Long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system and operation control method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy emergency power supply and new energy power guarantee, and particularly relates to a long-time dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply guarantee system and an operation control method thereof. According to the present application, the power supply interface is automatically switched according to the load type, the flexible adaptation of the direct current load and the alternating current load is realized, and the flexible power supply capability of a single system for different types of emergency loads is realized. In the alternating current power supply mode, the network type control strategy is adopted, the virtual inertia and the damping control are introduced, the anti-interference capability of the system to the disturbance is improved, and the problem of the voltage or frequency dramatic fluctuation of the traditional phase-locked loop following control under the hydrogen source dynamic switching and the load power mutation working condition is avoided. The dynamic replacement mechanism between the vehicle-mounted hydrogen source energy supply module and the external hydrogen source energy supply is constructed, the load side power continuity and the cyclic replacement energy supply based on the hydrogen storage state management are realized, the hydrogen energy emergency guarantee system can realize the long-time continuous power supply without shutdown.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy emergency power supply and new energy power security technology, specifically involving a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system and its operation control method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional hydrogen-powered emergency power supply systems rely on a single hydrogen source, which is insufficient to meet the demand for continuous power supply over extended periods. To overcome the capacity and range limitations of single-energy sources and improve system power capacity and reliability, a multi-source complementary mechanism is typically introduced. However, multi-source power supply architectures also present new technical challenges in practical applications: Firstly, it requires the unified collection and coordinated output of power generated from different sources. Without an orderly switching and coordination mechanism between multiple sources, the power supply to the load side may become unstable, or even experience power outages. Secondly, there is a response delay in the power supply units during switching, and the power gap during this delay must be effectively filled to maintain voltage stability and ensure the continuity of power supply.

[0003] To address the issues of multi-source power supply coordination and power compensation, existing technologies have proposed various solutions. Chinese patent CN122553326A discloses a dual-source combined power supply operation control method suitable for hydrogen-powered emergency power supply vehicles. This method employs a vehicle-mounted hydrogen power supply system and a hydrogen propulsion system (hydrogen source for vehicle operation) for dual-source combined power supply. It includes a first operating condition (dual-source combined power supply) and a second operating condition (single-source power supply). Power coordination between the two sources is achieved through DC / DC control. In the first operating condition, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen power supply and the hydrogen propulsion system jointly provide power, and the operating condition is switched based on the load power threshold, attempting to achieve multi-source coordinated operation. CN121192901A discloses an energy storage cabin and control method with intelligent switching function for multi-source power generation, employing a three-source coordinated architecture of photovoltaic, hydrogen energy storage, and energy storage battery. The controller automatically judges and switches power generation units based on multi-sensor signals, uses pre-charge control to keep bus voltage fluctuations within ±5%, and uses energy storage batteries to participate in power regulation to maintain bus stability. CN121515746A discloses a long-duration dual-source emergency supply vehicle and its control method, employing a dual-source co-supply architecture of fuel cells and power lithium batteries. The fast response characteristics of the power lithium batteries are used to fill the response gap of the fuel cells, achieving stable voltage output. CN212649183U discloses a multi-source emergency power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells, employing a five-power supply architecture consisting of a hydrogen fuel cell, a diesel generator, a manual generator, a UPS, and mains power. A five-power switching device enables serial switching of multiple power sources, with the UPS providing power support during switching to ensure power continuity.

[0004] Although the aforementioned existing technical solutions have achieved the basic function of reliably and continuously powering the load from multiple energy sources, they still have the following three shortcomings and cannot meet the needs of complex practical applications: (1) Insufficient adaptation to the diverse load types in emergency scenarios; Emergency power supply scenarios involve diverse load types, including both DC and AC loads. Existing technologies use fixed power supply interfaces, making it difficult to flexibly switch between DC and AC power supply modes according to different application requirements. For example, the CN122553326A vehicle-mounted hydrogen energy power system uses an inverter to convert DC power to AC output, which can be used directly to power loads or connected to the 380V low-voltage grid. The CN212649183U UPS provides AC output, but both are fixed output types and cannot select the power supply interface according to the load type.

[0005] (2) Insufficient dynamic stability under AC power supply mode; In AC power supply mode, the AC output of existing technical solutions relies on traditional phase-locked loop (PLL) follower control. When the load is disturbed or the hydrogen source is switched, the AC side voltage and frequency may fluctuate drastically, making it difficult to guarantee power supply quality.

[0006] (3) During long-duration continuous power supply, hydrogen source replenishment requires shutdown; During long-duration emergency power supply operations, the system needs to be shut down for replenishment once the hydrogen source is depleted. The hydrogen replacement of CN121515746A requires manual operation and the system needs to be shut down and wait; the hydrogen storage or hydrogen fuel cells of CN121192901A and CN212649183U are stationary and have no modular replacement; none of them can achieve long-duration continuous power supply while running and replenishing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system and its operation control method, which enables flexible adaptation of DC and AC loads, maintains stable AC output voltage amplitude and frequency under dynamic hydrogen source switching and load power change conditions, and ensures continuous hydrogen supply to the system without downtime.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, including an on-board hydrogen source power supply module, a modular external hydrogen source power supply module, a fuel cell power generation unit, a DC-DC converter unit, a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, a common DC bus, an energy storage unit, a power supply interface unit, and an energy management and coordination controller. The on-board hydrogen power supply module includes a hydrogen storage cylinder group for providing an initial or auxiliary hydrogen source; the modular external hydrogen power supply module includes two or more independently accessible hydrogen storage units for providing a continuous hydrogen source. The fuel cell power generation unit is configured in conjunction with the on-board hydrogen source energy supply module hydrogen storage cylinder group and the modular external hydrogen source energy supply module hydrogen storage unit, respectively, to convert the chemical energy in the hydrogen source into electrical energy. The DC-DC converter unit is configured in conjunction with the fuel cell power generation unit to regulate and convert electrical energy and flexibly connect to the common DC bus. The bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected in conjunction with the energy storage unit. The common DC bus connects the on-board hydrogen power supply module, the modular external hydrogen power supply module, and the energy storage unit, and is used for power collection and distribution. The energy storage unit is used for power regulation, compensation for transient power and common DC bus voltage fluctuations; The power supply interface unit includes a DC power supply interface and an inverter power supply interface, which are used to provide power to different types of external loads; The power supply interface unit obtains power from the common DC bus and supplies power directly to the DC load through the DC power supply interface, or supplies power to the AC load after converting the DC power to AC power through the inverter power supply interface. When supplying power to the AC load, a grid-type control strategy is run at the inverter power supply interface to maintain the stability of the output voltage and frequency. The grid-type control strategy includes virtual inertia and damping control.

