Drive device capable of driving various loads

Abstract

The application discloses a driving device capable of driving multiple loads, comprising a driving motor, a switching device and execution loads, the number of the execution loads is three or more, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the input shaft of the switching device, the switching device is provided with two output shafts and is defined as output shaft A and output shaft B respectively, the switching device is also equipped with a selected transmission device, the selected transmission device is provided with two input shafts and is defined as a switching input shaft and a power input shaft respectively, the switching input shaft and the power input shaft are connected with the output shaft A and the output shaft B respectively, the selected transmission device is also provided with a power output shaft corresponding to each execution load, and the single common driving motor can be combined with the switching coupling structure to realize the independent time-sharing driving of the three or more execution loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of motor drive mechanisms, and in particular to the technical field of single-motor multi-load coupling drive structures. Background Technology

[0002] In various devices such as biochemical analysis instruments, household fluid devices, and industrial fluid delivery systems, multiple actuators (including peristaltic pumps, water path switching devices, and valves) are typically required to collaboratively complete a series of actions such as fluid delivery, flow path switching, and pipeline on / off control. Currently, actuators generally adopt an independently driven configuration (i.e., a single drive motor drives only one actuator, and the torque output by the motor directly drives the load to complete the corresponding action), such as a peristaltic pump with easy pipe replacement (CN223075699U) and a new type of peristaltic pump (CN219911097U). In a few optimized transmission structures, a single motor can drive up to two actuators simultaneously, but it cannot achieve independent drive control of more loads, such as an automatic dispensing device and washing equipment (CN214529788U). In other words, in the existing technology, if the equipment needs to be configured with three or more actuators and each load needs to be driven independently, the number of drive motors must be increased accordingly, and the independent control of multiple motors is used to achieve separate drive of multiple loads.

[0003] The existing drive architecture has many unavoidable technical defects in practical applications. First, the hardware cost is high (the drive motor and its supporting drive circuit and power supply module are the core cost components of the system. The more loads there are, the more motors are required, which will directly lead to a significant increase in the overall material cost and assembly cost of the equipment). Second, the space occupancy rate is high (the arrangement of multiple motors requires sufficient space for installation and heat dissipation, which greatly increases the overall size of the equipment and seriously restricts the development of the equipment towards miniaturization, integration and portability). Third, the system control complexity is high (multi-motor drive systems require the design of independent drive control loops and position feedback units for each motor, which not only increases the design difficulty and wiring complexity of the electrical control system, but also increases the failure points of the system and reduces the overall reliability of the equipment operation).

[0004] In summary, existing multi-load drive technologies are limited by the design limitations of the transmission coupling structure, making it impossible to achieve independent time-sharing drive of three or more loads using a single motor. Furthermore, multi-motor configuration schemes suffer from numerous drawbacks such as high cost, large size, complex control, and insufficient reliability, which have become a technical bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and propose a drive device that can drive multiple loads. It can achieve independent time-sharing drive of three or more loads by using a single shared drive motor in conjunction with a switching coupling structure. This effectively reduces the hardware cost of multi-load drive systems, reduces the overall space occupied by the equipment, simplifies the design and control complexity of the electrical control system, and improves the overall reliability and integration level of the equipment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a drive device capable of driving multiple loads, including a drive motor, a switching device, and execution loads, wherein the number of execution loads is three or more. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the input shaft of the switching device. The switching device has two output shafts, which are defined as output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The switching device is also equipped with a gating transmission device, which has two input shafts, which are defined as a switching input shaft and a power input shaft, respectively. The switching input shaft and the power input shaft are connected to output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The gating transmission device also has a power output shaft corresponding to each execution load. When the drive motor rotates forward, it outputs power through output shaft A and drives the switching input shaft to rotate. The gating transmission device can perform a selection action when the switching input shaft rotates to switch the power input shaft to be coupled with different power output shafts. When the drive motor rotates in reverse, it outputs power through output shaft B and drives the power input shaft to rotate. When the power input shaft rotates, the gating transmission device can output rotational torque through the coupled power input shaft and power output shaft and drive the corresponding execution load to complete the preset working action. The gating transmission device does not re-execute the selection action.

