A small-sized reactor coupled with a data center power supply and distribution system and a working method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply and distribution system coupled with a small-sized stack and a data center and a working method thereof. The system comprises a first energy supply unit, a second energy supply unit, a load unit and a first bus. The first energy supply unit is connected to a first alternating current power supply through an auxiliary transformer, and the first alternating current power supply is used for providing a starting power supply for the first energy supply unit. The first energy supply unit is connected to the first bus through a first step-up transformer, the second energy supply unit is connected to the first bus through a second step-up transformer, and the load unit is connected to the first bus through a main transformer. The first bus is also connected to a second alternating current power supply. The first energy supply unit, the second energy supply unit and the second alternating current power supply are all used for providing a power supply for the load unit. The application realizes deep coupling design of the small-sized stack and the data center at the power supply and distribution system level, effectively reduces the comprehensive redundancy and construction investment of the system, and realizes substantial saving of the overall cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power supply and distribution system technology, specifically to a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small stack and a data center, and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] Small modular reactors (SMRs) generate heat through nuclear reactions and convert it into steam to drive a steam turbine generator set to produce electricity. Compared to traditional nuclear power, SMRs can flexibly provide a combination of energy sources, including electricity and heat, according to user needs. SMRs are inherently safe and can be built close to users, effectively reducing energy transmission and transfer losses. In addition, SMRs are small in size and can be flexibly configured to meet the energy needs of data centers.

[0003] Data centers are service platforms with comprehensive supporting facilities and professional operational capabilities. They primarily provide services such as server hosting, user access, and general computing power processing for internet and related enterprises, thereby generating revenue through market-based operations. The stable operation of a data center highly depends on a continuous and reliable power supply and cooling system. The power is supplied to various computing devices after being stepped down at each stage.

[0004] Data centers have extremely high requirements for operational continuity. Power outages or system crashes can cause enormous economic losses, thus data centers have stringent requirements for power supply stability. With the current global energy shortage, energy cost and supply reliability have become key factors restricting the development of data centers. Small modular reactors (SMRs), as clean, stable, and reliable energy supply units, are highly compatible with the energy needs of data centers. The coupled development of these two technologies can not only address the core demand of data centers for stable and low-cost energy but also find stable and high-quality end-users for SMRs, achieving complementary advantages and synergistic development. From an economic perspective, the profitability of data centers is highly correlated with electricity prices; obtaining a low-cost and stable power supply is an important prerequisite for improving their overall economic efficiency.

[0005] Current small modular reactor (SMR) and data center coupling solutions primarily rely on the SMR providing power to the data center. This involves supplying power from the SMR's switchyard to the data center's switchyard via high-voltage lines. Power consumption for each unit within the data center is then centrally distributed by the data center's switchyard. This results in low system and equipment sharing, leading to excessive redundancy and impacting economic efficiency. Furthermore, if the data center draws entirely from the external power grid without relying on self-supplied power sources such as gas turbines or photovoltaics, there are currently no solutions or measures for multiple power source access methods. Existing SMR and data center coupling solutions only involve simple electrical connections and separate switchyards, failing to achieve deep coupling of the entire power supply and distribution system. This results in a project cost that is essentially "1+1=2," highlighting the need for further improvement in economic efficiency to achieve a cost "1+1<2," thereby enhancing the competitiveness of SMR and data center coupling projects.

[0006] Existing patent CN121584801A discloses a DC power supply and distribution system and method for nuclear power plants targeting computing data centers. It includes a DC power supply and distribution architecture comprising a main power system, a medium-voltage DC system, and a low-voltage DC system. A first voltage conversion module converts the AC power from the main power system into medium-voltage DC power to supply the medium-voltage DC system, and a second voltage conversion module converts it into low-voltage DC power to supply the low-voltage DC system. In the event of a main power failure, the medium-voltage system directly supplies power to the low-voltage system. When both the main power system and the medium-voltage system fail, the low-voltage system operates independently to meet load demands. However, this solution fails to achieve deep coupling between small modular reactors (SMRs) and data center power supply and distribution systems, and cannot meet the coordinated grid connection requirements of power sources such as gas turbines and photovoltaics on the AC side. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor and a data center, including a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, a load unit, and a first busbar; the first power supply unit is connected to a first AC power source via an auxiliary transformer, the first AC power source being used to provide startup power for the first power supply unit; the first power supply unit is connected to the first busbar via a first step-up transformer, the second power supply unit is connected to the first busbar via a second step-up transformer, the load unit is connected to the first busbar via a main transformer, and the first busbar is also connected to a second AC power source; the first power supply unit, the second power supply unit, and the second AC power source are all used to provide power to the load unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the first busbar adopts a single busbar connection method, and the first busbar is equipped with five bays, namely the line incoming bay connecting the second AC power supply, the busbar PT bay, the main transformer outgoing bay connecting the main transformer, the first step-up transformer bay connecting the first step-up transformer, and the second step-up transformer bay connecting the second step-up transformer.