[0009] Preferably, the on-board hydrogen power supply module and the modular external hydrogen power supply module respectively supply hydrogen to the matching fuel cell power generation unit, and the fuel cell power generation unit converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy. The fuel cell power generation units are connected to the common DC bus through matching DC conversion units. The DC conversion units adjust the output power according to the output capacity of the fuel cell power generation units, the load demand and the status of the common DC bus to complete the collection and flexible access of multiple hydrogen source power. The energy storage unit is connected to the common DC bus through a matching bidirectional DC-DC converter unit. During hydrogen refueling / hydrogen exchange or hydrogen source switching, it compensates for power fluctuations and maintains the voltage stability of the common DC bus. The energy management and coordination controller is used to receive operating status information, send control commands to the DC-DC converter unit and the energy storage unit, and coordinate the output power of the on-board hydrogen source power supply module, the modular external hydrogen source power supply module and the energy storage unit; the operating status information includes hydrogen storage capacity, common DC bus voltage and load power.

[0010] This invention also provides a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method, implemented based on the above-mentioned long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, including the following steps: Step S1: Obtain system operating status information; Real-time acquisition of operational status information of the dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system; Preferably, in step S1, The operational status information includes the hydrogen source status information of the on-board hydrogen power supply module and the modular external hydrogen power supply module, as well as the operational status information of the supporting fuel cell power generation unit, the common DC bus status information, the energy storage unit status information, and the load demand information. The hydrogen source status information includes pressure and remaining hydrogen quantity. The fuel cell power generation unit operational status information includes output power and efficiency. The common DC bus status information includes voltage and current. The energy storage unit status information includes SOC and voltage. The load demand information includes load power, type, and duration.

[0011] Step S2: Establish a dynamic hydrogen source succession strategy; Based on the system operating status information obtained in step S1, the continuous energy supply capacity of the current hydrogen source is evaluated to determine the priority of hydrogen source access. Preferably, in step S2, the method for assessing the continuous energy supply capacity of the hydrogen source and determining the priority of hydrogen source access is as follows: Let H i H represents the remaining hydrogen storage ratio of the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group, indicating the percentage of remaining hydrogen storage relative to the rated hydrogen storage capacity. th The remaining hydrogen storage ratio switching threshold; when H i >H th If the fuel cell power generation unit associated with the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is operating normally, the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is determined to be able to supply energy continuously; otherwise, it is determined to be unable to supply energy continuously. Only sustainable hydrogen storage units or hydrogen storage cylinder groups are included in the priority ranking for hydrogen source access; the priority ranking for hydrogen source access is set as modular external hydrogen sources taking precedence over on-board hydrogen sources, and the hydrogen storage units of modular external hydrogen sources are ranked according to H. i Arrange them in order of priority from highest to lowest.

[0012] Step S3: Determine whether hydrogen needs to be added / replaced or the hydrogen source needs to be switched; if yes, proceed to step S4; if no, proceed to step S6. Preferably, in step S3, the hydrogen refueling operation involves connecting to an external hydrogen supply pipeline, with a long-tube trailer or other external hydrogen supply source continuously supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell power generation unit directly through an external hydrogen supply interface; the hydrogen swapping operation involves connecting a modular hydrogen storage unit, replacing the current energy-supplying hydrogen storage unit with a backup hydrogen storage unit; and the hydrogen source switching operation involves switching from a single hydrogen source independent energy supply mode (either on-board hydrogen source or modular external hydrogen source) to a dual hydrogen source combined energy supply mode, or switching from a single hydrogen source with lower power (either on-board or modular external hydrogen source) to a single hydrogen source with higher power. set up Pext,av is the current total output power of the fuel cell power generation units supporting all modular external hydrogen source hydrogen storage units that supply energy sustainably, P veh,av is the current output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the on-board hydrogen source hydrogen storage cylinder group that supplies energy sustainably, P L is the current total load power; (1) The conditions for determining that hydrogen source switching is required are: the current operation mode is the single hydrogen source operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source or the on-board hydrogen source supplies energy independently, and the following is satisfied: P i,av = min(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) , or: P i,av = max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤ P ext,av + P veh,av ; wherein, P i,av is the total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the currently energy-supplying hydrogen source; (2) The conditions for determining that hydrogen replacement is required are: the current operation mode is the dual-source cooperative operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source and the on-board hydrogen source jointly supply energy, and the following is satisfied: there exists at least one energy-supplying hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group i : H i ≤ H th ; that is, when the residual hydrogen storage ratio of any currently energy-supplying hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group reaches or is lower than the set switching threshold, it is determined that a hydrogen replacement operation is required; (3) The conditions for determining that hydrogen refueling is required are: the current operation mode is the dual-source cooperative operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source and the on-board hydrogen source jointly supply energy, and the following is satisfied: all energy-supplying hydrogen storage units or hydrogen storage cylinder groups i： H i >H th , and: P L > P ext,av + P veh,av .

[0013] Step S4: Perform hydrogen addition, hydrogen exchange, or hydrogen source switching operations; Physical operations such as hydrogen source replenishment, hydrogen storage unit replacement, or dual-source switching are performed through flexible access technology. Preferably, in step S4, if a hydrogen refueling operation is performed, the external hydrogen source of the long tube trailer is directly connected through the external hydrogen supply interface; if a hydrogen exchange or switching operation is performed, the backup power supply unit is switched in according to the priority order determined in step S2. The steps for adding hydrogen, exchanging hydrogen, and switching hydrogen sources are as follows: S4.1, the backup hydrogen source is connected in advance; The backup hydrogen source includes a backup modular external hydrogen storage unit or a vehicle-mounted hydrogen source to be connected or a long-tube trailer external hydrogen source. The backup hydrogen supply unit is connected to the common DC bus to establish the power supply capacity in advance. S4.2, Output power coordination adjustment; Adjusting the output power of different power supply units: Gradually reduce the output power of the original hydrogen source power supply unit, while gradually increasing the output power of the backup hydrogen source power supply unit, so as to achieve a smooth power transfer between the two hydrogen source power supply units and avoid sudden changes in output power; S4.3, the original hydrogen source is deactivated; When the backup hydrogen source power supply unit is assuming the full load power, the original hydrogen source power supply unit is disconnected from the common DC bus; thus completing one hydrogen source replacement. S4.4, cyclical energy supply; Through the cyclical execution of steps S4.1-S4.3 above, different power supply units are connected, run, and disconnected in sequence, enabling the system to continuously obtain hydrogen supply without shutdown; thus achieving continuous power supply for a long period of time.

