A phase change dynamic device and dynamic multiplexing method for time-coordinated multi-point discharge

Abstract

The application provides a phase change power device and a dynamic multiplexing method for timing cooperative multi-point discharge, and the phase change power device comprises: a charging machine, a high-voltage pulse discharge machine, a multiplexable electric excitation head comprising two or more electrodes, the electrodes discharge in sequence from inside to outside, and a plasma channel forms a dynamic migration path between different electrodes, a carbon dioxide phase change tube provided with a chamber for containing liquid carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide storage tank and a carbon dioxide liquid charging device for supplementing liquid carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide phase change tube, and a comprehensive control module electrically connected with the charging machine, the high-voltage pulse discharge machine and the carbon dioxide liquid charging device. Through the cooperation of the electrodes and the discharge timing sequence, the plasma channel dynamically migrates and the energy is dispersed to a larger phase change area, the electrode ablation rate per unit area is effectively reduced, the service life of the electrode is greatly improved, and the cost of each excitation is only the electricity cost without the replacement cost of parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power propulsion technology, and more specifically, to a phase change power device and dynamic reuse method for time-coordinated multi-point discharge. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide phase change propulsion technology is a physical propulsion technology that utilizes the rapid vaporization and expansion of liquid carbon dioxide upon thermal excitation to perform work. It boasts significant advantages such as high energy density, a clean working process, no open flame, and high safety, making it promising for applications in forest fire fighting and emergency rescue. The working principle is as follows: liquid carbon dioxide is sealed in a phase change container. External energy input causes the liquid carbon dioxide to vaporize instantaneously, rapidly expanding its volume hundreds of times, generating high-pressure gas that propels and excites a load.

[0003] Currently, the energy input methods for liquid carbon dioxide phase change excitation mainly fall into two categories: chemical heating and electric heating. Chemical heating involves igniting a heating agent with an electric fuse, using the heat released from combustion to heat the liquid carbon dioxide and vaporize it. This method meets the requirement for rapid excitation, but the heating agent is a disposable consumable that needs to be replaced after each excitation, resulting in poor serviceability and rapid response. Electric heating uses an electric heating rod to preheat the liquid carbon dioxide to a supercritical state before igniting the combustion gas for excitation, or uses an electric heating structure to directly heat the liquid carbon dioxide for excitation. Electric heating methods suffer from numerous components, complex excitation processes, and reliance on consumables. Furthermore, electric heating methods are limited by heat transfer efficiency, making it difficult to achieve millisecond-level rapid excitation, which is insufficient for applications requiring rapid response.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN115405438A discloses a power device and its operating method that combines carbon dioxide phase change. The device includes a liquid carbon dioxide storage chamber, a gas generation chamber, and a mounting connection. The liquid carbon dioxide storage chamber is installed within the gas generation chamber, which is in turn installed within the mounting connection. The liquid carbon dioxide storage chamber contains a heating device and stores liquid carbon dioxide. The gas generation chamber contains a propellant and an ignition device. One end of the mounting connection has an opening. This patent employs a combination of gas and liquid carbon dioxide, effectively reducing the heat generated by the gas while rapidly raising the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide. It achieves propulsion effectively with less liquid carbon dioxide and a smaller propellant charge. However, the electric heating rate in this patent is relatively slow, relying primarily on gas combustion for the main heat source, and the overall process still involves a chemical reaction. Simple resistance heating is limited by the low thermal conductivity of liquid carbon dioxide, resulting in a slow heating rate that typically takes several seconds or even tens of seconds to complete the phase change, making it difficult to meet the requirements for rapid response. In addition, after a single excitation, the device needs to be disassembled to replenish the propellant, which makes it impossible to continuously drive the load and affects the driving efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide phase change power device with fast response speed, high energy conversion efficiency, controllable cost, and the ability to achieve continuous propulsion in a short time.

[0006] This invention discloses a phase change power device for time-coordinated multi-point discharge, comprising:

[0007] Charger;

[0008] A high-voltage pulse discharger, one end of which is connected to the charger, and the other end of which is connected to a reusable electric excitation head via a power distribution module;

[0009] A reusable electroexcitation head, one end of which is connected to the high-voltage pulse discharge machine, and the other end of which extends into a carbon dioxide phase change tube; the reusable electroexcitation head includes two or more electrodes arranged radially in sequence, and the two or more electrodes discharge sequentially from the inside to the outside, so that the plasma channel forms a dynamic migration path from the inside to the outside between different electrodes;

[0010] A carbon dioxide phase change tube, wherein the interior of the carbon dioxide phase change tube is provided with a chamber for containing liquid carbon dioxide, and the end of the carbon dioxide phase change tube away from the reusable electro-excitation head is connected to the cylinder through a valve;

[0011] A carbon dioxide storage tank and a carbon dioxide filling device, wherein one end of the carbon dioxide filling device is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank and the other end of the carbon dioxide filling device is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube, for replenishing liquid carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide phase change tube;

[0012] The integrated control module is electrically connected to the charger, the high-voltage pulse discharger, and the carbon dioxide filling device.

