Multi-source adaptive power sourcing system and method for quantum current sensors

Abstract

The application relates to a multi-source adaptive power taking system and method of a quantum current sensor. The quantum current sensor is used to be installed on a measured line; the system comprises a power input module, a system controller and a power supply transformation unit; the power input module comprises a plurality of power paths, each of which is used for acquiring power from the measured line and outputting to a common energy bus; the system controller is used for acquiring real-time output states of the power paths, determining a main power path from the plurality of power paths according to the real-time output states, and generating a switching instruction according to the main power path; the power input module is used for connecting the main power path and disconnecting a current power path according to the switching instruction; and the power supply transformation unit is used for transforming power of the common energy bus and supplying the quantum current sensor. The method can improve power taking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of precision instrument technology, and in particular to a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system and method for a quantum current sensor. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of quantum precision measurement technology, quantum current sensors based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers have become an important direction in the field of high-precision current measurement due to their high measurement accuracy, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, and natural electrical isolation. These sensors require continuous driving of microwave sources and lasers, working in conjunction with photodetectors, analog-to-digital converters, and digital signal processors. Power consumption is typically in the hundreds of milliwatts to several watts range, and they are extremely sensitive to power supply ripple and noise. Since quantum current sensors are usually installed in high-potential, strong electromagnetic environments or remote locations far from the station, it is difficult to power them via mains leads; therefore, they must autonomously draw power from the circuit being measured.

[0003] To address this, some solutions attempt to combine laser power with other energy harvesting methods. However, existing solutions simply aggregate the energy from each source to power the load, failing to proactively select the optimal energy harvesting path based on the real-time status of each energy source. This results in less efficient energy sources continuing to be used even when unnecessary, making it difficult to optimize overall energy harvesting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system and method for quantum current sensors that can improve energy harvesting efficiency in response to the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The system is used to power the quantum current sensor, which is installed on the circuit under test. The system includes an energy input module, a system controller, and a power conversion unit.

[0006] The output of the power input module is connected to the common energy bus; the input of the power conversion unit is connected to the common energy bus, and the output of the power conversion unit is used to connect to the quantum current sensor; the system controller is connected to the power input module and the common energy bus.

[0007] The power input module includes multiple power paths, each of which is used to obtain power from the circuit under test and output it to the common power bus;

[0008] The system controller is used to obtain the real-time output status of each power path, determine the primary power path from multiple power paths based on the real-time output status, and generate switching commands based on the primary power path.

[0009] The power input module is used to connect to the main power path and disconnect the current power path according to the switching command;

[0010] The power conversion unit is used to convert electrical energy from the common power bus and supply it to the quantum current sensor.

[0011] Secondly, this application also provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for a quantum current sensor, including:

[0012] The real-time output status of each power path in the power input module is obtained; the power input module includes multiple power paths, of which at least one is a laser power supply path;

[0013] Based on the real-time output status, the primary power path is determined from multiple power paths; the laser power path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0014] A switching command is generated based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0015] The control power conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common power bus and supplies it to the quantum current sensor.

[0016] Thirdly, this application also provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device for a quantum current sensor, comprising:

[0017] The acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time output status of each power path in the power input module; the power input module includes multiple power paths, of which at least one is a laser power supply path;

[0018] The determination module is used to determine the primary power path from multiple power paths based on the real-time output status; the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0019] The generation module is used to generate switching commands based on the primary power path; the switching commands are used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0020] The control module is used to control the power conversion unit to convert the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supply it to the quantum current sensor.

[0021] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0022] The real-time output status of each power path in the power input module is obtained; the power input module includes multiple power paths, of which at least one is a laser power supply path;

[0023] Based on the real-time output status, the primary power path is determined from multiple power paths; the laser power path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0024] A switching command is generated based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0025] The control power conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common power bus and supplies it to the quantum current sensor.

[0026] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0027] The real-time output status of each power path in the power input module is obtained; the power input module includes multiple power paths, of which at least one is a laser power supply path;

[0028] Based on the real-time output status, the primary power path is determined from multiple power paths; the laser power path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0029] A switching command is generated based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0030] The control power conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common power bus and supplies it to the quantum current sensor.

[0031] Sixthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0032] The real-time output status of each power path in the power input module is obtained; the power input module includes multiple power paths, of which at least one is a laser power supply path;

[0033] Based on the real-time output status, the primary power path is determined from multiple power paths; the laser power path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0034] A switching command is generated based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0035] The control power conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common power bus and supplies it to the quantum current sensor.

[0036] The aforementioned multi-source adaptive power harvesting system and method for quantum current sensors involves a system controller acquiring the real-time output status of each path and determining the primary power path accordingly. The power input module connects to the primary power path and disconnects the current power path based on switching commands. Through the parallel configuration of multiple power paths, power can be switched to other paths even when any single path becomes unavailable. By monitoring the real-time status of each path and actively deciding on the primary path, the system controller can promptly switch to the optimal available path when the performance of the current primary path deteriorates or fails. The "connect first, disconnect later" switching sequence, combined with the energy buffering effect of the common energy bus, avoids bus voltage drops and momentary power outages during the switching process. Therefore, the system can actively select the optimal power harvesting path and achieve smooth switching when the operating conditions of the tested line change or a path fails, providing a continuous and stable power supply for the quantum current sensor. This solves the technical problem in existing technologies where the inability to actively select the optimal path in multi-source power harvesting schemes leads to difficulties in optimizing overall energy harvesting efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor in another embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor in yet another embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a current transformer energy harvesting unit in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a current transformer energy harvesting unit in another embodiment;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a laser power supply unit in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 8This is the second schematic diagram of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor in yet another embodiment.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another system architecture for a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system of a quantum current sensor in one embodiment.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for a quantum current sensor in one embodiment.

[0048] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the adaptive adjustment logic for tap switching and energy discharge of the current transformer energy harvesting unit;

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a multi-source rectifier-combiner unit;

[0050] Figure 13 This is a functional structure diagram of the system controller;

[0051] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the connection-before-disconnection control sequence for seamless energy switching;

[0052] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating the criteria for real-time identification of line operating conditions;

[0053] Figure 16 Voltage and power timing comparison curves for seamless path switching in a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system;

[0054] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the operating state flow of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor;

[0055] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of a two-stage hierarchical low-noise power supply architecture for the power conversion unit;

[0056] Figure 19 This is a structural block diagram of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device for a quantum current sensor in one embodiment.

[0057] Figure 20 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment;

[0058] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0059] 01: Power input module; 02: System controller; 03: Power conversion unit;

[0060] 04: Common energy bus; 05: Quantum current sensor; 06: Energy storage buffer unit;

[0061] 07: Circuit under test; 011: Energy harvesting component; 012: Multi-source rectifier unit;

[0062] 0111: DC differential voltage power harvesting unit; 0112: Current inductance power harvesting unit; 0113: Laser power supply unit;

[0063] U1: Input protection circuit; U2: Isolation transformer; U3: Secondary rectifier and filter circuit;

[0064] L: Multi-tap current transformer; T: Tap switching array; 01121: Secondary rectifier bridge;

[0065] 01122: Energy discharge and limiting circuit; C1: Energy storage pre-charge capacitor; 01123: Output conditioning circuit;

[0066] 01131: Laser; 01132: Power transmission fiber; 01133: Optical power converter;

[0067] 01134: Boost conditioning circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0069] With the development of quantum precision measurement technology, quantum current sensors based on diamond NV centers have become an important direction in the field of high-precision current measurement due to their high measurement accuracy, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, and natural electrical isolation. This sensor requires a continuously driving microwave source to generate a microwave field of a specific frequency to manipulate the spin state of the NV center, a laser to continuously pump the NV center to an excited state, a photodetector and a low-noise preamplifier to collect fluorescence signals, and the coordinated operation of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter, a digital signal processor, a temperature closed-loop control unit, and a communication module. The overall power consumption is typically in the range of hundreds of milliwatts to several watts, and it is extremely sensitive to power supply ripple, noise, and stability—power supply ripple can directly modulate the microwave frequency or laser intensity, thus introducing errors into the sensor output.

[0070] Since quantum current sensors are usually installed in high-potential, strong electromagnetic environments or remote locations far from the station, it is difficult to power them through mains leads or long-distance cables. Therefore, autonomous power extraction from the tested line and its operating environment is the most feasible power supply solution.