[0014] Step S5, Power Coordination and Energy Management; When the hydrogen addition, hydrogen exchange or hydrogen source switching operation begins in step S4, the energy storage unit is synchronously triggered to enter the power compensation state, and the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit is used to compensate for transient power fluctuations and maintain the stability of the common DC bus voltage. Preferably, in step S5, the energy management and coordination controller acquires the load power, the actual output power of each fuel cell, and the common DC bus voltage in real time, and calculates the energy storage target power command, as follows: Assume the actual total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit currently connected to the external hydrogen source is P ext The actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and its fuel cell power generation unit is P veh System transient power difference ΔP for: ΔP = P L - ( P ext + P veh ), Let the actual voltage of the common DC bus be V dc Rated voltage is V dc Common DC bus voltage deviation e V for: e V = V dc - V dc , When the system transient power difference ΔP and / or the common DC bus voltage deviation e V When the transient power difference exceeds the allowable range, a dual-loop composite control algorithm is used to adjust the system transient power difference. ΔP As a fast feedforward quantity, the common DC bus voltage deviation e V As closed-loop regulation quantities, they jointly determine the target power command for energy storage. P ess The calculation formula is: P ess = sat[ ΔP + K p e V + K i e V dt], in, K p This is the voltage-power proportional adjustment coefficient, with dimensions of kW / V; K iis the voltage-power integral adjustment coefficient, with the dimension of kW / (V·s); sat[·] represents amplitude limiting according to the maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit; The energy management and coordination controller sends the target power command P ess to the bidirectional DC conversion unit supporting the energy storage unit, and the bidirectional DC conversion unit adjusts the charging and discharging current of the energy storage, P ess When >0, the energy storage unit discharges, P ess When <0, the energy storage unit charges; when ΔP and e V both enter the set allowable range and the duration of the state reaches the set time, the energy storage unit switches from the power compensation state to the standby state.

[0015] Step S6: Configure the load power supply mode and implement stable power supply control; Configure the DC or AC power supply mode according to the load characteristics, and apply the grid-forming control strategy to stabilize the AC voltage and frequency; Preferably, in step S6, configuring the power supply mode includes: (1) Real-time detection of load type: The DC power supply interface and the inverter power supply interface are respectively provided with load access state detection signals, which are respectively recorded as S dc and S ac ; where S dc =1 indicates that the DC power supply interface detects load access, S ac =1 indicates that the inverter power supply interface detects load access; when no load access is detected, the corresponding state signal is 0; (2) DC power supply mode: when S dc =1, S ac =0, it is determined that there is a DC load power supply demand, the DC power supply interface is controlled to be put into operation, and the inverter power supply interface remains disconnected; (3) AC power supply mode: when S dc =0, S ac =1, it is determined that there is an AC load power supply demand, the inverter power supply interface is controlled to be put into operation, the electric energy of the common DC bus is inverted into alternating current to supply power to the load, and the DC power supply interface remains disconnected; (4) Automatic switching of power supply interfaces: when the load access state changes from (S dc , S ac When (1,0) changes to (0,1), or from (0,1) to (1,0), the energy management and coordination controller determines that the load power supply type has changed. It first disconnects the original power supply interface and then connects the target power supply interface to realize the automatic switching between DC power supply mode and AC power supply mode. The AC power supply mode adopts a grid-based control strategy, including: (1) Deployment of network-based control strategies; A grid-based control strategy is implemented at the inverter power supply interface; (2) Virtual inertia control; Virtual inertia control simulates the rotor inertial response characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator, generating power output proportional to the rate of frequency change when the system frequency changes, thus suppressing sudden frequency changes. (3) Damping control; Damping control suppresses system frequency oscillations by providing damping power proportional to the frequency deviation when frequency fluctuations occur, accelerating the system frequency recovery to the rated value and preventing continuous frequency oscillations.

[0016] Step S7: Detection, assessment, and decision-making regarding continuous power supply capability; Periodically check and evaluate the system's operating status to determine whether to maintain the status quo, return to step S3, or trigger an alarm.

[0017] Preferably, in step S7, the periodically detected parameters include the actual total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit currently connected to the external hydrogen source. P ext Actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and fuel cell power generation unit P veh Actual voltage of common DC bus V dc ; Assess and make decisions regarding the current power supply capacity and load matching, as well as the stability of the common DC bus, including: (1) If the current power supply capacity and load matching degree and the stability of the common DC bus meet the set indicators, then the current status quo shall be maintained and power supply shall continue; The current energy supply capacity and load matching ratio setting index is as follows: P ext + P veh ≥ P L , The current stability setting index for the common DC bus is: δV ≤ ε V , δV = |Vdc - V dc | / V dc × 100%, Where δV is the common DC bus voltage deviation rate; V dc The rated voltage of the common DC bus; ε V The threshold for the allowable deviation rate of the common DC bus voltage; (2) If the current energy supply capacity and load matching degree do not meet the set index, then proceed to step S3, where step S3 determines the corresponding hydrogen addition, hydrogen replacement or hydrogen source switching needs, and step S4 executes the corresponding operation. (3) If the current power supply capacity and load matching meet the set indicators, but the stability of the common DC bus does not meet the set indicators: When δV>ε V And T V <T V,th In the meantime, maintain the status quo and continue periodic testing; When δV>ε V And T V ≥T V,th When this occurs, it is determined to be an abnormal operating state and an alarm is triggered. Among them, T V T represents the continuous over-limit time of the common DC bus voltage. V,th The threshold for the duration of continuous over-limit of the common DC bus voltage.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention selects either a DC power supply mode or an AC power supply mode based on the load type. In DC power supply mode, power is supplied to the DC load through the DC power supply interface; in AC power supply mode, power is supplied to the AC load through the inverter power supply interface. The system detects the load type in real time through the energy management control module and automatically switches the power supply interface to achieve flexible adaptation between DC and AC loads. This realizes the flexible power supply capability of a single system for different types of emergency loads, eliminating the need to configure different power supply equipment for different load types, thus improving the versatility and adaptability of the system.

[0019] (2) In the AC power supply mode, the present invention adopts a grid-type control strategy to simulate the characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator and introduces virtual inertia and damping control. The grid-type control strategy operates at the inverter power supply interface. It simulates the rotor inertial response of the generator through virtual inertia control and suppresses frequency oscillations through damping control, actively supporting the system voltage and frequency, thereby improving the system's anti-interference capability against disturbances. Under the conditions of dynamic switching of hydrogen source and sudden change of load power, the amplitude and frequency of AC output voltage can remain stable, avoiding the problem of drastic voltage / frequency fluctuations in the transient process of traditional phase-locked loop following control, and effectively ensuring the reliable operation of sensitive AC equipment.