[0007] Preferably, the selection transmission device includes an active coupling mechanism and a driven coupling mechanism. The driven coupling mechanism is configured to correspond one-to-one with the execution load. The switching input shaft and the power input shaft are both located on the active coupling mechanism, and the power output shaft is located on the driven coupling mechanism. When the drive motor rotates in the forward direction, it can switch the input shaft to make the active coupling mechanism displace and form a transmission coupling with any driven coupling mechanism; when the drive motor rotates in the reverse direction, it can use the power input shaft to make the coupled active coupling mechanism and driven coupling mechanism output rotational torque to drive the corresponding execution load to complete the preset working action, and the switching mechanism will no longer re-execute the position selection action.

[0008] Preferably, the drive motor can indirectly drive the active coupling mechanism to make circumferential displacement around the layout center through the switching mechanism during forward rotation until it completes coupling and positioning with the designated driven coupling mechanism; the drive motor can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism and the coupled active coupling mechanism and driven coupling mechanism step by step during reverse rotation and drive the corresponding execution load to complete the preset working action.

[0009] Preferably, the number of active coupling mechanisms and driven coupling mechanisms are the same and they remain relatively fixed and coupled. During forward rotation, the drive motor can drive the switching mechanism to perform circular motion and lifting displacement until the designated active coupling mechanism is lifted and the coupling position is completed. During reverse rotation, the drive motor can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism and the coupled active coupling mechanism and driven coupling mechanism step by step to drive the corresponding execution load to complete the preset working action.

[0010] Preferably, the driven coupling mechanism is a driven coupling gear, a driven coupling push rod, or a valve switching mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the load being executed is a load that can be driven by a motor, such as a peristaltic pump, a water circuit switching device, a valve, and a piston pump.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting mechanism is also included, which is used to restrict the active coupling mechanism from continuing to move along a specified path when the drive motor reverses, so that the active coupling mechanism maintains the coupling state between the switching mechanism and the selected driven coupling mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting mechanism consists of a spring pin and several limiting grooves. The spring pin is installed on the switching mechanism. Each driven coupling mechanism has a corresponding limiting groove on its side. After the switching mechanism drives the active coupling mechanism to complete the coupling selection, it can lock the position by inserting the spring pin into the corresponding limiting groove. The mating surface between the limiting groove and the spring pin adopts a sloping step structure so that the switching mechanism can only rotate in the positive direction.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) Single-motor shared architecture significantly reduces hardware costs: Existing multi-load drive solutions require independent configuration of drive motors, matching drive circuits, and power supply modules for each load. These core components increase with the number of loads, directly driving up equipment material and assembly costs. This device uses a single drive motor as a shared power source for all loads. Combined with a switching mechanism and coupling transmission structure, it can achieve time-sharing independent drive of multiple loads without the need to add motors and matching electrical control components with the number of loads, effectively reducing the number of core cost components in the system. In application scenarios with three or more loads, this architecture can significantly reduce the overall cost of material procurement, production assembly, and subsequent maintenance, demonstrating excellent mass production economy and cost advantages. 2) Integrated and compact layout, reducing overall equipment size: Traditional multi-motor drive solutions require independent installation space and heat dissipation gaps for each motor. The dispersed arrangement of multiple motors significantly occupies internal space, severely restricting the development of equipment towards miniaturization, integration, and portability. This device, through an integrated layout of star-shaped or linear arrangement, integrates the switching mechanism, active coupling mechanism, and multiple sets of execution loads into a compact transmission unit. Only the installation space of a single motor is needed to support the drive function of multiple loads, significantly reducing the overall size of the power system and the space required for heat dissipation. This structure is suitable for applications with high requirements for internal space utilization, such as biochemical analysis instruments and household fluid equipment, strongly supporting the miniaturization and portability design of the equipment. 3) Simplified electrical control system, improving overall machine reliability: Multi-motor drive architecture requires designing independent drive control loops and position feedback units for each motor, resulting in complex wiring and high design difficulty in the electrical control system. Furthermore, a large number of electrical nodes increases the probability of system failure and reduces equipment operational stability. This device only requires one drive control loop and position detection unit for a single drive motor, significantly simplifying the design complexity and wiring difficulty of the electrical control system, effectively reducing electrical fault nodes, and lowering the risk of electrical control system failure. Simultaneously, the control logic of a single power source is simpler, reducing the difficulty of program debugging and the probability of operational malfunctions, thus improving the overall long-term reliability and stability of the equipment and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. 4) Time-sharing independent drive with wide scenario adaptability: Existing single-motor optimization solutions can only drive two execution loads simultaneously at most, and cannot achieve independent control of three or more loads, making it difficult to meet the multi-action coordination requirements of complex fluid systems; This device, through time-sharing control logic of forward rotation for position selection and reverse rotation for power output, can achieve independent time-sharing drive of three or more execution loads by a single motor, with no interference between the start / stop and operating states of each load; At the same time, the execution loads can be flexibly selected from different types of fluid execution components such as peristaltic pumps, water circuit switching devices, and valves, and supports both star and linear layouts to adapt to different internal installation environments. It can be widely adapted to the multi-load drive requirements of various biochemical analysis, household fluid, and industrial conveying systems, and has strong versatility.