[0071] Laser fiber optic power supply is a method of energy extraction that transmits light energy from a ground-based laser to the sensor side via optical fiber, where it is then converted into electrical energy by photoelectric conversion devices. Due to its inherent electrical isolation characteristics, it is suitable for applications requiring high isolation, such as quantum current sensors. However, the end-to-end efficiency of laser power supply is typically less than 30%. If it is required to meet the full power consumption of a quantum current sensor with a margin, the power level of the laser and the system cost are unacceptable.

[0072] To address this, some solutions attempt to combine laser power supply with other energy harvesting methods (such as multi-tap current transformers and DC differential voltage harvesting). However, existing solutions simply aggregate the energy from each source to power the load, failing to proactively select the optimal energy path based on the real-time status of each source. This results in less efficient energy sources continuing to be used unnecessarily, making it difficult to optimize overall energy harvesting efficiency. Furthermore, existing solutions lack a seamless switching mechanism during energy source transitions. Voltage drops during switching can lead to the loss of coherent information about the NV color center spin state, requiring re-initialization and calibration, causing measurement interruptions. Additionally, the ripple and noise suppression capabilities of existing power supply solutions are insufficient to meet the clean power supply requirements of quantum current sensors.

[0073] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system is used to power the quantum current sensor 05, which is installed on the circuit under test. The system includes a power input module 01, a system controller 02, and a power conversion unit 03. The output of the power input module 01 is connected to a common energy bus 04. The input of the power conversion unit 03 is connected to the common energy bus 04, and the output of the power conversion unit 03 is used to connect to the quantum current sensor 05. The system controller 02 is connected to the power input module 01 and the common energy bus 04. The power input module 01 includes multiple power paths, each of which is used to obtain power from the circuit under test 07 and output it to the common energy bus 04. The system controller 02 is used to obtain the real-time output status of each power path, determine the main power path from the multiple power paths according to the real-time output status, and generate a switching command according to the main power path. The power input module 01 is used to connect to the main power path and disconnect the current power path according to the switching command. The power conversion unit 03 is used to convert the power from the common energy bus 04 and supply it to the quantum current sensor 05.

[0074] Among them, the quantum current sensor 05 is a quantum current sensor based on diamond NV color centers, which is used to be installed on the circuit under test 07 to measure the circuit current.

[0075] The power input module 01 is the energy acquisition front end of the system, including multiple power paths, each obtaining power from different energy sources of the circuit under test. At least one of the power paths is a laser power supply path. The output of each power path is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier-combiner unit, and after combination, output to the common energy bus 04.

[0076] The common energy bus 04 is the energy collection and distribution node of the system. It connects the output of the power input module 01, the energy storage buffer unit 06, and the input of the power conversion unit 03. It is used to collect the power obtained from each power path and supply it to the downstream load.

[0077] System controller 02 is the core of the system's decision-making and control. It is connected to the power input module 01 and the common energy bus 04, and has the following functions:

[0078] (1) Status acquisition: Acquire the real-time output status of each power path, including the output voltage, output current and available power of each path;

[0079] (2) Path decision: Based on the real-time output status of each power path, determine the primary power path from multiple power paths and use the remaining paths as backups;

[0080] (3) Instruction generation: Generate switching instructions based on the decision results of the main power path, and control the power input module 01 to perform path switching;

[0081] (4) Switching control: When switching, the power input module 01 is connected to the main power path first, and then disconnected from the current power path after it is stably output to avoid the bus voltage drop.

[0082] The power conversion unit 03 is the power conversion output stage of the system. Its input end is connected to the common energy bus 04, and its output end is connected to each functional module of the quantum current sensor 05. It is used to convert the power of the common energy bus 04 into a multi-channel regulated, low-ripple, and low-noise operating power supply required by each functional module of the quantum current sensor 05.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the power input module provides multiple power paths. The system controller acquires the real-time output status of each path and determines the primary power path accordingly. The power input module connects to the primary power path and disconnects the current power path according to the switching command. Through the parallel configuration of multiple power paths, power can be switched to other paths to continue supplying power even if any single path is unavailable. By monitoring the real-time status of each path and actively deciding on the primary path, the system controller can switch to the optimal available path in a timely manner when the performance of the current primary path deteriorates or fails. Through the "connect first, disconnect later" switching sequence, combined with the energy buffering effect of the common energy bus, bus voltage drops and instantaneous power outages are avoided during the switching process. Thus, the system can actively select the optimal energy harvesting path and achieve smooth switching when the operating conditions of the tested line change or a certain path fails, providing a continuous and stable operating power supply for the quantum current sensor. This solves the technical problem in the prior art where the overall energy harvesting efficiency is difficult to optimize due to the inability of multi-source energy harvesting schemes to actively select the optimal path.

[0084] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the power input module 01 includes a power harvesting component 011 and a multi-source rectifier unit 012. The multi-source rectifier unit 012 is connected between the power harvesting component 011 and the common power bus 04. The power harvesting component 011 is used to obtain power from the circuit under test 07. The multi-source rectifier unit 012 is used to collect the power obtained by the power harvesting component 011 to the common power bus 04.

[0085] The energy harvesting component 011 is the front-end energy capture component of the system, comprising various types of energy harvesting units, each harvesting electrical energy from different energy forms of the circuit under test. Among the various types of energy harvesting units is at least a laser power supply unit 0113. The output of each energy harvesting unit is connected to a corresponding busbar branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012.

[0086] The multi-source rectifier unit 012 is the system's energy collection component, connected between the energy harvesting component 011 and the common energy bus 04. It includes multiple bus branches, each connected to a corresponding energy harvesting unit. Each bus branch rectifies and prevents backflow of the electrical energy output from the corresponding energy harvesting unit before outputting it to the common energy bus 04, thus preventing energy backflow between different energy harvesting units.

[0087] In the above embodiments, the energy harvesting component obtains electrical energy from the circuit under test, and the multi-source rectifier unit aggregates the electrical energy harvested by the energy harvesting component to a common energy bus. Through the cooperation of the energy harvesting component and the multi-source rectifier unit, the electrical energy obtained from multiple power paths is aggregated to the common energy bus to supply the downstream load in a unified manner, avoiding energy conflicts and backflow between different energy harvesting paths, and providing a basis for the parallel access and coordinated power supply of multiple power paths.

[0088] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the energy harvesting component 011 includes a DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111, a current inductor harvesting unit 0112, and a laser power supply unit 0113. The output terminals of the DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111, the current inductor harvesting unit 0112, and the laser power supply unit 0113 are respectively connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111 is used to obtain electrical energy from the voltage of the circuit under test. The current inductor harvesting unit 0112 is used to obtain electrical energy from the alternating magnetic field of the circuit under test. The laser power supply unit 0113 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy.

[0089] The DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111 is an energy harvesting unit that utilizes the voltage difference of the tested line to obtain electrical energy. Its input terminal is connected to the energy harvesting voltage divider node of the tested line, and its output terminal is connected to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111 is suitable for DC or AC / DC mixed operating conditions, obtaining electrical energy from the voltage of the tested line to provide a stable energy input for the system.

[0090] The current inductor energy harvesting unit 0112 is an energy harvesting unit that utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to obtain electrical energy. Its output terminal is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The current inductor energy harvesting unit 0112 is suitable for AC operating conditions, inducing electrical energy from the alternating magnetic field of the circuit under test to provide the system with a wide dynamic range of energy input.

[0091] The laser power supply unit 0113 is an energy harvesting unit that uses laser power to obtain electrical energy. Its output is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The laser power supply unit 0113 is suitable for backup power supply scenarios when other energy harvesting methods are unavailable. It obtains electrical energy from light energy conversion and provides electrically isolated backup energy input for the system.

[0092] In the above embodiments, the DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit, the current inductance energy harvesting unit, and the laser power supply unit respectively obtain electrical energy from three different energy sources—voltage, alternating magnetic field, and light energy—of the tested line, and output them to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit. By configuring these three complementary heterogeneous energy harvesting methods in parallel, the system ensures that at least one energy harvesting unit is available under all typical operating conditions, including pure DC, pure AC, AC / DC hybrid, low current, high current, and even line power outages, thus solving the technical problem that a single energy harvesting method cannot cover all operating conditions.

[0093] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 4As shown, the current transformer energy harvesting unit 0112 includes a tap switching array T and a multi-tap current transformer L mounted on the circuit under test 07; the multi-tap current transformer L has multiple taps with different turns ratios, and each tap is connected to the corresponding input terminal of the tap switching array T; the output terminal of the tap switching array T is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012, and the tap switching array T is used to switch the turns ratio of the taps engaged according to the current magnitude of the circuit under test 07.