[0020] (3) This invention establishes a dynamic joint supply or replacement mechanism between the on-board hydrogen source power supply module and the external hydrogen source power supply. The energy management and coordination controller controls the switching based on the hydrogen storage status information, fuel cell operating status, and load demand information. During operation, the backup hydrogen source is connected to the common DC bus to establish power supply capacity in advance, and the output power of the original hydrogen source power supply unit and the backup hydrogen source power supply unit is continuously adjusted to achieve smooth switching between the two hydrogen sources. This realizes cyclic replacement power supply based on hydrogen storage status management, enabling the hydrogen emergency supply system to achieve continuous power supply for a long period of time without downtime. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation control method for long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy coordination structure during the hydrogen source replacement process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of power coordination during the switching process of the dual-source hydrogen energy supply module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the 400V common DC bus voltage response process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of power coordination during the cyclic replacement process of the modular hydrogen storage unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the hydrogen storage state during the cyclic replacement process of the modular hydrogen storage unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a waveform diagram of the multi-mode power supply output in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the AC output stability response curve under the network-type strategy control of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] This invention provides a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes an on-board hydrogen power supply module, a modular external hydrogen power supply module, a fuel cell power generation unit, a DC-DC converter unit, a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, a common DC bus, an energy storage unit, a power supply interface unit, and an energy management and coordination controller. The on-board hydrogen power supply module includes a hydrogen storage cylinder group for providing an initial or auxiliary hydrogen source; the modular external hydrogen power supply module includes two or more independently accessible hydrogen storage units for providing a continuous hydrogen source during long-term emergency operation. The fuel cell power generation unit is configured in conjunction with the on-board hydrogen source energy supply module hydrogen storage cylinder group and the modular external hydrogen source energy supply module hydrogen storage unit, respectively, to convert the chemical energy in the hydrogen source into electrical energy. The DC-DC converter unit is configured in conjunction with the fuel cell power generation unit to regulate and convert electrical energy and flexibly connect to the common DC bus. The bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected to the energy storage unit; The common DC bus connects the on-board hydrogen power supply module, the modular external hydrogen power supply module, and the energy storage unit, and is used for power collection and distribution. The energy storage unit is used for power regulation, compensation for transient power and common DC bus voltage fluctuations; The power supply interface unit includes a DC power supply interface and an inverter power supply interface, which are used to provide power to different types of external loads; The power supply interface unit obtains power from the common DC bus and supplies power directly to the DC load through the DC power supply interface, or supplies power to the AC load after converting the DC power to AC power through the inverter power supply interface. When supplying power to the AC load, a grid-type control strategy is run at the inverter power supply interface to maintain the stability of the output voltage and frequency. The grid-type control strategy includes virtual inertia and damping control.

[0024] This invention also provides a long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method, implemented based on the aforementioned long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain system operating status information; The system collects real-time operational status information of the dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, providing data support for subsequent control strategies.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, The operational status information includes the hydrogen source status information of the on-board hydrogen power supply module and the modular external hydrogen power supply module, as well as the operational status information of the supporting fuel cell power generation unit, the common DC bus status information, the energy storage unit status information, and the load demand information. The hydrogen source status information includes pressure and remaining hydrogen quantity. The fuel cell power generation unit operational status information includes output power and efficiency. The common DC bus status information includes voltage and current. The energy storage unit status information includes SOC and voltage. The load demand information includes load power, type, and duration.

[0026] Based on the above multi-dimensional operating status information, the system can conduct in-depth analysis of the matching relationship between the current comprehensive energy supply capacity and the actual load demand, thereby providing accurate data basis for establishing a dynamic hydrogen source replacement mechanism and multi-mode operation control.

[0027] Step S2: Establish a dynamic hydrogen source succession strategy; Based on the system operating status information obtained in step S1, the continuous energy supply capacity of the current hydrogen source is evaluated to determine the priority of hydrogen source access. Preferably, in step S2, the method for assessing the continuous energy supply capacity of the hydrogen source and determining the priority of hydrogen source access is as follows: Let H i H represents the remaining hydrogen storage ratio of the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group, indicating the percentage of remaining hydrogen storage relative to the rated hydrogen storage capacity. th The remaining hydrogen storage ratio switching threshold; when H i >H th If the fuel cell power generation unit associated with the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is operating normally, the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is determined to be able to supply energy continuously; otherwise, it is determined to be unable to supply energy continuously. Only sustainable hydrogen storage units or hydrogen storage cylinder groups are included in the hydrogen source access priority ranking; the hydrogen source access priority ranking is set so that external hydrogen sources take precedence over on-board hydrogen sources, and the hydrogen storage units of external hydrogen sources are ranked according to H. i Arrange them in order of priority from highest to lowest.

[0028] Step S3: Determine whether hydrogen needs to be added / replaced or the hydrogen source needs to be switched; if yes, proceed to step S4; if no, proceed to step S6. Preferably, in step S3, the hydrogen refueling operation involves connecting to an external hydrogen supply pipeline, with a long-tube trailer or other external hydrogen supply source continuously supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell power generation unit directly through an external hydrogen supply interface; the hydrogen swapping operation involves connecting a modular hydrogen storage unit, replacing the current power supply hydrogen storage unit with a backup hydrogen storage unit; and the hydrogen source switching operation involves switching from a single hydrogen source operation mode (either on-board or external hydrogen source) to a dual-source collaborative operation mode, or switching from a single hydrogen source with lower power (either on-board or external) to a single hydrogen source with higher power. Let P ext,av be the current total output power of the fuel cell power generation units matched to all modular external hydrogen source hydrogen storage units for sustainable energy supply, P veh,av be the current output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the on-board hydrogen source hydrogen storage cylinder group for sustainable energy supply, P L be the current total load power; (1) The conditions for determining that hydrogen source switching is required are: the current operation mode is a single hydrogen source operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source or the on-board hydrogen source supplies energy alone, and the following is satisfied: P i,av = min(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) , or: P i,av = max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤ P ext,av + P veh,av ; wherein, P i,av is the total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the currently supplying hydrogen source; (2) The conditions for determining that hydrogen replacement is required are: the current operation mode is a dual-source cooperative operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source and the on-board hydrogen source jointly supply energy, and the following is satisfied: there exists at least one energy-supplying hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group i : H i ≤ H th ; that is, when the remaining hydrogen storage ratio of any currently supplying hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group reaches or is lower than the set switching threshold, it is determined that a hydrogen replacement operation is required; (3) The conditions for determining that hydrogen refueling is required are: the current operation mode is a dual-source cooperative operation mode, in which the modular external hydrogen source and the on-board hydrogen source jointly supply energy, and the following is satisfied: all energy-supplying hydrogen storage units or hydrogen storage cylinder groups i：H i > H th , and: P L > P ext,av + P veh,av .

