An outdoor intelligent ring main unit remote on-off control safety protection method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power distribution network automatic control, and provides a remote opening and closing control safety protection method for an outdoor intelligent looped network cabinet, which comprises operation request access and multi-level identity authentication, and the remote control terminal sends an opening and closing operation request to a local control unit of the looped network cabinet; account password verification, operation terminal hardware fingerprint verification, operator biological feature verification and dynamic token verification are sequentially performed; after all the verifications are passed, the permission verification stage is entered; dynamic permission matching verification is performed; according to the operator level, the current time period, the equipment operation state and the operation type, the authorized threshold value of the current operation is calculated through a dynamic permission coefficient formula; and it is judged whether the operator has the operation permission this time. Through the multi-level identity authentication and the dynamic permission mechanism, the permission value is dynamically calculated in combination with the personnel level, the time period, the equipment state and the operation type, the unauthorized operation and the operation in the unauthorized time period are effectively prevented, and the access control safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution network automation control technology, specifically to a method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of outdoor intelligent ring network cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] Ring main units (RNBs) are core equipment in power distribution networks that enable ring network power supply, segmented control, and fault isolation, and are widely deployed in outdoor power distribution lines. With the advancement of power distribution network automation, remote opening and closing control has become a standard feature of intelligent RNBs, which can significantly improve fault handling efficiency and reduce manual on-site operation costs.

[0003] However, existing remote opening and closing control schemes have the following security flaws: First, they mostly use a single password or certificate authentication method, which poses risks of account leakage and unauthorized operation, and cannot dynamically verify the real-time identity of operators and the operating environment. Second, they lack comprehensive equipment status pre-detection and safety quantitative assessment before executing opening and closing commands, and only release operations based on simple interlocking conditions, making it difficult to identify operational risks under hidden fault conditions. Third, they lack real-time safety monitoring and emergency interruption mechanisms during operation, and cannot terminate operations in time when sudden situations such as arcing abnormalities or mechanism jamming occur. Fourth, the granularity of operation permission management is too coarse, and it is impossible to dynamically adjust permissions based on operation time, equipment condition, and personnel level, which poses security risks of misoperation and malicious operation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a remote opening and closing control safety protection method for outdoor intelligent ring main units that features multi-level verification, quantitative evaluation, real-time protection, and dynamic authorization, so as to comprehensively improve the safety and reliability of remote operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a safety protection method for remote opening and closing control of outdoor intelligent ring main units, which solves the problems of single authentication method, incomplete status detection, inability to quantify risks, and lack of process protection in existing remote opening and closing control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a remote opening and closing control safety protection method for outdoor intelligent ring main units, comprising the following steps: S1. Operation request access and multi-level authentication: The remote control terminal sends a circuit breaker operation request to the local control unit of the ring network cabinet. The account password verification, operation terminal hardware fingerprint verification, operator biometric verification and dynamic token verification are performed in sequence. After all are passed, the permission verification stage is entered. S2. Dynamic permission matching and verification: Based on the operator's level, current time period, equipment operating status and operation type, the authorization threshold for the current operation is calculated using the dynamic permission coefficient formula to determine whether the operator has the permission for this operation. S3. Equipment Status Pre-detection and Safety Index Calculation: Collect electrical parameters, mechanical status, environmental parameters and cabinet door status of the ring main unit, calculate the comprehensive safety index through the equipment safety status index formula, and refuse operation and report an alarm if the index is lower than the preset threshold. S4. Operational risk quantitative assessment: Based on equipment status, power grid conditions, operation history and environmental conditions, calculate the comprehensive risk value of this opening and closing operation using the operation risk assessment formula, and match the corresponding operation review process according to the risk level. S5. Command review and anti-misoperation interlock verification: Perform secondary content verification and electrical interlock condition determination on the operation command, verify the matching of the command with the current operating mode, and verify the interlock conditions of the grounding switch, cabinet door, and load side. The execution command is issued after all conditions are met. S6. Real-time monitoring and protection of the opening and closing process: During the opening and closing mechanism, the coil current, contact stroke, arc intensity and mechanism action time parameters are collected in real time. The abnormality is monitored in real time through the arc risk judgment formula and the mechanism abnormality judgment formula. When the protection threshold is triggered, the operation circuit is immediately cut off and the braking is started. S7. Operation result confirmation and full-link log storage: After the operation is completed, the feedback signal of the opening and closing position is collected to confirm the result, the data of the whole process is encrypted and stored, and an unalterable operation audit log is generated.