[0015] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device of the present invention that can drive multiple loads; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1; Figure 3 This is the front view of Embodiment 1; Figure 4 yes Figure 3MM-directed sectional view; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 when driving the No. 1 peristaltic pump; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water circuit switching device in Embodiment 1; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 when driving the No. 2 peristaltic pump; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the valve structure in Example 2; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 NN-direction cross-sectional view; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 3; Figure 11 This is the front view of Embodiment 3; Figure 12 This is the right view of Embodiment 3; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 4; Figure 14 This is the front view of Embodiment 4; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 4 when the left axis is detached.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Drive motor, 2-Switching mechanism, 21-Rotating shaft, 22-Driving gear, 23-First pawl, 24-First ratchet, 25-Connecting rod, 26-Annular guide rail, 27-Sliding sleeve, 28-Cam, 29-Worm gear, 3-Active coupling mechanism, 31-Active coupling gear, 32-Plug, 321-Drive ring, 322-Spring, 323-Spring seat, 324-Plug shaft, 4-Driven coupling mechanism, 41-Driven coupling gear, 42-Driven coupling push rod, 43-Valve switching mechanism, 44-Gear shaft, 5-Actuating load, 51-Peristaltic pump, 52-Water circuit switching device, 53-Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0018] See Figure 1The present invention provides a drive device capable of driving multiple loads, comprising a drive motor 1, a switching device 2, and three or more execution loads 5. The output shaft of the drive motor 1 is connected to the input shaft of the switching device 2. The switching device 2 has two output shafts, defined as output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The switching device 2 is also equipped with a gating transmission device, which has two input shafts, defined as a switching input shaft and a power input shaft, respectively. The switching input shaft and the power input shaft are connected to output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The gating transmission device is also configured to connect to each execution load. 5. A corresponding power output shaft; when the drive motor 1 rotates forward, it outputs power through output shaft A and drives the switching input shaft to rotate. The selection transmission device can perform a selection action when the switching input shaft rotates to switch the power input shaft to be coupled with different power output shafts; when the drive motor 1 rotates in reverse, it outputs power through output shaft B and drives the power input shaft to rotate. When the power input shaft rotates, the selection transmission device can output rotational torque through the coupled power input shaft and power output shaft and drive the corresponding execution load 5 to complete the preset working action. The selection transmission device will not re-execute the selection action.

[0019] The selection transmission device includes an active coupling mechanism 3 and a driven coupling mechanism 4. The driven coupling mechanism 4 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the execution load 5. The switching input shaft and the power input shaft are both located on the active coupling mechanism 3, and the power output shaft is located on the driven coupling mechanism 4. When the drive motor 1 rotates forward, it can use the switching input shaft to cause the active coupling mechanism 3 to generate displacement and form a transmission coupling with any of the driven coupling mechanisms 4. When the drive motor 1 rotates in reverse, it can use the power input shaft to cause the coupled active coupling mechanism 3 and driven coupling mechanism 4 to output rotational torque to drive the corresponding execution load 5 to complete the preset working action, and the switching mechanism 2 will not re-execute the selection action.

[0020] Example 1: See Figures 2 to 7 The overall layout is a star topology, and we take a load capacity of three as an example.

[0021] During forward rotation, the drive motor 1 can indirectly drive the active coupling mechanism 3 to make circumferential displacement around the layout center through the switching mechanism 2 until it completes coupling selection with the designated driven coupling mechanism 4; the drive motor 1 can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism 2 and the coupled active coupling mechanism 3 and driven coupling mechanism 4 step by step during reverse rotation and drive the corresponding execution load 5 to complete the preset working action.

