A lithium battery module energy storage switch intelligent management system

Abstract

The application discloses a lithium battery module energy storage switch intelligent management system, and relates to the technical field of lithium battery management. The system comprises a power module, is used for connecting DC power and power supply, and is used for voltage regulation of the electric energy released by the parallel connection of a first battery module and a second battery module. Compared with the prior art, the lithium battery module energy storage switch intelligent management system has the beneficial effects that: the system is used for parallel charging and discharging of two groups of battery modules, bypassing and circuit breaking of abnormal lithium battery groups, maintaining equal number of parallel connection battery groups, equalizing and regulating the two groups of battery modules, and collecting the electric energy of the lithium battery groups bypassed and not abnormal to a DC bus, and then transferring the electric energy to the lowest voltage battery group of the two groups of battery modules through the transformer and power tube array of the equalization interaction module, so as to realize secondary use of fault energy across modules, and when the number of abnormal lithium battery groups exceeds the number threshold, the abnormal battery module is cut off and the healthy battery group in the abnormal battery module continuously feeds power through bypassing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery management technology, specifically to an intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switches. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, with their advantages of high energy density and long cycle life, have been widely used in energy storage power stations, new energy vehicles, and industrial emergency power supplies. To meet the high voltage and large capacity requirements of energy storage systems, individual batteries are usually connected in series and parallel to form battery modules. However, most existing lithium battery management systems (BMS) rely on dedicated battery management systems for charging, discharging, and equalization control. In a fixed series topology, if any lithium-ion battery pack experiences an abnormality such as an open circuit or severe aging, the entire series branch usually needs to be disconnected, causing the remaining normal battery packs to cease operation and resulting in wasted capacity. Furthermore, the two parallel battery modules operate independently, lacking control over the number of working battery packs within each module. In terms of quantity coordination management, when the number of available batteries on both sides is inconsistent, parallel discharge will cause voltage mismatch and circulating current problems. In addition, most existing lithium battery management systems use single-circuit transformers or inductors for energy storage, which cannot flexibly distribute the energy released by the bypass faulty battery to the battery pack with the lowest voltage in the other module through the intermediate bus. The balancing flexibility and energy utilization rate need to be improved. When the dual battery modules are running in parallel, when one module is forced to exit series discharge due to too many abnormal batteries, the battery packs that are still working in that module are usually disconnected as well, and cannot continue to power the other module as redundant energy. The system's fault tolerance and endurance are limited, so improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switches to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a smart management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch is provided, comprising:

[0005] The power module is connected to a first battery module and a second battery module. It is used to receive DC power and supply power to the first and second battery modules. It also regulates the voltage of the power released in parallel by the first and second battery modules.

[0006] The first battery module and the second battery module are both connected to the microcontroller module and the equalization interaction module. Each module contains multiple lithium battery packs, which are used to perform series energy storage and discharge of the multiple lithium battery packs under the control of the microcontroller module, to disconnect and bypass abnormal lithium battery packs, and to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery packs that are not abnormal to the equalization interaction module. The module also performs voltage detection on each lithium battery pack and stops series energy storage and discharge when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a certain threshold.

[0007] The microcontroller module, connected to the power supply module and the equalization interaction module, controls the power supply module's access to DC power and voltage regulation. It receives voltage information from the first and second battery modules. When the power supply module is not connected to DC power, it controls the equalization interaction module to transfer the energy released from the highest-voltage lithium battery pack in each of the first and second battery modules to the other lithium battery packs. When DC power is connected, or when the equalization interaction module receives energy released from a bypassed lithium battery pack that is functioning normally, it controls the DC power supply or equalization interaction module to transfer the received energy to the respective lithium battery packs in both the first and second battery modules. The lowest voltage lithium battery pack is used to determine the abnormality and aging of each lithium battery pack based on voltage information. The first battery module and the second battery module are controlled to disconnect and bypass the abnormal lithium battery packs. By disconnecting and bypassing the working lithium battery packs, the number of working lithium battery packs in the first battery module and the second battery module are consistent. The electrical energy released by the working lithium battery packs that have been disconnected and bypassed is transferred to the equalization interaction module. When the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches the number threshold, the lithium battery packs in the first battery module or the second battery module that have not been abnormal are disconnected and bypassed, and the released electrical energy is transferred to the equalization interaction module.

[0008] The equalization interaction module, connected to the first battery module and the second battery module, is used to collect the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities. Under the control of the microcontroller module, it performs voltage equalization control on the first battery module and the second battery module through energy transfer.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the first battery module includes a battery pack unit, a switching unit, and an automatic control unit;

[0010] The battery pack unit is used to control multiple lithium battery packs to perform series energy storage and discharge. It is controlled by a microcontroller module and performs circuit breaking and bypass control on the lithium battery packs. It also performs voltage detection on each lithium battery pack.

[0011] The switching unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities to the equalization interaction module.