[0006] Preferably, the formula for the dynamic permission coefficient in S2 is:

[0007] In the formula, This is the current dynamic permission value; This represents the operator's inherent permission level, ranging from 1 to 10. This is a time-period correction factor: 1.0 for weekdays, 0.7 for nighttime hours, and 0.5 for holidays. This is the equipment status correction factor, with 1.0 for normal operation, 0.6 for abnormal warning, and 0 for fault status. The operation type correction factor is 1.0 for opening operation, 0.8 for closing operation, and 0.3 for forced unlocking operation; when It is determined that the user has the necessary permissions. The permission threshold for the corresponding operation type.

[0008] Preferably, the formula for the equipment safety status index in S3 is:

[0009] In the formula, S is the comprehensive safety index of the equipment, with a value ranging from 0 to 100. For electrical state sub-index; For institutional state sub-index, This is a sub-index of environmental state. This refers to the sub-index of the cabinet door and grounding status. Let be the weight coefficients of each sub-item, satisfying .

[0010] Preferably, the electrical state sub-index The calculation formula is:

[0011] In the formula, U is the current phase voltage. Rated voltage, This refers to the three-phase current imbalance. The current insulation resistance, The rated insulation resistance threshold. This is the penalty coefficient.

[0012] Preferably, the operational risk assessment formula in S4 is:

[0013] In the formula, R is the comprehensive operational risk value, which ranges from 0 to 100. As a component of equipment risk, , As a component of power grid risk, As a measure of historical operational risk, As an environmental risk component, The weights for each risk component.

[0014] Preferably, the risk level is divided into four levels based on the comprehensive risk value: It is low-risk and can be performed by a single person. The risk level is medium, and the procedure requires double review. This is a high-risk operation and requires authorization from the supervisor before execution. Due to the extremely high risk, remote operation is prohibited; operation must be conducted on-site.

[0015] Preferably, the arc risk determination formula in S6 is:

[0016] In the formula, The cumulative intensity of the arc light. For a moment The arc light sensor detects the light intensity value. The duration after the operation starts. This is the light intensity correction factor; when And duration If a dangerous arc flash is detected, the emergency disconnection protection of the opening and closing circuit will be immediately triggered.

[0017] Preferably, the formula for determining mechanism anomalies in S6 is:

[0018]

[0019] when or When this occurs, it is determined that the mechanism is malfunctioning. In the formula, This refers to the actual opening and closing time. Standard motion time, This represents the actual peak current of the coil. Standard peak current, The threshold for action time deviation. This is the peak current deviation threshold.

[0020] Preferably, in S1, the biometric verification uses facial recognition or fingerprint recognition, and the dynamic token uses a time-synchronized dynamic password that is updated every 30 seconds.

[0021] Preferably, the operation audit log in S7 is encrypted and stored using the national cryptographic algorithm SM4. The log content includes operator information, authentication records, status data, risk assessment results, execution process curves and operation results, supporting full-link traceability auditing.

[0022] This invention provides a method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of outdoor intelligent ring main units. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs a multi-level identity authentication and dynamic permission mechanism, combining personnel level, time period, device status, and operation type to dynamically calculate permission values, effectively preventing unauthorized operations and operations during unauthorized periods, thereby improving access control security.

[0023] 2. This invention constructs a multi-parameter integrated equipment safety index and operational risk quantitative assessment model, and transforms implicit risks into quantifiable indicators through a clear calculation formula, thereby achieving risk classification and control and avoiding blind operation.