[0094] The multi-tap current transformer L is an inductive energy harvesting device mounted on the circuit under test 07. Its magnetic core is wound with multiple taps of different turns ratios. Different turns ratios correspond to different transformation ratios and output characteristics: a higher turns ratio results in a higher induced voltage under small currents and a stronger energy harvesting capability; a lower turns ratio results in a lower induced voltage under large currents and is less prone to saturation. Each tap is connected to the corresponding input terminal of the tap switching array T.

[0095] The tap switching array T is the turns ratio switching actuator of the current transformer energy harvesting unit 0112. Each input terminal of the array is connected to a corresponding tap of the multi-tap current transformer L, and the output terminal is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The tap switching array T switches between taps according to the current magnitude of the circuit under test 07 to change the effective turns ratio of the multi-tap current transformer L.

[0096] In the above embodiments, the tap switching array switches the turned ratio of the taps according to the current of the line under test. When the line current is small, it switches to a high turned ratio tap to increase the induced power and ensure that sufficient energy can still be obtained under small current; when the line current is large, it switches to a low turned ratio tap to avoid core saturation and overvoltage. Therefore, the current transformer energy harvesting unit can maintain relatively stable energy harvesting capability over a wide current dynamic range, solving the technical problem that a single fixed turned ratio CT cannot simultaneously achieve both low current energy harvesting capability and high current overload protection.

[0097] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the current transformer energy harvesting unit 0112 also includes a secondary rectifier bridge 01121 and an energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122 (it should be noted that...). Figure 5The segmented energy discharge and limiting circuit in the embodiment of this application is the energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122, the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1, and the output conditioning circuit 01123. The output terminal of the tap switching array T is connected to the input terminal of the secondary rectifier bridge 01121. The positive and negative output terminals of the secondary rectifier bridge 01121 are respectively connected to the two ends of the energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122, and the two ends of the energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122 are also respectively connected to the energy storage pre-charge capacitor. The two ends of capacitor C1 are connected to the two input terminals of output conditioning circuit 01123 respectively. The output terminal of output conditioning circuit 01123 is connected to the corresponding bus branch in multi-source rectifier unit 012. Energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122 is used to conduct when the voltage of energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 exceeds a preset threshold to discharge excess energy. Output conditioning circuit 01123 is used to regulate and condition the electrical energy of energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 before outputting it.

[0098] Among them, the secondary-side rectifier bridge 01121 is a full-bridge rectifier circuit. Its input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the tapped switching array T, and its output terminal is connected to the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 and the energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122. The secondary-side rectifier bridge 01121 is used to convert the AC power output from the secondary side of the multi-tap current transformer L into DC power, providing unidirectional current input for the subsequent energy storage circuit.

[0099] The energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 is an energy storage element connected to the output terminal of the secondary rectifier bridge 01121. It is used to filter and store the DC power output by the secondary rectifier bridge 01121, smooth the fluctuation of the energy harvesting power, and provide a stable power input for the output conditioning circuit 01123.

[0100] The energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122 is a protection circuit connected in parallel across the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1, consisting of a discharge resistor and a switching device connected in series. When the voltage of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 exceeds a preset threshold, the energy discharge and limiting circuit 01122 is activated, discharging the excess energy through the discharge resistor to prevent overvoltage damage to the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1.

[0101] The output conditioning circuit 01123 is an energy conversion circuit connected to the output terminal of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1. It is used to regulate and condition the energy of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor C1 and output it to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012 to provide a stable voltage for the subsequent circuit.

[0102] In the above embodiment, the AC power output from the tap-switch array is rectified by the secondary-side rectifier bridge and then input to the energy storage pre-charge capacitor. The electrical energy at both ends of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor is processed by the energy discharge and limiting circuit and the output conditioning circuit, respectively. When the voltage of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor is too high, the energy discharge and limiting circuit is activated to discharge excess energy. The output conditioning circuit regulates and conditions the electrical energy of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor before outputting it to the multi-source rectifier unit. The AC is converted to DC by the secondary-side rectifier bridge, the power fluctuations are smoothed by the energy storage pre-charge capacitor, overvoltage is prevented by the energy discharge and limiting circuit, and a stable output is provided by the output conditioning circuit, enabling the current inductor energy harvesting unit to output stable and reliable electrical energy under different current conditions.

[0103] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the laser power supply unit 0113 includes a laser 01131, a power transmission fiber 01132, a photoelectric power converter 01133, and a boost conditioning circuit 01134. The laser 01131 is located on the ground side, and the photoelectric power converter 01133 is located on the side of the line under test. One end of the power transmission fiber 01132 is connected to the optical output end of the laser 01131, and the other end is connected to the optical input end of the photoelectric power converter 01133. The electrical output end of the photoelectric power converter 01133 is connected to the boost conditioning circuit 01134. The input terminal of the boost conditioning circuit 01134 is connected to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012; the laser 01131 is used to convert electrical energy into laser and output it to the power transmission fiber 01132; the photoelectric power converter 01133 is used to convert the laser transmitted by the power transmission fiber 01132 into electrical energy and output it to the boost conditioning circuit 01134; the boost conditioning circuit 01134 is used to boost the electrical energy output by the photoelectric power converter 01133 to the voltage level of the common energy bus 04 before outputting it.

[0104] Laser 01131 is an electro-optical conversion device located on the ground side (low potential side). Its input end is connected to an external power supply, and its optical output end is connected to one end of power transmission fiber 01132. Laser 01131 is used to convert input electrical energy into laser light of a specific wavelength and transmit it to the load on the high-voltage side through power transmission fiber 01132.

[0105] The power transmission fiber 01132 is an optical transmission medium connecting the ground side and the high-voltage side. One end of it is connected to the optical output end of the laser 01131, and the other end is connected to the optical input end of the photoelectric power converter 01133. It is used to transmit the laser energy output by the laser 01131 from the ground side to the line under test 07 side to achieve electrical isolation between high and low potentials.

[0106] The photoelectric power converter 01133 is a device installed on the side of the circuit under test (high potential side). Its optical input terminal is connected to the other end of the power transmission fiber 01132, and its electrical output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the boost conditioning circuit 01134. The photoelectric power converter 01133 is used to convert the laser transmitted by the power transmission fiber 01132 into electrical energy, realizing the reverse conversion of optical energy to electrical energy.

[0107] The boost conditioning circuit 01134 is a DC-DC converter circuit located on the output side of the photoelectric power converter 01133. Its input terminal is connected to the electrical output terminal of the photoelectric power converter 01133, and its output terminal is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The boost conditioning circuit 01134 is used to boost the lower voltage output by the photoelectric power converter 01133 to the voltage level of the common energy bus 04, so that the output voltage of the laser power supply unit 0113 matches the voltage level of the common energy bus 04.

[0108] In the above embodiment, the laser converts electrical energy into laser light, which is then transmitted via an optical fiber to a photoelectric power converter on the high-voltage side. The photoelectric power converter converts the received laser light back into electrical energy and outputs it to a boost conditioning circuit. The boost conditioning circuit then boosts the voltage to the level of the common energy bus before outputting it to the multi-source rectifier unit. Through the cooperation of the laser, the optical fiber, and the photoelectric power converter, electrical isolation between the ground side and the high-voltage side is achieved. The boost conditioning circuit boosts the lower electrical voltage at the output of the photoelectric power converter to the voltage level of the common energy bus, ensuring that the output of the laser power supply unit matches the input requirements of the multi-source rectifier unit, thus guaranteeing that the laser power supply unit can be properly connected and work collaboratively in the multi-source system.

[0109] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111 includes an input protection circuit U1, an isolation transformer U2, and a secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3. The input terminal of the input protection circuit U1 is connected to the voltage divider node of the tested line 07, and the output terminal of the input protection circuit U1 is connected to the primary side of the isolation transformer U2. The secondary side of the isolation transformer U2 is connected to the input terminal of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3, and the output terminal of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3 is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The input protection circuit U1 is used to perform surge clamping and current limiting protection on the voltage from the tested line 07. The isolation transformer U2 is used to isolate and transform the voltage processed by the input protection circuit U1, and output the isolated and transformed voltage to the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3. The secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3 is used to rectify and filter the voltage output by the isolation transformer U2 before outputting it.

[0110] The input protection circuit U1 is the input protection circuit for the DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111. Its input terminal is connected to the voltage divider node of the tested line 07, and its output terminal is connected to the primary side of the isolation transformer U2. The input protection circuit U1 is used to provide surge clamping and current limiting protection for the voltage from the tested line 07, suppress lightning surges and operational overvoltages, limit the input current, and protect the downstream circuits from transient high voltage and overcurrent impacts.

