Optimal configuration method of energy management of photovoltaic and energy storage based on investment calculation of photovoltaic and energy storage integration

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic and energy storage energy management configuration method based on photovoltaic and energy storage integrated investment calculation, relates to the technical field of energy storage management, and is especially used for determining an energy balance boundary, collecting user loads in the energy balance boundary, determining a unified scheduling time slice and correcting abnormal records, forming candidate photovoltaic installed capacity according to roof arrangement, determining a power boundary according to transformer capacity, forming an energy storage candidate scheme, and combining the energy storage candidate scheme into a unified time sequence reference set; establishing hourly energy sequences and available states of each year, constructing charging and discharging tasks; respectively establishing logical energy records of photovoltaic sources and grid sources, outputting a redeemable energy path set and state of charge sequences of each scheme; determining feasible combinations, screening the feasible combinations, and generating an optimal combination; screening the energy storage candidate scheme; inputting the optimal combination into the screened energy storage candidate scheme to generate a final scheme; and generating energy management configuration content based on the final scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage management technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic and energy storage investment calculation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic (PV) and user-side energy storage projects, the configuration of PV installed capacity, energy storage power, and energy storage capacity has transformed from a single equipment selection problem into a comprehensive engineering problem constrained by factors such as roof availability, transformer and grid connection capacity, user load timing, PV output timing, time-of-use pricing, demand billing rules, surplus electricity grid connection price, equipment operating efficiency, capacity decay, and life-cycle return on investment. Existing, relatively similar technologies typically determine the PV installed capacity based on roof area, module density, and inverter specifications. Then, they determine the energy storage power and capacity based on the remaining transformer capacity, energy storage configuration ratio, preset charging and discharging duration, and available energy storage area. Finally, they summarize the annual revenue according to the PV self-consumption ratio, surplus electricity grid connection ratio, daily cycle count, annual operating days, peak-valley price difference, and expected peak-shaving power, thereby calculating the project's net present value, payback period, and internal rate of return. Some solutions also use typical daily or annual time-series data to generate charging and discharging plans under given PV and energy storage capacities.

[0003] The above methods can provide a preliminary investment comparison for projects, but they still lack a continuous correlation between equipment configuration, hourly energy management, and revenue recognition. Equipment capacity obtained based on roof area, transformer capacity, and site conditions only indicates that the corresponding equipment is ready for installation; it does not guarantee that the capacity can be effectively utilized under the actual load and photovoltaic output time distribution. Similarly, revenue estimated based on fixed cycle counts, average charge / discharge prices, and annual electricity ratios does not reflect the sequential relationship between electricity generation, charging, storage, discharge, and final settlement. Even if there is both surplus photovoltaic power and peak load in the annual statistics, actual operation may still fail to complete the expected energy transfer due to insufficient charging power, limited discharging power, occupied energy storage space, premature release of stored energy, or discontinuous charging and discharging periods. Especially when the same energy storage device simultaneously undertakes photovoltaic surplus power absorption, grid off-peak and flat-peak power replenishment, peak load replacement, and monthly demand control, these tasks will share the same energy storage capacity, the same converter power, and the same available electricity at the same time. Premature discharge during peak hours may weaken subsequent demand control capabilities, while excessive off-peak power replenishment may occupy the energy storage space required for subsequent photovoltaic surplus power. Current investment calculations struggle to continuously verify the end-use of electricity from different sources in energy storage. This can easily lead to the same portion of photovoltaic power generation being simultaneously counted as immediate self-consumption, surplus power fed into the grid, and energy storage revenue, or the same portion of energy storage discharge being simultaneously counted as peak-valley arbitrage and demand control revenue. As photovoltaic output and available energy storage capacity change annually during the project's operation, the fixed proportions and control plans established in the initial year may not match the actual equipment status in subsequent years. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation, comprising: Determine the energy balance boundary and collect the user load within the energy balance boundary. Based on the user load, determine the unified scheduling time slice and correct abnormal records. Form candidate photovoltaic installation capacity according to the roof layout and divide the self-consumption, surplus electricity and surplus load hourly. Determine the power boundary according to the transformer capacity and form energy storage candidate schemes. Combine the user load, unified scheduling time slice, photovoltaic candidate schemes, self-consumption, surplus electricity and surplus load into a unified time series reference set. Based on the unified time series reference set, the hourly energy sequence and availability status of each year are established. By identifying the continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus power, charging and storage tasks and discharging tasks are generated. When capacity or power conflicts occur, high-value tasks are retained according to the incremental contribution of the task life cycle, and a set of revenue-constrained running tasks is output. Read the set of tasks constrained by revenue and process the charging and storage tasks in chronological order. Establish logical energy records for photovoltaic sources and grid sources respectively, and update storage losses and energy storage occupancy status. Filter callable records from the discharge tasks according to revenue use and determine the actual realized discharge amount. Connect the photovoltaic source, logical energy records, and actual realized discharge amount into an energy path, and verify the energy path to determine it as a realizable energy path. Traverse the energy storage candidate schemes and output the set of realizable energy paths and the state of charge sequence of each scheme. Based on the set of available energy paths, converter equipment and battery combinations are determined. The converter equipment and battery combinations are substituted into the path verification engineering boundary to generate feasible combinations. The feasible combinations are screened and the optimal combination is generated. The energy storage candidate schemes are screened based on the initial energy storage rated capacity. The optimal combination is input into the screened energy storage candidate schemes to generate the final scheme. Energy management configuration content is generated based on the final scheme.

[0006] In some embodiments, the step of forming candidate photovoltaic installation capacity based on roof layout specifically includes: Determine the number of complete photovoltaic modules that can be installed in each installation area based on the actual arrangement of the photovoltaic modules. Verification is performed based on the number of strings that can be connected to the photovoltaic inverter equipment and the range of compatibility. The equipment combination that can form a complete string, meets the inverter equipment access conditions, and meets the maintenance and fire protection layout requirements is identified as a candidate photovoltaic installation scheme. The candidate photovoltaic installation capacity is obtained by summing the rated capacity of the components in the corresponding scheme, and is associated with the installation area, number of components, string structure and inverter equipment configuration.

[0007] In some embodiments, establishing the hourly energy sequence and availability status for each year based on the unified time series reference set specifically includes: Based on the photovoltaic power output attenuation parameters, the hourly photovoltaic power generation of the base year is converted into the corresponding values ​​for each operating year, and the hourly photovoltaic real-time self-consumption, hourly photovoltaic surplus power and hourly surplus load are reclassified; Based on the capacity retention characteristics and battery replacement conditions of the candidate energy storage equipment schemes, the capacity retention status corresponding to each operating year is determined. When the replacement conditions are met, the capacity retention status after replacement is re-determined according to the replacement scheme adopted.

[0008] In some embodiments, generating charging and discharging tasks by respectively identifying continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus electricity specifically includes: According to the order of scheduling time slots, adjacent time slots that all have hourly photovoltaic surplus power are combined into a charging and storage task, and the start time, end time, photovoltaic surplus power available for charging in each time slot, allowable charging power, and surplus power grid connection price are recorded. The hourly photovoltaic surplus power, the energy storage charging power boundary corresponding to the transmittable power within the time slice, and the charging efficiency are all taken into account based on the actual charging demand of each time slice. The hourly photovoltaic surplus power exceeding the actual charging demand continues to be stored as surplus power and connected to the grid.