[0010] Furthermore, the first power supply unit includes a high-voltage plant service transformer, a first unit busbar, and a second unit busbar. The high-voltage plant service transformer is a three-winding transformer. The high-voltage plant service transformer is connected to the first step-up transformer, the first unit busbar, and the second unit busbar, respectively. A third circuit breaker is installed between the high-voltage plant service transformer and the first unit busbar, and a fourth circuit breaker is installed between the high-voltage plant service transformer and the second unit busbar.

[0011] Furthermore, the auxiliary transformer is a three-winding transformer, which is connected to the busbar of the first unit and the busbar of the second unit respectively. A second circuit breaker is installed between the auxiliary transformer and the busbar of the first unit, and a fifth circuit breaker is installed between the auxiliary transformer and the busbar of the second unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the first power supply unit also includes a steam turbine generator, which is connected between the high-voltage plant service transformer and the first step-up transformer via a first circuit breaker.

[0013] Furthermore, the second power supply unit includes a gas turbine and a gas turbine bus. The gas turbine and the gas turbine bus are connected by a circuit breaker, and the gas turbine bus is connected to the second step-up transformer through a sixth circuit breaker.

[0014] Furthermore, the load unit includes a first common busbar and a second common busbar. Both the first common busbar and the second common busbar are connected to the main transformer via circuit breakers. Both the first common busbar and the second common busbar are used to provide power to the computer rooms of the data center and the supporting facilities of the nuclear power plant.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a third power supply unit, which includes a photovoltaic power generation device connected to the second common busbar via a third step-up transformer.

[0016] Furthermore, a seventh circuit breaker is installed between the first busbar and the second AC power supply, a tenth circuit breaker is installed between the first busbar and the main transformer, an eighth circuit breaker is installed between the first busbar and the first step-up transformer, and a ninth circuit breaker is installed between the first busbar and the second step-up transformer.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a method for operating a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor (SMR) and a data center. The method includes: disconnecting a first circuit breaker, a third circuit breaker, a fourth circuit breaker, a sixth circuit breaker, a seventh circuit breaker, and a ninth circuit breaker; closing a second circuit breaker, a fifth circuit breaker, an eighth circuit breaker, and a tenth circuit breaker; and providing startup power to a first power supply unit from a first AC power source. Finally, closing the first circuit breaker, the third circuit breaker, and the fourth circuit breaker; disconnecting the second circuit breaker and the fifth circuit breaker; and providing power to a first busbar from the first power supply unit via a first step-up transformer.

[0018] Furthermore, when the first power supply unit is unable to meet the power demand of the load unit, the sixth and ninth circuit breakers are closed, and the second and first power supply units jointly provide power to the first busbar.

[0019] Furthermore, when the first power supply unit is under maintenance, the seventh, sixth, ninth, and tenth circuit breakers are closed, and the first and eighth circuit breakers are opened, so that the second power supply unit and the second AC power supply jointly provide power to the first busbar; the third and fourth circuit breakers are opened, and the second and fifth circuit breakers are closed, so that the first AC power supply provides maintenance and startup power to the first power supply unit.