[0013] Furthermore, the reusable electroexcitation head includes a central needle electrode, an inner ring electrode, and an outer ring electrode, wherein the central needle electrode, the inner ring electrode, and the outer ring electrode are coaxially arranged and insulated from each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the central needle electrode is made of tungsten-copper alloy, the inner ring electrode is made of molybdenum alloy, and the outer ring electrode is made of tungsten alloy.

[0015] Furthermore, the high-voltage pulse discharger comprises two units, including a first high-voltage pulse discharger and a second high-voltage pulse discharger, which are connected in parallel and both are connected to the charger. The power distribution module includes a high-voltage electronic switch array and a timing controller. The input terminals of the high-voltage electronic switch array are connected to both the first and second high-voltage pulse dischargers, and the output terminals are connected to several reusable electro-excitation heads. The timing controller is communicatively connected to the integrated control module. The integrated control module controls the first and second high-voltage pulse dischargers to operate alternately. When the first high-voltage pulse discharger discharges, the second high-voltage pulse discharger is in a charging state, and vice versa.

[0016] Furthermore, the charger adopts a PWM dynamic charging strategy, charging the energy storage capacitor of the other high-voltage pulse discharger at twice the rated power when one of the high-voltage pulse dischargers is discharging.

[0017] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide filling device includes a filling pipeline, a filling distribution valve, a filling pump, and a filling meter; one end of the filling pipeline is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, and the other end of the filling pipeline is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube through the filling distribution valve; the filling pump is installed on the filling pipeline and is used to pump liquid carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide storage tank to the carbon dioxide phase change tube; the filling meter is installed on the filling pipeline; the integrated control module is electrically connected to the filling distribution valve, the filling pump, and the filling meter respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide filling device also includes a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor, and a buffer recovery chamber; one end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube, and the other end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the buffer recovery chamber; the pressure sensor is mounted on the carbon dioxide phase change tube; the integrated control module is electrically connected to the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor respectively, and the integrated control module can receive the detection value of the pressure sensor and open or close the pressure relief valve according to the detection value.

[0019] This invention also discloses a dynamic reuse method for a phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge. The dynamic reuse method is applied to the aforementioned phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge and includes the following steps:

[0020] After excitation is completed, the pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube and feeds the pressure signal back to the integrated control module;

[0021] The integrated control module determines whether the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube is greater than the filling safety threshold. If the pressure is greater than the filling safety threshold, it controls the pressure relief valve to open and discharge the residual gaseous carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide phase change tube to the buffer recovery chamber.

[0022] When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube drops below the filling safety threshold, the integrated control module controls the pressure relief valve to close and controls the filling distribution valve to open, while simultaneously controlling the filling pump to start. The moment the filling pump starts, a negative pressure suction effect is formed, guiding the residual gaseous carbon dioxide to be discharged in a directional manner, and then liquid carbon dioxide is replenished into the carbon dioxide phase change tube.

[0023] The liquid filling meter measures the amount of liquid carbon dioxide being filled into the carbon dioxide phase change tube in real time. When the set filling amount is reached, the integrated control module controls the liquid filling distribution valve to close.

[0024] Start the reusable electrical excitation head to complete the reusable drive excitation.

[0025] Furthermore, the multiplexing method includes a simultaneous push control mode, which includes:

[0026] The integrated control module controls the charger to exchange energy with the energy storage capacitors of the first high-voltage pulse discharger and the second high-voltage pulse discharger using a PWM dynamic charging strategy.

[0027] At the first time point, the first high-voltage pulse discharger is controlled to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head through the power distribution module, thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the first carbon dioxide phase change tube to generate high-pressure gas to drive the first load;

[0028] At the second time point, the second high-voltage pulse discharger is controlled to discharge to the second reusable electric excitation head through the power distribution module, thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the second carbon dioxide phase change tube to generate high-pressure gas to drive the second load.

[0029] The time interval between the first time point and the second time point is less than 100ms.

[0030] Furthermore, the reuse method includes an in-situ continuous drive control mode, which includes:

[0031] The integrated control module controls the high-voltage pulse discharger to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head through the power distribution module, completing the first push;

[0032] Then, the depressurization and liquid replenishment steps are performed to complete the depressurization and liquid replenishment of the carbon dioxide phase change tube;

[0033] After the fluid replenishment is completed, the integrated control module controls the high-voltage pulse discharger to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head again through the power distribution module to complete the second push;

[0034] The two pushes are completed at the same position, and the interval between the two pushes is less than 2 seconds.