[0111] The isolation transformer U2 is the core component for isolation and voltage conversion in the DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit 0111. Its primary side is connected to the output of the input protection circuit U1, and its secondary side is connected to the input of the secondary rectifier and filter circuit U3. The isolation transformer U2 is used to isolate and convert the voltage processed by the input protection circuit U1, transferring energy from the primary side to the secondary side through electromagnetic coupling to achieve electrical isolation between high and low voltages. It also steps down the high-voltage DC to low-voltage, high-frequency AC after high-frequency chopping.

[0112] The secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3 is the output circuit of the DC differential voltage harvesting unit 0111. Its input is connected to the secondary side of the isolation transformer U2, and its output is connected to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit 012. The secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit U3 is used to rectify and filter the low-voltage, high-frequency AC voltage output from the isolation transformer U2, converting it into a smooth DC voltage for output.

[0113] In the above embodiments, the input protection circuit provides surge clamping and current limiting protection for the voltage from the tested line. The isolation transformer isolates and transforms the protected voltage, and the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit rectifies and filters the voltage output from the isolation transformer before outputting it to the multi-source rectifier unit. The isolation transformer achieves electrical isolation between high and low voltage, preventing the high voltage of the tested line from directly entering the subsequent circuits, thus ensuring the system's safety and reliability. The input protection circuit protects the input voltage, improving the DC differential voltage harvesting unit's withstand capability under transient conditions such as lightning strikes and operational overvoltages. The secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit converts the high-frequency AC voltage into smooth DC, providing a stable power input for the subsequent circuits.

[0114] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the system also includes an energy storage buffer unit 06; the energy storage buffer unit 06 is connected to the common energy bus 04 and is used to maintain the voltage of the common energy bus 04 during power path switching.

[0115] The energy storage buffer unit 06 is an energy buffer component of the system, connected between the two ends of the common energy bus 04. It is used to release electrical energy to the common energy bus 04 during power path switching to maintain the voltage stability of the common energy bus 04. The energy storage buffer unit 06 stores electrical energy during normal system operation and releases electrical energy during power path switching transients to compensate for the instantaneous power gap caused by the switching and prevent the voltage of the common energy bus 04 from dropping.

[0116] In the above embodiments, the energy storage buffer unit is connected between the two ends of the common energy bus. When the power input module switches power paths, the instantaneous power fluctuations that may occur during the switching process can cause a drop in the voltage of the common energy bus. During the switching transient, the energy storage buffer unit discharges to the common energy bus to replenish the instantaneous power gap, ensuring that the voltage of the common energy bus remains stable throughout the switching process. Through the energy buffer unit's energy buffering and release, there will be no bus voltage drop or instantaneous power outage during the power path switching process. The microwave source and laser of the quantum current sensor continue to operate during the switching period, and the coherent information of the NV color center spin state is not lost.

[0117] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The energy storage buffer unit includes a supercapacitor and an energy storage battery. The supercapacitor is connected between the positive and negative terminals of a common energy bus. The energy storage battery is connected between the positive and negative terminals of the common energy bus. The supercapacitor is used to discharge to the common energy bus during power path switching. The energy storage battery is used to discharge to the common energy bus when all power paths are unavailable.

[0118] Among them, supercapacitors are power-type energy storage devices connected between the two ends of the common energy bus to rapidly release electrical energy into the common energy bus during power path switching. Supercapacitors are characterized by high power density, fast response speed, and long cycle life. They can respond to power gaps within milliseconds, provide transient power support, compensate for the instantaneous power deficiency during switching transients, and maintain the voltage stability of the common energy bus.

[0119] The energy storage battery is an energy storage device connected between the two ends of a common energy bus to continuously release electrical energy to the common energy bus when all power paths are unavailable. The energy storage battery features high energy density, enabling it to provide minutes to hours of power supply even when all power sources fail, thus maintaining the basic power consumption of the quantum current sensor during short-term all-source failures.

[0120] This application provides a multi-source adaptive power harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The power conversion unit includes a switching pre-regulator circuit and a low-dropout linear regulator. The input of the switching pre-regulator circuit is connected to a common power bus, and the output of the switching pre-regulator circuit is connected to the input of the low-dropout linear regulator. The output of the low-dropout linear regulator is used to connect to the quantum current sensor. The switching pre-regulator circuit is used to convert the voltage of the common power bus into an intermediate voltage. The low-dropout linear regulator is used to regulate and suppress the ripple of the intermediate voltage before outputting it to the quantum current sensor.

[0121] The switching pre-regulator circuit is the front-end converter circuit of the power conversion unit. Its input is connected to the common power bus, and its output is connected to the input of the low-dropout linear regulator. The switching pre-regulator circuit adopts a high-efficiency switching converter topology to convert the voltage of the common power bus to an intermediate voltage slightly higher than the target voltage, undertaking the main power conversion task and ensuring overall conversion efficiency.

[0122] The low-dropout linear regulator (LDL-L) is a fine-tuning circuit following the power conversion unit. Its input is connected to the output of the switching pre-regulator circuit, and its output is used to connect to a quantum current sensor. The LDL-L features high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and low noise characteristics. It is used to finely regulate the intermediate voltage output from the switching pre-regulator circuit and suppress high-frequency ripple, resulting in a clean power supply with low ripple and low noise.

[0123] In the above embodiments, the switching pre-regulator circuit converts the voltage of the common power bus into an intermediate voltage, and the low-dropout linear regulator stabilizes and suppresses the intermediate voltage before outputting it to the quantum current sensor. Through this two-stage architecture of switching pre-regulator and low-dropout linear regulator, the switching pre-regulator circuit undertakes the main power conversion to ensure efficiency, while the low-dropout linear regulator further attenuates the switching ripple and noise introduced by the switching converter, suppressing the output ripple to the microvolt level. This meets the stringent requirements of the quantum current sensor for power supply ripple, noise, and voltage stability, preventing power supply ripple from modulating microwave frequencies or laser intensity, and ensuring that the measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum current sensor are not degraded due to power supply quality.

[0124] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The system controller is also used to identify the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status of each power path; and to determine the priority of each power path based on the current line operating condition and the real-time output status of each power path.

[0125] The current line operating condition refers to the current operating state category of the tested line, including at least one of the following: pure DC steady-state operating condition, pure AC steady-state operating condition, AC / DC mixed operating condition, low-current light-load operating condition, high-current heavy-load operating condition, fault impact operating condition, and line power outage operating condition. The system controller identifies the current line operating condition by comprehensively judging the real-time output status of each power path.

[0126] The priority of each power path refers to the result of the system controller sorting the power paths according to the current line operating conditions and the real-time output status of each power path. The power path with the highest priority is determined as the primary power path, and the other power paths are designated as backup paths.

[0127] In the above embodiments, the system controller identifies the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status of each power path, and then determines the priority of each power path based on the current line operating condition and the real-time output status of each power path. For example, when the identification result is a pure AC high-current operating condition, the current transformer power harvesting unit has sufficient output power and the highest efficiency, so its priority is set to the highest; when the identification result is a pure DC operating condition, the CT power harvesting unit cannot work, so the priority of the DC voltage difference power harvesting unit is set to the highest; when the identification result is a line power outage operating condition, all other power harvesting units are unavailable, so the priority of the laser power supply unit is set to the highest. Through operating condition identification and priority determination, the system can sense changes in line operating conditions in real time and dynamically adjust the power harvesting strategy to ensure that the optimal power path can be selected as the primary path under different operating conditions, thereby optimizing the overall power harvesting efficiency.

[0128] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The input protection circuit includes a varistor, a transient voltage suppression diode, and an input current limiting resistor. The varistor and the transient voltage suppression diode are respectively connected between the energy harvesting voltage divider node and the reference ground to clamp the surge voltage from the line under test. The input current limiting resistor is connected between the energy harvesting voltage divider node and the primary side of the isolation transformer to limit the input current.

[0129] The varistor is a voltage-sensitive nonlinear resistive element connected between the energy extraction voltage divider node and the reference ground to clamp surge voltages from the tested line. When the voltage at the energy extraction voltage divider node is lower than the varistor's conduction threshold, the varistor is in a high-resistance state and hardly conducts; when the voltage at the energy extraction voltage divider node exceeds the varistor's conduction threshold, the varistor's resistance rapidly decreases, clamping the voltage within a safe range and absorbing surge energy.