[0020] By applying the above-described technical solution of the present invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved: 1. This invention breaks through the traditional independent construction mode by deeply coupling small modular reactors and data centers at the power supply and distribution system level, effectively reducing the overall redundancy of the system and construction investment, achieving a significant saving in overall cost, and significantly improving the market competitiveness and economic feasibility of small modular reactor and data center coupling projects; 2. By making reasonable use of and optimizing the combination of external power supplies of different voltage levels, this invention effectively reduces the construction investment and subsequent operation and maintenance costs of external power supply projects while fully ensuring the startup and fault backup needs of small modular reactors. 3. Based on the capacity characteristics and operating features of different power sources, this invention differentiates the grid connection voltage levels, thereby achieving multi-source coordinated power supply while saving transformer and high-voltage switch station bay resources and reducing equipment investment; 4. This invention covers all stages of the small modular reactor's lifecycle, from startup, normal operation, load fluctuations to maintenance shutdown. Through a logically rigorous power switching strategy, it ensures that the data center can obtain an uninterrupted and reliable power supply under any operating conditions.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the external power supply wiring for coupling a small stack to a data center in one embodiment is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal power wiring coupling between a small stack and a data center is shown in one embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the plant-wide wiring for coupling a small stack to a data center in one embodiment is shown.

[0023] Attached reference numerals: 1. Small modular reactor conventional island area; 2. Gas turbine facility area; 3. Substation area; 4. First AC power supply; 5. Second AC power supply; 6. First busbar; 7. Auxiliary transformer; 8. First step-up transformer; 9. Second step-up transformer; 10. Main transformer; 11. High-voltage station service transformer; 12. Gas turbine busbar; 13. First common busbar; 14. Second common busbar; 15. First unit busbar; 16. Second unit busbar; 17. Steam turbine generator; 18. Gas turbine; 19. First circuit breaker; 20. Second circuit breaker; 21. 21. Third circuit breaker; 22. Fourth circuit breaker; 23. Fifth circuit breaker; 24. Sixth circuit breaker; 25. Seventh circuit breaker; 26. Eighth circuit breaker; 27. Ninth circuit breaker; 28. Tenth circuit breaker; 29. ​​Third step-up transformer; 30. Photovoltaic power generation device; 31. Nuclear power plant supporting facilities load; 32. First machine room busbar A; 33. Second machine room busbar A; 34. Third machine room busbar A; 35. Fourth machine room busbar A; 36. First machine room busbar B; 37. Second machine room busbar B; 38. Third machine room busbar B; 39. Fourth machine room busbar B. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0026] Example

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor and a data center is proposed, comprising a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, a load unit, and a first busbar 6; the first power supply unit is connected to a first AC power supply 4 via an auxiliary transformer 7, the first AC power supply 4 being used to provide startup power for the first power supply unit; the first power supply unit is connected to the first busbar 6 via a first step-up transformer 8, the second power supply unit is connected to the first busbar 6 via a second step-up transformer 9, the load unit is connected to the first busbar 6 via a main transformer 10, and the first busbar 6 is also connected to a second AC power supply 5, the first power supply unit, the second power supply unit, and the second AC power supply 5 all being used to provide power to the load unit.

[0028] Small nuclear reactors (SMRs) are compact nuclear power facilities with an electric power output typically not exceeding 300 MWe. They use nuclear fission reactions to generate heat energy, which can be converted into electrical / thermal energy. They are characterized by flexible layout, short construction period, and multiple uses.

[0029] Data centers provide physical facilities and supporting systems for centralized deployment, stable power supply, cooling, fire protection, security, and network access for IT equipment such as servers, networks, and storage, ensuring continuous operation of data computing, storage, transmission, and business processes.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in order to reduce the construction and operation and maintenance costs of external power supply, the present invention adjusts the external power supply from two 110kV external AC power supplies to one first AC power supply 4 and one second AC power supply 5. The first AC power supply 4 is a power supply connected to the 35kV line of the power grid substation, mainly used for the startup power supply of the small reactor and the auxiliary power supply in case of failure. The second AC power supply 5 is a power supply connected to the 110kV line of the power grid substation, mainly used to provide power to the data center when there is a power shortage, such as during the maintenance of the small reactor.