[0035] Compared with existing technologies, the phase change power device and dynamic multiplexing method of time-coordinated multi-point discharge described in this invention have the following advantages:

[0036] 1. This invention provides instantaneous high-power electrical energy input to the reusable electrical excitation head through a high-voltage pulse discharger, which greatly improves the discharge power and can release hundreds of kilojoules of energy on a millisecond timescale, thus meeting the strict timeliness requirements of application scenarios.

[0037] 2. The reusable electric excitation head is adopted, and the next excitation can be started without replacing parts after one excitation. Through the combination of concentric multi-ring electrode structure and time-controlled discharge sequence, the plasma channel can be dynamically migrated and energy can be dispersed to a larger phase transition region, which effectively reduces the electrode ablation rate per unit area and greatly improves the service life of the electrode. Moreover, the cost of each excitation is only the electricity cost and there is no cost of replacing parts, which significantly improves economy, serviceability and rapid response.

[0038] 3. By controlling the sequential discharge between the central needle electrode, inner ring electrode, and outer ring electrode, the plasma channel dynamically migrates from the inside to the outside. Energy diffuses to the surrounding liquid carbon dioxide medium in the form of spherical waves, effectively avoiding the problem of energy concentration in a single channel caused by the plasma self-shielding effect. This increases the energy utilization rate from less than 30% in the current single-point discharge to more than 60%, resulting in a greater phase change driving force under the same electrical energy input.

[0039] 4. The working fluid circulation supply chain consisting of a carbon dioxide storage tank and a carbon dioxide filling device, together with a pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve, enables rapid replenishment and accurate metering of liquid carbon dioxide, which greatly shortens the time interval of continuous excitation and ensures the stability of excitation conditions during continuous excitation.

[0040] 5. By setting up one charger to correspond to two or more high-voltage pulse dischargers and their dynamic charging strategies, it is possible to drive multiple reusable electric excitation heads to continuously discharge in a short period of time, which significantly improves the simultaneous push capability of the phase change power device. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder and the carbon dioxide phase change tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture for dynamic reuse of the phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reusable excitation head described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of high-voltage pulse direction-induced carbon dioxide phase transition as described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a topology timing diagram of the charging circuit described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] 1. Charger; 2. High-voltage pulse discharger; 21. Power distribution module; 3. Reusable electro-excitation head; 31. Center needle electrode; 32. Inner ring electrode; 33. Outer ring electrode; 4. Carbon dioxide phase change tube; 41. Carbon dioxide filling tube; 42. Valve; 5. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 6. Carbon dioxide filling device; 61. Filling pipeline; 62. Filling distribution valve; 7. Integrated control module; 8. Load; 9. Cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0050] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a phase change power device and dynamic reuse method for time-coordinated multi-point discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The phase change power device for time-coordinated multi-point discharge provided by the present invention includes a charger 1, a high-voltage pulse discharger 2, a reusable electro-excitation head 3, a carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, a carbon dioxide storage tank 5, a carbon dioxide filling device 6, and an integrated control module 7. One end of the charger 1 is connected to the power grid, and the other end is connected to the high-voltage pulse discharger 2 for charging the energy storage module in the high-voltage pulse discharger 2. There are two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2. The charger 1 adopts a PWM dynamic charging strategy, and when one of the high-voltage pulse dischargers 2 discharges, it provides emergency energy replenishment to the energy storage capacitor of the other high-voltage pulse discharger 2 at twice the rated power.

[0053] One end of the high-voltage pulse discharger 2 is connected to the charger 1, and the other end is connected to the reusable electric excitation head 3 through the power distribution module 21, for providing high-power electrical energy to the reusable electric excitation head 3. There are two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2, which are connected in parallel and operate alternately under continuous excitation conditions to achieve continuous power supply, thereby enabling continuous excitation of the load. The power distribution module 21 includes a high-voltage electronic switch array and a timing controller. The power distribution module 21 can switch the output of any high-voltage pulse discharger 2 to the designated reusable electric excitation head 3 according to the instructions of the integrated control module 7.

[0054] One end of the reusable electrical excitation head 3 is connected to the high-voltage pulse discharge machine 2, and the other end extends into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4. It is used to convert high-voltage pulse electrical energy into internal energy, thereby exciting the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 to undergo a phase change. In this example, the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 is a device for the phase change of liquid carbon dioxide. After the phase change, it performs work on the load 8 in the cylinder 9, thereby driving and exciting the load 8.