[0029] Step S4: Perform hydrogen addition, hydrogen exchange, or hydrogen source switching operations; Specific physical operations such as hydrogen source replenishment, hydrogen storage unit replacement, or dual-source switching are performed through flexible access technology. set up T s To set the execution waiting time threshold, 2 seconds is used; under non-fault conditions, the waiting time for hydrogen refueling, hydrogen exchange, or hydrogen source switching operations reaches [a certain threshold]. T s Then execution will begin to avoid frequent switching caused by instantaneous measurement fluctuations; for fault-related reasons such as fuel cell failure or hydrogen supply interruption, the switching will be triggered directly.

[0030] Preferably, in step S4, if a hydrogen refueling operation is performed, the external hydrogen source of the long-tube trailer is directly connected through the external hydrogen supply interface; if a hydrogen exchange or switching operation is performed, the backup power supply unit is switched in according to the priority order determined in step S2. The steps for hydrogen refueling, hydrogen exchange, and hydrogen source switching operations are as follows: S4.1, the backup hydrogen source is connected in advance; The backup hydrogen source includes a backup modular external hydrogen storage unit or a vehicle-mounted hydrogen source or a long-tube trailer external hydrogen source to be connected. The backup hydrogen source power supply unit is connected to the common DC bus to establish power supply capacity in advance; ensuring that a new power supply unit is connected to the grid before the original hydrogen source is withdrawn.

[0031] S4.2, Output power coordination adjustment; Based on the output status of the original hydrogen source and the operating status of the backup hydrogen source, the output power of different energy supply units is dynamically adjusted: the output power of the original hydrogen source energy supply unit is gradually reduced, while the output power of the backup hydrogen source energy supply unit is gradually increased, so as to achieve a smooth power transfer between the two hydrogen sources and avoid sudden changes in output power. S4.3, the original hydrogen source is deactivated; When the backup hydrogen source power supply unit is assuming the full load power, the original hydrogen source power supply unit is disconnected from the common DC bus; thus completing one hydrogen source replacement. S4.4, cyclical energy supply; Through the cyclical execution of steps S4.1-S4.3 above, different power supply units are connected, run, and disconnected in sequence, enabling the system to continuously obtain hydrogen supply without shutdown; thus achieving continuous power supply for a long period of time.

[0032] Step S5, Power Coordination and Energy Management; When the hydrogen addition, hydrogen replacement or hydrogen source switching operation begins in step S4, the energy storage unit is synchronously triggered to enter the power compensation state. The energy storage unit is used to compensate for transient power fluctuations, coordinate the output power of multiple sources, and maintain the stability of the common DC bus voltage. Preferably, in step S5, the energy management and coordination controller acquires the load power, the actual output power of each fuel cell, and the common DC bus voltage in real time, and calculates the energy storage target power command, as follows: Assume the actual total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit currently connected to the external hydrogen source is P ext The actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and its fuel cell power generation unit is P veh System transient power difference ΔP for: ΔP = P L - ( P ext + P veh ), Let the actual voltage of the common DC bus be V dc Rated voltage is V dc Common DC bus voltage deviation e V for: e V = V dc - V dc , When the system transient power difference ΔP and / or the common DC bus voltage deviation e V When the system's transient power difference exceeds the allowable range, ΔP As a fast feedforward quantity, the common DC bus voltage deviation e V As closed-loop regulation quantities, they jointly determine the target power command for energy storage. P ess The calculation formula is: Pess = sat ΔP + K p e V + K i e V dt], wherein, K p is a voltage-power proportional adjustment coefficient, with the dimension of kW / V; K i is a voltage-power integral adjustment coefficient, with the dimension of kW / (V·s); sat[·] represents performing amplitude limiting according to the maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit; The energy management and coordination controller sends the target power command P ess to the bidirectional DC conversion unit matched with the energy storage unit, and the bidirectional DC conversion unit adjusts the charging and discharging current of the energy storage, P ess >0, the energy storage unit discharges, P ess <0, the energy storage unit charges; when ΔP and e V both enter the set allowable range and the continuous state reaches the set time, the energy storage unit switches from the power compensation state to the standby state.

[0033] as Figure 3 shown, during the dynamic replacement process of the hydrogen source, the system realizes continuous energy output in the process of energy supply subject change through power coordination among the fuel cell power generation unit, the DC conversion unit and the energy storage unit.

[0034] Step S6, configuring a load power supply mode and stable power supply control; Flexibly configure the DC or AC power supply mode according to load characteristics, and apply a grid-forming control strategy to stabilize AC voltage and frequency; Preferably, in step S6, configuring the power supply mode includes: (1) Detect the load type in real time: the DC power supply interface and the inverter power supply interface are respectively provided with load access state detection signals, which are respectively denoted as S dc and S ac ; wherein, S dc=1 indicates that the DC power supply interface has detected a load connection. S ac =1 indicates that the inverter power supply interface has detected a load connection; when no load connection is detected, the corresponding status signal is 0; the energy management and coordination controller determines the load power supply type based on the status signal.

[0035] (2) DC power supply mode: when S dc =1, S ac When =0, it is determined that there is a DC load power supply demand, and the DC power supply interface is put into operation, while the inverter power supply interface remains disconnected. (3) AC power supply mode: when S dc =0, S ac When =1, it is determined that there is an AC load power supply demand. The inverter power supply interface is put into operation to convert the common DC bus power into AC power and then supply power to the load. The DC power supply interface is kept disconnected. (4) Automatic switching of power supply interface: When the load connection status changes from ( S dc , S ac When (1,0) changes to (0,1), or from (0,1) to (1,0), the energy management and coordination controller determines that the load power supply type has changed. It first disconnects the original power supply interface and then connects the target power supply interface to realize the automatic switching between DC power supply mode and AC power supply mode. The AC power supply mode adopts a grid-based control strategy, including: (1) Deployment of network-based control strategies; A grid-based control strategy is implemented at the inverter power supply interface, replacing the traditional phase-locked loop (PLL) follower control. This enables the system to autonomously establish and maintain voltage and frequency, eliminating reliance on the external power grid as a voltage reference.