[0012] The automatic control unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module and stop the series energy storage and discharge of the battery pack unit when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a certain threshold.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery pack unit includes a first thyristor, a first battery pack, a second thyristor, a second battery pack, a third thyristor, a third battery pack, a first inverter, a second inverter, a third inverter, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a fourth thyristor, a fifth thyristor, and a sixth thyristor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller;

[0014] Preferably, the first terminal of the first thyristor is connected to one terminal of the fourth thyristor, the second terminal of the first thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack, the second terminal of the first battery pack is connected to one terminal of the second thyristor and one terminal of the fifth thyristor, the other terminal of the second thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack, the second terminal of the second battery pack is connected to one terminal of the third thyristor and one terminal of the sixth thyristor, the other terminal of the third thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack, the second terminal of the third battery pack is connected to the other terminal of the sixth thyristor and a reference ground, and the control terminals of the first thyristor, the second thyristor, and the third thyristor are respectively connected to the output of the first inverter. The first inverter has three terminals: the output terminal of the first inverter, the output terminal of the second inverter, and the output terminal of the third inverter. The input terminal of the first inverter is connected to the cathode of the first diode. The anode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the second diode. The control terminal of the fourth thyristor is connected to the IO5 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and the input terminal of the second inverter. The anode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode. The control terminal of the fifth thyristor is connected to the IO6 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the input terminal of the third inverter and the cathode of the fifth diode. The anode of the fifth diode is connected to the control terminal of the sixth thyristor and the IO7 terminal of the first controller.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery pack unit further includes a seventh thyristor, an eighth thyristor, a ninth thyristor, a tenth thyristor, and an eleventh thyristor; the equalization interaction module includes a DC bus;

[0016] Preferably, one end of the seventh thyristor is connected to one end of the ninth thyristor, one end of the eleventh thyristor, and the first end of the DC bus; one end of the eighth thyristor is connected to one end of the tenth thyristor, the second end of the DC bus, and the reference ground; the other ends of the seventh thyristor, the eighth thyristor, the ninth thyristor, the tenth thyristor, and the eleventh thyristor are respectively connected to the first end of the first battery pack, the second end of the first battery pack, the first end of the second battery pack, the second end of the second battery pack, and the first end of the third battery pack; the control terminal of the seventh thyristor is connected to the control terminal of the eighth thyristor and the IO8 terminal of the first controller; the control terminal of the ninth thyristor is connected to the control terminal of the tenth thyristor and the IO9 terminal of the first controller; and the control terminal of the eleventh thyristor is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the equalization interaction module further includes a first inductor, a first power transistor, a first transformer, a second inductor, a second power transistor, a third inductor, a third power transistor, a fourth inductor, and a fourth power transistor;

[0018] Preferably, the first terminal of the first primary side of the first transformer is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor through the first inductor; the second terminal of the first primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the first power transistor; the source of the first power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack; the first terminal of the second primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack through the second inductor; the second terminal of the second primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the second power transistor; the source of the second power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack; the first terminal of the third primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second terminal of the second battery pack through the third inductor; the second terminal of the third primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the third power transistor; the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor and is connected to the source of the third power transistor, the second terminal of the third battery pack, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer through the fourth inductor; the drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the DC bus; and the gates of the first power transistor, the second power transistor, the third power transistor, and the fourth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO1, IO2, IO3, and IO4 terminals of the first controller.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery pack unit further includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first detector, and a second detector;

[0020] Preferably, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first battery pack, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the IO13 terminal of the first controller and connected to the second end of the first battery pack through the second resistor, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second battery pack, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the third battery pack, and the output terminal of the first detector and the output terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the IO14 terminal and the IO15 terminal of the first controller.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the automatic control unit includes a fourth inverter, a first logic unit, a third detector, a fourth detector, an adder, a first comparator, a first reference source, and a sixth diode;

[0022] Preferably, the first input terminal of the first logic unit, the input terminal of the fourth inverter, the first terminal of the third detector, the second terminal of the third detector, the first terminal of the fourth detector, and the second terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the IO5, IO8, IO6, IO9, IO7, and IO10 terminals of the first controller. The second input terminal of the first logic unit is connected to the output terminal of the fourth inverter. The output terminal of the first logic unit, the third terminal of the third detector, and the third terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal of the adder. The output terminal of the adder is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator. The inverting terminal of the first comparator is connected to the first reference source. The output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the anode of the sixth diode and the IO16 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the input terminal of the first inverter.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the equalization interaction module also includes a fifth power transistor and a sixth power transistor;

[0024] Preferably, the source of the fifth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor, the drain of the fifth power transistor is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor, the source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer, and the gates of the fifth power transistor and the sixth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO11 and IO12 terminals of the first controller.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the second battery module includes a lithium battery device; the equalization interaction module further includes an equalization device;

[0026] Preferably, the first end of the lithium battery device is connected to the first end of the equalization device and the first end of the first thyristor; the second end of the lithium battery device is connected to the second end of the equalization device and the second end of the third battery pack; the third end of the lithium battery device is connected to the third end of the equalization device and the first end of the DC bus; the fourth end of the lithium battery device is connected to the fourth end of the equalization device; and the fifth end of the lithium battery device and the fifth end of the equalization device are respectively connected to the IO19 and IO20 ends of the first controller.