[0009] In some embodiments, charging and discharging tasks are generated by identifying continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus power, specifically including: In valley or flat sections, generate replenishment candidates based on available power and generate them to bind future discharge tasks; Discharge generation and demand control tasks are performed during peak or peak periods.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of generating replenishment candidates based on available power during valley or flat periods and generating future discharge tasks specifically includes: Within a time slot where the electricity price is in a valley or flat period, grid replenishment candidate tasks are formed based on the current available power of the transformer, the energy storage charging power boundary, and the duration of the scheduling time slot. Each grid replenishment candidate task is bound to a load substitution discharge task or demand control task that occurs after it. The grid replenishment demand is determined by the amount of electricity that the bound discharge task has not yet been covered by the charging source, and by deducting the effective amount of electricity that could be provided by the photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage task before the discharge task occurs. When there are future photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage tasks, the energy storage space required to receive the photovoltaic surplus power should be reserved, and the remaining space should be allocated to grid supplementary power candidate tasks.

[0011] In some embodiments, the discharge task of generating discharge and demand control at the peak or apex segment specifically includes: The load replacement discharge task is formed based on the hourly remaining load of the peak or peak period. The discharge demand of each time slot is taken from the range allowed by the hourly remaining load, the output power corresponding to the energy storage discharge power boundary in that time slot, and the capacity of the energy storage converter. Each demand settlement cycle is processed according to the demand settlement attributes. Starting from the actual billing demand before the intervention of energy storage, the candidate demand control value is reduced step by step according to the executable power adjustment level. The lower limit of the candidate demand control value is jointly determined by the lowest level after deducting the energy storage discharge power boundary from the maximum remaining load of the cycle, the minimum declaration conditions of the contract, and the project's allowable control range. The portion of the hourly remaining load that exceeds the candidate demand control value forms a demand control task, and adjacent over-limit time slots form a continuous demand control interval. When demand control and peak load substitution conditions are present simultaneously in the same time slot, the discharge portion required to reach the candidate demand control value is assigned to the demand control task, and the remaining available discharge capacity is assigned to the load substitution discharge task.

[0012] In some embodiments, establishing logical energy records for photovoltaic sources and grid sources respectively specifically includes: When the charging and storage task arrives, the portion of the photovoltaic power that is actually allowed to enter the energy storage is extracted from the hourly residual photovoltaic power of the corresponding time slice, and a photovoltaic source logical energy record is established. When the grid replenishment candidate task arrives, the portion that actually enters the energy storage is extracted from the corresponding valley or flat replenishment demand, and a grid source logical energy record is established.

[0013] In some embodiments, the actual realized discharge amount is calculated and generated by the amount of electricity that can still be provided to the load side, the amount of discharge that the current revenue task still needs to complete, the amount of electricity that can be output within the current scheduling time slice, and the amount of releaseable electricity obtained by deducting the minimum reserved electricity after the current time slice ends.

[0014] In some embodiments, substituting the converter and battery combination into the path verification engineering boundary to generate a feasible combination specifically includes: The actual rated power of the energy storage converter and the actual rated capacity, allowable charge range and capacity retention status of the energy storage battery combination in each operating year are substituted into the corresponding complete path combination, and the charging power, discharging power, actual energy storage occupied power, minimum reserved power and minimum reserved space are checked hourly. If any time segment exceeds the transformer capacity, grid connection point power limit, converter equipment capacity, battery allowable charge range, or energy storage deployment conditions, the entire combination will be determined as an unworkable solution; otherwise, the entire combination will be determined as a feasible combination.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention revolves around the core requirement of consistency between investment return calculation, equipment configuration, and energy management execution. It organizes project engineering boundaries, hourly energy relationships, revenue task formation, energy path verification, equipment selection, and operation control into a continuous processing flow. First, based on the actual load range covered by the grid connection point, it obtains user load, unit installed photovoltaic output, time-of-use electricity price, surplus electricity grid connection price, demand settlement rules, rooftop and energy storage deployment conditions, transformer and grid connection point capacity, candidate photovoltaic and candidate energy storage equipment parameters, and life cycle economic parameters. Candidate configurations are formed by combining actually installable components, inverters, battery equipment, and energy storage converters. Under a unified scheduling time scale, the instantaneous photovoltaic self-consumption, surplus photovoltaic power, and remaining load corresponding to each candidate configuration are determined. Subsequently, the photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage, grid off-peak and flat-peak power supplementation, peak load substitution, and monthly demand control are converted into operation tasks with definite occurrence times, power demands, electricity demands, usage time limits, and revenue uses. Based on the energy storage capacity required to be retained for subsequent discharge tasks and the idle capacity required to be retained for subsequent photovoltaic surplus power, energy storage operation restrictions that change with scheduling time are formed, so that ordinary peak-valley regulation can only use the remaining energy storage range after the subsequent peak shaving and photovoltaic consumption tasks are completed.

[0016] For the actual energy storage power used in each operational task, a continuous record is established according to the charging source, formation time, predetermined discharge task, and sole revenue purpose. During the hourly charging and discharging process, the remaining power, task requirements, and energy storage space occupancy are deducted simultaneously. The corresponding revenue is confirmed based on the actual load substitution results and demand settlement results, ensuring a clear and unique power allocation among photovoltaic self-consumption, surplus power to the grid, photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage, grid supplementation, peak load substitution, and demand control. The energy transfer process, verified by source, time, power, capacity, and purpose, forms a redeemable energy path. The redeemable energy paths of each candidate configuration under different operating years are further combined with photovoltaic output decay, energy storage capacity maintenance status, and battery replacement conditions to form corresponding annual cash flows. Finally, based on the maximum hourly charging power, maximum hourly discharging power, actual energy storage power occupied, and the reserved space required for subsequent photovoltaic surplus power of each redeemable energy path, the photovoltaic installed capacity, rated energy storage power, and rated energy storage capacity that can continuously support the corresponding path are determined. The actual equipment combination is determined in combination with standard equipment specifications, transformer capacity, grid connection restrictions, and energy storage deployment conditions. The charging source, discharging purpose, minimum reserved capacity, minimum reserved space, demand control value and power limit corresponding to the equipment configuration are written into the energy management system. The energy management system issues charging, discharging or holding instructions based on the current load of the grid connection point, the current photovoltaic output and the current energy storage status, and updates the energy storage capacity that can be called up for subsequent tasks and the remaining demand according to the actual executed power, so that the whole life cycle investment calculation results, equipment configuration results and actual energy management process correspond to the same set of executable energy paths.

[0017] The investment evaluation parameters in this invention are used to select configuration options among candidate schemes that have been verified by energy source, time, power, capacity, use and engineering boundaries. They do not output financial recommendations that are detached from equipment capacity and energy management execution. The final configuration result needs to be able to be translated into charge and discharge conditions, power boundaries and energy storage state constraints that can be executed by the project controller. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a photovoltaic energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic and energy storage investment calculation in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] refer to Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on photovoltaic-storage integrated investment calculation is proposed, including: S1: Determine the energy balance boundary and collect user loads within the energy balance boundary. Based on the user loads, determine a unified scheduling time slice and correct abnormal records. Form candidate photovoltaic installation capacities according to the roof layout, and divide the loads into self-consumption, surplus electricity, and remaining loads hourly. Determine the power boundary based on transformer capacity and form energy storage candidate schemes. Combine the user loads, unified scheduling time slices, photovoltaic candidate schemes, self-consumption, surplus electricity, and remaining loads into a unified time series reference set, specifically including: The energy balance boundary of the photovoltaic and energy storage project is determined, using the grid connection point where the photovoltaic and energy storage systems are to be connected as the boundary benchmark. The boundary includes project loads powered by this grid connection point and capable of being replaced by energy storage discharge. The boundary range is determined based on the power distribution system diagram, grid connection scheme, and on-site metering relationships. User load data is collected through the project's main electricity meter, transformer metering devices, or existing energy management systems. The collected data includes the collection time, electricity consumption within the sampling period, corresponding power records, and the operating status of the metering devices. When the project has multiple metering points, metering records belonging to the energy balance boundary are selected based on the electrical connection relationship between each metering point and the grid connection point, and aggregated according to the same collection time. The original metering boundaries are retained for leased areas, independently billed areas, backup lines, and loads not passing through the grid connection point. Metering data is obtained through the electricity meter communication interface, energy management system data interface, or historical data files confirmed by the project entity. Load records use aggregated data at the enterprise, park, or building level. The unit installed photovoltaic (PV) output is primarily obtained from the monitoring platform of PV systems already in operation at the project site or in a nearby area. The acquired data includes PV power generation records, effective installed capacity, inverter equipment operating status, and power curtailment or shutdown status. The unit installed PV output is calculated based on the PV power generation records and effective installed capacity during normal operation. If no usable measured records are available for the project, the typical design year PV output, confirmed by the project designers, is used. When different roofs exhibit significant differences in orientation, tilt angle, or shading conditions, separate unit installed PV output records are established for each installation area to ensure that the PV power generation characteristics of each installation area correspond to its actual layout conditions.