[0130] Transient voltage suppressor diodes are transient overvoltage suppression devices connected between the energy tapping voltage divider node and the reference ground. They are used in conjunction with varistors to quickly clamp surge voltages from the circuit under test, absorb transient spike energy, and protect downstream circuits from high voltage surges.

[0131] The input current-limiting resistor is connected in series between the energy-dividing voltage divider node and the primary side of the isolation transformer to limit the input current. When the input voltage fluctuates or surges, the input current-limiting resistor limits the current to prevent overcurrent damage to subsequent circuits.

[0132] In the above embodiments, the varistor and transient voltage suppression diode are connected between the energy harvesting voltage divider node and the reference ground, respectively, clamping the surge voltage at the energy harvesting voltage divider node within a safe range and absorbing surge energy; the input current limiting resistor is connected between the energy harvesting voltage divider node and the primary side of the isolation transformer to limit the input current. Through the clamping effect of the varistor and transient voltage suppression diode, and the current limiting effect of the input current limiting resistor, the input protection circuit can suppress lightning surges and operational overvoltages, protect the downstream circuit from transient high voltage and overcurrent impacts, and improve the reliability and withstand capability of the DC differential voltage harvesting unit under transient conditions.

[0133] This application provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The DC differential voltage harvesting unit further includes a primary-side switch, a pulse width modulation controller, and a clamping circuit. The first primary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the output of the input protection circuit, and the primary-side switch is connected between the second primary side of the isolation transformer and the reference ground. One end of the clamping circuit is connected to the first primary side of the isolation transformer, and the other end of the clamping circuit is connected to the connection node between the primary-side switch and the second primary side of the isolation transformer. The first and second secondary sides of the isolation transformer are respectively connected to the two inputs of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit. The control terminal of the pulse width modulation controller is connected to the control terminal of the primary-side switch, and the sampling terminal of the pulse width modulation controller is connected to the output of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit. The primary-side switch is used to turn on or off the connection between the second primary side of the isolation transformer and the reference ground. The pulse width modulation controller is used to adjust the duty cycle of the control signal of the primary-side switch according to the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit to keep the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit stable. The clamping circuit is used to absorb the leakage inductance spike voltage of the primary side of the isolation transformer.

[0134] The primary-side switch is a power switch (such as a MOSFET) connected between the second terminal of the primary side of the isolation transformer and the reference ground. Its control terminal is connected to the control terminal of the pulse width modulation controller. The primary-side switch is used to periodically turn on and off under the control of the pulse width modulation controller, so as to generate a high-frequency alternating current on the primary side of the isolation transformer, thereby realizing the conversion from DC to high-frequency AC.

[0135] The pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is the core control unit of the DC differential voltage harvesting unit. Its control terminal is connected to the control terminal of the primary-side switch, and its sampling terminal is connected to the output terminal of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit. The PWM controller adjusts the duty cycle of the primary-side switch control signal according to the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit: it decreases the duty cycle when the secondary-side output voltage is too high and increases the duty cycle when the secondary-side output voltage is too low, thereby maintaining the stability of the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit.

[0136] The clamping circuit is a protective circuit connected to both ends of the primary side of the isolation transformer. One end is connected to the first terminal of the primary side of the isolation transformer, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the primary side of the isolation transformer. The clamping circuit is used to absorb the voltage spikes generated by the leakage inductance of the primary side of the isolation transformer, preventing the switching transistor from being damaged by excessive leakage inductance voltage spikes when the primary side switch is turned off, and limiting the leakage-source voltage of the primary side switch within a safe range.

[0137] In the above embodiments, the pulse width modulation controller controls the duty cycle of the primary-side switch based on the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit, thereby stabilizing the output voltage of the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit. Under the control of the pulse width modulation controller, the primary-side switch periodically turns on and off, converting the high-voltage DC processed by the input protection circuit into high-frequency AC. The isolation transformer isolates and steps down the high-frequency AC from the primary side before outputting it to the secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit. The clamping circuit absorbs the leakage inductance spike voltage from the primary side of the isolation transformer, protecting the primary-side switch from voltage spike breakdown. Through the cooperation of the primary-side switch, the pulse width modulation controller, and the clamping circuit, the DC differential voltage harvesting unit can maintain a stable output voltage even under large fluctuations in the input voltage, while ensuring the safe operation of the primary-side switch when it is off.

[0138] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another system architecture for a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor in one embodiment. Figure 9 The system includes an energy management and arbitration controller (i.e., the system controller in this application), a DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit (i.e., the DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit in this application), an ultra-wide range CT energy harvesting unit (i.e., the current transformer energy harvesting unit in this application), a laser fiber optic power supply unit (i.e., the laser power supply unit in this application), a multi-source rectifier and combiner unit (i.e., the multi-source rectifier unit in this application), a common energy bus, an energy storage buffer unit (i.e., the energy storage buffer unit in this application, including supercapacitors and energy storage batteries), and a clean power supply conversion unit (i.e., the power supply conversion unit in this application).

[0139] The outputs of the DC differential voltage power harvesting unit, the ultra-wide range CT power harvesting unit, and the laser fiber optic power supply unit are connected to the three inputs of the multi-source rectifier-combiner unit, respectively. The output of the multi-source rectifier-combiner unit is connected to the common power bus. The energy storage buffer unit is connected in parallel between the two ends of the common power bus. The input of the clean power supply conversion unit is connected to the common power bus, and the output of the clean power supply conversion unit is connected to the quantum current sensor load module.

[0140] The energy management and arbitration controller is connected to the DC differential voltage harvesting unit, the ultra-wide range CT energy harvesting unit, the laser fiber optic power supply unit, the multi-source rectifier and combiner unit, and the energy storage buffer unit via control lines. The energy management and arbitration controller is also connected to the output terminals of the DC differential voltage harvesting unit, the ultra-wide range CT energy harvesting unit, the laser fiber optic power supply unit, and the common energy bus via sampling lines.

[0141] The quantum current sensor load module includes a microwave excitation source, a laser driver, a photoelectric detection front end, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a digital signal processing unit, a temperature control unit, and a communication module, which are respectively connected to the output terminals of the clean power supply conversion unit.

[0142] Figure 9 In this system, the DC differential voltage harvesting unit, the ultra-wide range CT harvesting unit, and the laser fiber power supply unit harvest electrical energy from three different energy sources—voltage, alternating magnetic field, and light energy—of the tested circuit, respectively. These energy sources are then collected by the multi-source rectifier and combiner unit and fed into the common energy bus. The energy storage buffer unit is connected in parallel to the common energy bus to maintain its voltage during power path switching. The energy management and arbitration controller acquires the status information of the output terminals of each harvesting unit and the common energy bus, determines the primary power path based on the real-time output status, and controls the multi-source rectifier and combiner unit to perform path switching. The clean power supply conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supplies it to the various functional modules of the quantum current sensor load module.

[0143] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for quantum current sensors is provided, which is then applied to... Figure 1 Taking the system controller as an example, the explanation includes the following steps 201 to 204. Wherein:

[0144] Step 201: Obtain the real-time output status of each power path in the power input module; the power input module includes multiple power paths, and at least one of the multiple power paths includes a laser power supply path.

[0145] In this embodiment, the system controller collects the output status information of each power path in real time through a sampling terminal. Each power path obtains power from different energy sources of the tested circuit, and its output status includes information such as output voltage, output current, and available power. The system controller periodically collects and updates the output status of each power path at a preset sampling period (e.g., milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds) to obtain the current operating status and power supply capacity of each path, providing a data basis for subsequent decisions on the primary power path.

[0146] Step 202: Based on the real-time output status, determine the primary power path from the multiple power paths; the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0147] In this embodiment, the system controller makes a comprehensive judgment based on the real-time output status of each power path to determine the primary power path from multiple power paths. When determining the primary power path, the controller comprehensively considers factors such as the availability of each path, current output power, energy extraction efficiency, and system operating status, prioritizing the power path with sufficient power supply capacity and the highest efficiency under the current operating conditions as the primary power path. The laser power supply path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable; that is, when other available power paths exist, those paths are used first, with the laser power supply path serving as a last resort. When changes in line operating conditions cause the output status of the current primary power path to decline or fail, the controller re-determines a new primary power path from the remaining available paths.

[0148] Step 203: Generate a switching command based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path.