[0024] 3. This invention enables real-time monitoring of the entire opening and closing process. By judging the cumulative intensity of arc light and the deviation of the mechanism's action parameters, it can quickly trigger protection interruption when an abnormality occurs, preventing the accident from escalating.

[0025] 4. This invention uses end-to-end operation log encryption for evidence storage, which meets the requirements of power system security audit and enables full traceability of the operation process. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a method for remote opening and closing control safety protection of outdoor intelligent ring main units, comprising the following steps: S1 operation request access and multi-level authentication: Maintenance personnel initiate a branching operation request for bay 1 via a remote control terminal. The request message includes account, password, terminal hardware serial number, facial recognition feature value, and a 6-digit dynamic token code. Upon receiving the request, the local control unit sequentially performs the following verifications: account and password verification against the database, terminal hardware fingerprint whitelist verification, facial recognition feature value verification against the authorized personnel database, and dynamic token synchronization verification with the server. If all four verifications pass, the access control phase begins; if any verification fails, the request is rejected and an alarm is recorded. S2 dynamic permission matching and verification, based on the operator's inherent permission level. This is a weekday working period. The equipment is in normal operating condition. The operation type is tripping. Substitute into the dynamic permission coefficient formula:

[0029] Threshold for tripping operation authorization ,because It was determined that the user had the necessary permissions. S3 Equipment Status Pre-detection and Safety Index Calculation: The local control unit collects current data: three-phase voltage deviation rate 2%, three-phase current imbalance 3%, insulation resistance 90% of rated value, mechanism energy storage normal, contact wear 10%, coil resistance normal, cabinet temperature 35℃, humidity 60%, no condensation, no smoke, cabinet door closed, grounding switch in the open position. Calculate the electrical status sub-index:

[0030]

[0031] Institutional State Sub-index Environmental state sub-index Cabinet door grounding index ; Substitute into the comprehensive safety index formula:

[0032]

[0033] The preset security index threshold is 60. The equipment status meets the operating conditions; S4 Operational Risk Quantitative Assessment, Equipment Risk Components The current load factor is 40%, the voltage is stable, and the power grid risk component is... No operational failures in the past 30 days, historical risk level. The weather is sunny with no rain, and the environmental risk level is low. ; Substitute into the comprehensive risk value formula:

[0034]

[0035] It is classified as a low-risk operation and can be performed by a single person. S5 instruction review and anti-misoperation interlock verification: The secondary verification instruction content is the tripping of bay 1, which matches the current operating mode. The electrical interlocking conditions are verified: the grounding switch is in the open position, the cabinet door is closed, there is no short circuit signal on the load side, and the spring is energized. All interlocking conditions are met, and the tripping execution instruction is generated.

[0036] The S6 circuit breaker performs real-time monitoring and protection during the opening and closing process. After the opening command is issued, the circuit breaker coil current, contact position signal, arc sensor light intensity value, and standard opening time are collected in real time with a 1ms sampling period. Standard peak current The actual tripping time Peak current The calculation yields:

[0037]

[0038] The mechanism's operating parameters were normal. During operation, the arc light intensity remained at the background level, and the cumulative arc light intensity was far below the threshold, indicating no abnormalities. The tripping action was completed smoothly. The S7 operation result is confirmed and the entire chain log is stored. The auxiliary switch position feedback is collected to confirm that the No. 1 interval is in the correct position, and the operation is successful. The personnel information, authentication records, status data, risk assessment results, execution process curves and result information of this operation are encrypted and stored using national cryptographic algorithms, and an operation audit log is generated and sent to the main station.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment addresses an extreme operating scenario for an outdoor 10kV intelligent ring main unit: A ring main unit deployed in an open-air location in the suburbs has been in operation for 7 years. During the plum rain season, there was continuous rainfall for 48 hours, resulting in slight condensation inside the unit. After the fault repair of the downstream user-side line was completed, the maintenance personnel planned to remotely perform a closing operation on the No. 3 outgoing line bay to restore power supply to the area. Pre-processing basic data acquisition: relative humidity inside the cabinet is 92%; online insulation resistance monitoring of the main circuit. Rated insulation resistance requirements The three-phase voltage deviation rate is 4.2%, the three-phase current imbalance is 9%, the contacts have accumulated 1200 operations, the wear is about 18%, the resistance of the opening and closing coils has increased slightly, the cabinet door is locked in place, and the grounding switch is in the open position. The maintenance team leader initiates a power-on request via a dedicated maintenance terminal, sequentially verifying identity through four methods: account password, terminal hardware fingerprint, facial recognition, and dynamic token. Once identity verification is successful, the permission value is calculated using the dynamic permission coefficient formula. Operator's inherent authority level (Squad Leader Level) Currently in nighttime non-working hours, time period correction factor. The equipment is in an abnormal warning state; equipment status correction coefficient. The operation type is closing, and the operation type correction coefficient is... ;