[0031] The first power supply unit is located in the conventional island area 1 of the small modular reactor (SMR). It is connected to the first AC power supply 4 via an auxiliary transformer 7 and to the first busbar 6 via a first step-up transformer 8. The auxiliary transformer 7 is a three-winding transformer with rated parameters of 12.5 MVA and 35 kV / 10-10 kV. When the first AC power supply 4 is set to a 10 kV power supply, the auxiliary transformer 7 is not required. The first step-up transformer 8 is a two-winding transformer with rated parameters of 100 MVA and 110 kV / 10.5 kV. The high-voltage side of the first step-up transformer 8 is connected to the first busbar 6, and the low-voltage side is connected to the first power supply unit.

[0032] The second power supply unit is located in the gas turbine facility area 2 and is connected to the first busbar 6 via a second step-up transformer 9. The second step-up transformer 9 is a two-winding transformer with rated parameters of 31.5MVA and 110kV / 10.5kV. The high-voltage side of the second step-up transformer 9 is connected to the first busbar 6, and the low-voltage side is connected to the second power supply unit.

[0033] The load unit is located in substation area 3 and is connected to the first busbar 6 via main transformer 10. Main transformer 10 is a three-winding transformer with rated parameters of 125MVA and 110kV / 10-10kV.

[0034] Furthermore, the first busbar 6 adopts a single busbar connection method, and five bays are set on the first busbar 6, namely the line incoming bay connecting the second AC power supply 5, the busbar PT bay, the main transformer outgoing bay connecting the main transformer 10, the first step-up transformer bay connecting the first step-up transformer 8, and the second step-up transformer bay connecting the second step-up transformer 9.

[0035] Busbar PT bay, or busbar voltage transformer bay, refers to a functional electrical bay in a power system used to convert high voltage on a high-voltage busbar into a standardized low voltage output according to a set transformation ratio for use by measurement, protection, and control devices.

[0036] The small modular reactor (SMR) and the data center share a substation. Considering the internal and external power supply connections and the load demands of the SMR and data center, a 110kV first busbar 6 is installed in substation area 3. This single busbar configuration receives power from the SMR and gas turbines, and connects to an external second AC power source 5 via a 110kV line, serving as a hub for connecting internal and external power sources and loads. The first busbar 6 has five bays: one 110kV incoming line bay, one 110kV busbar PT bay, one 110kV main transformer outgoing line bay, one 110kV first step-up transformer bay, and one 110kV second step-up transformer bay. By using a single busbar configuration and precisely defining the five bays, the functional requirements for multiple power supply connections and load output are met while maximizing the simplification of the busbar structure and the number of equipment. This reduces the substation footprint, lowers the investment cost of high-voltage equipment, and improves the convenience and reliability of operation.

[0037] Furthermore, a seventh circuit breaker 25 is installed between the first busbar 6 and the second AC power supply 5, a tenth circuit breaker 28 is installed between the first busbar 6 and the main transformer 10, an eighth circuit breaker 26 is installed between the first busbar 6 and the first step-up transformer 8, and a ninth circuit breaker 27 is installed between the first busbar 6 and the second step-up transformer 9.

[0038] By uniformly configuring circuit breakers at each key connection point of the busbar, clear and reliable physical disconnection points and operational control points are provided for the entire power supply and distribution system. This setup enables each power source (small modular reactor, gas turbine, external power grid) and load to be independently switched on and off as needed. It not only provides the hardware foundation for switching between multiple operating modes, but also enables precise isolation in the event of a fault, minimizing the impact of the fault and effectively protecting the stability of equipment and the system.

[0039] Furthermore, the first power supply unit includes a high-voltage plant service transformer 11, a first unit bus 15, and a second unit bus 16. The high-voltage plant service transformer 11 is a three-winding transformer. The high-voltage plant service transformer 11 is connected to the first step-up transformer 8, the first unit bus 15, and the second unit bus 16, respectively. A third circuit breaker 21 is installed between the high-voltage plant service transformer 11 and the first unit bus 15, and a fourth circuit breaker 22 is installed between the high-voltage plant service transformer 11 and the second unit bus 16.