[0027] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power module includes a fifth inductor, a seventh power transistor, a power interface, and an eighth power transistor;

[0028] Preferably, the drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the source of the eighth power transistor and connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor through the fifth inductor. The source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the power interface and the reference ground. The drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the power interface. The gates of the seventh power transistor and the eighth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO17 and IO18 terminals of the first controller.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch of the present invention uses a first battery module and a second battery module for parallel charging and discharging. The microcontroller module can control the bypassing and disconnection of abnormal lithium battery packs in the first and second battery modules and maintain the number of working lithium battery packs in the first and second battery modules equal. It also controls the equalization interaction module to balance and adjust the first and second battery modules and can collect the electrical energy released by the bypassed and normal lithium battery packs to the DC bus. Then, through the transformer and power transistor array of the equalization interaction module, it is directionally transferred to the lowest voltage battery pack of the first and second battery modules, realizing the cross-module secondary utilization of fault energy. When the number of abnormal modules in the first or second battery module exceeds the threshold, the series discharge of the abnormal battery module is cut off, but the still healthy battery pack inside continues to feed power to the DC bus through the bypass, maintaining the supplementary power supply to the normal battery modules, realizing the extension of the driving range under fault-tolerant operation and improving the power supply efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of an intelligent management system for energy storage switches in a lithium battery module, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the first battery module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 The circuit diagram is provided for an embodiment of the present invention of an intelligent management system for energy storage switches of lithium battery modules.

[0034] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of the battery pack unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of an automatic control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 The circuit diagram of the equalization interaction module provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a power module provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A lithium battery module energy storage switch intelligent management system includes: a power module 1, a first battery module 2, a second battery module 3, a microcontroller module 4, and a balancing interaction module 5.

[0040] Power module 1 is connected to a battery module and a second battery module 3. It is used to receive DC power and supply power to the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3. It also regulates the voltage of the power released in parallel by the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3.

[0041] The first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 are both connected to the microcontroller module 4 and the equalization interaction module 5. Each module contains multiple lithium battery packs, which are used to perform series energy storage and discharge of the multiple lithium battery packs under the control of the microcontroller module 4, to perform circuit breaking and bypass control on abnormal lithium battery packs, and to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery packs that are not abnormal to the equalization interaction module 5. The voltage of each lithium battery pack is detected, and when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches the number threshold, the series energy storage and discharge are stopped.

[0042] Microcontroller module 4, connected to power module 1 and equalization interaction module 5, controls the power module 1 to receive DC power and regulate voltage. It receives voltage information from first battery module 2 and second battery module 3. When power module 1 is not connected to DC power, it controls equalization interaction module 5 to transfer the electrical energy released by the highest voltage lithium battery pack in each of the multiple lithium battery packs in first battery module 2 and second battery module 3 to the other multiple lithium battery packs. When DC power is received or equalization interaction module 5 receives electrical energy released by a normally functioning bypassed lithium battery pack, it controls DC power or equalization interaction module 5 to transfer the received electrical energy to the multiple lithium battery packs in each of first battery module 2 and second battery module 3. The lowest voltage lithium battery pack in the battery pack is used to determine the abnormality and aging of each lithium battery pack based on the voltage information. The first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 are controlled to disconnect and bypass the abnormal lithium battery packs. By disconnecting and bypassing the working lithium battery packs, the number of working lithium battery packs in the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 are consistent. The electrical energy released by the working lithium battery packs that have been disconnected and bypassed is transferred to the equalization interaction module 5. When the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches the number threshold, the lithium battery packs in the first battery module 2 or the second battery module 3 that have not been abnormal are disconnected and bypassed, and the released electrical energy is transferred to the equalization interaction module 5.

[0043] The equalization interaction module 5 is connected to the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3. It is used to collect the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities. Under the control of the microcontroller module 4, it performs voltage equalization control on the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 through energy transfer.

[0044] Furthermore, the first battery module 2 includes a battery pack unit 201, a switching unit 202, and an automatic control unit 203;

[0045] Battery pack unit 201 is used to control multiple lithium battery packs to perform series energy storage and discharge. It is controlled by microcontroller module 4 and performs circuit breaking and bypass control on the lithium battery packs. It also performs voltage detection on each lithium battery pack.

[0046] The switching unit 202 is connected to the battery pack unit 201 and is used to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities to the equalization interaction module 5.