[0021] Obtain the applicable time-of-use pricing, surplus electricity feed-in price, and demand settlement rules for the project, and convert the relevant settlement content into time attributes that can correspond to scheduling time slots. The time-of-use pricing and surplus electricity feed-in price are obtained from power supply contracts, electricity bills, power sales contracts, or current electricity pricing policy documents. The demand settlement rules are obtained from power supply contracts and actual settlement data. These rules include the settlement cycle, metering records involved in demand determination, the method for determining maximum demand, and the handling method for exceeding agreed conditions. For projects with different electricity prices applicable to different seasons, workdays, holidays, and special months, record the corresponding valley, flat, peak, and peak period attributes according to the rules actually applicable to each date. The usable roof area, transformer capacity, grid connection point allowable power, energy storage deployment area, and technical parameters of the proposed equipment are obtained. The usable roof area is determined based on site survey records, architectural drawings, and photovoltaic layout plans, excluding obstructed areas, maintenance access routes, fire access routes, lighting areas, and areas where equipment foundations and load-bearing conditions are not met. The energy storage deployment area is determined based on the energy storage layout plan, fire safety conditions, maintenance space, cable laying conditions, and hoisting conditions. The transformer capacity and grid connection point allowable power are determined based on the power distribution system diagram, equipment nameplates, historical operating records, and connection conditions. The rated parameters, efficiency, allowable operating range, and capacity retention characteristics of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic inverters, energy storage batteries, and energy storage converters are obtained from the corresponding equipment technical documents. Photovoltaic equipment investment, energy storage equipment investment, operation and maintenance costs, photovoltaic output degradation, energy storage usable capacity degradation, battery replacement conditions, project operating period, and investment evaluation parameters are obtained from equipment quotations, procurement lists, operation and maintenance contracts, equipment technical documents, and project investment requirements, and are established as fixed links with the corresponding equipment solutions.

[0022] The unified scheduling time slot is determined based on user load, unit installed photovoltaic output, electricity price records, and the time scale supported by the proposed energy management system. When the sampling period of the original records is shorter than the unified scheduling time slot, the electricity consumption and photovoltaic power generation within the same scheduling time slot are accumulated separately, and the power records used for maximum demand determination are retained according to the demand settlement rules. When the sampling period of the original records is longer than the unified scheduling time slot, more detailed time records are retrieved from the metering device historical database, the energy management system, or the power supply metering files. For data intervals where only longer-term electricity consumption can be obtained but corresponding power changes cannot be obtained, these data intervals are retained for total electricity consumption and basic investment calculations, and a time-series integrity state is set to limit the generation range of subsequent demand control tasks. Duplicate, missing, and abnormal records in user load and photovoltaic output are differentiated and processed. When multiple records appear at the same metering point at the same collection time, the valid record is determined based on the metering device number, record generation time, and equipment status. When a sudden change in load occurs, the on-site operating status corresponding to the change is determined by combining power outage records, production start-up and shutdown records, metering device alarms, and transformer operation records. Missing records are first supplemented through metering system backups, power supply metering files, or monitoring history databases. If missing records still exist, a normal date of the same month, date type, and production status is selected to form a replacement record, and the replacement status is set. When photovoltaic output shows non-zero records at night, auxiliary power consumption or communication noise is identified by combining inverter equipment status. When daytime output is significantly reduced, the actual low output, equipment shutdown, or communication failure status is determined by combining inverter equipment alarms, maintenance records, power limiting records, and on-site operating conditions. After processing, a unique monthly attribute, date attribute, electricity price attribute, demand settlement attribute, and data status are established for each unified scheduling time slice, so that user load, photovoltaic output, electricity purchase price, surplus electricity grid connection price, and demand settlement cycle within the same time slice form a definite correspondence.

[0023] Candidate photovoltaic (PV) installed capacities are formed based on the available rooftop area and actual equipment combinations. First, the number of complete PV modules that can be installed in each installation area is determined according to the actual arrangement of the PV modules. Then, the number of strings that can be connected to the PV inverter equipment and their compatibility range are verified. Equipment combinations that can form complete strings, meet the inverter equipment connection conditions, and comply with maintenance and fire safety requirements are determined as candidate PV installation schemes. The candidate PV installed capacity is obtained by summing the rated capacity of the modules in the corresponding candidate PV installation scheme. Each candidate PV installed capacity is associated with a specific installation area, number of modules, string structure, and inverter equipment configuration. For each candidate PV installed capacity, the hourly PV power generation is generated according to the unit installed PV output of each installation area. When a candidate scheme includes multiple installation areas with different output characteristics, the hourly PV power generation of each installation area is generated separately, and then summarized according to the same scheduling time slot. Subsequently, within each scheduling time slot, hourly photovoltaic (PV) power generation is compared with hourly user load. The portion that can be directly absorbed by the current user load is determined as hourly PV immediate self-consumption; the portion exceeding the current user load is determined as hourly PV surplus power; and the portion of user load not yet satisfied by PV power generation is determined as hourly surplus load. Taking a specific scheduling time slot as an example, when the user load is 100 and PV power generation is 60, the PV immediate self-consumption is 60, the PV surplus power is zero, and the surplus load is 40. When the user load is 100 and PV power generation is 140, the PV immediate self-consumption is 100, the PV surplus power is 40, and the surplus load is 0. This division ensures that the same portion of PV power generation has a unique basic destination within the current time slot and provides direct data for subsequent PV surplus power charging and storage tasks and load substitution discharge tasks.

[0024] Based on the transformer capacity, grid connection point allowable power, and historical load conditions, the maximum allowable charging power and maximum allowable discharging power on the project side are determined. The maximum allowable charging power on the project side is the range allowed by both the transformer's remaining carrying capacity and the grid connection point's allowable input capacity during energy storage charging. The maximum allowable discharging power on the project side is the range allowed by the user's replaceable load, transformer operating requirements, and the grid connection point's allowable output capacity. Candidate energy storage converter equipment schemes are formed based on the obtained specifications. The rated charging capacity and rated discharging capacity of each candidate scheme are compared with the maximum allowable charging power and maximum allowable discharging power on the project side, respectively. The smaller of the two allowable ranges forms the energy storage charging power boundary and energy storage discharging power boundary for that candidate scheme. Based on the energy storage deployment area, equipment shape, maintenance space, fire protection conditions, and battery equipment specifications, complete battery equipment combinations that can be practically deployed are determined. Candidate energy storage battery schemes and their maximum allowable installed rated capacities are formed from these complete battery equipment combinations. Each candidate energy storage device scheme consists of a determined energy storage converter scheme and an energy storage battery scheme, and is bound to its rated power, rated capacity, allowable charge range, operating efficiency, capacity retention characteristics, equipment investment, operation and maintenance costs, and battery replacement conditions.