[0040] The rated parameters of the high-voltage station service transformer 11 are 12.5 MVA and 13.8 kV / 10-10 kV. Both the first unit busbar 15 and the second unit busbar 16 are 10 kV busbars, used to provide the necessary power to the small modular reactor (SMR) nuclear island and conventional island loads nearby. By using a three-winding high-voltage station service transformer to connect the step-up transformer and the two unit busbars respectively, and configuring corresponding circuit breakers, flexible distribution and isolation between the turbine generator output, station service power supply, and high-voltage grid connection are achieved. This structure can meet the normal power generation and grid connection needs of the SMR, reliably supply power to critical loads such as the nuclear island and conventional island nearby, and effectively ensure the power supply independence of nuclear safety-related loads through fault isolation via circuit breakers.

[0041] Furthermore, the auxiliary transformer 7 is a three-winding transformer. The auxiliary transformer 7 is connected to the first unit bus 15 and the second unit bus 16 respectively. A second circuit breaker 20 is installed between the auxiliary transformer 7 and the first unit bus 15, and a fifth circuit breaker 23 is installed between the auxiliary transformer 7 and the second unit bus 16.

[0042] By installing a three-winding auxiliary transformer and connecting it to the two sections of the unit busbar via circuit breakers, combined with a fast-switching device to achieve automatic power switching, a safe and reliable external emergency power supply channel is established during the startup and maintenance of the small modular reactor (SMR). This configuration ensures that critical reactor-side equipment always has an independent and stable backup power supply during unit startup, shutdown, or failure, significantly improving the safety of nuclear facility operation.

[0043] Furthermore, the first power supply unit also includes a steam turbine generator 17, which is connected between the high-voltage plant service transformer 11 and the first step-up transformer 8 via a first circuit breaker 19. The rated parameters of the steam turbine generator 17 are 13.8kV / 90MW.

[0044] Furthermore, the second power supply unit includes a gas turbine 18 and a gas turbine bus 12. The gas turbine 18 and the gas turbine bus 12 are connected by a circuit breaker, and the gas turbine bus 12 is connected to the second step-up transformer 9 through a sixth circuit breaker 24.

[0045] The second power supply unit is equipped with three gas turbines 18, with rated parameters of 10.5kV / 7.6MW.

[0046] Based on power balance analysis, to meet the dynamic energy demands of the data center, the data center power supply system and power generation equipment (including steam turbine generators for steam supply from the small modular reactor, gas turbines, and photovoltaics) need to be rationally configured. To ensure safe and stable operation among power sources, effectively control equipment short-circuit levels, reduce equipment selection risks, and improve project economics, the steam turbine generators and gas turbines of the small modular reactor will be stepped up to 110kV via transformers and connected to the 110kV first busbar of the substation. By connecting the gas turbine to the second step-up transformer via the gas turbine busbar and circuit breaker, it serves as a rapidly responding supplementary power source, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of the small modular reactor in load tracking. When the data center load increases or the output of the small modular reactor is insufficient, the gas turbine can quickly start and connect to the grid on demand, working in conjunction with the small modular reactor to supply power to the busbar, thereby significantly improving the flexibility and reliability of the entire power supply and distribution system in response to load fluctuations.

[0047] Furthermore, the load unit includes a first common busbar 13 and a second common busbar 14. Both the first common busbar 13 and the second common busbar 14 are connected to the main transformer 10 via circuit breakers. Both the first common busbar 13 and the second common busbar 14 are used to provide power to the computer rooms of each unit of the data center and the supporting facilities of the nuclear power plant.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, two 10kV common busbars, 13 and 14, are installed in substation area 3 to provide a 10kV power supply to the power supply modules of each unit room in the data center. The power cables should be isolated (e.g., arranged in different cable trenches) to improve the power supply reliability of the data center unit rooms. This busbar also provides 10kV power to the non-production sub-items of the small modular reactor (SMR). This busbar is independent of the 10kV busbars for the SMR nuclear island and conventional island power distribution to reduce the impact of busbar failures on the power supply reliability of the SMR side. Each busbar uses a single busbar connection method, and the power supply comes from three-winding transformers installed in SMR conventional island area 1 and substation area 3 respectively.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the first common busbar 13 is connected via circuit breakers to the nuclear power plant supporting facility loads 31 (all 10kV), the first generator room busbar A32, the second generator room busbar A33, the third generator room busbar A34, and the fourth generator room busbar A35 (all 10kV). The second common busbar 14 is connected via circuit breakers to the nuclear power plant supporting facility loads 31 (all 10kV), the first generator room busbar B36, the second generator room busbar B37, the third generator room busbar B38, and the fourth generator room busbar B39 (all 10kV).