[0047] The automatic control unit 203, connected to the battery pack unit 201, is used to transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module 4 and stop the series energy storage and discharge of the battery pack unit 201 when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a certain threshold.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the power module 1 can be a power circuit composed of a power interface, a field-effect transistor, and an inductor, enabling bidirectional power transmission and voltage regulation. The first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 can both be battery circuits composed of multiple lithium battery packs, bidirectional thyristors, diodes, inverters, comparators, adders, etc., enabling series energy storage and discharge. They can control individual lithium battery packs in the multiple battery packs to perform circuit breaking and bypass control, and can control bypassed lithium battery packs to discharge independently. They can also sample the voltage of each lithium battery pack, calculate the number of abnormal lithium battery packs in the first battery module 2 or the second battery module 3 based on the control state of the microcontroller module 4, and compare this number with a set threshold. Furthermore, the battery circuits used in the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 discharge in parallel. The microcontroller module 4 can be a single chip. The microcontroller circuit, composed of a unit, integrates arithmetic logic unit (ALU), controller, memory, and input / output devices to perform functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control, and timing control. The aforementioned equalization interaction module 5 can be a equalization interaction circuit composed of transformers, field-effect transistors, and inductors, controlled by the microcontroller module 4. When no DC power is connected, it controls the highest voltage lithium battery pack in the multiple lithium battery packs of the first battery module 2 or the second battery module 3 to discharge and transfer the released electrical energy to the multiple lithium battery packs for energy storage. When DC power is connected or the equalization interaction module 5 receives electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery packs without any abnormalities, it can control the DC power or equalization interaction module 5 to transfer the received electrical energy to the lowest voltage lithium battery pack in the multiple lithium battery packs of the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3, thus completing the power equalization control.

[0049] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The battery pack unit 201 includes a first thyristor S1, a first battery pack, a second thyristor S2, a second battery pack, a third thyristor S3, a third battery pack, a first inverter J1, a second inverter J2, a third inverter J3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a fourth thyristor S4, a fifth thyristor S5, and a sixth thyristor S6; the microcontroller module 4 includes a first controller U1;

[0050] Specifically, the first terminal of the first thyristor S1 is connected to one terminal of the fourth thyristor S4; the second terminal of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack; the second terminal of the first battery pack is connected to one terminal of the second thyristor S2 and one terminal of the fifth thyristor S5; the other terminal of the second thyristor S2 is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack; the second terminal of the second battery pack is connected to one terminal of the third thyristor S3 and one terminal of the sixth thyristor S6; the other terminal of the third thyristor S3 is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack; the second terminal of the third battery pack is connected to the other terminal of the sixth thyristor S6 and a reference ground; and the control terminals of the first thyristor S1, the second thyristor S2, and the third thyristor S3 are respectively connected to the output terminals of the first inverter J1 and the second inverter J2. The output terminals of J2 and the third inverter J3 are connected. The input terminal of the first inverter J1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1. The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the control terminal of the fourth thyristor S4, and the IO5 terminal of the first controller U1. The cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3 and the input terminal of the second inverter J2. The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, the control terminal of the fifth thyristor S5, and the IO6 terminal of the first controller U1. The cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the input terminal of the third inverter J3 and the cathode of the fifth diode D5. The anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the control terminal of the sixth thyristor S6 and the IO7 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, the first thyristor S1, the second thyristor S2, the third thyristor S3, the fourth thyristor S4, the fifth thyristor S5, and the sixth thyristor S6 can all be bidirectional thyristors. The first thyristor S1 and the second thyristor S2 can control the first battery pack to open circuit; the second thyristor S2 and the third thyristor S3 can control the second battery pack to open circuit; the third thyristor S3 can control the third battery pack to open circuit; and the fourth thyristor S4, the fifth thyristor S5, and the sixth thyristor S6 all perform bypass control. The first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the third battery pack can all be single lithium battery packs, forming multiple lithium battery packs. The first controller U1 can be an STM32 microcontroller. The first inverter J1, the second inverter J2, and the third inverter J3 can all be NOT gates.

[0052] Furthermore, the battery pack unit 201 also includes a seventh thyristor S7, an eighth thyristor S8, a ninth thyristor S9, a tenth thyristor S10, and an eleventh thyristor S11; the equalization interaction module 5 includes a DC bus.

[0053] Specifically, one end of the seventh thyristor S7 is connected to one end of the ninth thyristor S9, one end of the eleventh thyristor S11, and the first end of the DC bus; one end of the eighth thyristor S8 is connected to one end of the tenth thyristor S10, the second end of the DC bus, and the reference ground; the other ends of the seventh thyristor S7, the eighth thyristor S8, the ninth thyristor S9, the tenth thyristor S10, and the eleventh thyristor S11 are respectively connected to the first end of the first battery pack, the second end of the first battery pack, the first end of the second battery pack, the second end of the second battery pack, and the first end of the third battery pack; the control terminal of the seventh thyristor S7 is connected to the control terminal of the eighth thyristor S8 and the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1; the control terminal of the ninth thyristor S9 is connected to the control terminal of the tenth thyristor S10 and the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1; and the control terminal of the eleventh thyristor S11 is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the seventh thyristor S7, the eighth thyristor S8, the ninth thyristor S9, the tenth thyristor S10, and the eleventh thyristor S11 can all be bidirectional thyristors, controlling multiple lithium battery packs to collect electrical energy through a DC bus.

