. The actual arrival volume is monotonically accumulated for each heating steam extraction adjustment batch. When the unit's power generation reaches the confirmed maximum response amplitude in the same direction again after a swing, no new actual arrival volume is formed. When no actual heating steam extraction volume change is formed, the actual arrival volume is not increased due to the unit's power generation change alone.

[0013] In one implementation, the unrealized regulation amount retained at the end of the previous control cycle is used as the initial unrealized regulation amount for the current control cycle. When the direction of the unit power change corresponding to subsequent demand is consistent with the direction of the unit power change corresponding to the initial unrealized regulation amount, the newly added unit power regulation amount undertaken by heating extraction steam regulation in the subsequent demand is incorporated into the initial unrealized regulation amount; when the direction of the unit power change corresponding to subsequent demand is opposite to the direction of the unit power change corresponding to the initial unrealized regulation amount, the initial unrealized regulation amount is first offset by subsequent demand, and only the remaining part of subsequent demand after offsetting the initial unrealized regulation amount forms reverse unit power regulation; and at the end of the current control cycle, the newly added actual arrival amount of the current control cycle is deducted from the unrealized regulation amount after merging or offsetting to obtain the unrealized regulation amount for the next control cycle.

[0014] In one implementation, when the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to subsequent demand is opposite to the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the initial unrealized regulation amount, the unrealized regulation amount after offsetting is saved as a net regulation obligation record. Based on this record, the portion of the previous heating steam extraction regulation that has not yet formed a corresponding actual heating steam extraction volume change is withdrawn. For the portion that has formed an actual heating steam extraction volume change but has not yet formed a corresponding unit power generation change, a separate physical pending batch record associated with the net regulation obligation record is retained. After the physical pending batch actually arrives, the net regulation obligation record is updated with the corresponding actual arrival amount. If the updated net regulation obligation turns reversed, a pullback heating steam extraction regulation without repeated increase in net regulation obligation is formed according to the reverse balance, and the electrochemical energy storage device bears the grid-connected power difference before the actual arrival of the pullback.

[0015] In one implementation, the increment of the cumulative actual arrival amount in the current control cycle relative to the cumulative actual arrival amount in the previous control cycle is determined. When the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the increment is consistent with the direction of the adjustment of unit power corresponding to the advance compensation of the electrochemical energy storage device, the compensation power of the electrochemical energy storage device is restored to the power state before the advance compensation started by an amount not exceeding the increment, and the unrealized adjustment amount corresponding to the increment is reduced simultaneously. When no new actual arrival amount is added in the current control cycle, the advance compensation that has not yet been withdrawn is maintained, and the compensation power is not reduced separately based on the adjustment duration. The same new actual arrival amount is only subject to one compensation withdrawal and one unrealized adjustment amount update.

[0016] In one implementation, after the difference between the actual arrival amount of a heating steam extraction regulation and the change in the target unit's electrical power corresponding to that heating steam extraction regulation enters the allowable deviation range, the heat to be restored is determined based on the offset of the thermal storage equipment relative to the thermal storage state before the start of that heating steam extraction regulation; a thermal storage recovery action is formed that is opposite to the direction of thermal storage and release during that heating steam extraction regulation; and the change in the reverse unit's electrical power corresponding to the thermal storage recovery action is determined based on the change in the heating steam extraction amount corresponding to the thermal storage recovery action and the correspondence between the heating steam extraction amount and the power generation under the current operating conditions; before the change in the reverse unit's electrical power actually reaches the grid connection point, the portion that has not yet reached is regarded as the unrealized regulation amount in the recovery phase.

[0017] In one implementation, the current available grid-connected power margin is determined based on the power distance between the active power at the grid connection point and the allowable range of variation of the scheduling target, along the direction of the energy recovery of the electrochemical energy storage device on the active power at the grid connection point. Unrealized adjustments during the recovery phase, as well as other unrealized adjustments along the stated direction that have not yet reached the grid connection point, are deducted from the current available grid-connected power margin, thus limiting the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage device with the remaining power margin. As the reverse unit's electrical power changes with the thermal storage recovery action, a new actual arrival amount is formed. When the direction of the reverse unit's electrical power change is consistent with the direction of the electrochemical energy storage device's recovery power on the active power at the grid connection point, the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage device is reduced according to the new actual arrival amount. When a new grid-connected power adjustment demand arises, the energy recovery of the electrochemical energy storage device is stopped, while the unrealized adjustments during the recovery phase that have not yet arrived are retained.

[0018] In one implementation, after the actual steam extraction volume changes, resulting in a change in the steam extraction regulation direction, the main active power control command and primary frequency regulation operation status of the cogeneration unit are obtained. When the main active power control command changes independently of the current steam extraction regulation, or when the primary frequency regulation operation status indicates that primary frequency regulation is in effect, an independent power source is determined to exist. If the independent power component corresponding to the independent power source can be obtained and reliably identified, the independent power component is deducted from the unit's power generation change at the same grid-connected metering boundary, and the actual arrival amount is confirmed based on the sequential response relationship of the actual steam extraction volume change preceding the unit's power generation response along the target direction. If the independent power component cannot be reliably obtained or separated, the actual arrival amount is not increased based on the unit's power generation change during the independent power source's operation, nor is the actual arrival amount retroactively calculated during the operation period. After the independent power source ends, a new comparison benchmark is formed using the unit's power generation at the end, which is time-aligned, and the actual arrival amount is increased only based on the sequential response relationship re-formed after the end. When there is no independent power source but the unit has not formed the aforementioned sequential response relationship, the most recently confirmed actual arrival amount and the remaining unrealized adjustment amount are maintained, and the addition of new heating steam extraction adjustment along the aforementioned extraction steam adjustment direction and the corresponding electrochemical energy storage advance compensation are stopped until the aforementioned sequential response relationship is re-formed, or it is verified that the corresponding heating steam extraction adjustment has been withdrawn.

[0019] Compared to the method of redistributing adjustment amounts cycle by cycle based solely on the current grid-connected power deviation, this invention continuously retains the impact of hot-side unit power that has been issued but not yet realized at the grid connection point as an unrealized adjustment amount, and ensures that subsequent demand, actual arrival confirmation, and electrochemical energy storage compensation exit are all updated around the same state quantity, thereby avoiding the repeated generation of adjustment commands for the same future unit power in multiple control cycles.

[0020] By separating the heat storage and release portion required for changes in heating load from the effective heat storage and release changes used to change the amount of steam extracted for heating, and further using the expected directional change in the actual amount of steam extracted for heating as the basis for arrival confirmation, followed by the unit's power generation response with the response amplitude constrained by the explainable power change, the interference of heating load disturbances, main active power changes, or other non-heat-side factors on the judgment of the actual arrival amount can be reduced, so that the withdrawal of electrochemical energy storage compensation corresponds to the actual formation of the physical action on the heat side.

[0021] When dispatch demand reverses, this invention distinguishes between the net adjustment obligation record used to update the current target and the physical batch arrival record used to retain the future impact of the thermodynamic process. The portion where extraction steam changes have not yet occurred can be withdrawn; the portion where extraction steam has changed but electrical power has not yet arrived is not deleted due to algebraic cancellation, but forms a corresponding callback when it arrives and reverses the net adjustment obligation. By combining the batch monotonic accumulation of actual arrivals with only one write-off for the same increment, physical omissions, repeated counting of power swings, and repeated withdrawals of electrochemical energy storage compensation in reverse demand can be reduced.

[0022] During the energy recovery phase, the future reverse unit power caused by thermal storage recovery re-enters the unrealized regulation amount and pre-occupies the grid-connected power margin available for electrochemical energy storage recovery. As this reverse power actually arrives, the electrochemical energy storage recovery power in the same direction is correspondingly reduced. Thus, basic regulation, reverse demand, compensation withdrawal, and energy storage recovery form a continuous state chain, which is conducive to maintaining the active power at the grid connection point within the dispatchable range while meeting heating constraints. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention are briefly described below. The drawings are used to express the relationships between various controlled objects, state variables, and processing flows.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control objects and information interaction relationships provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for determining the effective heat storage and release changes and confirming the actual arrival amount provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the unrealized cross-cycle merging, offsetting, and reverse adjustment of the adjustment amount provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are used to illustrate the implementation path of the present invention and do not imply that a unique device model, controller deployment location, or fixed parameters must be used.