[0050] By setting up two independent public busbars to provide power to the various computer rooms of the data center and the supporting facilities of the nuclear power plant, effective electrical isolation between the data center load and the power consumption of the nuclear island is achieved. This design not only avoids the impact of data center load fluctuations or failures on the power supply security of the nuclear island, but also improves the continuity of power supply to the data center through the mutual backup of the two busbars, while facilitating subsequent operation and maintenance and load expansion.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power supply and distribution system also includes a third power supply unit, which includes a photovoltaic power generation device 30. The photovoltaic power generation device 30 is connected to the second common busbar 14 through a third step-up transformer 29.

[0052] Due to limitations such as site area, photovoltaic (PV) capacity is typically small. To save on transformer costs and reduce the number of 110kV bays, PV power generation will not be stepped up to 110kV; instead, it will be stepped up to 10kV and connected to the 10kV second common busbar. The third step-up transformer, 29, is a double-winding transformer with rated parameters of 2500kVA and 0.69kV / 10kV. By connecting the PV power generation device to the 10kV second common busbar via a step-up transformer, instead of stepping up to the 110kV busbar, the small capacity and distributed nature of PV are fully utilized. This effectively saves on the cost of the step-up transformer and avoids occupying scarce 110kV high-voltage switchyard bay resources, achieving local consumption and supplementation of green energy and further optimizing the energy structure.

[0053] The aforementioned deep coupling scheme between the small modular reactor (SMR) and the data center in terms of internal and external power supplies and power networks can effectively improve the overall economic efficiency of the project. However, as a nuclear facility, the safety of the SMR must be given high priority to avoid external power failures or data center failures affecting its safety. The first unit bus 15 and the second unit bus 16 serve as the boundary between the SMR and the external power grid and data center. These buses do not supply power to loads unrelated to the safe operation of the SMR, meaning they are electrically completely isolated. They also require circuit breakers with protective functions to isolate the SMR in case of external faults. Furthermore, nuclear-grade equipment such as low-voltage diesel generators and batteries are installed on these buses to provide independent power to the SMR, ensuring its safety under various operating conditions.

[0054] Taking a 100MW-level data center as an example, compared with the simple 110kV high-voltage side coupling in the original solution, this solution can save one 125MVA main transformer, multiple 110kV high-voltage bays and 10kV power distribution equipment. At the same time, one 110kV line is downgraded, which is expected to save 50 million yuan in construction costs.

[0055] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for operating a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor (SMR) and a data center is proposed, applicable to a power supply and distribution system coupled to a SMR and a data center, comprising: Disconnect the first circuit breaker 19, the third circuit breaker 21, the fourth circuit breaker 22, the sixth circuit breaker 24, the seventh circuit breaker 25 and the ninth circuit breaker 27, and close the second circuit breaker 20, the fifth circuit breaker 23, the eighth circuit breaker 26 and the tenth circuit breaker 28, so that the first AC power supply 4 provides starting power to the first power supply unit; The first circuit breaker 19, the third circuit breaker 21 and the fourth circuit breaker 22 are closed, and the second circuit breaker 20 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 are opened. The first power supply unit provides power to the first busbar 6 through the first step-up transformer 8.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, during the initial startup of the small reactor, the first circuit breaker 19 is disconnected, the second circuit breaker 20 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 are closed, the third circuit breaker 21 and the fourth circuit breaker 22 are disconnected (where the second circuit breaker 20 and the third circuit breaker 21, and the fourth circuit breaker 22 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 are connected by a quick-switching device for power switching and interlocking to avoid simultaneous closing), the sixth circuit breaker 24, the seventh circuit breaker 25 and the ninth circuit breaker 27 are disconnected, and the eighth circuit breaker 26 and the tenth circuit breaker 28 are closed. At this time, the external first AC power supply 4 provides startup power to the reactor-side first power supply unit, and the gas turbine 18 of the second power supply unit and the external second AC power supply 5 are not connected. Once the small modular reactor (SMR) successfully starts up and enters full power mode, the first circuit breaker 19 closes, the second circuit breaker 20 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 open, the third circuit breaker 21 and the fourth circuit breaker 22 close, the sixth circuit breaker 24, the seventh circuit breaker 25 and the ninth circuit breaker 27 remain open, and the eighth circuit breaker 26 and the tenth circuit breaker 28 remain closed. The SMR generates power to supply the data center, and the first AC power supply 4 is taken out of operation.