[0041] Normal access threshold for closing operation ,because The system determines that the operator does not have the normal power-closing authority and automatically triggers the authority upgrade process, pushing the operation request and operating data to the supervisor for authorization confirmation. The local control unit collects all status parameters and calculates the overall safety index of the equipment. Electrical state sub-index Based on voltage deviation, current imbalance, and relative deviation of insulation resistance, the formula is modified to the form of relative deviation of insulation resistance (consistent with the calculation logic of Example 1):

[0042] Substitute parameters , , , , , :

[0043] Institutional State Sub-index The contacts are severely worn, the coil resistance has slightly drifted, and the overall mechanism is in a sub-healthy state. Environmental State Sub-index High humidity with slight condensation creates unfavorable environmental conditions for insulation. Cabinet door and grounding state sub-index The cabinet door lock and the grounding switch position both meet the requirements; Substitute into the comprehensive safety index formula:

[0044]

[0045] The system has two levels of security thresholds: a threshold of 60 for normal operations and a threshold of 50 for forced denial. This time... Slightly higher than the normal threshold, but given the continued worsening trend of condensation, the system automatically marked it as a warning state and entered the enhanced risk assessment process; Substitute the values ​​into the operational risk assessment formula to calculate the overall risk value: Equipment risk components Power grid risk components The evening peak load rate reached 75%, and there is a risk of hidden faults due to the recent maintenance downstream. Historical operational risks also play a role. There were two instances of closing bounce timeouts within a 30-day interval, resulting in an operation failure rate of approximately 15%, and an environmental risk component. Continuous rainfall, moderate probability of lightning strike;

[0046]

[0047] This is classified as a high-risk level, and the system will automatically implement Level 3 control measures. Lock single-person operation permissions, push risk assessment reports and operation requests to the power distribution supervisor, and require the supervisor to complete secondary identity authentication before authorization can be granted; Simultaneously trigger on-site verification instructions to notify nearby maintenance personnel to confirm the appearance of the contacts, the degree of condensation, and the grounding status. Only after feedback that there are no obvious defects can the next step be carried out. After authorization is granted, the cabinet heating and dehumidification device is forcibly started and run for 5 minutes. Only when the insulation resistance is retested and rises to above 85MΩ can the closing command be issued. During operation, the monitoring sampling frequency was increased from 1ms to 0.5ms, the protection threshold was lowered by 10%, and the anomaly response speed was enhanced. On-site personnel confirmed that the equipment had no obvious defects, the supervisor completed the authorization, and after dehumidification, the insulation resistance rose back to 87MΩ. The system successfully performed the closing operation on the first attempt, and there were no abnormalities throughout the entire process. After the operation was completed, the system automatically generated a special audit report for high-risk operations, which included risk assessment data, multi-level authorization records, on-site verification vouchers, and the full operation curve, and archived it to the safety management platform to achieve full traceability of the process.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This embodiment addresses a sudden fault scenario during operation. A 10kV outdoor ring main unit, after 10 years of service, has internal ablation defects and an uneven, oxidized surface in the No. 2 incoming line bay contacts due to long-term heavy-load operation. One day, due to a line fault isolation requirement, maintenance personnel remotely performed a tripping operation on this bay. During the tripping process, contact ablation triggered a continuous arcing. This ring main unit is equipped with three sets of distributed arc flash sensors (located in the three-phase contact chambers), a tripping coil current sensor, and a contact travel sensor. The protection output response time is ≤5ms, meeting the rapid arc flash protection requirements of distribution network equipment. This operation underwent multi-level identity authentication, authorization verification, and status pre-detection. The overall equipment safety index was 68, which is above the normal operation threshold; the overall risk value was 38, belonging to the medium risk level. The tripping command was issued after double-checking. No hidden ablation defects inside the contacts were identified during the pre-detection phase. After the system issues the trip command, it collects the three-phase arc intensity, coil current, contact stroke and action time in real time with a sampling period of 0.5ms, and performs arc risk judgment and mechanism abnormality judgment simultaneously. In practical embedded systems, discrete sampling is used to perform integral calculations, discretizing the formula for cumulative arc intensity as follows:

[0050] In the formula: The sampling step size, Let i be the light intensity value at the i-th sampling point. Set the arc intensity threshold as the light intensity correction coefficient (normalizing the light intensity-time integral to the judgment range). Continuous arcing time threshold ; During normal tripping, the contact separation generates only a brief arc of 3-5 ms, with the cumulative arc intensity typically below 30, far below the protection threshold. The detection data for phase A during this tripping process are as follows: 12ms after the command was issued, the contacts began to separate, and the light intensity suddenly increased from the background value of 50 lux to 1200 lux; From the 15ms onwards, the light intensity remained at 1800~2200 lux, with no signs of natural decay.

[0051] By the 17ms mark, the cumulative arcing time had reached 5ms (exceeding...). The integral value of light intensity is calculated using the trapezoidal integral method:

[0052] Substitute into the formula for cumulative arc intensity:

[0053] Furthermore, the duration of continuous arcing exceeds the threshold, thus meeting the criteria for arc hazard determination.

[0054] Simultaneous verification of mechanism motion parameters: Standard tripping time The actual action was not completed by 60ms. (Time deviation threshold); Standard peak current Actual coil peak current , (Current deviation threshold).

[0055] After the system confirms the occurrence of dangerous continuous arcing, it triggers the three-level protection linkage within 4ms, drives the high-speed solid-state relay to immediately cut off the power supply circuit of the trip coil, and terminates the trip power output; The trip spring auxiliary braking mechanism is activated to limit the contact opening distance from increasing further, thus preventing the arc gap from widening and further aggravating the arc. Automatically locks all remote operation permissions in this bay, generates hierarchical alarms and sends them to the main station, marks the arc flash abnormality fault type during the circuit breaker tripping process, and simultaneously pushes the information to maintenance personnel for on-site handling. The total response time of this protection was ≤4ms, effectively suppressing the continued burning of the arc and avoiding serious accidents such as insulation breakdown, phase-to-phase short circuits, and even cabinet explosions. Subsequent on-site inspection confirmed that the A-phase contact was severely eroded, preventing the arc from self-extinguishing during tripping. After replacing the contact assembly, the equipment returned to normal. The system automatically archived all process data of this arc anomaly (light intensity curve, coil current curve, and protection action sequence) to the fault case library for subsequent optimization and iteration of the equipment condition assessment model and protection thresholds.