[0025] For each candidate photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, the hourly user load, hourly PV power generation, hourly PV immediate self-consumption, hourly PV surplus power, and hourly remaining load are correlated with the electricity price attributes, surplus power grid connection price attributes, demand settlement attributes, and data status of the same dispatch time slot. Furthermore, the energy storage charging power boundary, energy storage discharging power boundary, maximum allowable installed rated capacity, equipment technical parameters, and lifecycle economic parameters of each candidate energy storage device scheme are correlated to form a unified time-series benchmark set for PV-storage projects. This unified time-series benchmark set uses the combination of candidate PV installed capacity and candidate energy storage device schemes as the basic analysis object, enabling subsequent steps to form operational tasks, verify energy paths, and select the final equipment combination under a defined PV configuration, energy storage device capacity, and on-site engineering boundaries.

[0026] S2: Based on the unified time series benchmark set, establish hourly energy sequences and availability status for each year. Generate charging and discharging tasks by identifying continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus power. When capacity or power conflicts occur, retain high-value tasks based on their incremental contribution throughout the task's lifecycle, and output a set of revenue-constrained running tasks, specifically including: The unified time-series reference set for photovoltaic and energy storage projects generated by S1 is read, and continuous operation sequences are established according to the combinations of candidate photovoltaic installed capacity and candidate energy storage equipment schemes. Based on the photovoltaic output degradation parameters, the hourly photovoltaic power generation of the reference year is converted into the hourly photovoltaic power generation corresponding to each operating year. Then, the hourly photovoltaic self-consumption, hourly photovoltaic surplus power, and hourly surplus load are reclassified based on the hourly photovoltaic power generation and hourly user load of each operating year. Based on the capacity retention characteristics and battery replacement conditions of the candidate energy storage equipment schemes, the capacity retention status corresponding to each operating year is determined; for operating years that meet the battery replacement conditions, the capacity retention status after replacement is re-determined according to the adopted replacement scheme. This forms the hourly energy sequence and energy storage availability status for each candidate combination in each operating year.

[0027] Power and electricity consumption during task execution are recorded separately. The amount of electricity allowed to be charged or discharged in a given scheduling time slot is determined by the allowed charging / discharging power and the duration of the scheduling time slot. Hourly surplus photovoltaic power, hourly remaining load, and task-required electricity consumption all use the electricity consumption metric within the scheduling time slot; project-side power boundaries, energy storage converter capacity, and task power requirements all use the power metric. When performing constraint comparisons, the power is first converted into the amount of electricity that can be transmitted in that time slot according to the scheduling time slot duration, and then compared with the hourly surplus photovoltaic power, hourly remaining load, or task-required electricity consumption.

[0028] Continuous photovoltaic surplus power intervals are identified according to the order of scheduling time slots. When adjacent time slots all have hourly photovoltaic surplus power, these time slots are grouped into a photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage task, and the task start time, end time, available photovoltaic surplus power for charging in each time slot, allowed charging power, and the corresponding surplus power grid-connected price are recorded. The actual charging demand for each time slot is taken as the range allowed by the hourly photovoltaic surplus power, the energy storage charging power boundary corresponding to the transferable power within that time slot, and the charging efficiency. Hourly photovoltaic surplus power exceeding the actual charging demand continues to maintain its surplus power grid-connected attribute.

[0029] Within time slots where electricity prices fall within off-peak or flat periods, grid replenishment candidate tasks are generated based on the transformer's current available power, energy storage charging power boundaries, and the duration of the dispatch time slot. Each grid replenishment candidate task is bound to a subsequent load substitution discharge task or demand control task. Grid replenishment demand is determined forward from the amount of electricity for which the bound discharge task has not yet received charging coverage, minus the effective amount of electricity that could be provided by the photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage task before the discharge task occurs. When a photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage task exists in the future, the energy storage space required to receive the photovoltaic surplus electricity is reserved first, and the remaining space is allocated to the grid replenishment candidate tasks.

[0030] Load substitution discharge tasks are formed based on the hourly remaining load during peak or peak periods. The discharge demand for each time slot is taken as the range allowed by the hourly remaining load, the energy storage discharge power boundary corresponding to the output power within that time slot, and the capacity of the energy storage converter. Each demand settlement cycle is processed separately according to the demand settlement attributes. The actual billable demand before the intervention of energy storage in that cycle is used as the starting point of the candidate demand control value, and the candidate demand control value is reduced step by step according to the power adjustment level that the energy management system can execute. The lower limit of the candidate demand control value is jointly determined by the lowest level that can be achieved after deducting the energy storage discharge power boundary from the maximum remaining load of that cycle, the minimum declaration conditions stipulated in the power supply contract, and the control range allowed by the project. The portion of the hourly remaining load that exceeds a certain candidate demand control value forms a corresponding demand control task, and adjacent time slots exceeding the limit form a continuous demand control interval. When the same time slot has both demand control and peak load substitution conditions, the discharge portion required to reach the candidate demand control value is included in the demand control task, and the remaining available discharge capacity is included in the load substitution discharge task.

[0031] After various tasks are formed, the minimum reserve capacity is determined backward from the start time of each future discharge task. First, the available energy that needs to be provided by energy storage when the discharge task is completed is determined. Then, the photovoltaic surplus energy charging and storage tasks and grid replenishment candidate tasks that can be executed before the task starts are checked in sequence. The effective energy that can be charged before the task starts is used to reduce the energy that needs to be reserved in earlier time slots, and the discharge demand that has not yet been covered by charging sources continues to be passed forward. When multiple future discharge tasks occur consecutively, the demand of each task that has not yet been covered by charging sources is accumulated according to the actual execution order to form the minimum reserve capacity that must be retained in energy storage for each time slot. For example, if there is a normal peak discharge task in the evening, and a peak shaving task that determines the demand cost for the month is scheduled for the next morning, and there is only one valley replenishment time slot between the two, then the energy storage capacity required for the peak shaving task on the next morning is first determined. Then, the energy that can actually be replenished in the valley time slot is deducted, and the remaining part is determined as the energy that still needs to be retained after the peak discharge in the evening ends.

[0032] The minimum reserved capacity is determined by working backward from the start time of each future photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage task. First, the amount of electricity that a continuous photovoltaic surplus power interval can receive within the energy storage charging power boundary is determined. Then, the load substitution discharge tasks and demand control tasks that can be executed before the start of that interval are checked sequentially. Energy storage space that can be released through actual surplus load is used to accommodate subsequent photovoltaic surplus power; space requirements that have not yet been released are passed forward. For example, if a continuous photovoltaic surplus power interval requires 350 energy storage space at noon, and the space that can be released through actual load before noon is 100, then a minimum reserved capacity of 250 must still be maintained after the discharge process is completed. Previously formed grid-based power replenishment candidate tasks can only use the remaining capacity after deducting this reserved capacity.