[0022] The switching mechanism 2 includes a rotating shaft 21, a drive gear 22, a first pawl 23, a first ratchet 24, and a connecting rod 25. The rotating shaft 21 and the first ratchet 24 are an integral structure and are installed at the output end of the drive motor 1. The first pawl 23 and the connecting rod 25 are an integral structure and are sleeved on the rotating shaft 21. The first pawl 23 is embedded in the first ratchet 24. The drive motor 1 can drive the rotating shaft 21 and the first ratchet 24 to rotate, and the first ratchet 24 can only synchronously drive the first pawl 23 to rotate when rotating forward. The connecting rod 25 is fixed to the active coupling mechanism 3, and the drive gear 22 is coaxially arranged on the first ratchet 24.

[0023] The three execution loads 5 in this embodiment include two peristaltic pumps 51 (referred to as peristaltic pump No. 1 and peristaltic pump No. 2, respectively) and a water circuit switching device 52. The two peristaltic pumps 51 are each equipped with a driven coupling gear 41 as a driven coupling mechanism 4. The water circuit switching device 52 is equipped with a driven coupling push rod 42 as a driven coupling mechanism 4. The active coupling mechanism 3 is composed of a single active coupling gear 31 and is arranged in the annular channel formed by the active gear 22 and each execution load 5.

[0024] It also includes a limiting mechanism 6, which is used to limit the active coupling mechanism 3 from continuing to move along a specified path (continuing to make circumferential displacement around the layout center) when the drive motor 1 reverses, so that the active coupling mechanism 3 maintains the coupling state with the switching mechanism 2 and the selected driven coupling mechanism 4.

[0025] The limiting mechanism 6 consists of a spring pin 61 and three limiting grooves 62. The spring pin 61 is mounted on the switching mechanism 2. Each of the driven coupling mechanisms 4 has a corresponding limiting groove 62 on its side. After the driving active coupling mechanism 3 completes the coupling selection, the switching mechanism 2 can lock its position by inserting the spring pin 61 into the corresponding limiting groove 62. The mating surface between the limiting groove 62 and the spring pin 61 adopts a sloping step structure so that the switching mechanism 2 can only rotate in the positive direction.

[0026] The working process of this embodiment: Taking the No. 1 peristaltic pump as an example, firstly, the drive motor 1 rotates forward and drives the first pawl 23 to rotate forward through the rotating shaft 21. The first pawl 23, through the connecting rod 25, drives the active coupling gear 31 to revolve around the center point of the star-shaped layout (i.e., the center point of the active gear 22) in the positive direction until the active coupling gear 31 meshes with the driven coupling gear 41 corresponding to the No. 1 peristaltic pump (see...). Figure 5During this period, neither the first ratchet 24 nor the drive gear 22 rotates; subsequently, the drive motor 1 reverses and drives the first pawl 23 to reverse through the rotating shaft 21, while the first pawl 23 drives the drive gear 22 to reverse through the first ratchet 24, and the drive gear 22 can then drive the driven coupling gear 41 it meshes with to reverse through the active coupling gear 31, thereby making the first peristaltic pump run.

[0027] Furthermore, to drive the water circuit switching device 52 or the second peristaltic pump, the active coupling gear 31 can be engaged with the driven coupling push rod 42 corresponding to the water circuit switching device 52 (see [reference]). Figure 6 ) or the driven coupling gear 41 corresponding to the No. 2 peristaltic pump meshes (see Figure 7 ).

[0028] Example 2: See Figures 8 to 9 In this embodiment, one of the execution loads 5 is replaced with a valve 53, which is equipped with a valve switching mechanism 43 as a driven coupling mechanism 4. In this embodiment, the drive motor 1 can realize the opening and closing of the valve 53 through the valve switching mechanism 43.

[0029] Everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0030] Example 3: See Figures 10 to 12 The overall layout is a linear one.

[0031] The number of active coupling mechanisms 3 and driven coupling mechanisms 4 are the same and they remain relatively fixed and coupled. During forward rotation, the drive motor 1 can drive the switching mechanism 2 to perform circular motion and vertical displacement until the designated active coupling mechanism 3 is lifted and the coupling position is completed. During reverse rotation, the drive motor 1 can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism 2 and the coupled active coupling mechanism 3 and driven coupling mechanism 4 step by step to drive the corresponding execution load 5 to complete the preset working action.