[0149] In this embodiment, the system controller generates a corresponding switching command based on the primary power path determined in step 202. The switching command includes information about the target path to be connected. When the primary power path is inconsistent with the currently actually connected power path, the switching command instructs the power input module to perform a path switching operation, connecting to the target primary power path and disconnecting the current power path. When the primary power path is consistent with the currently actually connected power path, the switching command maintains the current state and does not perform a switching operation. During switching, the power input module first connects to the primary power path, and then disconnects the current power path after its output stabilizes.

[0150] Step 204: Control the power supply conversion unit to convert the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supply it to the quantum current sensor.

[0151] In this embodiment, the system controller controls the power conversion unit to convert the electrical energy from the common energy bus into the operating power required by the various functional modules of the quantum current sensor. The power conversion unit adopts a two-stage architecture of switching pre-regulation and low-dropout linear regulator. After regulating and suppressing the voltage of the common energy bus, it outputs the voltage to the quantum current sensor, providing multiple low-ripple, low-noise operating power supplies for the microwave excitation source, laser driver, photoelectric detection front end, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, digital signal processing unit, temperature control unit, and communication module of the quantum current sensor.

[0152] In the aforementioned multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for quantum current sensors, the system controller acquires the real-time output status of each power path, determines the primary power path based on the real-time output status (the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary path when all other paths are unavailable), generates a switching command to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current path, and controls the power conversion unit to supply the quantum current sensor with converted power. By acquiring the real-time status of each path and making primary path decisions accordingly, the system can dynamically select the optimal power path as the primary path under different operating conditions, avoiding the continuous use of inefficient energy sources when unnecessary, thus optimizing the overall energy harvesting efficiency. Since the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary path when all other paths are unavailable, laser power supply is only used as a backup path on demand, eliminating the need for peak power consumption design and significantly reducing the power level and configuration cost of the laser. The power conversion unit supplies the quantum current sensor with converted power from the common energy bus, ensuring that the output power supply meets the stringent requirements of the quantum current sensor for ripple, noise, and stability.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned "determining the primary power path from the plurality of power paths based on the real-time output status" includes:

[0154] The real-time output status of each power path is obtained, and the current line condition is identified based on the real-time output status. Based on the current line condition and the real-time output status of each power path, the power paths are prioritized, and the power path with the highest priority and currently available is determined as the primary power path.

[0155] In this embodiment, after acquiring the real-time output status of each power path, the system controller identifies the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status. The identification of the line operating condition is based on a comprehensive judgment of information such as the output voltage, output current, and available power of each power path. For example, when the output power of the multi-tap current transformer power path is higher than a preset threshold, it indicates that there is alternating current in the tested line and the current is large, which can be identified as an AC heavy load condition; when the output power of the multi-tap current transformer power path is lower than the preset threshold while the output power of the DC differential voltage power path is normal, it indicates that the tested line is in a DC operating condition or an AC low current operating condition; when the output power of all power paths is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the tested line may be in a power outage maintenance or light load no-load condition.

[0156] After identifying the current line operating condition, the system controller prioritizes each power path based on the current line operating condition and the real-time output status of each power path. The priority ranking comprehensively considers factors such as the availability, energy extraction efficiency, and operating status of each power path under the current operating condition. For example, under high AC current conditions, the multi-tap current transformer power extraction path has sufficient output power and the highest efficiency, so it is prioritized first; under DC conditions, the multi-tap current transformer power extraction path cannot operate, so the DC differential voltage power extraction path is prioritized first; under power failure conditions, all other paths are unavailable, so the laser power supply path is prioritized first.

[0157] Finally, the system controller determines the highest priority and currently available power path as the primary power path. When the path ranked first in the priority order is currently available, it is directly determined as the primary power path; when the path ranked first is currently unavailable, the next highest priority and currently available path is selected in sequence.

[0158] In the above embodiments, the system controller identifies the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status of each power path, then prioritizes the paths based on the operating condition and path status, and finally determines the highest priority and currently available path as the primary path. Through a hierarchical decision-making process of operating condition identification—priority ranking—primary path determination, the system can perceive changes in line operating conditions in real time and dynamically adjust the energy harvesting strategy, ensuring that the optimal and available power path can be selected as the primary path under different operating conditions, thereby optimizing the overall energy harvesting efficiency.

[0159] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the tap switching and adaptive energy dissipation adjustment logic of the current transformer energy extraction unit.

[0160] The system controller acquires the effective value I of the current of the line under test in real time and executes the corresponding switching strategy according to the current magnitude.

[0161] When I is less than the low current threshold I_low, it is determined to be a low current operating condition. The system controller controls the tap switching switch array to switch to a high turns ratio tap in order to maximize the induced power and ensure that sufficient energy can still be obtained under low current.

[0162] When I is in the medium range, the system controller controls the tap switching array to switch to the medium turns ratio tap, so that the energy harvesting power is maintained in the appropriate range.

[0163] When I is greater than the high current threshold I_high, it is determined to be a high current condition. The system controller controls the tap switching switch array to switch to the low turns ratio tap, and at the same time, the energy discharge branch is connected step by step to dissipate the excess energy on the secondary side through the discharge resistor or active discharge circuit to prevent overvoltage of the energy storage precharge capacitor and deep saturation of the magnetic core.

[0164] When I suddenly rises to the fault current level, it is determined to be a fault impact condition. The system controller controls the tap changer array to switch to the lowest turns ratio or bypass state to achieve rapid overload protection.

[0165] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a multi-source rectifier-combiner unit. Figure 12 In this embodiment, the multi-source rectifier-combiner unit (i.e., the multi-source rectifier unit in this application) includes three bus branches, which are respectively connected to the output terminals of the DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit, the current transformer energy harvesting unit, and the laser power supply unit. Each bus branch is equipped with an anti-backflow ideal diode circuit and a branch switching switch. The output terminals of the three bus branches are connected in parallel to a common power bus.

[0166] The reverse-current protection ideal diode circuit consists of a low-dropout MOSFET and an ideal diode controller, equivalent to a low-loss unidirectional conducting device. The ideal diode controller controls the MOSFET's on / off state, ensuring the MOSFET conducts when the current is in the forward direction and turns off when it is in the reverse direction, thus achieving unidirectional conduction. The forward voltage drop of the reverse-current protection ideal diode circuit is in the tens of millivolts range, far lower than the 0.3V to 0.5V forward voltage drop of a typical Schottky diode, significantly reducing bus losses. This is particularly important for self-powered systems with limited power extraction capabilities.

[0167] Branch switching switches are installed in each bus branch and controlled by the energy management and arbitration controller (i.e., the system controller in this application). The branch switching switches are used to connect or disconnect the corresponding bus branch according to the switching commands generated by the energy management and arbitration controller, thereby realizing the active connection and disconnection of the energy extraction path. When an energy extraction unit is determined to be the primary power path, the energy management and arbitration controller controls the branch switching switch of the corresponding bus branch to connect the energy extraction unit to the common energy bus; when it is necessary to disconnect an energy extraction unit, the controller controls the corresponding branch switching switch to disconnect, disconnecting the energy extraction unit from the common energy bus.

[0168] Figure 12 In the middle, the energy management and arbitration controller is connected to the control terminal of the branch switching switch of the three bus branches, and is used to control the on and off state of each branch switching switch according to the switching command.

[0169] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the functional structure of the system controller. Figure 13 In this application, the energy management and arbitration controller (i.e., the system controller) includes a condition identification module, a priority arbitration module, a seamless switching control module, a power scheduling module, and a status monitoring and protection module.

[0170] The operating condition identification module is connected to the line current / voltage sampling signal and the status signals of each energy source at its input terminal. It is used to identify the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status of each power path. The operating condition identification module outputs the identification result to the priority arbitration module.

[0171] The input of the priority arbitration module is connected to the identification result of the operating condition identification module and the status signals of each energy source. It is used to determine the priority of each energy source path based on the current line operating condition and the real-time output status of each energy source path, and to generate the switching command of the energy source branch.

[0172] The input of the seamless switching control module is connected to the switching command of the priority arbitration module. It is used to control the branch switching switch to perform the switching operation in the order of first connecting and then disconnecting when the power path is switched, so as to avoid the bus voltage drop during the switching process.

[0173] The input terminal of the power dispatch module is connected to the status signals of each energy source. When multiple power paths are put into operation at the same time, the output power of each power path is allocated according to the status of each energy source, and power dispatch instructions are generated.

[0174] The input terminal of the status monitoring and protection module is connected to the status signals of each energy source and the common energy bus. It is used to monitor the voltage, current and temperature status of each energy source, energy storage unit and common energy bus in real time. When abnormalities such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature and undervoltage of energy storage occur, it performs protection actions and reports the abnormal information to the communication module of the quantum current sensor.