[0055] Liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 5. The carbon dioxide storage tank 5 is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 via a carbon dioxide filling device 6, which is used to fill the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 with liquid carbon dioxide. Optionally, the carbon dioxide storage tank 5 has heat preservation and pressure maintenance capabilities, which can maintain the liquid carbon dioxide in it at a critical pressure above 7.38 MPa. One end of the carbon dioxide filling device 6 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 5, and the other end is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 via a filling pipeline 61 and a filling distribution valve 62, which is used to fill the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 with liquid carbon dioxide and to accurately measure and control the filling amount. The integrated control module 7 is electrically connected to the charger 1, the high-voltage pulse discharger 2, and the carbon dioxide filling device 6, respectively. The integrated control module 7 can receive status signals and send control signals to realize filling, excitation control, and status monitoring.

[0056] In the above technical solution, the high-voltage pulse discharger 2 provides instantaneous high-power electrical energy to the reusable electric excitation head 3 to achieve millisecond-level rapid excitation; then, the liquid carbon dioxide can be repeatedly replenished through the carbon dioxide storage tank 5 and the filling device 6; the integrated control module 7 realizes filling, excitation and monitoring, forming a complete excitation-propulsion cycle of excitation, propulsion, replenishment and re-excitation, which solves the problem that the existing technology cannot repeatedly excite and continuously propel.

[0057] like Figure 4As shown, the reusable electroexcitation head 3 has a concentric multi-ring electrode structure, including a central needle electrode 31, an inner ring electrode 32, and an outer ring electrode 33. All three electrodes are ring-shaped, coaxial, and mutually insulated. When a load needs to be excited, the integrated control module 7 controls the central needle electrode 31, inner ring electrode 32, and outer ring electrode 33 to discharge sequentially according to a preset timing sequence. For example, the central needle electrode 31 discharges at a first preset time point, followed by a second preset time delay, then the inner ring electrode 32 discharges, and finally, after a third preset time delay, the outer ring electrode 33 discharges. As a specific example, a high-voltage pulse is applied to the central needle electrode 31 at t=0ns, breaking down the liquid carbon dioxide to form an initial plasma channel; the inner ring electrode 32 discharges between t=50ns and 100ns (the second preset time is 50ns to 100ns), causing the channel to expand radially; the outer ring electrode 33 discharges between t=100ns and 200ns (the third preset time is 50ns to 100ns), forming a complete spherical wave energy distribution. It should be noted that the above delay time intervals are only examples; the specific time intervals can be calculated based on the plasma channel expansion speed and electrode spacing to ensure that the electrode discharges precisely when the channel expands to the corresponding electrode region. Through the sequential discharge settings of the central needle electrode 31, inner ring electrode 32, and outer ring electrode 33, the plasma channel dynamically migrates from the center to the outside, with energy spreading in a spherical wave pattern, avoiding the self-shielding effect of plasma in a single channel. Experimental verification shows that this structure can increase energy utilization from less than 30% to more than 60%, change electrode ablation from localized concentration to uniform distribution, and increase electrode lifespan from less than 10 cycles to more than 100 cycles, significantly improving electrode lifespan and thus facilitating the reuse of phase change power devices. It should be noted that the reusable electroexcitation head 3 can also include 2, 4, 5, or even more electrodes; those skilled in the art can configure it according to specific needs, and this is not limited here.

[0058] As one optional example, the central needle electrode 31 has a diameter of 3 mm and is made of tungsten-copper alloy; the inner ring electrode 32 has a diameter of 24 mm and is made of molybdenum alloy; and the outer ring electrode 33 has a diameter of 44 mm and is made of tungsten alloy. These three electrodes are coaxially arranged and insulated from each other. During the discharge process, the central needle electrode 31 is responsible for breaking down liquid carbon dioxide to form the initial plasma channel. The tungsten-copper alloy possesses good electrical conductivity, a high melting point, and high thermal conductivity. Its good electrical conductivity allows it to efficiently conduct current and form a strong electric field at the tip. Furthermore, at the moment of breakdown, arc spots easily form on the electrode surface. The arc density of these spots is extremely high, causing a rapid increase in electrode temperature. The high melting point and high thermal conductivity of the tungsten-copper alloy enable it to quickly dissipate heat while establishing the breakdown electric field and maintaining the structural integrity of the electrode. The tungsten and copper in the molybdenum alloy enable the central needle electrode 31 to reliably trigger discharge and effectively control local ablation during the most demanding initial breakdown, ensuring the electrode's service life. The inner ring electrode 32 is responsible for channel expansion. After the central needle electrode 31 breaks down, it discharges with a delay, causing the plasma channel to expand radially. While its electric field strength is lower than that of the central needle electrode 31, the thermal effect of the arc is significant. During the channel expansion phase, discharge energy transfers from the central needle electrode 31 to the inner ring electrode 32, and the electrode surface undergoes rapid heating and cooling cycles. The molybdenum alloy's heat resistance... The vibration characteristics enable it to maintain the geometry and surface state of the electrode during this dynamic thermal cycle, avoiding damage due to thermal fatigue. Furthermore, the excellent conductivity of molybdenum itself ensures efficient current conduction during discharge. The outer ring electrode 33 is responsible for energy homogenization, performing a delayed discharge after the inner ring electrode 32 discharges, allowing the plasma channel to expand further outwards, forming a complete spherical wave energy distribution. The outer ring electrode 33 is the final stage of discharge, bearing the residual energy diffused to the outermost layer after the first two stages of discharge. It has the largest arc area and the longest duration during this stage. The electrode material faces the effects of large-area, continuous electric arc heat. Tungsten alloy has a higher melting point than tungsten-copper alloy and molybdenum alloy, and has excellent ablation resistance. It can provide maximum ablation resistance during the outermost energy homogenization stage, ensuring that the entire reusable electric excitation head 3 can maintain the integrity of the electrode structure and the stability of the discharge performance after multiple repeated discharges. By setting the above three electrode materials with different materials, it is possible to maintain the integrity of the reusable electric excitation head 3 structure and the stability of its performance after multiple repeated discharges, which helps to realize the repeated excitation of the phase change power device.