[0032] The switching mechanism 2 includes a rotating shaft 21, a drive gear 22, a first pawl 23, a first ratchet 24, an annular guide rail 26, a sliding sleeve 27, and a push rod. The rotating shaft 21 is installed at the output end of the drive motor 1. The first pawl 23 and the sliding sleeve 27 are respectively fixed on the rotating shaft 21. The sliding sleeve 27 is also sleeved on the push rod. The push rod is arranged parallel to the rotating shaft 21 and its bottom end can slide along the guide surface of the annular guide rail 26. The drive gear 22 is coaxially arranged on the first ratchet 24.

[0033] The three execution loads 5 in this embodiment include three peristaltic pumps 51 (referred to as peristaltic pump No. 1, peristaltic pump No. 2, and peristaltic pump No. 3, respectively). Each of the three peristaltic pumps 51 is equipped with a driven coupling gear 41 as a driven coupling mechanism 4. The active coupling mechanism 3 is composed of three active coupling gears 31 that are arranged one-to-one with each execution load 5. Each active coupling gear 31 can move up and down along its own gear shaft.

[0034] Everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0035] The working process of this embodiment: Taking the No. 1 peristaltic pump as an example, firstly, the drive motor 1 rotates forward and drives the first pawl 23 and the sliding sleeve 27 to rotate forward through the rotating shaft 21. This causes the push rod to move linearly along the sliding sleeve 27 under the pushing action of the uneven guide plane of the annular guide rail 26, until the active coupling gear 31 corresponding to the No. 1 peristaltic pump is lifted (at this time, the active coupling gear 31 can mesh with the active gear 22, and can also mesh with the driven coupling gear 41 corresponding to the No. 1 peristaltic pump). During this period, neither the first ratchet 24 nor the active gear 22 rotates. Subsequently, when the drive motor 1 reverses, the first pawl 23 can drive the active gear 22 to reverse through the first ratchet 24, so that the active gear 22 drives the driven coupling gear 41 meshed with the lifted active coupling gear 31 to reverse, thereby making the No. 1 peristaltic pump run.

[0036] Example 4: See Figures 13 to 15 The switching mechanism 2 includes a drive gear 22, a first pawl 23, a first ratchet 24, a cam 28, a camshaft, a worm gear 29, a worm, a second pawl, and a second ratchet. The drive gear 22 and the first ratchet 24 are an integral structure. The worm is mounted on the output end of the drive motor 1 and is integrally provided with the first pawl 23. The first pawl 23 is embedded in the first ratchet 24 and can only synchronously drive the first ratchet 24 to rotate when rotating in reverse. The worm meshes with the worm gear 29. The worm gear 29 and the second ratchet are an integral structure. The second pawl is embedded in the second ratchet. The camshaft and the second pawl are an integral structure. The cam 28 is sleeved outside the camshaft. The second ratchet can only synchronously drive the second pawl to rotate when rotating in the forward direction.

[0037] In this embodiment, four execution loads 5 are used as an example. Each execution load 5 is equipped with a driven coupling gear 41 with a gear shaft 44 as a driven coupling mechanism 4. The corresponding gear shaft 44 and driven coupling gear 41 can rotate relative to each other. The active coupling mechanism 3 is a plug rod 32 disposed between the driven coupling gear 41 and the cam 28. The plug rod 32 includes a drive ring 321, a spring 322, a spring seat 323 and a plug rod shaft 324. The drive ring 321 is sleeved outside the gear shaft 44 and cannot rotate relative to the gear shaft 44. When the cam 28 rotates to a specified position, it can drive the drive ring 32 to press tightly against the driven coupling gear 41 through the plug rod shaft 324. The spring 322 is disposed between the drive ring 321 and the spring seat 323 and can drive the drive ring 321 away from the driven coupling gear 41 by elastic force after the cam 28 rotates open.

[0038] Everything else is the same as in Example 3.

[0039] The working process of this embodiment: Taking the drive of the left 1st shaft as an example, firstly, the drive motor 1 rotates forward, driving the worm wheel 29 and the second ratchet to rotate forward through the worm gear. This, in turn, drives the cam 28 to rotate through the second pawl and the camshaft until the protruding part of the cam 28 reaches the designated position and drives the insert rod 32 forward. At this time, the drive ring 321 is in close contact with the driven coupling gear 41. In addition, the protruding parts of the other three cams 28 do not engage with the corresponding insert rods 32 (remaining in a disengaged state), and the worm gear, due to the ratchet and pawl structure at its front end, does not transmit power to the drive gear 22. Subsequently, when the drive motor 1 reverses, the worm gear drives the first ratchet 24 and the rotating shaft 21 to rotate through the first pawl 23, thereby driving the driven coupling gear 41 to rotate through the drive gear 22. The driven coupling gear 41 can then drive the gear shaft 44 to rotate through the drive ring 32. Similarly, the camshaft, due to the ratchet and pawl structure on its shaft, does not transmit power to the cam 28. Furthermore, since the other three driven coupling gears 41 can rotate relative to their corresponding gear shafts 4, they will not output power to their corresponding gear shafts 44 even when rotating.