[0036] (2) Virtual inertia control; Virtual inertia control simulates the rotor inertial response characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator, generating power output proportional to the rate of frequency change when the system frequency changes, suppressing sudden frequency changes, and providing inertial support for the system.

[0037] (3) Damping control; Damping control suppresses system frequency oscillations by providing damping power proportional to the frequency deviation when frequency fluctuations occur, accelerating the system frequency recovery to the rated value and preventing continuous frequency oscillations.

[0038] The grid-type control strategy actively maintains the amplitude and frequency of the system output voltage within the rated range, without relying on the voltage reference of the external power grid, enabling the system to independently establish a stable AC voltage and frequency in islanded operation mode.

[0039] Step S7: Detection, assessment, and decision-making regarding continuous power supply capability; Periodically check and evaluate the system's operating status to determine whether to maintain the status quo, return to step S3, or trigger an alarm.

[0040] Preferably, in step S7, the periodically detected parameters include the actual total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit currently connected to the external hydrogen source. P ext Actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and fuel cell power generation unit P veh Actual voltage of common DC bus V dc ; Assess and make decisions regarding the current power supply capacity and load matching, as well as the stability of the common DC bus, including: (1) If the current power supply capacity and load matching degree and the stability of the common DC bus meet the set indicators, then the current status quo shall be maintained and power supply shall continue; The current energy supply capacity and load matching ratio setting index is as follows: P ext + P veh ≥ P L , The current stability setting index for the common DC bus is: δV ≤ ε V , δV = |V dc - V dc | / V dc × 100%, Where δV is the common DC bus voltage deviation rate; V dc The rated voltage of the common DC bus; ε V The permissible deviation rate threshold for the common DC bus voltage is set at 5%. If the rated voltage of the common DC bus V dc Taking 400V as an example, and assuming no voltage fluctuations exceed the limit, the normal operating range of the common DC bus is: 380 V ≤ V. dc ≤ 420 V.

[0041] (2) If the current energy supply capacity and load matching degree do not meet the set index, then proceed to step S3, where step S3 determines the corresponding hydrogen addition, hydrogen replacement or hydrogen source switching needs, and step S4 executes the corresponding operation. (3) If the current power supply capacity and load matching meet the set indicators, but the stability of the common DC bus does not meet the set indicators: When δV>ε V And T V < T V,th In the meantime, maintain the status quo and continue periodic testing; When δV>ε V And T V ≥ T V,th When this occurs, it is determined to be an abnormal operating state and an alarm is triggered. Among them, T V T represents the continuous over-limit time of the common DC bus voltage. V,th The threshold value for the duration of continuous over-limit voltage on the common DC bus is set to 2 seconds.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment sets up a dual-source hydrogen energy supply module collaborative operation mode. In the initial stage, the on-board hydrogen energy supply module and the modular external hydrogen energy supply module jointly provide the electrical energy required by the load to the common DC bus. The on-board hydrogen energy supply module maintains its rated power output, while the modular external hydrogen energy supply module undertakes the main power supply needs. When the modular external hydrogen energy supply module is switched or replaced, the output power of different hydrogen energy supply modules is coordinated and controlled by the corresponding DC conversion unit to achieve smooth power transfer between the energy supply modules and maintain the stable operation of the common DC bus.

[0044] The simulation parameters for Example 1 are shown in Table 1, and the simulation results are as follows: Figures 4 to 5 As shown, where Figure 4 The demonstration showcased the onboard hydrogen power supply module, the modular external hydrogen power supply module, and the load-side power coordination process. Figure 5 The voltage variation of the common DC bus is shown. Through analysis... Figure 4 This verifies that different hydrogen source power supply modules can coordinate power according to system operation requirements, achieving flexible access and continuous power supply from multiple hydrogen sources; through analysis Figure 5 This verifies that the common DC bus can maintain stable operation during the dual-source power supply switching process, providing a foundation for subsequent modular hydrogen source replacement and long-term continuous power supply.

[0045]

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment is based on the long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency supply system described in Embodiment 1, and is used to verify the system's long-term continuous power supply capability under modular external hydrogen source replacement conditions.

[0048] This embodiment sets up a continuous operation mode for emergency loads. The on-board hydrogen source power supply module serves as an auxiliary power supply unit connected to the common DC bus, while the modular external hydrogen source power supply module serves as the primary power supply unit. This module consists of multiple independently connectable hydrogen storage power supply units, each supplying power to the common DC bus via a corresponding fuel cell power generation unit and DC-DC converter. During operation, the first modular external hydrogen source power supply unit handles the primary load power demand. When the remaining hydrogen storage capacity of the first modular external hydrogen source power supply unit reaches a set switching threshold, the energy management and coordination controller, based on hydrogen storage status information, fuel cell operating status, and load demand information, controls the backup modular external hydrogen source power supply unit to connect to the common DC bus and adjusts the output power of different power supply units to achieve continuous power supply during hydrogen source replacement. By cyclically replacing different modular external hydrogen source power supply units, the system can continuously obtain hydrogen supply without prolonged shutdown, achieving long-duration continuous power supply capability in emergency scenarios.

[0049] Simulation results of Example 2 are as follows Figures 6 to 7 As shown, where Figure 6 The power changes during the replacement of different modular hydrogen source units are shown. Figure 7 The changes in the remaining hydrogen storage state of each modular hydrogen storage unit are illustrated. Through analysis... Figure 6 This allows for the verification of load-side power continuity during modular hydrogen source replacement, through analysis. Figure 7 It can verify the cyclic replacement energy supply capability based on hydrogen storage state management.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This embodiment is based on the long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency supply system described in Embodiment 1, and is used to verify the system's multi-mode power supply adaptability to different types of emergency loads and its output stability under AC power supply mode.

[0052] This embodiment sets up two operating modes: DC load power supply mode and AC load power supply mode. When the emergency load is a DC load, the fuel cell generator outputs electrical energy into the common DC bus via a DC-DC converter and provides stable DC power to the load through the DC power supply interface. When the emergency load is an AC load, the system converts the common DC bus power into AC power through the inverter power supply interface and uses a grid-type control strategy to maintain stable AC output voltage and frequency. In DC power supply mode, the rated voltage of the common DC bus is set to 400V, and the DC output characteristics of the system are analyzed. In AC power supply mode, the AC output voltage is set to 220V and the frequency to 50Hz, and the dynamic response of the AC output voltage amplitude and frequency is analyzed under load disturbance conditions.