[0029] This invention is applicable to combined heat and power (CHP) units with steam extraction heating capabilities, and is equipped with thermal storage devices capable of altering the heat distribution on the heating side, as well as electrochemical energy storage devices capable of rapidly absorbing or outputting electrical power at the grid connection point. The thermal storage devices can be located on the heat source side, the heating main pipe side, or at a location capable of exchanging heat with the unit's heating circuit, as long as their heat storage and release actions can change the direct heat supply undertaken by the unit while meeting the heat user's needs. The electrochemical energy storage devices are connected to the plant's auxiliary or grid-connected electrical system via a converter, and their power changes can reflect the active power at the grid connection point.

[0030] The control logic can be deployed in the plant-level coordination controller, the upper-level coordination function in the unit's DCS, the independent energy management controller, or other control platforms capable of simultaneously acquiring the required measurements and sending control setpoints to each actuator. The active power at the grid connection point can be obtained from the grid-connected metering device or the dispatch interface; the dispatch target can come from AGC, plant-level active power planning, or equivalent active power settings; the steam extraction volume for heating can be obtained from steam extraction flow measurement. When using valve position and flow conversion, a conversion relationship calibrated on-site with current steam extraction pressure, temperature, and pressure difference across the valve within the calibrated effective range should be used, or a verified equivalent measurement can be used; the heating load can be directly measured or calculated from on-site quantities such as heating flow, supply and return water temperature, steam flow, and enthalpy. The calculation uses the heating boundary and time reference consistent with the heat metering of the thermal storage equipment.

[0031] The operating status of a thermal storage device should at least characterize its current capacity for continued thermal storage and release, as well as the degree of deviation from a baseline thermal storage state. For thermal storage devices with explicit energy metering, the amount of stored heat can be used as the state. For hot water thermal storage or other devices with temperature stratification, liquid level, or medium state characterization, the equivalent thermal storage state can be converted from the corresponding measured quantities. The operating status of an electrochemical energy storage device should at least include the current charge / discharge power and energy state. The energy state can be expressed as the state of charge or other state quantities that can determine the usable range of charge and discharge.

[0032] The controller unifies all quantities related to unit power regulation to the same grid-connected metering boundary and power benchmark, and provides a consistent direction convention. If the unit's power generation is taken from the generator end and the electrochemical energy storage power is taken from the PCS end, and there is a plant auxiliary power or transformer link between the corresponding measuring point and the grid connection point, then the power changes used for merging, cancellation, and margin comparison are converted to the same boundary using the field-verified metering relationship. Plant auxiliary load changes that can be independently identified and are unrelated to the current heat-side regulation are not considered as the actual arrival quantity on the heat side. For ease of explanation, the unit regulation direction that increases the active power output of the cogeneration unit to the grid connection point can be defined as the positive direction, and the direction that decreases the active power output can be defined as the negative direction. Variables that are not regulated can be saved as directional power quantities, or as "direction field + amplitude field". The encoding method used does not affect the subsequent control relationships for same-direction merging, reverse cancellation, and arrival cancellation.

[0033] The control cycle is determined by the data refresh and command execution cycle of the field control system and is not required to be fixed to a specific value. All participating quantities are time-aligned before entering the same cycle calculation. When different devices have different sampling cycles, timestamp alignment can be used, the most recent valid value can be maintained within the data validity period, or resampling can be performed according to the control system's allowed method. Data exceeding the validity period is treated as invalid. Heating load is preferentially calculated using measurement results from points on the same heat calculation boundary as the heat storage equipment. If remote heating network measurement points are used, alignment is performed based on the communication delay and heating network transmission delay already determined on-site, or the load is first converted to an equivalent heating load under the same source-side boundary. For changes in heat storage and release, if thermal power is used, the heating load change is also converted to thermal power under the same time base; if heat within the control cycle is used, each heat value is integrated over the same cycle before comparison and deduction, avoiding direct calculation of power and energy quantities.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the main information chain in this embodiment includes: the grid connection point metering or scheduling interface provides the controller with the grid connection point active power and scheduling target; the cogeneration unit control system provides the actual heating steam extraction volume, unit power generation, main active power control commands, and primary frequency regulation operation status; the heating side provides the heating load; the thermal storage equipment controller provides the thermal storage and release status and receives thermal storage or release commands; the electrochemical energy storage controller provides the current power and energy status and receives advance compensation or energy recovery power commands. Based on this, the controller establishes state transmission between the slow response on the heating side and the fast response on the electrical side.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems provided in this embodiment is executed according to the following main process.

[0036] Step S101: Obtain the active power at the grid connection point, the dispatch target, the steam extraction volume and heating load of the cogeneration unit, as well as the operating status of the thermal storage equipment and electrochemical energy storage equipment.

[0037] Step S102: When the active power at the grid connection point deviates from the dispatch target, the electrochemical energy storage device will compensate first and change the heat supply share of the thermal storage device so that the amount of steam extracted for heat supply changes in the direction corresponding to the change in target electric power.

[0038] Step S103: For the unit power regulation that has been issued but not yet reflected at the grid connection point, retain the unrealized regulation amount. Subsequent demand will first be combined with or offset by the unrealized regulation amount, and the remaining part will then form a new heating steam extraction regulation.

[0039] Step S104: Determine the portion of the heat storage and release change used to change the amount of steam extracted for heating based on the change in heating load. When the amount of steam extracted for heating changes along the corresponding direction and the unit's power generation subsequently responds along the direction of the target power change, confirm the actual arrival amount and exit the advance compensation according to the newly added actual arrival amount.

[0040] Step S105: When restoring the thermal storage state, the reverse unit power change that has not yet been reflected at the grid connection point is incorporated into the unrealized regulation amount, and the electrochemical energy storage state is restored within the grid connection power margin after deducting the unrealized regulation amount.

[0041] In step S101, the controller continuously or according to the control cycle acquires each input quantity and checks the validity of the input quantities. The active power at the grid connection point and the scheduling target are used to form the current grid-connected power demand; the heating extraction steam quantity is used to determine whether the heat-side action has actually occurred; the heating load and the heat storage and release status of the thermal storage equipment are used to distinguish whether the thermal storage equipment action is used to maintain the heating balance or to change the heating extraction steam quantity; the current power and energy status of the electrochemical energy storage are used to determine whether it has the ability to perform advance compensation or subsequent recovery. If the key measurement quantity is invalid, the previous valid state can be maintained and the formation of new regulation relying on the invalid quantity can be prohibited. The corresponding link can continue after the measurement is restored. Among them, when the active power at the grid connection point or the scheduling target is invalid, no new advance compensation and heating extraction steam regulation are initiated; the unreached part of the actual heating extraction steam quantity change is still retained as the unrealized regulation quantity and is not written off using invalid measurements.

[0042] When the deviation between the current active power at the grid connection point and the dispatch target reaches the condition requiring adjustment, step S102 is initiated. The condition requiring adjustment can be determined jointly by the allowable deviation specified by the dispatch system, the grid connection metering accuracy, and the unit control dead zone; the instruction manual does not limit fixed values. In this way, the adjustment initiation conditions can be adapted to the measurement and dispatch requirements of units with different capacity levels.

[0043] In scenarios involving increasing the active power at the grid connection point, electrochemical energy storage devices can first increase the discharge power output to the grid or reduce the original charging power, causing the active power at the grid connection point to quickly move towards the dispatch target. Simultaneously, increasing the heat release of thermal storage devices allows the newly released heat to replace a portion of the direct heat supply previously provided by the cogeneration unit, reducing the amount of steam extracted for heating while meeting the current heating load. Under the condition that the current operating condition relationship has been verified to have the aforementioned directional characteristics, and that no independent main active power regulation alters this relationship, the reduction in the amount of steam extracted for heating will allow more steam to enter subsequent power stages, leading to a subsequent increase in the unit's power generation.