[0055] Furthermore, the equalization interaction module 5 also includes a first inductor L1, a first power transistor Q1, a first transformer B1, a second inductor L2, a second power transistor Q2, a third inductor L3, a third power transistor Q3, a fourth inductor L4, and a fourth power transistor Q4;

[0056] Specifically, the first terminal of the first primary winding of the first transformer B1 is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor S1 through the first inductor L1; the second terminal of the first primary winding of the first transformer B1 is connected to the drain of the first power transistor Q1; the source of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack; the first terminal of the second primary winding of the first transformer B1 is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack through the second inductor L2; the second terminal of the second primary winding of the first transformer B1 is connected to the drain of the second power transistor Q2; the source of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack; and the first terminal of the third primary winding of the first transformer B1 is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack through the third inductor L3. The second terminal of the second battery pack is connected to the drain of the third power transistor Q3. The first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer B1 is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4 and is connected to the source of the third power transistor Q3, the second terminal of the third battery pack, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer B1 through the fourth inductor L4. The drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to the first terminal of the DC bus. The gates of the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3, and the fourth power transistor Q4 are respectively connected to the IO1, IO2, IO3, and IO4 terminals of the first controller U1.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3, and the fourth power transistor Q4 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors.

[0058] Furthermore, the battery pack unit 201 also includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first detector, and a second detector;

[0059] Specifically, the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the first battery pack, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the IO13 terminal of the first controller U1 and connected to the second end of the first battery pack through the second resistor R2, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second battery pack, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the third battery pack, and the output terminal of the first detector and the output terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the IO14 terminal and the IO15 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the circuit structure of the first detector and the second detector is the same as that of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2. Voltage sampling is performed on the second battery pack and the third battery pack. Voltage sampling of the first battery pack is performed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2. The sampled signal can be received by the first controller U1, and abnormal detection such as open circuit and severe aging of the battery pack can be performed. Aging detection such as moderate aging can also be performed. Specifically, severe aging and moderate aging can be evaluated by the first controller U1 based on the voltage and current signals of each lithium battery pack sampled periodically, and the severe aging and moderate aging status of each lithium battery pack will not be elaborated here.

[0061] Furthermore, the automatic control unit 203 includes a fourth inverter J4, a first logic unit IC1, a third detector, a fourth detector, an adder, a first comparator A1, a first reference source VF1, and a sixth diode D6;

[0062] Specifically, the first input terminal of the first logic unit IC1, the input terminal of the fourth inverter J4, the first terminal of the third detector, the second terminal of the third detector, the first terminal of the fourth detector, and the second terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the IO5, IO8, IO6, IO9, IO7, and IO10 terminals of the first controller U1. The second input terminal of the first logic unit IC1 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth inverter J4. The output terminal of the first logic unit IC1, the third terminal of the third detector, and the third terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal of the adder. The output terminal of the adder is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator A1. The inverting terminal of the first comparator A1 is connected to the first reference source VF1. The output terminal of the first comparator A1 is connected to the anode of the sixth diode D6 and the IO16 terminal of the first controller U1. The cathode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the input terminal of the first inverter J1.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the fourth inverter J4 can be a NOT gate, and the first logic IC1 can be an AND gate. The first battery pack is judged to be abnormal based on the signal output by the first controller U1. The circuit composition structure of the third and fourth detectors is the same as that of the fourth inverter J4 and the first logic IC1. The adder can be an adder circuit composed of an operational amplifier and resistors to add the input voltage. The first comparator A1 can be an LM358 comparator. The first reference source VF1 provides a quantity threshold.

[0064] Furthermore, the equalization interaction module 5 also includes a fifth power transistor Q5 and a sixth power transistor Q6;

[0065] Specifically, the source of the fifth power transistor Q5 is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor S1, the drain of the fifth power transistor Q5 is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6, the source of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer B1, and the gates of the fifth power transistor Q5 and the sixth power transistor Q6 are respectively connected to the IO11 and IO12 terminals of the first controller U1.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, both the fifth power transistor Q5 and the sixth power transistor Q6 can be N-channel MOSFETs to control the bidirectional transmission of electrical energy.

[0067] Furthermore, the second battery module 3 includes a lithium battery device; the equalization interaction module 5 also includes an equalization device.