[0059] like Figure 6As shown, there are two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2, namely a first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A and a second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B, both of which are connected to the charger 1. The input terminals of the high-voltage electronic switch array of the power distribution module 21 are respectively connected to the two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2, and the output terminals are connected to several (one or more) reusable electro-excitation heads 3. The timing controller is communicatively connected to the integrated control module 7. The integrated control module 7 controls the two dischargers to work alternately through a phase-locking strategy: when the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A discharges, the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B is in the charging window, and when the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B discharges, the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A is in the charging window. The charger 1 adopts a PWM dynamic charging strategy, which provides emergency power replenishment to the energy storage capacitor of the other high-voltage pulse discharger 2 at twice the rated power at the instant one of the high-voltage pulse dischargers 2 discharges. In existing technologies, charging the energy storage capacitor of a single high-voltage pulse discharger 2 takes 5-10 seconds, while the simultaneous push requires an interval of less than 100ms. In this example, by using one charger 1 in conjunction with two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2, and employing a time-sharing charging-discharging topology of "one charge, two discharges," the time interval for simultaneous push can be met with only the addition of one high-voltage pulse discharger 2. This example resolves the contradiction between charging time and the simultaneous push time interval window in existing technologies through the alternating operation of the two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2 and dynamic PWM charging. Through the above setup, the increase in volume of the phase change power device is less than 40%, the increase in cost is less than 50%, and the simultaneous push capability is improved by 100%, significantly enhancing the driving excitation efficiency. Furthermore, this example achieves dynamic power allocation through PWM pulse width modulation without changing the rated power of the charger 1. By utilizing the time difference between the discharge of one high-voltage pulse discharger 2 and the charging window of the other high-voltage pulse discharger 2, power peak allocation is achieved through rapid switching of power electronic switches, solving the power matching problem between insufficient power of a single charger 1 and alternating power supply of two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2. By setting PWM pulse width modulation, the two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2 are alternately in the discharge and charging states, realizing the cyclic charging of the two discharge power supplies by a single charging source, and realizing the circuit topology of time-division multiplexing and energy peak shifting of the two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2.

[0060] like Figure 2As shown, the carbon dioxide filling device 6 includes a filling pipeline 61, a filling distribution valve 62, a filling pump, and a filling meter. One end of the filling pipeline 61 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 5, and the other end of the filling pipeline 61 is connected to the carbon dioxide filling pipe 41 on the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 through the filling distribution valve 62. The filling pump is installed on the filling pipeline 61 and is used to pump the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 5 into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4. The filling meter is installed on the filling pipeline 61. The integrated control module 7 is electrically connected to the filling distribution valve 62, the filling pump, and the filling meter, respectively. With the above setup, after excitation, liquid carbon dioxide is pumped from the carbon dioxide storage tank 5 through the filling pipeline 61 and the carbon dioxide filling pipe 41 to the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 via the filling pump. The filling meter measures the filling volume in real time during the transportation process and feeds the signal back to the integrated control module 7. The integrated control module 7 controls the filling distribution valve 62 to close when the set filling volume is reached, achieving automatic replenishment and precise measurement of liquid carbon dioxide after each excitation, thus ensuring repeated excitation of the reusable electric excitation head 3. This setup allows for repeated excitation without replacing parts, significantly improving excitation efficiency.