[0044] In scenarios involving reducing the active power at the grid connection point, electrochemical energy storage devices can first increase charging power or decrease the original discharge power to rapidly reduce the active power at the grid connection point; on the heat side, the amount of steam extracted for heating is increased, reducing the amount of steam entering the subsequent power stage. Given that the current operating condition relationship has been verified to exhibit the aforementioned directional characteristics, increasing the amount of steam extracted for heating corresponds to a decrease in the unit's power generation. Heat generated beyond meeting the current heat user load is absorbed and stored by the thermal storage device, maintaining heat balance on the heating side. Both of these directions are constrained by the unit's current permissible operating range, the thermal storage device's storage and release capacity, and the electrochemical energy storage power boundary, without requiring the execution end to exceed the safe operating range. The adjustment range on the heat side can be determined in reverse from the amount of unit power adjustment currently intended to be handled by the steam extraction adjustment: first, determine the target change in the amount of steam extracted for heating required to meet the unit's power change based on the current operating condition's relationship between steam extraction and power generation; then, determine the amount of heat storage and release that the thermal storage device should handle based on the heat balance. If the adjustment range of the heating steam extraction volume or the available capacity of the thermal storage equipment is limited, only the unit power adjustment corresponding to the actual heat-side actions that can be issued will be considered as the part to be fulfilled, and the part exceeding the executable range will not be saved as the promised future unit power.

[0045] For the heat-side target formed in step S102, the controller does not directly consider the issuance of heating extraction steam regulation as a change in unit power. When a portion of the new demand in this cycle is determined to be undertaken by heating extraction steam regulation, this portion is first written as a directional net regulation obligation into the unrealized regulation amount, and then the valid heating extraction steam setpoint or equivalent execution status received by the execution end is associated with the corresponding obligation. When issuing an action to the execution end to fulfill the already recorded net regulation obligation, the net regulation obligation is not added again. If the thermal storage equipment or extraction steam execution end limits, refuses to execute, or the readback value is different from the requested value, a physical pending batch record is established for the executable portion confirmed by the execution end; the portion not accepted by the execution end is not established as a physical pending batch record, and is reallocated or retained as a pending net regulation obligation according to the current equipment capacity.

[0046] To avoid the algebraic offsetting of reverse demand erasing the power impact already entering the thermal process, the controller internally uses two interrelated types of records for unrealized regulation quantities. The first type is the net regulation obligation record, used to represent the remaining directional unit power that should still be realized by heating extraction steam regulation after several rounds of same-direction merging, reverse offsetting, and actual arrival updates. The second type is the physical pending arrival batch record, used to store each heating extraction steam regulation batch already accepted by the actuator and its physical impact that has not yet been proven by grid-connected power response. The physical pending arrival batch record includes at least the batch direction, original power amplitude, actuator acceptance status, extraction steam quantity comparison benchmark, unit power generation comparison benchmark, explainable power change, cumulative actual arrival quantity, and effective observation period. The power quantities in both types of records are converted to the same grid-connected metering boundary, and the dimension is active power, using MW or an equivalent unified power unit.

[0047] Taking the k-th control period as an example, the net adjustment obligation can be calculated as follows: Update. Among them, This is the net directional adjustment obligation at the end of the previous control cycle. This refers to the directional additional unit power regulation amount allocated to heating steam extraction regulation from the new demand in this cycle. This refers to the newly added actual arrivals in the current period, confirmed by causal relationships. This is the updated net adjustment obligation; all quantities are in the dimension of active power and use the same units. (In the same direction) and Addition, opposite directions Automatic offsetting occurs; even if the actual arrival quantity of a physical batch is greater than the net balance in the same direction after offsetting, it is still confirmed according to the actual physical response of that batch, and after entering the above update, it can... The reversed order is executed. The balance after the reverse order constitutes a callback obligation. When subsequent heating steam extraction adjustments are issued to fulfill this balance, only the associated physical pending batch record is created; the same callback obligation is not added again. The above expression is a deterministic implementation of controller state updates, and does not require the control software to use the same variable names.

[0048] The correspondence between the heating extraction steam volume and the power generation can be obtained based on the unit's operating characteristics under different main steam flow rates, load levels, heating pressures, and extraction steam conditions. This can be achieved using operating condition tables obtained from unit heat balance calculations, characteristic curves formed through design or testing, segmented correspondence tables generated from operating history, or, without altering the physical meaning, online-updated local linear correspondence. The controller locates the applicable operating condition segment based on the current main steam flow rate, unit load, heating pressure, and extraction steam condition. When the current operating condition is between adjacent verified operating condition points, segmented interpolation or multivariate interpolation is performed according to the variable dimensions of the adopted operating condition table, ensuring the interpolation results remain within the effective range enclosed by the verified operating condition points. If the current operating condition exceeds the verified mapping range, or if the selected operating condition segment cannot maintain the directional relationship between the heating extraction steam volume change and the power generation change required for this adjustment, then the mapping will not be extrapolated without basis, and new heating extraction steam adjustments will be restricted until the unit returns to the effective operating condition segment or an updated verifiable correspondence is obtained. During the operation of independent power sources such as primary active power control commands or primary frequency regulation, the current heat-side arrival quantity is not updated using the corresponding unit power changes. This correspondence is used to convert the actual heating steam extraction quantity change into the upper limit of unit electrical power change that can be explained by heat-side changes under the current operating conditions, rather than to predict all unit power fluctuations.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S103, both the net adjustment obligation record and the physical pending batch record are continuously saved across control cycles. At the beginning of each control cycle, the net adjustment obligation at the end of the previous control cycle is read first, and then the directional additional unit electrical power component allocated to heating extraction steam regulation due to the change in the scheduling target of this cycle is used as... Processing. The portion already written into the net adjustment obligation but not yet reached will not be treated again. Write; even if the physical batches that have formed actual changes in heating steam extraction are partially offset by subsequent reverse demand at the net adjustment obligation level, their physical pending arrival records are still retained until they actually arrive or the action can be verified to have been withdrawn.

[0050] When the additional unit power component allocated to heating extraction steam regulation in the subsequent demand of this cycle is consistent with the direction of the initial net regulation obligation, this additional component is added to the net regulation obligation only once. If the upstream controller provides the total amount required for this cycle rather than the new increment relative to the previous cycle, the already recorded net regulation obligation is first subtracted from the total amount to obtain... Update again later to avoid repeatedly writing the same requirement due to different signal interface meanings. Electrochemical energy storage maintains corresponding rapid compensation, waiting for the actual arrival of the thermal-side physical batches associated with the net regulation obligation before exiting according to the newly added actual arrival amount.

[0051] When the newly added unit power component allocated to heating extraction steam regulation in the subsequent demand of this cycle is opposite in direction to the initial net regulation obligation, a directional update is first performed in the net regulation obligation record. This update only indicates a change in the current target's final contribution to the heat side, and does not consider the physical batches of steam to be delivered that have already resulted in actual changes in heating extraction volume as disappeared. If the reverse newly added component does not cause the net regulation obligation to cross zero, in principle, the same reverse component will not be used to form a new heat-side obligation again; if the reverse newly added component causes the net regulation obligation to cross zero, the portion exceeding zero constitutes a new reverse net regulation obligation.