[0040] The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive device capable of driving multiple loads, characterized in that: The device includes a drive motor (1), a switching device (2), and an execution load (5). The number of execution loads (5) is three or more. The output shaft of the drive motor (1) is connected to the input shaft of the switching device (2). The switching device (2) has two output shafts, which are defined as output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The switching device (2) is also equipped with a gate transmission device. The gate transmission device has two input shafts, which are defined as switching input shaft and power input shaft, respectively. The switching input shaft and power input shaft are connected to output shaft A and output shaft B, respectively. The gate transmission device also has a power output shaft that corresponds one-to-one with each execution load (5). When the drive motor (1) rotates forward, it outputs power through the output shaft A and drives the switching input shaft to rotate. The selection transmission device can perform a selection action when the switching input shaft rotates to switch the power input shaft to be coupled with different power output shafts. When the drive motor (1) rotates in reverse, it outputs power through the output shaft B and drives the power input shaft to rotate. When the power input shaft rotates, the selection transmission device can output rotational torque through the coupled power input shaft and power output shaft and drive the corresponding execution load (5) to complete the preset working action. The selection transmission device will not re-execute the selection action.

2. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The selector transmission device includes an active coupling mechanism (3) and a driven coupling mechanism (4). The driven coupling mechanism (4) is configured to correspond one-to-one with the execution load (5). The switching input shaft and the power input shaft are both located on the active coupling mechanism (3), and the power output shaft is located on the driven coupling mechanism (4). When the drive motor (1) rotates in the forward direction, it can switch the input shaft to make the active coupling mechanism (3) generate displacement and form a transmission coupling with any driven coupling mechanism (4); when the drive motor (1) rotates in the reverse direction, it can use the power input shaft to make the coupled active coupling mechanism (3) and driven coupling mechanism (4) output rotational torque to drive the corresponding execution load (5) to complete the preset working action, and the switching mechanism (2) will no longer re-execute the position selection action.

3. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The drive motor (1) can indirectly drive the active coupling mechanism (3) to make circumferential displacement around the layout center through the switching mechanism (2) during forward rotation until it completes the coupling selection with the designated driven coupling mechanism (4); the drive motor (1) can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism (2) and the coupled active coupling mechanism (3) and driven coupling mechanism (4) step by step during reverse rotation and drive the corresponding execution load (5) to complete the preset working action.

4. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The number of active coupling mechanism (3) and driven coupling mechanism (4) are the same and they remain relatively fixed and coupled. The drive motor (1) can drive the switching mechanism (2) to make circular motion and lift displacement during forward rotation until the designated active coupling mechanism (3) is lifted and the coupling position is completed. The drive motor (1) can also transmit the rotational torque through the switching mechanism (2) and the coupled active coupling mechanism (3) and driven coupling mechanism (4) step by step during reverse rotation and drive the corresponding execution load (5) to complete the preset working action.

5. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The driven coupling mechanism (4) is a driven coupling gear (41), a driven coupling push rod (42), or a valve switching mechanism (43).

6. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that: The execution load (5) is a load that can be driven by a motor.

7. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting mechanism, which is used to limit the active coupling mechanism (3) from continuing to move along a specified path when the drive motor (1) reverses so that the active coupling mechanism (3) maintains the coupling state between the switching mechanism (2) and the selected driven coupling mechanism (4).

8. The drive device capable of driving multiple loads as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism consists of a spring pin and several limiting grooves. The spring pin is installed on the switching mechanism (2). Each of the driven coupling mechanisms (4) has a corresponding limiting groove on its side. After the driving active coupling mechanism (3) completes the coupling selection, the switching mechanism (2) can lock the position by inserting the spring pin into the corresponding limiting groove. The mating surface between the limiting groove and the spring pin adopts a sloping step structure so that the switching mechanism (2) can only rotate in the positive direction.

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