[0061] As a preferred example, the carbon dioxide filling device 6 further includes a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor, and a buffer recovery chamber; one end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, and the other end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the buffer recovery chamber; the pressure sensor is disposed on the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4; the integrated control module 7 is electrically connected to the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor respectively, and the integrated control module 7 can receive the detection value of the pressure sensor and open or close the pressure relief valve according to the detection value. It should be noted that after the initial excitation, some high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide will remain in the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, with a pressure typically reaching several megapascals. If the filling distribution valve 62 is opened directly for secondary filling, the residual gas will occupy a certain volume in the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, forming a compressible air cushion. This air cushion will cause inaccurate readings in the filling meter (error greater than 15%), affecting the accuracy of the excitation conditions. Furthermore, during the next excitation, the discharge energy is first used to compress this air cushion rather than to heat the liquid working medium, resulting in severe attenuation of excitation energy (excitation efficiency decreases by more than 40%), affecting the driving excitation effect. In addition, when the filling pump injects high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, the air cushion may collapse after being compressed to its limit, generating a local impact pressure of tens of megapascals, which is sufficient to damage the filling pipeline 61 and the sealing structure (damage rate of about 8%). In this example, the pressure sensor detects the internal pressure of the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 in real time and feeds it back to the integrated control module 7. When the pressure is higher than the filling safety threshold, the integrated control module 7 controls the pressure relief valve to open, directing the residual gaseous carbon dioxide into the buffer recovery chamber. The filling process is then restarted after the pressure drops below the threshold, thus cutting off the conditions for air cushion formation. The opening and closing of the pressure relief valve and the filling distribution valve 62 are coordinated and controlled by the integrated control module 7. If pressure relief is not completed, the filling distribution valve 62 cannot open; during filling, the pressure relief valve remains closed. This setup ensures that the pressure relief and filling processes do not interfere with each other. This configuration results in a filling metering error of less than 2% for the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4, negligible excitation efficiency decay, and a liquid hammer damage rate reduced to 0%, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of continuous excitation.

[0062] The pressure relief and liquid filling control process is as follows: After excitation, the pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 and feeds it back to the integrated control module 7. The integrated control module 7 determines whether the pressure is greater than the liquid filling safety threshold (preferably 5 MPa). If it is greater, the pressure relief valve is opened, and the residual gaseous carbon dioxide is directionally discharged to the buffer recovery chamber at a rate of 2 MPa / s to 5 MPa / s. When the pressure drops below the threshold, the integrated control module 7 closes the pressure relief valve, opens the liquid filling distribution valve 62, and starts the liquid filling pump. The liquid filling pump creates a negative pressure suction effect at the moment of startup, guiding the residual gaseous carbon dioxide to be directionally discharged. The liquid filling pump fills the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 with liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid filling meter measures in real time. After the set liquid filling amount is reached, the liquid filling distribution valve 62 is closed.

[0063] Specifically, the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 is connected to the cylinder 9 via valve 42, and a load 8 is placed inside the cylinder 9. Valve 42 is electrically connected to the integrated control module 7. When the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 reaches the work threshold, the integrated control module 7 controls valve 42 to open, allowing high-pressure gas to enter the cylinder 9 from the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 through valve 42, thus driving the load 8. In this example, the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor. Valve 42 is only opened by the integrated control module 7 when the pressure reaches the work threshold, ensuring that the high-pressure gas can be released instantaneously into the cylinder 9 at sufficient pressure to drive the load 8. Valve 42 remains closed during filling and depressurization, isolating the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 from the cylinder 9 and preventing the impact of filling and depressurization operations on the environment inside the load 8 or cylinder 9.

[0064] By configuring the aforementioned phase change power device, it can achieve simultaneous pushing or continuous in-situ pushing. The specific working method is as follows:

[0065] Simultaneous Push Mode: The integrated control module 7 receives the simultaneous push command and controls the charger 1 to transfer energy to the two high-voltage pulse dischargers 2 using a PWM strategy. For example, at t=50ms, the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A is controlled to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head 3A through the power distribution module 21, stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the first carbon dioxide phase change tube 4A and pushing the first load out. At t=100ms, the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B is controlled to discharge to the second reusable electric excitation head 3B, completing the second load push, with an interval of 50ms. Before the simultaneous push, each carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 has completed pre-filling, involving only power replenishment. When there is also a third reusable electric excitation head 3C, at t=150ms, the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A is controlled to discharge to the third reusable electric excitation head 3C through the power distribution module 21, stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the third carbon dioxide phase change tube 4C and pushing the third load out. Among them, "simultaneous push" means that after one load 8 on a phase change power device is pushed, another load 8 on another phase change power device is also pushed immediately. The two pushes are completed on two different phase change power devices with a very short time interval (in this example, the time interval between the two pushes in the simultaneous push can be less than 100ms).

[0066] In-situ continuous driving mode: The integrated control module 7 receives the in-situ continuous driving command and controls the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head 3A to complete the first driving. Then, it enters the depressurization and liquid filling steps, with a total time of less than 2 seconds. Afterwards, it controls the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B (or the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A, depending on the charging status) to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head 3A again via the power distribution module 21 to complete the second driving. In this mode, both electrical energy replenishment and liquid carbon dioxide replenishment are involved, and the overall excitation interval is affected by the liquid filling efficiency. The in-situ continuous driving refers to a phase change power device completing the driving of one load 8, and then immediately using the same phase change power device to drive another load 8 located in the same position. In this example, the driving interval between two consecutive loads 8 in the in-situ continuous driving is 2 seconds.