[0052] To handle situations where reverse demand occurs after the heat-side actions have progressed to different stages, the portion that has not yet resulted in a change in actual heating steam extraction volume is considered revocable. If the execution end confirms the revocation and the actual heating steam extraction volume has not exceeded the minimum effective change condition, the corresponding physical pending batch record is deleted or reduced, but this does not apply to records already processed by [unspecified entity]. Completed net regulation obligations are offset again. The portion where actual heating steam extraction has changed but the unit's power generation has not yet responded accordingly is considered the pending arrival portion of the physical process; this batch record is retained. Subsequent actual unit power is confirmed as the actual arrival amount in batches, and the net regulation obligation is updated based on the actual arrival amount in that direction. If the update reverses the net regulation obligation, the controller, when heat balance, steam extraction regulation rate, and equipment safety boundaries permit, issues a callback heating steam extraction regulation based on the reverse balance. The callback action is an execution of an existing reverse net regulation obligation and does not add to the obligation again.

[0053] If a new reverse net regulation obligation is created after the reverse demand update, or if the net regulation obligation turns reversed after the reserved physical pending batch actually arrives, the electrochemical energy storage device will first bear the corresponding fast grid-connected power difference. Then, the heat side will form a reverse or pullback heating steam extraction regulation associated with this reverse net regulation obligation. Only after the new reverse or pullback batch generates an actual change in heating steam extraction and further results in the actual arrival of the unit's electrical power will the electrochemical energy storage device withdraw its prior support in the opposite direction according to the newly added actual arrival amount of that batch.

[0054] At the end of each control cycle, the controller completes... The net adjustment obligation for the next control period is obtained by merging the band direction of the initial net adjustment obligation and subtracting the newly added actual arrivals in the band direction confirmed for each physical batch to arrive in the current period. The remaining amplitude of the physical batch to arrive records is reduced by the newly added actual arrivals or the verified withdrawals, respectively. The net adjustment obligation update and physical batch write-off are each performed once: they can be updated immediately upon arrival confirmation and carry a balance at the end of the period, or they can be updated uniformly at the end of the period, but the same newly added actual arrivals cannot be deducted repeatedly.

[0055] The following values ​​are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the measured parameters, regulation performance, or promised effects of any specific unit. If the net regulation obligation under the same grid-connected metering boundary was +10MW in the previous cycle, the reverse increase allocated to the thermal side in this cycle... If the net regulation obligation is -6MW, then after reverse offsetting, it is +4MW. If 6MW of the original +10MW batch corresponds to extraction steam changes that have not yet been formed and confirmed as withdrawn by the execution end, the corresponding physical pending arrival record is reduced to +4MW. If all the extraction steam changes corresponding to the original +10MW have been formed, the physical pending arrival record remains +10MW; when the +10MW unit power subsequently actually arrives, the net regulation obligation is updated from +4MW to -6MW, and the controller accordingly forms a -6MW callback batch without increasing the net regulation obligation again. When the +10MW actually arrives, the electrochemical energy storage first withdraws the remaining +4MW positive compensation and forms a separate -6MW reverse support; when the -6MW callback batch actually arrives, it withdraws the reverse support. All values ​​are active power, and the direction is as agreed in this document.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, step S104 first separates the portion of the actual heat storage and release changes from the heat storage equipment that is truly used to change the amount of steam extracted for heating. When the current heating steam extraction adjustment is formed, the heating load at that time is recorded as the baseline heating load. After obtaining the new heating load during the adjustment period, the direction and magnitude of the heat compensation required relative to the baseline heating load are first determined. For example, the portion of heat storage equipment that must release additional heat due to an increase in heat load belongs to the heat storage and release changes required to maintain heating balance; the portion of heat storage that can be added due to a decrease in heat load is also first included in the heating balance function.

[0057] The heat storage and release changes required to maintain heat supply balance can be determined by the change in heat power directly measured on the heating side, or by conversion from the medium flow rate and inlet / outlet thermal state. The heat storage and release changes required to maintain heat supply balance mentioned here refer to the portion of the balance that the heat storage equipment should actually bear according to the current heat supply sharing relationship after the heating load changes relative to the baseline, and are not necessarily equivalent to the entire amplitude of the heating load change. If the unit's direct heat supply also undergoes a measurable change within the same cycle, this change is first included under the same heating boundary, and then the portion of the balance borne by the heat storage equipment is determined. The determination benchmark and the actual heat storage and release changes of the heat storage equipment use the same time benchmark and the same heat direction convention. After deducting this heat supply balance portion from the actual heat storage and release changes of the heat storage equipment, the controller only recognizes the remaining portion that corresponds to the current heating steam extraction adjustment direction as the effective heat storage and release change. If the direction of the remaining change after deduction is inconsistent with the current steam extraction adjustment, this portion is not used to prove the effect of the current steam extraction adjustment. The deduction is performed in a directional manner according to the unified agreement on the direction of heat storage and heat release; when the balancing effect required for the change in heating load is equal to or exceeds the measured change of the heat storage equipment, no effective heat storage and heat release change in the same direction as the current heating steam extraction regulation will be formed in this cycle, nor will the remaining amount after the direction is reversed be used to deduce the new heating steam extraction regulation.

[0058] When determining the target change in steam extraction volume for heating based on changes in effective heat storage and release, the effective heat can be converted into a corresponding steam extraction volume target using the enthalpy of the heating medium, the heat balance relationship, or the flow characteristics of the unit's heating circuit. This conversion provides the target and expected direction for heat-side actions; however, the actual arrival and confirmation are still based on the measured steam extraction volume for heating. In this way, heat storage and release actions caused by changes in the heating user's own load will not be directly recorded as heat-side actions used for electrical power regulation.

[0059] After the effective heat storage and release change is formed, the controller obtains the actual heating steam extraction rate and uses the heating steam extraction rate before the start of this adjustment or the most recent stable state as a comparison benchmark to determine the actual heating steam extraction rate change. Only when the amplitude of the actual heating steam extraction rate change reaches the minimum effective change condition determined by the extraction steam flow measurement resolution, measurement uncertainty, and control dead zone, and the direction of change is consistent with the extraction steam adjustment direction corresponding to the target power change, is the actual heating steam extraction rate change considered to have been formed and entered the unit power arrival confirmation stage. When increasing the grid-connected active power, the corresponding extraction steam adjustment direction is usually to decrease the heating steam extraction rate; when decreasing the grid-connected active power, the corresponding extraction steam adjustment direction is usually to increase the heating steam extraction rate. The specific direction is still based on the current effective operating condition mapping.

[0060] After confirming the steam extraction change, the unit power change that can be explained by the actual steam extraction change is determined based on the correspondence between the heating steam extraction volume and the power generation under the current operating conditions. This explainable power change is the upper limit that can be confirmed for the corresponding physical batch to be arrived, and is not replaced by the net regulation obligation amplitude after reverse offsetting. The unit power generation benchmark used for comparison is the most recent effective unit power generation aligned with time before the actual heating steam extraction volume began to form this effective directional change. When the unit power generation subsequently responds in the target direction, only the portion that does not exceed the explainable power change and does not exceed the remaining amplitude of the corresponding physical batch to be arrived is associated with that batch; the excess portion is not attributed to this heating-side action.

[0061] The actual arrival quantity is monotonically accumulated based on the number of physically pending arrival batches. For batch j, The power amplitude of this batch of generating units received by the execution end. This represents the interpretable electrical power amplitude obtained from the measured change in the steam extraction rate for heating up to the k-th period. This refers to the historical maximum response amplitude of the unit's power generation relative to the batch comparison benchmark along the target direction within the effective observation period of this batch, after excluding reliably identifiable independent power components. This represents the cumulative actual arrival amount for the previous period; all the above values ​​are non-negative active power quantities and use the same unit. (The last part, "can be translated as: ...") renew, To update the results, and These are the maximum and minimum functions, respectively. The actual increase in arrivals this period is... Therefore, when the unit power recovers to the previously confirmed historical maximum response amplitude after the swing-back... The value is zero; only the interpretable portion exceeding the historical maximum response amplitude is added. Power increments from the same unit must not be associated with multiple batches; if multiple batches simultaneously meet the conditions, they are cancelled sequentially according to the order of hot-side action or the unique batch identifier determined on-site.