[0033] The minimum reserved capacity, minimum reserved space, and the actual available energy storage capacity of the current candidate energy storage equipment scheme in the corresponding operating year jointly determine the energy storage range that can be used for ordinary peak-valley regulation. The minimum reserved capacity is recorded according to the state at the end of the scheduling time slice, representing the capacity that still needs to be reserved for subsequent demand control tasks and load substitution discharge tasks after the tasks within the current time slice are completed. The minimum reserved space represents the capacity that still needs to be idle at the end of the current time slice to accommodate subsequent photovoltaic surplus energy charging and storage tasks. The actual available energy storage capacity in the corresponding operating year is determined by the rated capacity, allowable charge range, capacity maintenance status, and battery replacement status of the candidate energy storage equipment scheme in that operating year. The available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation represents the energy range between the minimum reserved capacity and the minimum reserved space that can be occupied by ordinary peak-valley tasks, specifically expressed as follows: ; in, Indicates the first The range of energy storage that can be allocated to ordinary peak-valley regulation tasks after a scheduling time slice ends; This indicates the current candidate energy storage device scheme in the [number]th [year]. The actual available energy storage capacity of the operating year to which each scheduling time slice belongs; Indicates the first After a task within a scheduling time slice is completed, the minimum amount of electricity reserved for the discharge task after that time slice. Indicates the first After the tasks within a scheduling time slice are completed, the minimum idle capacity reserved for photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage tasks after that time slice; Indicates the time slice sequence number. , , and All calculations use the same unit of electricity. The minimum reserved capacity and minimum reserved space are derived from the requirements of subsequent discharge tasks and the space requirements of subsequent photovoltaic surplus energy charging and storage tasks, respectively. When the actual available energy storage capacity for a certain time period is taken as 1000, the minimum reserved capacity as 350, and the minimum reserved space as 400, the available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation is 250. When the minimum reserved capacity increases to 650, the calculation result is less than zero, and the corresponding task combination cannot be jointly undertaken by the current candidate energy storage equipment scheme.

[0034] When capacity or power conflicts occur in the task combination, the selection is based on the incremental contribution of the task's lifecycle corresponding to the candidate energy storage equipment scheme. The equipment occupancy cost of a task is allocated based on the proportion of the cumulative charge and discharge electricity occupied by the task during the project operation period to the total allowable lifecycle discharge of the candidate energy storage battery scheme, and is included in the variable operation and maintenance expenditure of the corresponding energy storage converter equipment. The incremental contribution of the photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage task is obtained by discounting the actual electricity purchase substitution value in each operating year after deducting the opportunity cost of surplus electricity grid connection, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost; the incremental contribution of the grid supplementary power task is obtained by discounting the actual electricity purchase substitution value in each operating year after deducting the supplementary power purchase cost, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost; the incremental contribution of the demand control task is obtained by discounting the actual reduction in demand costs and the value of the accompanying electricity in each operating year after deducting the corresponding source cost, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost. Conflicting tasks are first processed according to the latest execution time, then tasks with higher incremental contribution of lifecycle are retained, and the minimum reserved electricity, minimum reserved space, and available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation are re-determined based on the retention results.

[0035] After processing, a revenue-constrained operational task set is formed. The revenue-constrained operational task set is organized according to candidate photovoltaic installed capacity, candidate energy storage equipment scheme, operating year, and candidate demand control value. It fully inherits the unified time series benchmark set of photovoltaic and energy storage projects, and records the charging source, start time, end time, scheduled usage time, latest execution time, hourly charging demand, hourly discharging demand, sole revenue use, source cost, energy loss, equipment occupancy cost, life cycle incremental contribution, minimum reserved power, minimum reserved space, and available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation for each task.

[0036] S3: Read the set of tasks constrained by revenue, process the charging and storage tasks in chronological order, establish logical energy records for photovoltaic and grid sources respectively, update storage losses and energy storage occupancy status, filter callable records from the discharge tasks according to revenue use, determine the actual realized discharge amount, connect the photovoltaic source, logical energy records, and actual realized discharge amount to form an energy path, verify the energy path to determine it as a realizable energy path, traverse the energy storage candidate schemes, and output the set of realizable energy paths and the state of charge sequence of each scheme, specifically including: Read the complete set of revenue-constrained operational tasks generated by S2, and establish an hourly energy transfer sequence according to the candidate photovoltaic installed capacity, operating year, and scheduling time slice. The photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage tasks, grid replenishment tasks, load substitution discharge tasks, and demand control tasks in the revenue-constrained operational task set are provided with the charging source, task start and end time, scheduled usage time, latest execution time, hourly charging demand, hourly discharge demand, and sole revenue use, respectively. The minimum reserved capacity is used to limit the energy storage capacity reserved for subsequent discharge tasks, the minimum reserved space is used to limit the idle capacity reserved for subsequent photovoltaic surplus power, and the available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation is used to limit the energy storage range that ordinary load substitution tasks can occupy. The hourly surplus photovoltaic power inherited by the revenue-constrained task set is used to verify the photovoltaic source charging amount, the hourly surplus load is used to verify the actual replaceable purchase amount, the electricity price attribute and the surplus electricity grid connection price attribute are used to determine the charging cost and the discharge value, the demand settlement attribute is used to verify the demand control result, the data status is used to limit the time series recording range adopted by the path, the energy storage power boundary, the energy storage capacity boundary and the equipment technical parameters are used to limit the charging and discharging process, and the life cycle economic parameters are used to determine the revenue and cost of each path during the project operation period.

[0037] Each charging task is processed according to the order of the scheduling time slices. When a photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage task arrives, the portion actually allowed to enter the energy storage is extracted from the hourly photovoltaic surplus power of the corresponding time slice, and a photovoltaic source logical energy record is established. When a grid power replenishment task arrives, the portion actually entering the energy storage is extracted from the corresponding valley or flat-segment power replenishment demand, and a grid source logical energy record is established. Each logical energy record records the candidate photovoltaic installed capacity, the year of operation, the charging source, the charging start and end time, the actual stored electricity, the source cost, the scheduled discharge task, the sole revenue use, the latest usage time, the remaining redeemable electricity, and the data status. The source cost of the photovoltaic source logical energy record is the opportunity cost of giving up surplus photovoltaic power to the grid, and the source cost of the grid source logical energy record is the electricity purchase cost of the corresponding valley or flat-segment. The actual stored electricity is determined based on the charging efficiency of the corresponding equipment scheme. When the same continuous charging task corresponds to multiple subsequent revenue uses, logical energy records are established separately according to the discharge tasks determined in S2, and the stored electricity is allocated sequentially according to the latest execution time and the electricity required for the task, so that each record is bound to only one revenue use.

[0038] At the start of each scheduling time slice, the remaining redeemable electricity of each logical energy record is updated based on the equipment's storage loss characteristics and record retention time, and these are aggregated to form the current energy storage occupied electricity. The difference between the current energy storage occupied electricity and the energy storage capacity boundary forms the current remaining energy storage space. Logic energy records originating from photovoltaics preferentially use the current remaining energy storage space, while logic energy records originating from the grid use the remaining space after deducting the minimum reserved space. After charging is completed, the actual stored electricity, the current energy storage occupied electricity, and the unfinished electricity of the corresponding charging task in the logical energy records are updated synchronously. The logical energy records formed by surplus photovoltaic electricity maintain a unique classification relationship with the hourly photovoltaic real-time self-consumption and surplus electricity fed into the grid, ensuring that the same portion of photovoltaic power generation enters only one energy destination.