[0175] Figure 13 In this system, the signal flow between modules is as follows: the operating condition identification module identifies the current line operating condition based on line current / voltage sampling and the status of each energy source, and outputs the identification result to the priority arbitration module; the priority arbitration module determines the priority of each power path based on the operating condition identification result and the status of each energy source, and generates a switching command to be output to the seamless switching control module; the seamless switching control module controls the branch switching switch to perform the switching according to the switching command; the power scheduling module generates a power scheduling command based on the status of each energy source; and the status monitoring and protection module monitors the system status in real time and performs protection actions when abnormalities occur.

[0176] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the connection-then-disconnect control timing for seamless energy switching. Figure 14 The time sequence relationship of the switching of the new branch, the switching of the original branch, the bus voltage and the energy storage current with time is shown during the switching of the power path.

[0177] Before the start of the switching, the original branch switching switch is in the ON state, the new branch switching switch is in the OFF state, the original power path is normally connected, the bus voltage is stable near the rated value, and the energy storage buffer unit has no current output.

[0178] At the start of the switching process (t1), the energy management and arbitration controller (i.e., the system controller in this application) first controls the new branch switching switch to turn on, connecting the new power path to the common energy bus. At this time, the original branch remains connected, and the two power paths operate in parallel briefly, with the load powered by both paths. Because both paths are connected simultaneously, the bus voltage remains stable.

[0179] During the overlapping conduction period from t1 to t2, the supercapacitor in the energy storage buffer unit regulates charging and discharging according to the power difference. If there is a momentary power fluctuation when a new path is connected, the supercapacitor discharges instantaneously to replenish the power difference and maintain the stability of the bus voltage.

[0180] At time t2, the energy management and arbitration controller controls the original branch switching switch to open, disconnecting the original power path from the common energy bus, and the switching is complete. At this time, the new power path independently supplies power to the load, and the bus voltage remains stable without any drop.

[0181] After time t2, the system enters a steady-state operation with the new power path supplying power independently, and the energy storage current returns to zero or its normal value.

[0182] During the aforementioned switching process, the on-time t1 of the new branch switching switch is earlier than the off-time t2 of the original branch switching switch, forming a switching sequence of on-the-fly. There is an overlapping conduction interval between the two branches between t1 and t2, during which the supercapacitor supplements or absorbs the power difference. Through this timing control, the bus voltage fluctuation does not exceed a set percentage of the rated value (e.g., ±5%) throughout the switching process, preventing instantaneous power outages. The microwave source and laser of the quantum current sensor continue to operate during the switching period, and the coherent information of the NV color center spin state is not lost.

[0183] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 15 The flowchart illustrates the criteria for real-time identification of line operating conditions. This process is applied to the operating condition identification module in the energy management and arbitration controller (i.e., the system controller in this application) to determine the current line operating condition category in real time based on the collected line status information.

[0184] like Figure 15 As shown, the working condition identification process is as follows: First, the working condition identification module collects the voltage U_line, the effective value of the AC component of the current, the DC component of the current, and the rate of change of the current of the line under test.

[0185] Then, determine whether both the voltage U_line and the current are below their respective existence thresholds. If so, identify the line as being out of power; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0186] Determine whether the current surges above the fault current threshold I_fault within a very short time (less than the preset fault determination time window Δt_f), i.e., whether the current change rate satisfies dI / dt > I_fault / Δt_f. If yes, it is identified as a fault impact condition; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0187] Determine whether the AC component of the current exceeds a preset AC threshold and whether the DC component of the current exceeds a preset DC threshold. If yes, it is identified as a mixed AC / DC operating condition; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0188] Determine whether the DC component of the current is greater than a preset DC threshold and whether the AC component of the current is lower than a preset AC threshold. If yes, it is identified as a pure DC steady-state operating condition; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0189] Determine whether the AC component of the current exceeds a preset AC threshold. If yes, proceed to the next step; otherwise, identify it as non-existent or an abnormal operating condition.

[0190] Determine if the effective value of the AC component of the current is less than the preset low current threshold I_low. If yes, identify it as a low current, light load condition; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0191] Determine whether the effective value of the AC component of the current is greater than the preset high current threshold I_high. If yes, it is identified as a high current heavy load condition; otherwise, it is identified as a pure AC steady-state condition.

[0192] The above judgment process is executed cyclically at a fixed period. The working condition identification module outputs the current working condition category in real time based on the line status information collected each time, providing a decision basis for the priority arbitration module.

[0193] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 16 The voltage and power timing comparison curves for seamless switching of the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system are divided into two sub-graphs, with the horizontal axis representing time (in milliseconds) and the operating condition switching time located at 100ms.

[0194] The upper sub-graph shows the bus voltage Ubus variation curve: the rated bus voltage is 50V, with a defined allowable fluctuation range of ±5%, an upper limit of 52.5V and a lower limit of 47.5V, and the quantum sensor unlock threshold of 45V is also marked. The bus voltage basically follows the 50V rated value throughout the process, with only a very small dip at the 100ms operating condition switching time. The voltage fluctuation range is controlled within ±5% and does not drop to the unlock threshold. The marking in the figure indicates that the switching is seamless and without voltage drop, which can ensure continuous power supply to the quantum current sensor without failure. The sub-figure below shows the power smoothing process curves. The three curves correspond to the CT power harvesting power, DC differential pressure power harvesting power, and laser power supply power, respectively. Within the 0~100ms interval, the CT power harvesting power gradually decreases, the DC differential pressure power harvesting power increases smoothly, and the laser power supply power remains stable throughout. Before and after the 100ms switching point, the two main power harvesting power curves intersect to complete the power handover. After the switch, the CT power harvesting power continues to decrease, the DC differential pressure power harvesting power steadily increases, and the laser power supply always serves as a backup energy source, maintaining a small and stable output. Relying on the smooth complementarity of the two main energy sources, one decreasing and one increasing, combined with the backup laser power supply, energy handover is achieved without power interruption.

[0195] The combined explanation of the two sub-graphs shows that during the 100ms power path switching, the power smoothly alternates between CT power extraction and DC differential voltage power extraction, with the power support from laser backup power supply. The bus voltage only experiences a slight dip and does not exceed the ±5% fluctuation boundary, which is far higher than the 45V sensor lockout threshold. This timing result confirms that the seamless switching mechanism of this system, which connects first and then disconnects, effectively avoids the risk of power failure during switching and can continuously supply stable power to the quantum current sensor.

[0196] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 17 This diagram illustrates the operational status transitions of a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor. The elliptical nodes represent five line operating conditions identified by the system: low current light load, pure AC heavy load, fault impact, pure DC steady state, and line power failure. Arrows between nodes indicate the triggering conditions and corresponding actions for each operating condition switch.

[0197] The system operates bidirectionally between low-current light load and pure AC heavy load: when the line current rises, the system switches the current transformer to a low turns ratio to enter pure AC heavy load mode; when the line current falls, the system switches to a high turns ratio to return to low-current light load mode. Once the current or voltage drops below the threshold in either mode, the system switches to line de-energization mode and activates laser power supply; after the line power supply parameters recover, the system switches back to the corresponding AC operating mode.

[0198] When a sudden current surge is detected under pure AC heavy load, the system switches to fault impact mode using the energy storage buffer unit and CT limiting mechanism. After the fault is cleared and the current returns to normal, it switches back to pure AC heavy load and continues to use CT for power extraction. If the fault persists, the system switches to DC differential voltage extraction mode and enters pure DC steady-state mode. After DC current limiting is completed and the fault is cleared, normal operation resumes. When the pure DC steady-state voltage drops, the system switches to line power failure mode and activates laser backup power supply. After the DC voltage recovers, laser power supply stops, and the system switches back to DC differential voltage extraction mode.

[0199] The pure DC steady-state mode can switch to a low-current, light-load mode when the DC output is stable and the line current is low. The low-current, light-load mode will switch to this mode when the line current drops back to the light-load range. The system controller collects the line electrical parameters throughout the process to identify the operating condition, and combines the real-time output status of each power path to prioritize and issue switching commands. It automatically matches and adapts the power harvesting path in different line scenarios to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the quantum current sensor.

[0200] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 18 This diagram illustrates a two-stage, hierarchical, low-noise power supply architecture for the power conversion unit. The overall circuit is divided into two stages: a high-efficiency switching pre-regulated converter and a multi-channel low-noise low-dropout regulator (LDO) power supply.