[0062] The following power sequences are also just calculation examples to verify the cumulative rule, not actual measured data of the units. If the benchmark power generation of a certain batch of units is 100MW, and the explanatory power amplitude and batch amplitude are both not less than 6MW, the target power is 105MW, 103MW, 105MW and 106MW respectively, then the cumulative actual arrival is 5MW, 5MW, 5MW and 6MW respectively; the part of the power recovering from 103MW to 105MW is not counted repeatedly, and only the last 1MW exceeding the existing maximum response amplitude constitutes the new actual arrival.

[0063] Actual arrival confirmation does not require precise modeling of the entire dynamic process of the unit as a single delay time. The controller maintains the physical relationship that the steam extraction change forms first in the causal chain, followed by the unit power response, and verifies this relationship by combining the interpretable amplitude of the current operating condition. This sequence relationship is determined based on time-aligned data, taking into account the measurement chains and communication delays already identified on-site. When the steam extraction quantity and unit power change sequentially within the same control cycle, finer-grained timestamps or event records can be used for judgment, without replacing the physical sequence relationship with the arrival order of the original messages from different sampling channels. On-site, observation windows for data correlation can be set based on the typical dynamic response time of the unit. The observation window is used to prevent indefinite correlation of historical actions, and its boundaries can be determined by the historical response data of operation, the unit commissioning test records, or the historical response records that have been verified in the control system. This implementation method does not limit the fixed values. If a unit power response meeting the conditions is not achieved by the end of the observation window, the corresponding unrealized adjustment amount will not be cleared to zero according to the time limit. Instead, the abnormal interlocking process described later will be entered to re-check the measurement validity, execution status, and the corresponding relationship of the current operating conditions. Only when it can be confirmed that the corresponding hot-side action has been withdrawn and the actual heating steam extraction amount has returned to the pre-withdrawal benchmark will the unrealized adjustment amount corresponding to the withdrawable part be cancelled. Otherwise, it will continue to be retained in the pending state.

[0064] To further prevent the actual power generation from being erroneously increased due to changes in other control sources, after the actual steam extraction for heating causes a change in the direction of steam extraction regulation, the controller simultaneously reads the main active power control command and the primary frequency regulation operation status. The main active power control command can be the main power setting generated by AGC through unit coordinated control or other commands that can represent an independent source of active power regulation; whether it belongs to a change independent of the current steam extraction regulation for heating can be determined based on the command source channel, setpoint change record, or event timestamp in the control system. The primary frequency regulation operation status can be obtained from the frequency regulation activation flag, frequency regulation power component, or equivalent status signal.

[0065] If the main active power control command undergoes a change independent of the current heating steam extraction regulation during the current heat-side arrival confirmation period, or if the primary frequency regulation is in operation, an independent power source is determined to exist. The control system then determines whether it can acquire an independent power component corresponding to the independent power source and located on the same metering boundary and time reference as the unit's power generation. If reliably acquired, the independent power component is subtracted from the unit's power generation change, and only the portion that still satisfies the sequential response relationship of steam extraction change preceding unit power response in the target direction is accumulated in batches. If reliably acquired or separated, the unit's power generation change during the operation of the independent power source is not included in the current actual arrival amount, nor is it retroactively calculated after the independent power source ends. After the independent power source ends, the unit's power generation at the end, time-aligned, is used as the new comparison benchmark, and the actual arrival amount is added only to identifiable responses that re-establish the sequential response relationship after the end.

[0066] If the independent power source does not exist, but the unit's power generation does not form the sequential response relationship after the actual heating steam extraction volume changes, or the sequential response relationship cannot be re-established after the independent power source ends, then the most recently confirmed actual arrival volume, net regulation obligation, and corresponding physical pending arrival batch record will be maintained. Further increases in heating steam extraction regulation along the extraction regulation direction will be stopped, and the electrochemical energy storage compensation corresponding to this record will be withdrawn. Subsequent write-offs will only resume when the sequential response relationship is re-established, separation can be completed through reliable independent power components, or it is confirmed that the corresponding heat-side action has been withdrawn and the actual heating steam extraction volume returns to the pre-withdrawal baseline. The confirmed actual arrival volume will not be regressed due to subsequent instantaneous power fluctuations; new grid-connected power deviations will still be updated as corresponding new demand according to the current dispatch target in the net regulation obligation update.

[0067] Reasons for the failure to establish the sequential response relationship may include the unit reaching the adjustment boundary under the current operating conditions, the extraction steam actuator not reaching the expected position, short-term changes in thermodynamic state, or measurement chain anomalies. This invention does not require the controller to diagnose all fault causes; it only requires maintaining the lockout until the actual extraction steam change is re-established and the unit power response follows the target direction. After the measurement and control conditions are restored, the process re-enters the actual arrival confirmation phase.

[0068] After confirming the newly added actual arrival amount in step S104, the preliminary compensation for electrochemical energy storage is terminated based on the newly added actual arrival amount. Specifically, the increment of the cumulative actual arrival amount in the current control cycle relative to the cumulative actual arrival amount in the previous control cycle is first calculated, and it is determined whether the direction of the unit power change corresponding to the increment is consistent with the direction of the unit power adjustment replaced by the preliminary compensation. Only newly added actual arrival amounts with consistent directions can release the corresponding energy storage compensation, and simultaneously reduce the unrealized adjustment amount corresponding to the increment.

[0069] For example, when preceding demand requires an increase in grid-connected active power, electrochemical energy storage first provides positive compensation by discharging or reducing charging. When the generator's power output increases due to reduced extraction on the hot side, resulting in a new actual positive arrival, the electrochemical energy storage restores its positive compensation power to the power state before the prior compensation began, within a range not exceeding this new actual arrival. When preceding demand requires a decrease in grid-connected active power, the direction of prior compensation by the electrochemical energy storage is reversed, but the exit logic is the same.

[0070] When there is no new actual arrival during the current control cycle, even if thermal regulation has been ongoing for some time, the electrochemical energy storage that has not yet been deactivated will continue to compensate first, and will not decay automatically according to the preset time ratio. (The same batch...) It is used only for one compensation exit, one net adjustment obligation update, and one physical pending batch write-off; the execution order can be completed by updating the same atomic state, or it can be ensured that there is no duplication through batch identifiers and processed flags. In this way, the electrical side compensation status, net adjustment obligation, and future physical effects on the thermal side remain consistent.

[0071] When the difference between the cumulative actual arrival of a heating steam extraction regulation and the target unit power change after subsequent merging or offsetting updates falls within the allowable deviation range, and there are currently no new grid-connected power regulation demands that require priority handling, it can be determined that the main regulation has been basically completed, and the process enters the energy storage state recovery stage in step S105. The difference is compared according to the corresponding amplitude under a unified power direction agreement to avoid mutual cancellation due to positive and negative direction coding. The allowable deviation range can be determined based on grid-connected metering accuracy, unit control dead zone, and dispatch allowable deviation, and is not required to be fixed to a specific value. If a new grid-connected power regulation demand has emerged, the new regulation process is prioritized, and energy storage recovery is not initiated based on the old target meeting the allowable deviation.

[0072] First, the thermal storage equipment is restored to its original state. The controller reads the deviation of the thermal storage equipment from its state before the start of the current heating steam extraction regulation and determines the amount of heat to be restored accordingly. If the thermal storage equipment releases more heat to increase the unit's power generation during the main regulation period, the restoration phase requires a reverse thermal storage action to replenish the corresponding heat; if the thermal storage equipment increases its heat storage to reduce the unit's power generation during the main regulation period, the restoration phase requires a reverse heat release action to restore the thermal storage state to its state before regulation or the predetermined sustainable operating state.