[0068] Specifically, the first end of the lithium battery device is connected to the first end of the equalization device and the first end of the first thyristor S1, the second end of the lithium battery device is connected to the second end of the equalization device and the second end of the third battery pack, the third end of the lithium battery device is connected to the third end of the equalization device and the first end of the DC bus, the fourth end of the lithium battery device is connected to the fourth end of the equalization device, and the fifth end of the lithium battery device and the fifth end of the equalization device are respectively connected to the IO19 and IO20 ends of the first controller U1.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the circuit structure of the lithium battery device is the same as that of the battery pack unit 201, the switching unit 202, and the automatic control unit 203. The control method or approach of the microcontroller module 4 is the same as the method or approach of the microcontroller module 4 in controlling the battery pack unit 201, the switching unit 202, and the automatic control unit 203. Furthermore, the IO19 terminal of the first controller U1 is an overview of multiple IO ports, and the control is the same as that of the IO5 to IO6 terminals of the first controller U1. This lithium battery device, as a second battery module 3 connected in parallel with the first battery module 2, completes the parallel discharge of the lithium battery modules. The aforementioned equalization... The circuit structure of the device is the same as that of the first inductor L1, the first power transistor Q1, the first transformer B1, the second inductor L2, the second power transistor Q2, the third inductor L3, the third power transistor Q3, the fourth inductor L4, the fourth power transistor Q4, the fifth power transistor Q5, and the sixth power transistor Q6. It is used for equalization control of the lithium battery device and for power interaction control with the DC bus. The IO20 terminal of the first controller U1 is also a set of multiple IO ports, which is the same as the control of the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3, the fourth power transistor Q4, the fifth power transistor Q5, and the sixth power transistor Q6 by the first controller U1.

[0070] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 The power module 1 includes a fifth inductor L5, a seventh power transistor Q7, a power interface, and an eighth power transistor Q8.

[0071] Specifically, the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the source of the eighth power transistor Q8 and connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor S1 through the fifth inductor L5. The source of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the second terminal of the power interface and the reference ground. The drain of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the first terminal of the power interface. The gates of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the eighth power transistor Q8 are connected to the IO17 and IO18 terminals of the first controller U1, respectively.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, both the seventh power transistor Q7 and the eighth power transistor Q8 can be N-channel MOSFETs, which can control bidirectional voltage regulation.

[0073] The working principle of the intelligent management system for energy storage switches of lithium battery modules of the present invention is as follows: the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 sample the same circuit structure and perform parallel energy storage and discharge. Specifically, taking the first battery module 2 as an example, the first inverter J1, the second inverter J2 and the third inverter J3 respectively trigger the first thyristor S1, the second thyristor S2 and the third thyristor S3 to conduct, and the first battery group, the second battery group and the third battery group perform series energy storage. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 sample the voltage of the first battery group, and the first detector and the second detector sample the voltage of the second battery group and the third battery group respectively. The sampled signals are respectively sent to the IO13 and IO14 terminals of the first controller U1. When the power module 1 is not connected to DC power, the first controller U1 will control the highest voltage lithium battery pack among the first, second, and third battery packs to conduct, corresponding to the first power transistor Q1, second power transistor Q2, or third power transistor Q3. This allows the highest voltage lithium battery pack to release electrical energy, which is then transmitted through the first transformer B1 for isolation. Simultaneously, the first controller U1 controls the fifth power transistor Q5 to conduct, ensuring the transmitted energy is ultimately transmitted back to the multiple lithium battery packs (i.e., the first, second, and third battery packs connected in series). When the power module 1 is connected to DC power, the first controller U1 can control the conduction state of the eighth power transistor Q8 in conjunction with the first... The fifth inductor L5 and the seventh power transistor Q7 perform power transmission or voltage reduction regulation, thereby controlling the charging of the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3. At this time, the first controller U1 can control the sixth power transistor Q6 to conduct, so that the first transformer B1 isolates and transmits the power output from the power module 1. Simultaneously, the first controller U1 can control the power transistors corresponding to the lowest voltage lithium battery pack among the multiple lithium battery packs, namely the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, and the third power transistor Q3 corresponding to the lowest voltage lithium battery pack in the first, second, and third battery packs, so as to control the charging of the lowest voltage lithium battery pack. In addition, the first controller U1 can control the battery packs based on the voltage and current information of each lithium battery pack. The system can detect open circuits and severe aging, as well as moderate aging. This current information can be obtained through a current sampling resistor, which will not be elaborated upon here. When an open circuit or severe aging anomaly occurs in the first, second, or third battery pack, the first controller U1 will perform circuit breaking and bypass control on the abnormal lithium battery pack. For example, when the second battery pack is abnormal, the IO6 pin of the first controller U1 will control the fifth thyristor S5 to conduct, while the second thyristor S2 and the third thyristor S3 will be cut off. The second battery pack is then disconnected and bypassed by the fifth thyristor S5, thus isolating the faulty lithium battery pack and maintaining the operation of the normal lithium battery pack. Simultaneously, to ensure that the number of working lithium battery packs in the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3 is consistent...The first controller U1 will control a group of lithium battery packs in the lithium battery device to perform circuit breaking and bypass control. Prioritize the lithium battery pack that shows moderate aging. Since the bypassed lithium batteries in this device can be charged and discharged normally, the first controller U1 will control this lithium battery pack to collect power through the DC bus. Taking an abnormal lithium battery pack in the device, and the second battery pack showing moderate aging as an example, while the first controller U1 controls the second battery pack to bypass, the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1 will control the ninth thyristor S9. When the tenth thyristor S10 is turned on, the second battery pack collects power through the DC bus. During power balancing, the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1 can control the conduction of the fourth power transistor Q4, allowing the power collected by the DC bus to be transmitted through the first transformer B1. Simultaneously, the first controller U1 can also control the balancing device to receive the power collected by the DC bus, thereby controlling the charging of the lowest voltage lithium battery pack in each of the multiple lithium battery packs of the first battery module 2 and the second battery module 3. Because one lithium battery pack is disconnected, the parallel first battery module 2 and... If the voltage released by the second battery module 3 decreases, and an increase in output voltage is required, the first controller U1 can control the seventh power transistor Q7 to conduct, thereby performing a boost process. Furthermore, if the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a threshold, taking the first battery module 2 as an example, the first logic unit IC1 and the fourth inverter J4 can determine whether the first battery pack is abnormal based on the signal states output from the IO5 and IO8 terminals of the first controller U1. Specifically, if the IO5 terminal of the first controller U1 performs bypass control and the IO8 terminal does not perform power collection control, it indicates that the first battery pack is abnormal. Combined with the signals output from the third and fourth detectors, the signals are added by an adder. If the added signal is greater than the threshold, it indicates that the number of abnormal cells in the first battery module 2 exceeds the expected limit. The first transformer B1 will directly control the first thyristor S1 to turn off, thereby disconnecting the power supply to the first battery module 2. Power can be maintained by the second battery module 3, but the output current will decrease. Simultaneously, the first controller U1 can control the lithium battery packs in the first battery module 2 that are not abnormal to be collected through the DC bus to achieve balanced power supply to the second battery module 3.