[0039] Upon reaching the time slice corresponding to a discharge task, available logical energy records are first filtered based on their unique benefit purpose. Demand control tasks call records bound to demand control purposes, while load substitution discharge tasks call records bound to load substitution purposes. When multiple records exist for the same purpose, they are called in the following order: earliest latest usage time, earliest formation time, and greatest expected storage loss. The redeemable electricity in the current time slice is simultaneously limited by the remaining electricity in the logical energy record, the current task requirements, the equipment output capacity, and the electricity that must be retained after the current task is completed, specifically as follows: ; in, This represents the amount of discharge that has actually realized its benefits in the current logical energy record within the current scheduling time slice; This indicates the amount of electricity that can still be supplied to the load side after deducting previous discharge, charge / discharge losses, and storage losses from the logical energy record; This indicates the amount of discharge required to complete the current revenue task; This indicates the amount of electricity that the energy storage discharge power boundary and the energy storage converter capacity allow to output within the current scheduling time slice; This represents the total available logical energy that can be supplied to the load side, minus the minimum reserve energy determined by S2 after the current time slice ends, resulting in the releaseable energy. All of the above uses the same energy metric within the same scheduling time slice. When the value is less than zero, it is treated as zero. Both demand control tasks and load substitution discharge tasks use the same state constraint, so that the energy storage capacity that has been allocated to subsequent tasks by S2 can still be retained after the current task is completed.

[0040] For example, if a logical energy record shows a current remaining redeemable energy of 95, a current task requiring 80, and the equipment can output a maximum of 70 in the current time slice, and after deducting the minimum reserved energy, the current state allows for the release of 60, then the current actual redeemable energy is 60. After discharge, the remaining redeemable energy of this logical energy record decreases by 60, the unfinished demand of the current task decreases by 60, and the hourly remaining load decreases by 60 simultaneously. This process ensures that each discharge has a defined energy storage source, actual load demand, equipment output capacity, and subsequent task guarantee conditions.

[0041] When demand control tasks are executed, the portion of the current hourly remaining load exceeding the candidate demand control value constitutes discharge demand. After completing all demand control tasks within the corresponding settlement period, the actual billable demand for that settlement period is re-determined based on the hourly remaining load after discharge, and the actual reduction in demand costs is determined according to the demand settlement attributes. When load substitution discharge tasks are executed, the actual delivered electricity must not exceed the current hourly remaining load. The path revenue recorded by photovoltaic sources is obtained by deducting the opportunity cost of surplus electricity grid connection, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost from the value generated by replacing electricity purchases during the discharge period. The path revenue recorded by grid sources is obtained by deducting the cost of supplementary electricity purchases, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost from the value generated by replacing electricity purchases during the discharge period. When discharge in the same time slot simultaneously produces demand reduction and electricity substitution effects, demand control is used as the sole revenue application for that discharge path, and the corresponding reduction in purchased electricity value is recorded as an ancillary revenue record for that path.

[0042] After the logical energy record completes charging, storage, and discharging within the predetermined discharge time, the charging source, charging time, storage range, discharge time, actual transferred electricity, hourly charging power, hourly discharging power, energy storage space occupancy, and sole revenue use are connected to form an energy path. The formed energy path is then verified sequentially for source, time, power, capacity, and purpose. Source verification confirms that the path's charging volume can find an equivalent source in the corresponding hourly photovoltaic surplus electricity or grid replenishment task; time verification confirms that the charging process precedes the discharging process and falls within the time allowed by the task; power verification confirms that the hourly charging and discharging power are within the energy storage power boundary; capacity verification confirms that the energy storage occupancy of all logical energy records and the minimum reserved space are both within the energy storage capacity boundary, and that the usable energy storage after normal discharge meets the minimum reserved capacity; purpose verification confirms that the same portion of charging and discharging volume corresponds to only one revenue use. Energy paths that complete the above verifications and actually generate electricity purchase substitution or demand reduction results are determined as verifiable energy paths.

[0043] Following the same processing procedure, the logical energy records for all candidate photovoltaic installed capacity, candidate energy storage equipment schemes, candidate demand control values, operating years, and scheduling time slices are generated, hourly discharge realization is achieved, and path verification is performed, forming a set of realizable energy paths. The set of realizable energy paths stores complete path combinations that can be executed together according to the candidate schemes, and records the charging source, charging time, discharging time, actual transferred electricity, hourly charging power, hourly discharging power, energy storage space occupancy, sole revenue use, source cost, energy loss, equipment occupancy cost, and actual revenue for the current year for each path. The actual revenue for each operating year is discounted according to the project investment evaluation parameters and summarized to form the lifecycle net revenue of the corresponding path. The set of realizable energy paths also outputs the hourly energy storage state-of-charge sequence, the remaining photovoltaic surplus electricity sequence after deducting the actual photovoltaic charging amount, and the remaining load sequence after deducting the actual energy storage discharging amount for each candidate scheme, for S4 to calculate surplus electricity grid connection revenue, demand costs, and equipment capacity.

[0044] S4: Based on the set of available energy paths, determine the converter equipment and battery combination; substitute the converter equipment and battery combination into the path verification engineering boundary to generate feasible combinations; screen the feasible combinations and generate the optimal combination; screen the energy storage candidate schemes based on the initial rated energy storage capacity; input the optimal combination into the screened energy storage candidate schemes to generate the final scheme; and generate energy management configuration content based on the final scheme, specifically including: The entire set of redeemable energy paths generated by S3 is read and summarized according to candidate photovoltaic installed capacity and operating year. The charging source, charging time, and discharging time in each redeemable energy path are used to generate corresponding charging and discharging control conditions. Actual transferred electricity and energy storage space occupancy are used to determine energy storage capacity requirements. Hourly charging power and hourly discharging power are used to determine the power requirements of energy storage converter equipment. The sole revenue use is used to distinguish between revenue generated from photovoltaic surplus power consumption, peak-valley load substitution, and demand control. Source cost, energy loss, equipment occupancy cost, actual revenue, and lifecycle net revenue are used to generate annual cash flow. Data status is used to determine how the corresponding path participates in equipment configuration and investment evaluation. The hourly energy storage charge state sequence is used to verify the maximum energy storage occupancy state in each operating year. The minimum reserved electricity, minimum reserved space, available space for ordinary peak-valley regulation, energy storage power boundary, energy storage capacity boundary, transformer capacity, grid connection point power limit, equipment technical parameters, and lifecycle economic parameters inherited from the redeemable energy path set continue to serve as constraints for equipment selection and control execution.

[0045] For each candidate photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, the available energy paths that can be executed simultaneously are summarized according to the annual scheduling time slots. When multiple charging paths exist in the same time slot, the actual charging power of each path is added together to obtain the total charging power demand for that time slot; when multiple discharging paths exist, the actual discharging power of each path is added together to obtain the total discharging power demand for that time slot. The maximum value among the total annual charging power demand forms the energy storage charging power demand, and the maximum value among the total annual discharging power demand forms the energy storage discharging power demand. Demand control paths and ordinary load substitution paths within the same time slot are reserved for revenue purposes and then share the energy storage discharging capacity for that time slot; PV surplus power charging-to-storage paths and grid supplementary power paths occupy the energy storage charging capacity in the order determined in S2. The resulting power demand is directly derived from the hourly energy paths that have been verified in S3.

[0046] Select standard energy storage converters based on the energy storage charging and discharging power requirements. When the charging and discharging capacities of the equipment are the same, the larger of the two power requirements is used as the selection criterion; when the charging and discharging capacities of the equipment are calibrated separately, the rated capacities in both directions are checked separately. According to the standard equipment specifications associated with S1 and inherited by subsequent steps, select the minimum equipment combination whose rated capacity can cover the actual power requirements. If the capacity of a single device is insufficient, form an equipment combination based on the parallel connection method allowed by the equipment technical data, and check the total capacity after parallel connection, the access circuit, the transformer's carrying capacity, and the grid connection point's allowable power. For example, using the same power unit, if the maximum actual charging power is 680 and the maximum actual discharging power is 720, and the selectable equipment specifications are 500 and 250, use one 500 device and one 250 device to form a 750 equipment combination, and use 750 as the boundary for subsequent hourly power verification.