[0073] The thermal storage recovery action will change the heat supply directly borne by the unit, causing the thermal steam extraction volume to change in the opposite direction to that during the main regulation period. The controller formulates the executable recovery action for the current cycle based on the heat to be recovered and the current allowable thermal storage and release capacity of the thermal storage equipment. It then converts this into the expected change in thermal steam extraction volume according to the same heat balance relationship as the main regulation phase, and uses the correspondence between thermal steam extraction volume and power generation under the current operating conditions to determine the expected reverse unit power change. Only the reverse unit power change corresponding to the recovery action that can actually be issued and accepted by the execution end enters the unrealized regulation amount of the recovery phase. Before the actual reverse unit power change reaches the grid connection point, the portion that has not yet reached it is saved as the unrealized regulation amount of the recovery phase, and adopts the same direction and amplitude rules as the basic regulation phase. After the actual thermal steam extraction volume forms the recovery direction change, the amplitude to be reached is constrained by the interpretable power change obtained from the measured steam extraction change, and subsequent write-offs are performed.

[0074] The unrealized regulation during the recovery phase allows the controller to anticipate the future grid-connected power impact of the energy recovery from electrochemical storage before it occurs. The controller determines the current available grid-connected power margin based on the power distance between the current active power at the grid connection point and the allowable range of variation for the scheduling target. This power distance is calculated along the direction in which the electrochemical storage energy recovery will act on the grid connection point: if the recovery requires charging and will reduce grid-connected output, the distance between the active power at the grid connection point and the lower allowable boundary is used; if the recovery requires discharging and will increase grid-connected output, the distance to the upper allowable boundary is used.

[0075] The permissible range of the dispatch target can be provided by the dispatch dead zone, plant-level permissible deviation band, or other control parameters that can limit the permissible range of active power at the grid connection point. The source of the range is determined before commissioning and can be updated with the dispatch mode. The controller first deducts the unrealized regulation during the recovery phase, as well as other unrealized regulation along the direction of electrochemical energy storage recovery that has not yet reached the grid connection point, from the current available grid connection power margin. Unrealized regulation opposite to the direction of electrochemical energy storage recovery does not occupy the power margin in that direction. Each unrealized regulation used for deduction is converted to the same metering boundary as the active power at the grid connection point, and only the part that has not yet actually arrived is deducted; the part that has arrived is reflected in the current active power at the grid connection point and will not be used again as an unrealized regulation to occupy the margin. When the deduction result is less than or equal to zero, the remaining power margin in that direction is treated as zero and electrochemical energy storage recovery is suspended; when the deduction result is greater than zero, the recovery power is limited by the remaining power margin. The above margin is recalculated in each control cycle based on the latest active power at the grid connection point, the dispatch permissible range, and the unrealized regulation.

[0076] When the actual arrival of the reverse unit power corresponding to the thermal storage recovery action begins, the newly added actual arrival amount is still confirmed according to the aforementioned relationship between the steam extraction rate change and the unit power response. When the direction of the reverse unit power change is the same as the direction of the electrochemical energy storage recovery on the active power of the grid connection point, the electrochemical energy storage recovery power is reduced according to the newly added actual arrival amount, so that the grid connection margin already occupied by the unit reverse power is no longer occupied by the electrochemical energy storage. Correspondingly, the unrealized regulation amount is synchronously cancelled during the recovery phase; the same newly added actual arrival amount is only cancelled once. In the next control cycle, the available margin is recalculated according to the latest active power of the grid connection point and the remaining unrealized regulation amount. The actual issued electrochemical energy storage recovery power simultaneously meets the target after reduction according to the newly added actual arrival amount and the recalculated remaining margin limit.

[0077] Electrochemical energy storage energy recovery can be carried out gradually, aiming to approach the target energy state. The target energy state can be the energy state before the start of this preliminary compensation, or a pre-determined sustainable operating state that retains subsequent bidirectional regulation capabilities. The recovery power is constrained by the equipment's charging and discharging capacity, the current energy state, and the aforementioned remaining grid-connected power margin. The actual recovery power amplitude issued does not exceed the range allowed by these constraints. When the remaining grid-connected power margin is insufficient, electrochemical energy storage recovery is preferentially reduced or suspended, rather than maintaining the recovery power by expanding the allowable dispatch range. If the actual execution power of the energy storage actuator is lower than the controller's target value due to its own protection or limiting, the calculation continues based on the actual power and energy state read in the next control cycle, and the unexecuted portion is not considered as completed energy recovery. Thus, energy storage state recovery is subject to the current grid-connected regulation constraints.

[0078] If a new grid-connected power regulation demand arises during the recovery phase, this new regulation demand has higher priority than the energy recovery of electrochemical energy storage. The controller stops the energy recovery of electrochemical energy storage, retains the unrealized regulation amount that has not yet been reached during the thermal storage recovery phase, and carries this unrealized regulation amount into the next step S103. For thermal storage recovery actions, if a corresponding change in actual heating steam extraction has not yet occurred and continued recovery would conflict with the direction of the new demand, the inactive portion can be suspended or withdrawn under the condition of meeting the current heating balance and equipment safety constraints; the portion that has already formed a change in actual heating steam extraction continues to be retained as the pending portion. The new demand is still first merged with the existing unrealized regulation amount in the same direction or offset in the opposite direction, so that the recovery phase and the next regulation remain continuous, rather than being reset and restarted.

[0079] The following provides a continuous operation process without specifying particular unit capacity, equipment model, or fixed parameters to illustrate how the various states connect. First, the unit is in heating operation, with both thermal storage and electrochemical energy storage devices within their allowable adjustment ranges. The controller records the current active power at the grid connection point, heating load, heating steam extraction volume, and the two energy storage states as the benchmark for this adjustment. The dispatch target is subsequently raised, and if the active power at the grid connection point falls below the new dispatch target, a positive active power adjustment demand is triggered.

[0080] The electrochemical energy storage device first increases the positive power support to the grid connection point. Simultaneously, the controller commands the thermal storage device to increase heat release, causing some of the heat received by users to switch from direct unit heating to heating from the thermal storage device, thus reducing the target for heat extraction steam. The increased unit power output corresponding to this change in the heat extraction steam target is recorded as an unrealized adjustment amount. Even if the grid connection point deviation has decreased due to the electrochemical energy storage support, the unrealized adjustment amount is still retained.

[0081] Subsequently, a slight change occurs in the heat user load. The controller first determines the incremental heat storage and release required to maintain the heat supply balance based on the change in the new heat supply load relative to the baseline at the start of regulation. Then, this portion is subtracted from the actual heat release change of the heat storage equipment. The remaining heat release change corresponding to the reduction in steam extraction target is identified as the effective heat storage and release change. After the measured heat supply extraction steam rate begins to decrease, the controller obtains the interpretable range of increased unit power output based on the current operating condition correspondence.

[0082] The generating capacity of the unit then begins to increase. If the main active power command does not change independently and primary frequency regulation does not take effect during this period, the actual arrival amount is monotonically accumulated based on the historical maximum directional response amplitude within the interpretable range and the remaining amplitude of the corresponding physical pending arrival batch. The newly added actual arrival amount in this period is used to update the net adjustment obligation, cancel the corresponding physical pending arrival record, and reduce the positive advance compensation of electrochemical energy storage by no more than the amount of newly added arrival. If the unit power in a certain period does not exceed the confirmed maximum directional response amplitude, electrochemical energy storage will not be withdrawn for that period due to the passage of time or recovery after power swing.

[0083] If the scheduling target decreases before the preceding hot-side power has fully arrived, the controller first writes a new negative value into the net adjustment obligation record. And offset against the existing positive balance. For the portion where extraction steam reduction has not yet occurred, the physical pending arrival record will be withdrawn and reduced after confirmation at the execution end; the portion where extraction steam reduction has occurred but the unit's increased power generation has not yet fully arrived will continue to retain the physical pending arrival record. If the actual arrival of this retained batch causes the net regulation obligation to turn negative, then the negative balance will form a callback heating extraction steam regulation; if the new negative balance... If the net adjustment obligation has already turned negative before the arrival of the reserved batch, then only the balance after the turning negative will form a new reverse adjustment. Electrochemical energy storage will bear the grid-connected power difference before the arrival of the corresponding reverse or pullback batch.