[0056] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Operation request access and multi-level authentication: The remote control terminal sends a circuit breaker operation request to the local control unit of the ring network cabinet. The account password verification, operation terminal hardware fingerprint verification, operator biometric verification and dynamic token verification are performed in sequence. After all are passed, the permission verification stage is entered. S2. Dynamic permission matching and verification: Based on the operator's level, current time period, equipment operating status and operation type, the authorization threshold for the current operation is calculated using the dynamic permission coefficient formula to determine whether the operator has the permission for this operation. S3. Equipment Status Pre-detection and Safety Index Calculation: Collect electrical parameters, mechanical status, environmental parameters and cabinet door status of the ring main unit, calculate the comprehensive safety index through the equipment safety status index formula, and refuse operation and report an alarm if the index is lower than the preset threshold. S4. Operational risk quantitative assessment: Based on equipment status, power grid conditions, operation history and environmental conditions, calculate the comprehensive risk value of this opening and closing operation using the operation risk assessment formula, and match the corresponding operation review process according to the risk level. S5. Command review and anti-misoperation interlock verification: Perform secondary content verification and electrical interlock condition determination on the operation command, verify the matching of the command with the current operating mode, and verify the interlock conditions of the grounding switch, cabinet door, and load side. The execution command is issued after all conditions are met. S6. Real-time monitoring and protection of the opening and closing process: During the opening and closing mechanism, the coil current, contact stroke, arc intensity and mechanism action time parameters are collected in real time. The abnormality is monitored in real time through the arc risk judgment formula and the mechanism abnormality judgment formula. When the protection threshold is triggered, the operation circuit is immediately cut off and the braking is started. S7. Operation result confirmation and full-link log storage: After the operation is completed, the feedback signal of the opening and closing position is collected to confirm the result, the data of the whole process is encrypted and stored, and an unalterable operation audit log is generated.

2. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for the dynamic permission coefficient in S2 is: In the formula, This is the current dynamic permission value; This represents the operator's inherent permission level, ranging from 1 to 10. This is a time-period correction factor: 1.0 for weekdays, 0.7 for nighttime hours, and 0.5 for holidays. This is the equipment status correction factor, with 1.0 for normal operation, 0.6 for abnormal warning, and 0 for fault status. The operation type correction factor is 1.0 for opening operation, 0.8 for closing operation, and 0.3 for forced unlocking operation; when It is determined that the user has the necessary permissions. The permission threshold for the corresponding operation type.

3. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for the equipment safety status index in S3 is: In the formula, S is the comprehensive safety index of the equipment, with a value ranging from 0 to 100. For electrical state sub-index; For institutional state sub-index, This is a sub-index of environmental state. This refers to the sub-index of the cabinet door and grounding status. Let be the weight coefficients of each sub-item, satisfying .

4. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electrical state sub-index The calculation formula is: In the formula, U is the current phase voltage. Rated voltage, This refers to the three-phase current imbalance. The current insulation resistance, The rated insulation resistance threshold. This is the penalty coefficient.

5. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational risk assessment formula in S4 is as follows: In the formula, R is the comprehensive operational risk value, which ranges from 0 to 100. As a component of equipment risk, , As a component of power grid risk, As a measure of historical operational risk, As an environmental risk component, The weights for each risk component.

6. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the comprehensive risk value, four risk levels are defined: It is low-risk and can be performed by a single person. The risk level is medium, and the procedure requires double review. This is a high-risk operation and requires authorization from the supervisor before execution. Due to the extremely high risk, remote operation is prohibited; operation must be conducted on-site.

7. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc risk determination formula in S6 is as follows: In the formula, The cumulative intensity of the arc light. For a moment The arc light sensor detects the light intensity value. The duration after the operation starts. This is the light intensity correction factor; when And duration If a dangerous arc flash is detected, the emergency disconnection protection of the opening and closing circuit will be immediately triggered.

8. The method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for determining mechanism anomalies in S6 is as follows: when or When this occurs, it is determined that the mechanism is malfunctioning. In the formula, This refers to the actual opening and closing time. For standard motion time, This represents the actual peak current of the coil. Standard peak current, The threshold for action time deviation. This is the peak current deviation threshold.

9. A method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, biometric verification uses facial recognition or fingerprint recognition, and the dynamic token uses a time-synchronized dynamic password that is updated every 30 seconds.

10. A method for remote opening and closing control and safety protection of an outdoor intelligent ring main unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation audit log in S7 is encrypted and stored using the national cryptographic algorithm SM4. The log content includes operator information, authentication records, status data, risk assessment results, execution process curves and operation results, supporting full-chain traceability auditing.

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