[0047] Based on the hourly energy storage state-of-charge sequence for each operating year, the energy storage space occupancy of each available energy path, and the minimum reserved space formed by S2, the maximum energy storage capacity requirement for each operating year is determined. The energy storage capacity requirement for a given time slice is the sum of the actual energy storage capacity occupied by all logical energy records in that time slice and the minimum reserved space; where the minimum reserved capacity is already included in the actual energy usage. The maximum value is taken for all scheduling time slices of the same operating year to form the available energy storage capacity requirement for that operating year. The rated energy storage capacity is determined based on the available energy storage capacity requirement, the allowable usage ratio, and the capacity maintenance status for that operating year, specifically expressed as follows: ; in, This indicates the initial rated energy storage capacity that the candidate scheme needs to be configured with; Indicates the first The maximum sum of the actual energy consumption of energy storage and the minimum reserved space in each scheduling time slot within a year of operation; This indicates the percentage of the candidate energy storage battery solution that is allowed for daily charging and discharging. Indicates the first The capacity retention ratio corresponding to each operating year is recalculated based on the capacity retention status after battery replacement when the battery replacement conditions are met. Indicates the year of operation. and Using the same unit of electrical quantity and All are dimensionless proportions greater than zero and not exceeding 1. For a candidate scheme, the available energy storage capacity requirement in the first year of operation is 800, with a capacity retention ratio of 1. In a later year of operation, the available energy storage capacity requirement is 720, with a capacity retention ratio of 0.8 and an allowable usage ratio of 0.8. Therefore, the rated capacity requirements for the two years of operation are 1000 and 1125, respectively. The final rated energy storage capacity is taken as 1125.

[0048] Among the candidate energy storage equipment schemes formed in S1, the smallest complete equipment combination with a rated capacity not lower than the calculated result, a rated charge and discharge capacity covering the maximum hourly power requirement in S3, and meeting the maximum allowable installed rated capacity is selected. The actual rated power, actual rated capacity, allowable charge range, and capacity retention status of this candidate energy storage equipment scheme in each operating year are substituted into the corresponding complete path combination, and the charging power, discharging power, actual energy storage occupied capacity, minimum reserved capacity, and minimum reserved space are checked hourly. If any time slice exceeds the transformer capacity, grid connection point power limit, equipment capacity, energy storage deployment conditions, or allowable charge range, the entire candidate scheme is determined to be unworkable; candidate schemes that meet all engineering boundaries are included in the investment evaluation.

[0049] For candidate schemes that have completed engineering verification, annual cash flows are generated based on the sole use of revenue from the cashable energy path. Instantaneous self-consumption revenue from photovoltaics is determined based on hourly instantaneous self-consumption and the corresponding electricity purchase price. Revenue from surplus electricity fed into the grid is determined based on the remaining photovoltaic surplus electricity sequence output by S3 and the surplus electricity feed-in price. The actual annual revenue from the photovoltaic source path is determined by deducting the opportunity cost of surplus electricity fed into the grid, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost from the actual discharge substitution value. The actual annual revenue from the grid source path is determined by deducting the supplementary electricity purchase cost, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost from the actual discharge substitution value. The actual annual revenue from the demand control path is determined by deducting the corresponding source cost, energy loss, and equipment occupancy cost from the actual reduction in demand costs and the associated electricity value in the corresponding settlement period. The actual annual revenue of each path in different operating years is discounted and summed to form the path's lifecycle net revenue. The instantaneous self-consumption revenue, surplus electricity fed into the grid, and the actual annual revenue of all paths for the same candidate scheme are summed, and then the initial equipment investment, annual operation and maintenance expenses, and battery replacement expenses for the corresponding year are deducted to form the annual net cash flow and the net present value over the entire lifecycle.

[0050] Candidate solutions were screened sequentially based on project implementation conditions and investment results. First, candidate solutions that met the requirements for transformer capacity, grid connection power limits, energy storage deployment conditions, equipment rated capacity, and allowable charge range for each operating year were retained. Then, it was confirmed that all feasible energy paths included in these candidate solutions could be executed by the selected equipment combination. Finally, the solution with the highest net present value (NPV) over its entire lifecycle was selected. If the NPVs over the entire lifecycle were the same, the solution with the lower initial investment was selected; if the initial investment was still the same, the solution with fewer standard devices was selected. This determined the final photovoltaic installed capacity, rated charging power of energy storage, rated discharging power of energy storage, rated capacity of energy storage, photovoltaic equipment combination, energy storage converter equipment combination, and energy storage battery combination.

[0051] Energy management configuration content is generated based on the available energy paths in the final plan. Each scheduling time slice records the allowed charging source, charging start conditions, charging power limit, allowed discharge purpose, discharge start conditions, discharge power limit, minimum reserved capacity, minimum reserved space, monthly demand control value, and latest usage time of the path. When there is surplus photovoltaic power at the grid connection point and the energy storage has corresponding available space, a surplus photovoltaic power charging condition is formed; when the current period is in a valley or flat period where power replenishment is allowed, and there are subsequent bound discharge tasks and the minimum reserved space is still met after charging, a grid power replenishment condition is formed; when the current period is in a peak or peak period, and there is actual surplus load and the minimum reserved capacity is still met after discharging, a load substitution discharge condition is formed; when the current power taken by the grid connection point exceeds the monthly demand control value and there is available capacity in the energy storage corresponding to the demand control purpose, a demand control discharge condition is formed.

[0052] The final equipment rated parameters, allowable charge range, minimum reserved capacity sequence, minimum reserved space sequence, monthly demand control value, charge / discharge time attributes, charge / discharge priority, and power limits are written to the project controller through the energy management system parameter configuration interface. During project operation, the energy management system reads the current power intake and feedback power at the grid connection point, the current photovoltaic output, the current energy storage state of charge, the current available capacity, and the equipment operating status, and issues charging, discharging, or holding commands to the energy storage converter equipment according to the energy management configuration. After each scheduling time slice, based on the actual charging and discharging amounts recorded by the metering device, the remaining redeemable energy, the current energy storage occupied energy, and the energy still required for subsequent tasks are updated in the corresponding logical energy record.

[0053] When the actual surplus photovoltaic power is lower than the corresponding charging capacity of the configured content, the corresponding photovoltaic source logical energy record is reduced according to the actual photovoltaic power entering the energy storage, and the power that can be called up by subsequent bound tasks is reduced accordingly. When the actual surplus photovoltaic power is higher than the configured content, the newly added charging capacity only enters the energy storage within the range of meeting the minimum reserved space, equipment power boundary, and subsequent actual load demand. When the actual remaining load is lower than the predetermined discharge demand, the discharge capacity is capped at the actual remaining load, and the unused power continues to be retained in the original logical energy record. When the actual remaining load is higher than the predetermined value, the demand control task is executed according to the monthly demand control value first, and the ordinary load replacement task only uses the releaseable power after deducting the minimum reserved power after the current time slice ends. By updating the logical energy record and task remaining amount hourly, subsequent control instructions continue to use the actual remaining power source and unfulfilled revenue uses.

[0054] This step outputs the configuration results of the photovoltaic and energy storage equipment and the execution results of energy management. The configuration results include the final photovoltaic installed capacity, rated charging power of energy storage, rated discharging power of energy storage, rated capacity of energy storage, equipment combination, equipment configuration list, and corresponding full life cycle investment results. The energy management execution results include the minimum reserved power sequence, minimum reserved space sequence, monthly demand control value, charging and discharging conditions, hourly control power, logical energy record update results, and charging, discharging, or holding instructions issued to the energy storage converter equipment.