[0201] The power from the common power bus is first input to a high-efficiency switching pre-regulated converter, which outputs a unified intermediate voltage to power the subsequent multi-channel LDO circuits. The secondary multi-channel low-noise LDO power supply has multiple independent output branches: the microwave excitation source power supply branch and the laser driver power supply branch are connected in series after the low-noise LDO with a π-type LC filter network and an active ripple suppression circuit, which can suppress the output ripple to the microvolt level; the photoelectric detection front-end power supply branch and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit power supply branch are directly powered by the low-noise LDO output. These four branches belong to the analog group and are connected to analog ground; the digital signal processing unit power supply branch, the communication module power supply branch, and the temperature control unit power supply branch belong to the digital group and are connected to digital ground. The architecture adopts a single-point grounding method connecting analog ground and digital ground to isolate the interference of digital switching noise on the analog measurement link. The first-stage switching pre-regulated converter is responsible for converting the common power bus voltage into a suitable intermediate voltage, while taking into account the power conversion efficiency. The second-stage multi-channel LDO provides separate regulated power supply for different functional modules of the quantum current sensor. Two-stage filtering and noise reduction circuits are added for high-precision loads such as microwave excitation sources and laser drivers. Digital loads are separately powered and zoned for grounding. This not only matches the power supply requirements of different modules, but also blocks noise crosstalk at the path level, ensuring the cleanliness of the power supply for quantum measurement.

[0202] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0203] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device for a quantum current sensor to implement the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method of the quantum current sensor described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the implementation scheme described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device for a quantum current sensor provided below can be found in the limitations of the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for the quantum current sensor described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0204] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 19As shown, a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device for a quantum current sensor is provided, comprising: an acquisition module 301, a determination module 302, a generation module 303, and a control module 304, wherein:

[0205] The acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the real-time output status of each power path in the power input module; the power input module includes multiple power paths, and the multiple power paths include at least a laser power supply path;

[0206] The determination module 302 is used to determine the primary power path from multiple power paths based on the real-time output status; the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable.

[0207] The generation module 303 is used to generate switching instructions based on the main power path; the switching instructions are used to control the power input module to connect to the main power path and disconnect the current power path;

[0208] The control module 304 is used to control the power conversion unit to convert the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supply it to the quantum current sensor.

[0209] In one embodiment, the determining module 302 is specifically used to obtain the real-time output status of each of the power paths, identify the current line condition based on the real-time output status, prioritize each of the power paths based on the current line condition and the real-time output status of each of the power paths, and determine the power path with the highest priority and currently available as the primary power path.

[0210] The modules in the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting device of the aforementioned quantum current sensor can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the memory of a computer device as software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0211] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 20As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media to run. The database stores relevant data from the multi-source adaptive energy harvesting process of the quantum current sensor. The I / O interfaces are used for information exchange between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for a quantum current sensor.

[0212] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 20 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0213] In one embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0214] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0215] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0216] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0217] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0218] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-source adaptive energy harvesting system for a quantum current sensor, characterized in that, The system is used to power a quantum current sensor, which is installed on the circuit under test; the system includes a power input module, a system controller, and a power conversion unit. The output terminal of the power input module is connected to the common energy bus; The input terminal of the power supply conversion unit is connected to the common energy bus, and the output terminal of the power supply conversion unit is used to connect to the quantum current sensor. The system controller is connected to the power input module and the common energy bus; The power input module includes multiple power paths, each of which is used to obtain power from the circuit under test and output it to the common energy bus. The system controller is used to obtain the real-time output status of each of the power paths, determine the primary power path from the multiple power paths according to the real-time output status, and generate a switching command according to the primary power path. The power input module is used to connect to the main power path and disconnect the current power path according to the switching command; The power conversion unit is used to convert the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supply it to the quantum current sensor.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power input module includes an energy harvesting component and a multi-source rectifier unit, wherein the multi-source rectifier unit is connected between the energy harvesting component and the common energy bus; The energy harvesting component is used to harvest electrical energy from the circuit under test; The multi-source rectifier unit is used to collect the electrical energy obtained by the energy harvesting component and feed it into the common energy bus.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy harvesting component includes a DC differential voltage harvesting unit, a current inductance energy harvesting unit, and a laser power supply unit; The output terminals of the DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit, the current inductance energy harvesting unit, and the laser power supply unit are respectively connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit; The DC differential voltage harvesting unit is used to harvest electrical energy from the voltage of the circuit under test; The current transformer energy harvesting unit is used to obtain electrical energy from the alternating magnetic field of the circuit under test. The laser power supply unit is used to convert light energy into electrical energy.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current transformer energy harvesting unit includes a tap switching switch array and a multi-tap current transformer mounted on the circuit under test. The multi-tap current transformer has multiple taps with different turns ratios, and each tap is connected to the corresponding input terminal of the tap switching array. The output terminal of the tap switching array is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit. The tap switching array is used to switch the tap turns ratio according to the current of the line under test.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current transformer energy harvesting unit also includes a secondary rectifier bridge, an energy discharge and limiting circuit, an energy storage pre-charge capacitor, and an output conditioning circuit. The output terminal of the tap switching array is connected to the input terminal of the secondary rectifier bridge; The positive and negative output terminals of the secondary rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the two ends of the energy discharge and limiting circuit, and the two ends of the energy discharge and limiting circuit are also respectively connected to the two ends of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor. The two ends of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor are respectively connected to the two input terminals of the output conditioning circuit, and the output terminal of the output conditioning circuit is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit. The energy discharge and limiting circuit is used to conduct when the voltage of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor exceeds a preset threshold in order to discharge excess energy. The output conditioning circuit is used to regulate and condition the electrical energy of the energy storage pre-charge capacitor before outputting it.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser power supply unit includes a laser, an optical fiber for transmitting power, a photoelectric power converter, and a boost conditioning circuit. The laser is located on the ground side, and the photoelectric power converter is located on the side of the circuit under test. One end of the power transmission optical fiber is connected to the optical output end of the laser, and the other end is connected to the optical input end of the photoelectric power converter. The electrical output terminal of the photoelectric power converter is connected to the input terminal of the boost conditioning circuit, and the output terminal of the boost conditioning circuit is connected to a corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit. The laser is used to convert electrical energy into laser light and output it to the energy transmission optical fiber; The photoelectric power converter is used to convert the laser transmitted by the power transmission fiber into electrical energy and output it to the boost conditioning circuit. The boost conditioning circuit is used to boost the electrical energy output by the photoelectric power converter to the voltage level of the common energy bus before outputting it.

7. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The DC differential voltage energy harvesting unit includes an input protection circuit, an isolation transformer, and a secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit; The input terminal of the input protection circuit is connected to the energy-dividing voltage node of the circuit under test, the output terminal of the input protection circuit is connected to the primary side of the isolation transformer, the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the input terminal of the secondary side rectifier and filter circuit, and the output terminal of the secondary side rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the corresponding bus branch in the multi-source rectifier unit. The input protection circuit is used to perform surge clamping and current limiting protection on the voltage from the line under test; The isolation transformer is used to isolate and transform the voltage processed by the input protection circuit, and output the isolated and transformed voltage to the secondary rectifier and filter circuit. The secondary-side rectifier and filter circuit is used to rectify and filter the voltage output from the isolation transformer before outputting it.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an energy storage buffer unit; The energy storage buffer unit is connected to the common energy bus and is used to maintain the voltage of the common energy bus during power path switching.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system controller is also used to identify the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status of each of the power paths. The priority of each power path is determined based on the current line operating conditions and the real-time output status of each power path.

10. A multi-source adaptive energy harvesting method for a quantum current sensor, characterized in that, The method, applied to a system controller in any one of claims 1-9, comprises: The real-time output status of each power path in the power input module is obtained; the power input module includes multiple power paths, and at least one of the multiple power paths includes a laser power supply path; Based on the real-time output status, a primary power path is determined from multiple power paths; the laser power supply path is only determined as the primary power path when all other power paths are unavailable. A switching command is generated based on the primary power path; the switching command is used to control the power input module to connect to the primary power path and disconnect the current power path; The control power conversion unit converts the electrical energy from the common energy bus and supplies it to the quantum current sensor.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The step of determining the primary power path from multiple power paths based on the real-time output status includes: Obtain the real-time output status of each of the power paths, and identify the current line operating condition based on the real-time output status; Based on the current line operating conditions and the real-time output status of each power path, the power paths are prioritized and the power path with the highest priority and currently available is determined as the primary power path.

Images