[0074] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0075] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A smart management system for energy storage switches in lithium battery modules, characterized in that, The system includes: The power module is connected to a first battery module and a second battery module. It is used to receive DC power and supply power to the first and second battery modules. It also regulates the voltage of the power released in parallel by the first and second battery modules. The first battery module and the second battery module are both connected to the microcontroller module and the equalization interaction module. Each module contains multiple lithium battery packs, which are used to perform series energy storage and discharge of the multiple lithium battery packs under the control of the microcontroller module, to disconnect and bypass abnormal lithium battery packs, and to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery packs that are not abnormal to the equalization interaction module. The module also performs voltage detection on each lithium battery pack and stops series energy storage and discharge when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a certain threshold. The microcontroller module, connected to the power supply module and the equalization interaction module, controls the power supply module's access to DC power and voltage regulation. It receives voltage information from the first and second battery modules. When the power supply module is not connected to DC power, it controls the equalization interaction module to transfer the energy released from the highest-voltage lithium battery pack in each of the first and second battery modules to the other lithium battery packs. When DC power is connected, or when the equalization interaction module receives energy released from a bypassed lithium battery pack that is functioning normally, it controls the DC power supply or equalization interaction module to transfer the received energy to the respective lithium battery packs in both the first and second battery modules. The lowest voltage lithium battery pack is used to determine the abnormality and aging of each lithium battery pack based on voltage information. The first battery module and the second battery module are controlled to disconnect and bypass the abnormal lithium battery packs. By disconnecting and bypassing the working lithium battery packs, the number of working lithium battery packs in the first battery module and the second battery module are consistent. The electrical energy released by the working lithium battery packs that have been disconnected and bypassed is transferred to the equalization interaction module. When the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches the number threshold, the lithium battery packs in the first battery module or the second battery module that have not been abnormal are disconnected and bypassed, and the released electrical energy is transferred to the equalization interaction module. The equalization interaction module, connected to the first battery module and the second battery module, is used to collect the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities. Under the control of the microcontroller module, it performs voltage equalization control on the first battery module and the second battery module through energy transfer.

2. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery module includes a battery pack unit, a switching unit, and an automatic control unit; The battery pack unit is used to control multiple lithium battery packs to perform series energy storage and discharge. It is controlled by a microcontroller module and performs circuit breaking and bypass control on the lithium battery packs. It also performs voltage detection on each lithium battery pack. The switching unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to transfer the electrical energy released by the bypassed lithium battery pack that has not experienced any abnormalities to the equalization interaction module. The automatic control unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module and stop the series energy storage and discharge of the battery pack unit when the number of abnormal lithium battery packs reaches a certain threshold.

3. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery pack unit includes a first thyristor, a first battery pack, a second thyristor, a second battery pack, a third thyristor, a third battery pack, a first inverter, a second inverter, a third inverter, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a fourth thyristor, a fifth thyristor, and a sixth thyristor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller; The first terminal of the first thyristor is connected to one terminal of the fourth thyristor. The second terminal of the first thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack. The second terminal of the first battery pack is connected to one terminal of the second thyristor and one terminal of the fifth thyristor. The other terminal of the second thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack. The second terminal of the second battery pack is connected to one terminal of the third thyristor and one terminal of the sixth thyristor. The other terminal of the third thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack. The second terminal of the third battery pack is connected to the other terminal of the sixth thyristor and a reference ground. The control terminals of the first, second, and third thyristors are respectively connected to the output terminals of the first inverter. The output terminals of the second and third inverters are connected. The input terminal of the first inverter is connected to the cathode of the first diode. The anode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the second diode, the control terminal of the fourth thyristor, and the IO5 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and the input terminal of the second inverter. The anode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode, the control terminal of the fifth thyristor, and the IO6 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the input terminal of the third inverter and the cathode of the fifth diode. The anode of the fifth diode is connected to the control terminal of the sixth thyristor and the IO7 terminal of the first controller.

4. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery pack unit also includes a seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thyristor; the equalization interaction module includes a DC bus; One end of the seventh thyristor is connected to one end of the ninth thyristor, one end of the eleventh thyristor, and the first end of the DC bus. One end of the eighth thyristor is connected to one end of the tenth thyristor, the second end of the DC bus, and the reference ground. The other ends of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thyristors are respectively connected to the first end of the first battery pack, the second end of the first battery pack, the first end of the second battery pack, the second end of the second battery pack, and the first end of the third battery pack. The control terminal of the seventh thyristor is connected to the control terminal of the eighth thyristor and the IO8 terminal of the first controller. The control terminal of the ninth thyristor is connected to the control terminal of the tenth thyristor and the IO9 terminal of the first controller. The control terminal of the eleventh thyristor is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller.

5. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 4, characterized in that, The equalization interaction module further includes a first inductor, a first power transistor, a first transformer, a second inductor, a second power transistor, a third inductor, a third power transistor, a fourth inductor, and a fourth power transistor; The first terminal of the first primary side of the first transformer is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor through the first inductor. The second terminal of the first primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the first power transistor. The source of the first power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second battery pack. The first terminal of the second primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack through the second inductor. The second terminal of the second primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the second power transistor. The source of the second power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery pack. The first terminal of the third primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second terminal of the second battery pack through the third inductor. The second terminal of the third primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the third power transistor. The first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor and is connected to the source of the third power transistor, the second terminal of the third battery pack, and the second terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer through the fourth inductor. The drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the DC bus. The gates of the first power transistor, the second power transistor, the third power transistor, and the fourth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO1, IO2, IO3, and IO4 terminals of the first controller.

6. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery pack unit also includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first detector, and a second detector; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first battery pack, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the IO13 terminal of the first controller and connected to the second end of the first battery pack through the second resistor. The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second battery pack. The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the third battery pack. The output terminal of the first detector and the output terminal of the second detector are respectively connected to the IO14 terminal and the IO15 terminal of the first controller.

7. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The automatic control unit includes a fourth inverter, a first logic unit, a third detector, a fourth detector, an adder, a first comparator, a first reference source, and a sixth diode; The first input terminal of the first logic unit, the input terminal of the fourth inverter, the first terminal of the third detector, the second terminal of the third detector, the first terminal of the fourth detector, and the second terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the IO5, IO8, IO6, IO9, IO7, and IO10 terminals of the first controller. The second input terminal of the first logic unit is connected to the output terminal of the fourth inverter. The output terminal of the first logic unit, the third terminal of the third detector, and the third terminal of the fourth detector are respectively connected to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal of the adder. The output terminal of the adder is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator. The inverting terminal of the first comparator is connected to the first reference source. The output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the anode of the sixth diode and the IO16 terminal of the first controller. The cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the input terminal of the first inverter.

8. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 7, characterized in that, The equalization interaction module also includes a fifth power transistor and a sixth power transistor; The source of the fifth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor, the drain of the fifth power transistor is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor, the source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the secondary side of the first transformer, and the gates of the fifth power transistor and the sixth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO11 and IO12 terminals of the first controller.

9. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second battery module includes a lithium battery device; the equalization interaction module also includes an equalization device. The first end of the lithium battery device is connected to the first end of the equalization device and the first end of the first thyristor; the second end of the lithium battery device is connected to the second end of the equalization device and the second end of the third battery pack; the third end of the lithium battery device is connected to the third end of the equalization device and the first end of the DC bus; the fourth end of the lithium battery device is connected to the fourth end of the equalization device; and the fifth end of the lithium battery device and the fifth end of the equalization device are respectively connected to the IO19 and IO20 ends of the first controller.

10. The intelligent management system for lithium battery module energy storage switch according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power module includes a fifth inductor, a seventh power transistor, a power interface, and an eighth power transistor. The drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the source of the eighth power transistor and connected to the first terminal of the first thyristor through the fifth inductor. The source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the power interface and the reference ground. The drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the power interface. The gates of the seventh power transistor and the eighth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO17 and IO18 terminals of the first controller.

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