[0067] By setting up the phase change power device described above, when more than two loads 8 need to be excited, its full-cycle response speed (the total time from the first load 8 being driven to the last load 8 completing the driving) can be significantly improved compared to the existing technology.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment provides a dynamic reuse method for a phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge, which is used in the phase change power device as described in Embodiment 1.

[0070] Specifically, the dynamic reuse method includes:

[0071] After excitation is completed, the pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 and feeds the pressure signal back to the integrated control module 7;

[0072] The integrated control module 7 determines whether the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 is greater than the filling safety threshold. If the pressure is greater than the filling safety threshold, it controls the pressure relief valve to open and discharge the residual gaseous carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 to the buffer recovery chamber.

[0073] When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 drops below the filling safety threshold, the integrated control module 7 controls the pressure relief valve to close and controls the filling distribution valve 62 to open, and simultaneously controls the filling pump to start. The filling pump creates a negative pressure suction effect at the moment of starting, guiding the residual gaseous carbon dioxide to be discharged in a directional manner; then, liquid carbon dioxide is replenished into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4.

[0074] The liquid filling meter measures the amount of liquid carbon dioxide filled into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 in real time. When the set liquid filling amount is reached, the integrated control module 7 controls the liquid filling distribution valve 62 to close.

[0075] Start the reusable electrical excitation head 3 to complete the reuse-driven excitation.

[0076] Specifically, the pressure relief valve and the liquid distribution valve 62 are logically interlocked (when the pressure relief valve is open, the liquid distribution valve 62 is closed and cannot be opened; when the liquid distribution valve 62 is open, the pressure relief valve is closed and cannot be opened). The above-mentioned logical interlocking ensures the accuracy and safety of repeated liquid replenishment. The above-mentioned reuse steps ensure the accuracy of reuse preparation work and improve the reuse-driven excitation efficiency.

[0077] Optionally, the filling safety threshold is 5 MPa, and the rate at which the pressure relief valve discharges residual gaseous carbon dioxide is 2 MPa / s to 5 MPa / s. The saturated vapor pressure of carbon dioxide at room temperature is approximately 5.7 MPa to 6.4 MPa. When the residual pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 drops below 5 MPa, the volume of residual gaseous carbon dioxide is significantly reduced compared to its volume at the initial pressure, minimizing its interference with subsequent filling and ensuring the accuracy and safety of subsequent filling.

[0078] In one example, the reuse method further includes a push-pull control mode. In this mode, there are two or more reusable electro-excitation heads 3 in the phase change power device, and two or more corresponding carbon dioxide phase change tubes 4. In this example, taking two specific reusable electro-excitation heads 3, namely the first reusable electro-excitation head 3A and the second reusable electro-excitation head 3B, and two corresponding carbon dioxide phase change tubes 4, namely the first carbon dioxide phase change tube 4A and the second carbon dioxide phase change tube 4B, and the cylinder 9, i.e., the load 8 therein, also having two loads, namely the first load and the second load, the push-pull control mode includes:

[0079] The integrated control module 7 controls the charger 1 to exchange energy with the energy storage capacitors of the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A and the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B using a PWM dynamic charging strategy.

[0080] At the first time point, the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A is controlled to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head 3A through the power distribution module 21, thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the first carbon dioxide phase change tube 4A to generate high-pressure gas to drive the first load.

[0081] At the second time point, the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B is controlled to discharge to the second reusable electric excitation head 3B through the power distribution module 21, thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the second carbon dioxide phase change tube 4B to generate high-pressure gas to drive the second load.

[0082] The time interval between the first time point and the second time point is less than 100ms.

[0083] In this example, the integrated control module 7 accurately calculates the completion time of each energy replenishment based on the charge state of the energy storage capacitors of the first high-voltage pulse discharger 2A and the second high-voltage pulse discharger 2B, and sets the occurrence time of the two discharge commands within the same time window. The two dischargers independently complete energy replenishment within their respective charging windows without competing for charging resources. Since each carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 has completed pre-filling before simultaneous push, the simultaneous push process only involves the distribution of electrical energy and the issuance of discharge commands. The waiting time of the filling stage is completely excluded from the simultaneous push interval, thereby allowing the simultaneous push interval to break through the limitation of the filling time and be determined only by the alternating discharge capability of the two dischargers.

[0084] In another example, the method also includes an in-situ continuous push control mode, specifically including:

[0085] The integrated control module 7 controls the high-voltage pulse discharger 2 to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head 3 through the power distribution module 21, thus completing the first push;

[0086] Then, the depressurization and liquid replenishment steps are performed to complete the depressurization and liquid replenishment of the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4;

[0087] After the fluid replenishment is completed, the integrated control module 7 controls the high-voltage pulse discharger 2 to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head 3 again through the power distribution module 21 to complete the second push;

[0088] The two pushes are completed at the same position, and the interval between the two pushes is less than 2 seconds.