[0055] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-storage integrated investment calculation-based photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method, characterized in that, include: Determine the energy balance boundary and collect the user load within the energy balance boundary. Based on the user load, determine the unified scheduling time slice and correct abnormal records. Form candidate photovoltaic installation capacity according to the roof layout and divide the self-consumption, surplus electricity and surplus load hourly. Determine the power boundary according to the transformer capacity and form energy storage candidate schemes. Combine the user load, unified scheduling time slice, photovoltaic candidate schemes, self-consumption, surplus electricity and surplus load into a unified time series reference set. Based on the unified time series reference set, the hourly energy sequence and availability status of each year are established. By identifying the continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus power, charging and storage tasks and discharging tasks are generated. When capacity or power conflicts occur, high-value tasks are retained according to the incremental contribution of the task life cycle, and a set of revenue-constrained running tasks is output. Read the set of tasks constrained by revenue and process the charging and storage tasks in chronological order. Establish logical energy records for photovoltaic sources and grid sources respectively, and update storage losses and energy storage occupancy status. Filter callable records from the discharge tasks according to revenue use and determine the actual realized discharge amount. Connect the photovoltaic source, logical energy records, and actual realized discharge amount into an energy path, and verify the energy path to determine it as a realizable energy path. Traverse the energy storage candidate schemes and output the set of realizable energy paths and the state of charge sequence of each scheme. Based on the set of available energy paths, converter equipment and battery combinations are determined. The converter equipment and battery combinations are substituted into the path verification engineering boundary to generate feasible combinations. The feasible combinations are screened and the optimal combination is generated. The energy storage candidate schemes are screened based on the initial energy storage rated capacity. The optimal combination is input into the screened energy storage candidate schemes to generate the final scheme. Energy management configuration content is generated based on the final scheme.

2. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of forming candidate photovoltaic installation capacity based on roof layout specifically includes: The number of complete photovoltaic modules that can be installed in each installation area is determined based on the actual arrangement of the photovoltaic modules. Verification is performed based on the number of strings that can be connected to the photovoltaic inverter equipment and the range of compatibility. The equipment combination that can form a complete string, meets the inverter equipment access conditions, and meets the maintenance and fire protection layout requirements is identified as a candidate photovoltaic installation scheme. The candidate photovoltaic installation capacity is obtained by summing the rated capacity of the components in the corresponding scheme, and is associated with the installation area, number of components, string structure and inverter equipment configuration.

3. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of establishing hourly energy sequences and available status for each year based on the unified time series reference set specifically includes: Based on the photovoltaic power output attenuation parameters, the hourly photovoltaic power generation of the base year is converted into the corresponding values ​​for each operating year, and the hourly photovoltaic real-time self-consumption, hourly photovoltaic surplus power and hourly surplus load are reclassified; Based on the capacity retention characteristics and battery replacement conditions of the candidate energy storage equipment schemes, the capacity retention status corresponding to each operating year is determined. When the replacement conditions are met, the capacity retention status after replacement is re-determined according to the replacement scheme adopted.

4. The photovoltaic-storage integrated investment calculation-based photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating charging and discharging tasks by identifying continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus power specifically includes: According to the order of scheduling time slots, adjacent time slots that all have hourly photovoltaic surplus power are combined into a charging and storage task, and the start time, end time, photovoltaic surplus power available for charging in each time slot, allowable charging power, and surplus power grid connection price are recorded. The hourly photovoltaic surplus power, the energy storage charging power boundary corresponding to the transmittable power within the time slice, and the charging efficiency are all taken into account based on the actual charging demand of each time slice. The hourly photovoltaic surplus power exceeding the actual charging demand continues to be stored as surplus power and connected to the grid.

5. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, By separately identifying continuous intervals and segments of photovoltaic surplus electricity, charging and discharging tasks are generated, specifically including: In valley or flat sections, generate replenishment candidates based on available power and generate them to bind future discharge tasks; Discharge generation and demand control tasks are performed during peak or peak periods.

6. The photovoltaic-storage integrated investment calculation-based photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of generating replenishment candidates based on available power during valley or flat periods, and generating them to bind future discharge tasks, specifically includes: Within a time slot where the electricity price is in a valley or flat period, grid replenishment candidate tasks are formed based on the current available power of the transformer, the energy storage charging power boundary, and the duration of the scheduling time slot. Each grid replenishment candidate task is bound to a load substitution discharge task or demand control task that occurs after it. The grid replenishment demand is determined by the amount of electricity that the bound discharge task has not yet been covered by the charging source, and by deducting the effective amount of electricity that could be provided by the photovoltaic surplus electricity charging and storage task before the discharge task occurs. When there are future photovoltaic surplus power charging and storage tasks, the energy storage space required to receive the photovoltaic surplus power should be reserved, and the remaining space should be allocated to grid supplementary power candidate tasks.

7. The photovoltaic-storage integrated investment calculation-based photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The discharge task of generating discharge and demand control during peak or sharp segments specifically includes: The load replacement discharge task is formed based on the hourly remaining load of the peak or peak period. The discharge demand of each time slot is taken from the range allowed by the hourly remaining load, the output power corresponding to the energy storage discharge power boundary in that time slot, and the capacity of the energy storage converter. Each demand settlement cycle is processed according to the demand settlement attributes. Starting from the actual billing demand before the intervention of energy storage, the candidate demand control value is reduced step by step according to the executable power adjustment level. The lower limit of the candidate demand control value is jointly determined by the lowest level after deducting the energy storage discharge power boundary from the maximum remaining load of the cycle, the minimum declaration conditions of the contract, and the project's allowable control range. The portion of the hourly remaining load that exceeds the candidate demand control value forms a demand control task, and adjacent over-limit time slots form a continuous demand control interval. When demand control and peak load substitution conditions are present simultaneously in the same time slot, the discharge portion required to reach the candidate demand control value is assigned to the demand control task, and the remaining available discharge capacity is assigned to the load substitution discharge task.

8. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The establishment of logical energy records for photovoltaic and grid-sourced sources respectively includes: When the charging and storage task arrives, the portion of the photovoltaic power that is actually allowed to enter the energy storage is extracted from the hourly residual photovoltaic power of the corresponding time slice, and a photovoltaic source logical energy record is established. When the grid replenishment candidate task arrives, the portion that actually enters the energy storage is extracted from the corresponding valley or flat replenishment demand, and a grid source logical energy record is established.

9. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual realized discharge amount is calculated and generated by the amount of electricity that can still be provided to the load side, the amount of discharge that the current revenue task still needs to complete, the amount of electricity that can be output within the current scheduling time slice, and the amount of releaseable electricity obtained by deducting the minimum reserved electricity after the current time slice ends.

10. The photovoltaic-storage energy management and configuration method based on integrated photovoltaic-storage investment calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of substituting the converter and battery combination into the path verification engineering boundary to generate a feasible combination specifically includes: The actual rated power of the energy storage converter and the actual rated capacity, allowable charge range and capacity retention status of the energy storage battery combination in each operating year are substituted into the corresponding complete path combination, and the charging power, discharging power, actual energy storage occupied power, minimum reserved power and minimum reserved space are checked hourly. If any time segment exceeds the transformer capacity, grid connection point power limit, converter equipment capacity, battery allowable charge range, or energy storage deployment conditions, the entire combination will be determined as an unworkable solution; otherwise, the entire combination will be determined as a feasible combination.

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