[0084] Once the main regulator finally enters the allowable deviation range, if the thermal storage equipment is below its pre-regulation thermal storage state due to increased heat release in the preceding phase, the controller initiates thermal storage recovery to gradually recover the corresponding heat. Thermal storage recovery causes a reverse increase in the amount of steam extracted for heating, which will reduce the unit's power generation in the future. This unrealized reverse power is written into the unrealized regulation amount during the recovery phase. If the electrochemical energy storage has previously consumed energy due to prior compensation and needs to be recharged, the current grid-connected power margin along the charging direction is first calculated, then the unrealized regulation amount in the same direction caused by future thermal storage recovery is deducted, and the remaining margin is used to limit the charging recovery power.

[0085] As the reverse power from the generating unit caused by thermal storage recovery gradually reaches the grid connection point, the controller reduces the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage in the same direction according to the newly added actual amount, while simultaneously canceling the adjustment amount not achieved during the recovery phase. This process continues until the thermal storage equipment and electrochemical energy storage equipment reach their respective target recovery states, or until a new grid connection adjustment demand arrives, thus terminating the current recovery. This completes one control process from adjustment initiation, cross-cycle waiting, handling of possible reverse demand, arrival cancellation, compensation exit, to energy storage recovery.

[0086] In this invention, the unrealized adjustment amount is not limited to being stored as a single scalar. The controller can store the net adjustment obligation record as a directional summary power quantity and the physical pending arrival record as a batch-organized list; the two correspond through batch identifiers, the fulfilled obligation intervals, or equivalent related fields. The net adjustment obligation is used for the merging of subsequent demand in the same direction, the offsetting of demand in the opposite direction, and the determination of the callback balance. The physical pending arrival record is used to determine whether the power that has entered the thermal process may still arrive, to limit the attribution and upper limit of the actual arrival amount, and to prevent the power increment of the same unit from being repeatedly written off. This invention can be implemented using database records, controller memory structures, state machine variables, or equivalent data structures, as long as the different uses and related updates of the above two records are achieved.

[0087] The relationship between heating steam extraction and power generation is not limited to a fixed curve. When the unit's operating range is wide, multiple sets of operating condition mappings can be established according to load segments, and the appropriate segment can be selected based on the current main steam flow, heating pressure, or unit load. When the operating range is narrow, a local proportional relationship near the current operating condition can be used. Mapping updates are based on the unit's thermodynamic characteristics and verifiable operating data, and physical correspondences are not replaced by uninterpretable black-box models.

[0088] For measuring changes in heating load and heat storage / release, if the heating power and heat storage equipment power can be directly obtained on-site, separation can be completed directly under a unified time reference. If only flow rate, temperature, pressure, or heat storage medium status can be obtained, it can be first converted into equivalent heat power or control cycle heat according to the on-site heat metering method, and then the heating balance portion can be deducted. Using different metering paths does not change the relationship of first eliminating the portion required for heating load changes, and then identifying the effective heat storage / release changes used to change the steam extraction rate.

[0089] For electrochemical energy storage devices, preliminary compensation and energy recovery can be performed by the same PCS / EMS, or the plant-level controller can generate a target power and then send it to an independent energy storage control system for execution. If the energy storage control system itself is also equipped with power limiting, state-of-charge protection, or temperature protection, the final executed power is taken as the range allowed by the target power calculated by this invention and the equipment safety boundary. This invention does not require exceeding the protection logic of the energy storage device itself.

[0090] The main active power control command and primary frequency regulation operation status described in this invention are used to exclude unit power sources unrelated to the current heating steam extraction regulation. In a specific system, if there is another power source that can independently change the unit's active power and can be clearly identified by the control system, the period during which this source operates can also be isolated from the current cumulative actual arrival amount on the heat side under the same principle, but it will still be executed according to the aforementioned processing relationship of the main active power control command and primary frequency regulation operation status.

[0091] This invention does not require the thermal storage device and the electrochemical energy storage device to operate simultaneously at all times. When a device reaches its usability limit, any new actions taken by that device can be restricted, but the power impact of the heat-side units that has already been generated but not yet reached is still continuously preserved through unrealized adjustments. When the input conditions are met again, processing continues based on the current grid connection requirements and the remaining unrealized adjustments. Thus, the control state is not lost due to the temporary restriction of a single actuator.

[0092] In the above implementation methods, each threshold, time window, and allowable deviation is determined by its corresponding engineering object and measurement chain, and it is not required to set a uniform fixed value unrelated to the unit capacity. The grid-connected power regulation start-up deviation is jointly determined by the dispatch allowable range, grid-connected metering uncertainty, and unit control dead zone; the minimum effective change in actual steam extraction is determined by the steam extraction flow measurement resolution, measurement uncertainty, and control dead zone; the data validity period is determined by the measurement channel refresh cycle, quality mark, and the maximum allowable stale time of the control system; the batch observation window is determined by the historical response data of the current operating condition or the commissioning test record; independent power components are only used for separation when the source identifier, metering boundary, direction, and timestamp can all reliably correspond; the energy storage recovery margin is jointly determined by the dispatch allowable range, the active power of the current grid connection point, and the physical influences that have not yet arrived in the same direction. Threshold or window updates only affect subsequent judgments and do not cause the already confirmed cumulative actual arrival amount to be rolled back.

[0093] Through the above method, the net regulation obligation record stores the net target that should still be achieved by the thermal side during the main regulation and reverse demand phases, while the physical pending arrival batch record stores the future impact that has entered the thermodynamic process but has not yet been proven by grid-connected power. Both types of records are monotonically updated batch by batch during the actual arrival phase, ensuring that the same increment is used only once during the electrochemical energy storage compensation exit phase, and regenerating and occupying the corresponding grid-connected power margin during the thermal storage recovery phase. Thus, algebraic target updates do not erase the physical pending arrival impact, physical power swings do not repeatedly form actual arrival amounts, and thermal and electrical side regulation at different time scales can continuously coordinate around the same grid-connected power target.

Claims

1. A method for multi-energy coordinated control of a grid-connected electrical system, characterized in that, include: Acquire the active power at the grid connection point, dispatch targets, steam extraction volume and heating load of cogeneration units, as well as the operating status of thermal storage equipment and electrochemical energy storage equipment; When the active power at the grid connection point deviates from the dispatch target, the electrochemical energy storage equipment will compensate first and change the heat supply share of the thermal storage equipment so that the amount of steam extracted for heating changes in the direction corresponding to the change in the target electric power. For the unit power regulation that has been issued but not yet reflected at the grid connection point, the unrealized regulation amount is retained. Subsequent demand will first be combined with or offset by the unrealized regulation amount, and the remaining part will then form a new heating steam extraction regulation. Based on the changes in heating load, determine the portion of heat storage and release changes used to alter the amount of steam extracted for heating. When the amount of steam extracted for heating changes along the corresponding direction and the unit's power generation subsequently responds along the direction of the target power change, confirm the actual arrival amount and exit the advance compensation based on the newly added actual arrival amount. When restoring the thermal storage state, the reverse unit power change that has not yet been reflected at the grid connection point is incorporated into the unrealized regulation amount, and the electrochemical energy storage state is restored within the grid connection power margin after deducting the unrealized regulation amount.

2. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of changing the heat supply share of the thermal storage equipment so that the heat supply extraction steam volume changes in the direction corresponding to the change in target electric power includes: when it is necessary to increase the active power output of the cogeneration unit to the grid connection point, increasing the heat release of the thermal storage equipment, replacing part of the direct heat supply of the cogeneration unit with the newly released heat, and reducing the heat supply extraction steam volume within the current operating range of the unit. When it is necessary to reduce the active power output of the cogeneration unit to the grid connection point, the amount of steam extracted for heating is increased, and the heat that can be used for heat storage after meeting the current heating load is stored in the heat storage equipment.

3. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The portion of the heat storage and release variation determined based on changes in heating load, used to change the amount of steam extracted for heating, includes: The heating load at the time of current heating steam extraction regulation is used as the reference heating load, and the change in heat storage and release required to maintain the heating balance is determined based on the change in the heating load relative to the reference heating load during the regulation period. Subtracting the heat storage and release changes required to maintain the heating balance from the actual heat storage and release changes of the heat storage equipment, the remaining heat storage and release changes corresponding to the current heating steam extraction adjustment are determined as the effective heat storage and release changes used to change the heating steam extraction amount, and the corresponding target change in heating steam extraction amount is determined based on the effective heat storage and release changes.

4. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The confirmation of the actual arrival amount includes: After the effective heat storage and release change is formed, the actual heat supply extraction steam volume is obtained. Based on the correspondence between the heat supply extraction steam volume and the power generation under the current operating conditions of the cogeneration unit, the explanatory power change corresponding to the change in the actual heat supply extraction steam volume is determined. When the actual heating steam extraction volume first changes along the steam extraction adjustment direction corresponding to the target power change, and the unit power generation subsequently changes along the target power change direction, the actual arrival amount is accumulated by the unit power generation change that does not exceed the explainable power change. The actual arrival amount is monotonically accumulated for each batch of heating steam extraction regulation. When the unit's power generation swings back and reaches the maximum same-direction response amplitude that has been confirmed for that batch again, no new actual arrival amount is generated. Only the portion that exceeds the maximum same-direction response amplitude but does not exceed the remaining amplitude of the explainable power change for that batch is included in the new actual arrival amount. When the actual steam extraction volume for heating does not change, the actual arrival volume will not increase due to changes in the unit's power generation capacity alone.

5. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The subsequent demand is first combined with or offset by the unrealized adjustment amount, including: The unrealized adjustment amount retained at the end of the previous control cycle is used as the starting unrealized adjustment amount for the current control cycle; When the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the subsequent demand is consistent with the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the initial unrealized adjustment amount, the new unit power adjustment amount undertaken by heating extraction steam regulation in the subsequent demand will be incorporated into the initial unrealized adjustment amount. When the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the subsequent demand is opposite to the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the initial unrealized adjustment amount, the subsequent demand is first used to offset the initial unrealized adjustment amount, and only the remaining part of the subsequent demand after offsetting the initial unrealized adjustment amount forms a reverse unit power adjustment. At the end of the current control cycle, the newly added actual arrival amount of the current control cycle is deducted from the unrealized adjustment amount after the aforementioned merging or offsetting to obtain the unrealized adjustment amount of the next control cycle.

6. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the subsequent demand is opposite to the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the initial unrealized adjustment, it also includes: The unrealized adjustment amount after offsetting the subsequent demand is saved as a net adjustment obligation record; Based on the aforementioned net adjustment obligation record, the portion of the previous heating steam extraction adjustment that has not yet resulted in a corresponding change in the actual heating steam extraction volume is withdrawn; For the portion where actual heating steam extraction volume has changed but corresponding unit power generation has not yet changed, a separate physical pending batch record associated with the net regulation obligation record shall be retained until the corresponding unit power generation actually arrives or it can be verified that the corresponding heating steam extraction regulation has been withdrawn. Only for the portion of subsequent demand that remains after offsetting the initial unrealized adjustment amount, a reverse heating steam extraction adjustment is formed; After the actual power generation of the unit corresponding to the physical batch to be arrived is reached, the net regulation obligation record is updated with the corresponding actual arrival amount. When the updated net regulation obligation record is reversed, the callback heating extraction steam regulation is formed according to the balance after the reversal. When the callback heating extraction steam regulation to fulfill the balance is issued, the net regulation obligation record is not added again. The electrochemical energy storage device shall bear the difference in grid-connected power before the actual arrival of the reverse heating steam extraction regulation or the callback heating steam extraction regulation.

7. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The withdrawal of advance compensation based on the newly added actual arrival volume includes: Determine the increment of the cumulative actual arrivals in the current control cycle relative to the cumulative actual arrivals in the previous control cycle; When the direction of the change in unit power corresponding to the increment is consistent with the direction of the adjustment of unit power corresponding to the advance compensation of the electrochemical energy storage device, the compensation power of the electrochemical energy storage device is restored to the power state before the advance compensation starts by an amount not exceeding the increment, and the unrealized adjustment amount corresponding to the increment is reduced simultaneously. When no new actual arrival amount is added in the current control cycle, the pre-compensation that has not yet been withdrawn is maintained, and the compensation power is not reduced separately based on the adjustment duration. The same newly added actual arrival amount is only used for one compensation power withdrawal and one unrealized adjustment amount update.

8. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The restoration of the heat storage state includes: Once the difference between the actual arrival amount of a heating steam extraction regulation and the change in the target unit's electrical power corresponding to that heating steam extraction regulation enters the allowable deviation range, the heat to be restored is determined based on the offset of the heat storage device relative to the heat storage state before the start of the heating steam extraction regulation. A heat storage recovery action is formed that is opposite to the direction of heat storage and release during the primary heating steam extraction regulation. Based on the change in the heating steam extraction volume corresponding to the heat storage recovery action and the correspondence between the heating steam extraction volume and the power generation under the current operating conditions, the change in the reverse unit power corresponding to the heat storage recovery action is determined. Before the actual change in the reverse unit's electrical power reaches the grid connection point, the portion that has not yet reached the grid connection point is regarded as the unrealized adjustment amount during the recovery phase.

9. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process of restoring the electrochemical energy storage state within the grid-connected power margin after deducting the unrealized regulation amount includes: The current available grid-connected power margin is determined based on the power distance between the active power at the grid connection point and the allowable range of variation of the scheduling target, and along the direction of the energy recovery of the electrochemical energy storage device on the active power at the grid connection point. The unrealized adjustment amount during the recovery phase, as well as other unrealized adjustment amounts along the direction of action that have not yet reached the grid connection point, are deducted from the current available grid-connected power margin to limit the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage device with the remaining power margin. As the reverse unit power change corresponding to the heat storage recovery action forms the new actual arrival amount, when the direction of the reverse unit power change is consistent with the direction of the effect of the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage device on the active power of the grid connection point, the recovery power of the electrochemical energy storage device is reduced according to the new actual arrival amount. When a new grid-connected power regulation demand arises, the energy recovery of the electrochemical energy storage device is stopped, and the unrealized regulation amount for the recovery phase that has not yet been reached is retained.

10. The multi-energy coordinated control method for grid-connected electrical systems as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: After the actual steam extraction volume causes the change in the steam extraction adjustment direction, the main active power control command and primary frequency regulation status of the cogeneration unit are obtained. When the main active power control command changes independently of the current heating steam extraction regulation, or when the primary frequency regulation action status indicates that the primary frequency regulation is in effect, it is determined that there is an independent power source. When the independent power component corresponding to the independent power source can be obtained and reliably identified, the independent power component is deducted from the change in the unit's power generation at the same grid-connected metering boundary, and the actual arrival amount is confirmed based on the sequential response relationship formed by the actual heating steam extraction amount changing first along the steam extraction adjustment direction and the unit's power generation subsequently changing along the target power change direction. When the independent power component cannot be reliably obtained or separated, the actual arrival amount is not increased based on the change in unit power generation during the operation of the independent power source, and the actual arrival amount during the operation period is not retroactively calculated. After the independent power source ends, the unit's power generation at the end of the time alignment is used as the new comparison benchmark, and the actual arrival amount is increased only according to the re-formed sequential response relationship after the end. When there is no independent power source, but the unit's power generation does not respond to the target power change direction after the actual heating steam extraction amount changes, the most recently confirmed actual arrival amount and the remaining unrealized adjustment amount are maintained, and new heating steam extraction adjustments along the extraction adjustment direction are stopped. Furthermore, the electrochemical energy storage advance compensation corresponding to the remaining unrealized adjustment amount is stopped until the sequential response relationship is re-established, or it is verified that the heating steam extraction adjustment corresponding to the remaining unrealized adjustment amount has been withdrawn.

Images