[0053] Simulation results of Example 3 are as follows Figures 8 to 9 As shown. Among them, Figure 8 The output voltage waveforms of the system under DC load mode and AC load mode are shown. Figure 9 This demonstrates the changes in output voltage and frequency during load disturbances in AC power supply mode. Through analysis... Figure 8 This verifies that the system can select the corresponding power supply interface according to different emergency load types, achieving flexible power supply for both DC and AC loads; through analysis Figure 9 It can be verified that after adopting the grid-type control strategy, the system output voltage and frequency can remain stable in AC power supply mode, providing reliable power supply support for hydrogen energy emergency supply systems for different application scenarios.

Claims

1. A long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system, characterized in that, It includes an on-board hydrogen power supply module, a modular external hydrogen power supply module, a fuel cell power generation unit, a DC-DC converter unit, a bidirectional DC-DC converter unit, a common DC bus, an energy storage unit, a power supply interface unit, and an energy management and coordination controller; The on-board hydrogen power supply module includes a hydrogen storage cylinder group for providing a hydrogen source; the modular external hydrogen power supply module includes two or more independently connectable hydrogen storage units for providing a hydrogen source. The fuel cell power generation unit is configured in conjunction with the hydrogen storage cylinder group of the on-board hydrogen source power supply module and the hydrogen storage unit of the modular external hydrogen source power supply module, and is used to convert the chemical energy in the hydrogen source into electrical energy. The DC-DC converter unit is configured in conjunction with the fuel cell power generation unit to regulate and convert electrical energy and flexibly connect to the common DC bus. The bidirectional DC-DC converter unit is connected in conjunction with the energy storage unit. The common DC bus connects the on-board hydrogen power supply module, the modular external hydrogen power supply module, and the energy storage unit, and is used for power collection and distribution. The energy storage unit is used for power regulation, compensation for transient power and common DC bus voltage fluctuations; The power supply interface unit includes a DC power supply interface and an inverter power supply interface, which are used to provide power to external loads; The power supply interface unit obtains electrical energy from the common DC bus and supplies power directly to the DC load through the DC power supply interface, or inverts the DC power to AC power through the inverter power supply interface and supplies power to the AC load; when supplying power to the AC load, a network-type control strategy is run at the inverter power supply interface, and the network-type control strategy includes virtual inertia and damping control.

2. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-board hydrogen power supply module and the modular external hydrogen power supply module respectively supply hydrogen to the matching fuel cell power generation unit, which converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy. The fuel cell power generation units are connected to the common DC bus through matching DC conversion units. The DC conversion units adjust the output power according to the output capacity of the fuel cell power generation units, the load demand and the status of the common DC bus to complete the collection and flexible access of multiple hydrogen source power. The energy storage unit is connected to the common DC bus through a matching bidirectional DC-DC converter unit. During hydrogen refueling / hydrogen exchange or hydrogen source switching, it compensates for power fluctuations and maintains the voltage stability of the common DC bus. The energy management and coordination controller is used to receive operating status information, send control commands to the DC-DC converter and energy storage unit, and coordinate the output power of the on-board hydrogen power supply module, the modular external hydrogen power supply module and the energy storage unit.

3. A long-duration dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method, implemented based on the dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain system operating status information; Real-time acquisition of operational status information of the dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply system; Step S2: Establish a dynamic hydrogen source succession strategy; Based on the system operating status information obtained in step S1, the continuous energy supply capacity of the current hydrogen source is evaluated to determine the priority of hydrogen source access. Step S3: Determine whether hydrogen needs to be added / replaced or the hydrogen source needs to be switched; if yes, proceed to step S4; if no, proceed to step S6. Step S4: Perform hydrogen addition, hydrogen exchange, or hydrogen source switching operations; Physical operations such as hydrogen source replenishment, hydrogen storage unit replacement, or dual-source switching are performed through flexible access technology. Step S5, Power Coordination and Energy Management; When the hydrogen addition, hydrogen exchange or hydrogen source switching operation begins in step S4, the energy storage unit is synchronously triggered to enter the power compensation state, and the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit is used to compensate for transient power fluctuations and maintain the stability of the common DC bus voltage. Step S6: Configure load power supply mode and stable power supply control; Configure DC or AC power supply mode according to load characteristics, and apply grid-type control strategy to stabilize AC voltage and frequency; Step S7: Detection, assessment, and decision-making regarding continuous power supply capability; Periodically check and evaluate the system's operating status to determine whether to maintain the status quo, return to step S3, or trigger an alarm.

4. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the operating status information includes the hydrogen source status information of the on-board hydrogen power supply module and the modular external hydrogen power supply module, as well as the operating status information of the supporting fuel cell power generation unit, the common DC bus status information, the energy storage unit status information, and the load demand information; the hydrogen source status information includes pressure and remaining hydrogen; the fuel cell power generation unit operating status information includes output power and efficiency; the common DC bus status information includes voltage and current; the energy storage unit status information includes SOC and voltage; and the load demand information includes load power, type, and duration.

5. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the method for determining the priority of hydrogen source access is as follows: Let H i H represents the remaining hydrogen storage ratio of the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group, indicating the percentage of remaining hydrogen storage relative to the rated hydrogen storage capacity. th The remaining hydrogen storage ratio switching threshold; when H i >H th If the fuel cell power generation unit associated with the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is operating normally, the i-th hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group is determined to be able to supply energy continuously; otherwise, it is determined to be unable to supply energy continuously. Sustainable hydrogen storage units or hydrogen cylinder assemblies will be included in the priority ranking for hydrogen source access; the priority ranking for hydrogen source access will be set as modular external hydrogen sources over on-board hydrogen sources, and the hydrogen storage units of modular external hydrogen sources will be ranked according to... H i Arrange them in order of priority from highest to lowest.

6. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the hydrogen refueling operation is that the external hydrogen supply source of the long tube trailer continuously supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell power generation unit directly through the external hydrogen supply interface; the hydrogen swapping operation is to replace the current energy storage unit with a backup hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen source switching operation is to switch from a single hydrogen source independent energy supply mode to a dual hydrogen source combined energy supply mode, or to switch from a single hydrogen source with lower power between the on-board hydrogen source and the modular external hydrogen source to a single hydrogen source with higher power. Let P ext,av be the current total output power of the fuel cell power generation units supporting all modular external hydrogen source hydrogen storage units with sustainable energy supply, P veh,av be the current output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the on-board hydrogen source hydrogen storage cylinder bank with sustainable energy supply, P L be the current total load power; (1) The conditions for determining the need for hydrogen source switching are: the current energy supply is provided by a modular external hydrogen source or an on-board hydrogen source, and the following conditions are met: P i,av = min(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) ， or: P i,av = max(P ext,av , P veh,av ) < P L ≤ P ext,av + P veh,av ； in, P i,av This represents the total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit corresponding to the current hydrogen source. (2) The conditions for determining the need for hydrogen replacement are: using a combination of modular external hydrogen sources and on-board hydrogen sources for energy supply, and satisfying the following: There is at least one hydrogen storage unit or hydrogen storage cylinder group. i : H i ≤ H th ; (3) The conditions for determining the need for hydrogen refueling are: the current energy supply is a combination of modular external hydrogen sources and on-board hydrogen sources, and the following conditions are met: All power supply and hydrogen storage units or hydrogen storage cylinder groups i： H i > H th , and: P L > P ext,av + P veh,av 。 7. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, if a hydrogen refueling operation is to be performed, the external hydrogen source of the long tube trailer is directly connected through the external hydrogen supply interface; if a hydrogen exchange or switching operation is to be performed, the backup power supply unit is switched in according to the priority order determined in step S2. The steps for adding hydrogen, exchanging hydrogen, and switching hydrogen sources are as follows: S4.1, the backup hydrogen source is connected in advance; The backup hydrogen source includes a backup modular external hydrogen storage unit or a vehicle-mounted hydrogen source to be connected or a long-tube trailer external hydrogen source. The backup hydrogen supply unit is connected to the common DC bus to establish the power supply capacity in advance. S4.2, Output power coordination adjustment; Adjusting the output power of the power supply unit: reducing the output power of the original hydrogen source power supply unit while increasing the output power of the backup hydrogen source power supply unit, so as to achieve a smooth power transfer between the two hydrogen source power supply units; S4.3, the original hydrogen source is deactivated; When the backup hydrogen power supply unit is assuming the full load power, the original hydrogen power supply unit will be disconnected from the common DC bus. S4.4, cyclical energy supply; Through the cyclical execution of steps S4.1-S4.3 above, different power supply units are connected, run, and disconnected in sequence, enabling the system to continuously obtain a hydrogen source supply without shutdown.

8. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the energy management and coordination controller acquires the load power, the actual output power of each fuel cell, and the common DC bus voltage in real time, and calculates the energy storage target power command, as follows: Assume the actual total output power of the fuel cell power generation unit currently connected to the external hydrogen source is P ext The actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and its fuel cell power generation unit is P veh System transient power difference ΔP for: ΔP = P L - ( P ext + P veh )， Let the actual voltage of the common DC bus be V dc Rated voltage is V dc Common DC bus voltage deviation e V for: e V = V dc - V dc ， When the system transient power difference ΔP and / or the common DC bus voltage deviation e V When the voltage exceeds the allowable range, the system transient power difference ΔP is used as a fast feedforward quantity, and the common DC bus voltage deviation is used as the feedforward quantity. e V As closed-loop regulation quantities, they jointly determine the target power command for energy storage. P ess The calculation formula is: P ess = sat[ ΔP + K p e V + K i e V dt], in, K p This is the voltage-power proportional adjustment coefficient, with dimensions of kW / V; K i is the voltage-power integral regulation coefficient, with dimensions of kW / (V·s); sat[·] indicates that the limit is applied according to the maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit; The energy management and coordination controller sends the target power command P ess to the bidirectional DC conversion unit matched with the energy storage unit, and the bidirectional DC conversion unit adjusts the charge and discharge current of the energy storage, P ess when >0, the energy storage unit discharges, P ess when <0, the energy storage unit charges; when ΔP and e V both enter the set allowable range and the state lasts for a set time, the energy storage unit switches from the power compensation state to the standby state.

9. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S6, configuring the power supply mode includes: (1) Real-time load type detection: Load connection status detection signals are set for the DC power supply interface and the inverter power supply interface respectively, and are denoted as follows: S dc and S ac ;in, S dc =1 indicates that the DC power supply interface has detected a load connection. S ac =1 indicates that the inverter power supply interface has detected a load connection; when no load connection is detected, the corresponding status signal is 0. (2) DC power supply mode: when S dc =1, S ac When =0, it is determined that there is a DC load power supply demand, and the DC power supply interface is put into operation, while the inverter power supply interface remains disconnected. (3) AC power supply mode: when S dc =0, S ac When =1, it is determined that there is an AC load power supply demand. The inverter power supply interface is put into operation to convert the common DC bus power into AC power and then supply power to the load. The DC power supply interface is kept disconnected. (4) Automatic switching of power supply interface: When the load connection status changes from ( S dc , S ac When (1,0) changes to (0,1), or from (0,1) to (1,0), the energy management and coordination controller determines that the load power supply type has changed. It first disconnects the original power supply interface and then connects the target power supply interface to realize the automatic switching between DC power supply mode and AC power supply mode. The AC power supply mode adopts a grid-based control strategy, including: (1) Deployment of network-based control strategies; A grid-based control strategy is implemented at the inverter power supply interface; (2) Virtual inertia control; Virtual inertia control simulates the rotor inertial response characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator, generating power output proportional to the rate of frequency change when the system frequency changes, thus suppressing sudden frequency changes. (3) Damping control; It provides damping power proportional to the frequency deviation when the frequency fluctuates, preventing the frequency from oscillating continuously.

10. The dual-source hydrogen energy emergency power supply operation control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S7, the periodically detected parameters include the actual total output power of the current external hydrogen source-supporting fuel cell power generation unit. P ext Actual output power of the on-board hydrogen source and fuel cell power generation unit P veh Actual voltage V of common DC bus dc ; Assess and make decisions regarding the current power supply capacity and load matching, as well as the stability of the common DC bus, including: (1) If the current power supply capacity and load matching degree and the stability of the common DC bus meet the set indicators, then the current status quo shall be maintained and power supply shall continue; The current energy supply capacity and load matching ratio setting index is as follows: P ext + P veh ≥ P L , The current stability setting index for the common DC bus is: δV ≤ ε V , δV = |V dc - V dc | / V dc × 100%, Where δV is the common DC bus voltage deviation rate; V dc The rated voltage of the common DC bus; ε V The threshold for the allowable deviation rate of the common DC bus voltage; (2) If the current energy supply capacity and load matching degree do not meet the set index, proceed to step S3; (3) If the current power supply capacity and load matching meet the set indicators, but the stability of the common DC bus does not meet the set indicators: When δV>ε V And T V <T V,th In the meantime, maintain the status quo and continue periodic testing; When δV>ε V And T V ≥T V,th When this occurs, it is determined to be an abnormal operating state and an alarm is triggered. Among them, T V T represents the continuous over-limit time of the common DC bus voltage. V,th The threshold for the duration of continuous over-limit of the common DC bus voltage.

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