[0057] Furthermore, when the first power supply unit is unable to meet the power demand of the load unit, the sixth circuit breaker 24 and the ninth circuit breaker 27 are closed, and the second power supply unit and the first power supply unit jointly provide power to the first busbar 6.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the power demand of the load unit increases and the small stack is unable to meet all the power demand of the data center, the multiple gas turbines 18 in the second power supply unit will be started sequentially by the energy management system according to the capacity gap. After the gas turbine starts successfully, the corresponding gas turbine outlet circuit breaker closes, the sixth circuit breaker 24 and the ninth circuit breaker 27 close (with a synchronizing device), and the other circuit breakers remain unchanged. The gas turbine and the small stack together supply power to the data center.

[0059] Furthermore, when the first power supply unit is under maintenance, the seventh circuit breaker 25, the sixth circuit breaker 24, the ninth circuit breaker 27, and the tenth circuit breaker 28 are closed, and the first circuit breaker 19 and the eighth circuit breaker 26 are opened, so that the second power supply unit and the second AC power supply 5 jointly provide power to the first busbar 6; the third circuit breaker 21 and the fourth circuit breaker 22 are opened, and the second circuit breaker 20 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 are closed, so that the first AC power supply 4 provides maintenance and start-up power to the first power supply unit.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the small reactor is under maintenance, there will be a significant power shortage for the data center operation. At this time, the seventh circuit breaker 25 closes, the first circuit breaker 19 and the eighth circuit breaker 26 open, and the sixth circuit breaker 24, the ninth circuit breaker 27 and the tenth circuit breaker 28 remain closed. The data center is powered by the gas turbine and the external second AC power supply 5. At the same time, the third circuit breaker 21 and the fourth circuit breaker 22 open, and the second circuit breaker 20 and the fifth circuit breaker 23 close. The power supply for reactor-side maintenance and the power supply for starting up after maintenance are both provided by the external first AC power supply 4. To ensure the continuous power supply needs of the data center, a switching method of closing before disconnecting is adopted in principle, but interlocking should be used to ensure that the relevant switching devices are disconnected in a timely manner.

[0061] By applying the above-described technical solution of the present invention, at least the following technical effects are achieved: 1. This invention breaks through the traditional independent construction mode by deeply coupling small modular reactors and data centers at the power supply and distribution system level, effectively reducing the overall redundancy of the system and construction investment, achieving a significant saving in overall cost, and significantly improving the market competitiveness and economic feasibility of small modular reactor and data center coupling projects; 2. By making reasonable use of and optimizing the combination of external power supplies of different voltage levels, this invention effectively reduces the construction investment and subsequent operation and maintenance costs of external power supply projects while fully ensuring the startup and fault backup needs of small modular reactors. 3. Based on the capacity characteristics and operating features of different power sources, this invention differentiates the grid connection voltage levels, thereby achieving multi-source coordinated power supply while saving transformer and high-voltage switch station bay resources and reducing equipment investment; 4. This invention covers all stages of the small modular reactor's lifecycle, from startup, normal operation, load fluctuations to maintenance shutdown. Through a logically rigorous power switching strategy, it ensures that the data center can obtain an uninterrupted and reliable power supply under any operating conditions.

[0062] The above are merely several specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0064] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A power supply and distribution system coupled to a small stack and a data center, characterized in that, It includes a first energy supply unit, a second energy supply unit, a load unit, and a first busbar (6); The first power supply unit is connected to the first AC power supply (4) through an auxiliary transformer (7), and the first AC power supply (4) is used to provide starting power for the first power supply unit; The first power supply unit is connected to the first busbar (6) via a first step-up transformer (8), the second power supply unit is connected to the first busbar (6) via a second step-up transformer (9), the load unit is connected to the first busbar (6) via a main transformer (10), and the first busbar (6) is also connected to a second AC power supply (5). The first power supply unit, the second power supply unit and the second AC power supply (5) are all used to provide power to the load unit.

2. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first busbar (6) adopts a single busbar connection method. The first busbar (6) is provided with five bays, namely the line inlet bay connected to the second AC power supply (5), the busbar PT bay, the main transformer outlet bay connected to the main transformer (10), the first step-up transformer bay connected to the first step-up transformer (8), and the second step-up transformer bay connected to the second step-up transformer (9).

3. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first power supply unit includes a high-voltage plant transformer (11), a first unit bus (15), and a second unit bus (16). The high-voltage plant transformer (11) is a three-winding transformer. The high-voltage plant transformer (11) is connected to the first step-up transformer (8), the first unit bus (15), and the second unit bus (16) respectively. A third circuit breaker (21) is installed between the high-voltage plant transformer (11) and the first unit bus (15), and a fourth circuit breaker (22) is installed between the high-voltage plant transformer (11) and the second unit bus (16).

4. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary transformer (7) is a three-winding transformer. The auxiliary transformer (7) is connected to the first unit bus (15) and the second unit bus (16) respectively. A second circuit breaker (20) is installed between the auxiliary transformer (7) and the first unit bus (15), and a fifth circuit breaker (23) is installed between the auxiliary transformer (7) and the second unit bus (16).

5. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first power supply unit also includes a steam turbine generator (17), which is connected between the high-voltage plant transformer (11) and the first step-up transformer (8) via a first circuit breaker (19).

6. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second power supply unit includes a gas turbine (18) and a gas turbine bus (12). The gas turbine (18) and the gas turbine bus (12) are connected by a circuit breaker. The gas turbine bus (12) is connected to the second step-up transformer (9) through a sixth circuit breaker (24).

7. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The load unit includes a first common busbar (13) and a second common busbar (14). Both the first common busbar (13) and the second common busbar (14) are connected to the main transformer (10) via circuit breakers. Both the first common busbar (13) and the second common busbar (14) are used to provide power to the computer rooms of each unit of the data center and the supporting facilities of the nuclear power plant.

8. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a third power supply unit, which includes a photovoltaic power generation device (30) connected to the second common busbar (14) via a third step-up transformer (29).

9. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A seventh circuit breaker (25) is provided between the first busbar (6) and the second AC power supply (5), a tenth circuit breaker (28) is provided between the first busbar (6) and the main transformer (10), an eighth circuit breaker (26) is provided between the first busbar (6) and the first step-up transformer (8), and a ninth circuit breaker (27) is provided between the first busbar (6) and the second step-up transformer (9).

10. A method for operating a power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor and a data center, applied to the power supply and distribution system coupled to a small modular reactor and a data center as described in claim 9, characterized in that, include: Disconnect the first circuit breaker (19), the third circuit breaker (21), the fourth circuit breaker (22), the sixth circuit breaker (24), the seventh circuit breaker (25), and the ninth circuit breaker (27), and close the second circuit breaker (20), the fifth circuit breaker (23), the eighth circuit breaker (26), and the tenth circuit breaker (28), so that the first AC power supply (4) provides starting power to the first power supply unit; Close the first circuit breaker (19), the third circuit breaker (21) and the fourth circuit breaker (22), and open the second circuit breaker (20) and the fifth circuit breaker (23). The first power supply unit provides power to the first busbar (6) through the first step-up transformer (8).

11. The working method according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the first power supply unit cannot meet the power demand of the load unit, the sixth circuit breaker (24) and the ninth circuit breaker (27) are closed, and the second power supply unit and the first power supply unit jointly provide power to the first bus (6).

12. The working method according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the first power supply unit is under maintenance, the seventh circuit breaker (25), the sixth circuit breaker (24), the ninth circuit breaker (27), and the tenth circuit breaker (28) are closed, and the first circuit breaker (19) and the eighth circuit breaker (26) are opened. The second power supply unit and the second AC power supply (5) jointly provide power to the first busbar (6). The third circuit breaker (21) and the fourth circuit breaker (22) are opened, and the second circuit breaker (20) and the fifth circuit breaker (23) are closed. The first AC power supply (4) provides maintenance and start-up power to the first power supply unit.

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