[0089] It should be noted that the pressure relief step includes the following as described above: "The integrated control module 7 determines whether the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 is greater than the filling safety threshold. If the pressure is greater than the filling safety threshold, it controls the pressure relief valve to open, discharging the residual gaseous carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 to the buffer recovery chamber; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 drops below the filling safety threshold, the integrated control module 7 controls the pressure relief valve to close." The liquid replenishment step includes the following as described above: "The integrated control module 7 controls the filling distribution valve 62 to open, and simultaneously controls the filling pump to start. The filling pump creates a negative pressure suction effect at the moment of startup, guiding the residual gaseous carbon dioxide to be discharged in a directional manner, and then replenishing the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 with liquid carbon dioxide; the filling meter measures the amount of liquid carbon dioxide filled into the carbon dioxide phase change tube 4 in real time, and when the set filling amount is reached, the integrated control module 7 controls the filling distribution valve 62 to close."

[0090] With the above setup, compared to the existing technology that uses a heating agent to drive the device, which requires the operator to disassemble and replace the heating agent after each drive (taking several minutes to tens of minutes), or wait for the residual gas to cool and liquefy naturally before replenishing the liquid (taking tens of seconds to several minutes), this example compresses the interval between two drives at the same position by more than an order of magnitude, enabling the same power unit to complete the continuous drive of multiple loads 8 in a short time.

[0091] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this invention, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "tail end," "head end," and "center," are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and connection situations between components in a specific state. They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously.

[0092] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0093] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge, characterized in that, include: Charger (1); A high-voltage pulse discharge machine (2) is provided, one end of which is connected to the charger (1), and the other end of which is connected to the reusable electric excitation head (3) through the power distribution module (21). A reusable electro-excitation head (3) is provided, one end of which is connected to the high-voltage pulse discharge machine (2), and the other end of which extends into the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4). The reusable electro-excitation head (3) includes two or more electrodes arranged radially in sequence. The two or more electrodes discharge sequentially from the inside to the outside, so that the plasma channel forms a dynamic migration path from the inside to the outside between different electrodes. A carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) is provided inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) for containing liquid carbon dioxide. The end of the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) away from the reusable electro-excitation head (3) is connected to the cylinder (9) through a valve (42). A carbon dioxide storage tank (5) and a carbon dioxide filling device (6) are provided. One end of the carbon dioxide filling device (6) is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank (5), and the other end of the carbon dioxide filling device (6) is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) for replenishing liquid carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4). The integrated control module (7) is electrically connected to the charger (1), the high-voltage pulse discharger (2) and the carbon dioxide filling device (6).

2. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reusable electroexcitation head (3) includes a central needle electrode (31), an inner ring electrode (32), and an outer ring electrode (33). The central needle electrode (31), the inner ring electrode (32), and the outer ring electrode (33) are coaxially arranged and mutually insulated.

3. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The central needle electrode (31) is made of tungsten-copper alloy, the inner ring electrode (32) is made of molybdenum alloy, and the outer ring electrode (33) is made of tungsten alloy.

4. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 3, characterized in that, There are two high-voltage pulse dischargers (2), including a first high-voltage pulse discharger and a second high-voltage pulse discharger. The first high-voltage pulse discharger and the second high-voltage pulse discharger are connected in parallel and are both connected to the charger (1). The power distribution module (21) includes a high-voltage electronic switch array and a timing controller. The input end of the high-voltage electronic switch array is connected to the first high-voltage pulse discharger and the second high-voltage pulse discharger respectively. The output end of the high-voltage electronic switch array is connected to several reusable electro-excitation heads (3) respectively. The timing controller is communicatively connected to the integrated control module (7). The integrated control module (7) controls the first high-voltage pulse discharger and the second high-voltage pulse discharger to work alternately. When the first high-voltage pulse discharger is discharging, the second high-voltage pulse discharger is in a charging state. When the second high-voltage pulse discharger is discharging, the first high-voltage pulse discharger is in a charging state.

5. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The charger (1) adopts a PWM dynamic charging strategy, charging the energy storage capacitor of the other high voltage pulse discharger (2) at twice the rated power when one of the high voltage pulse dischargers (2) is discharging.

6. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide filling device (6) includes a filling pipeline (61), a filling distribution valve (62), a filling pump, and a filling meter; one end of the filling pipeline (61) is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank (5), and the other end of the filling pipeline (61) is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) through the filling distribution valve (62); the filling pump is installed on the filling pipeline (61) and is used to pump the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank (5) to the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4); the filling meter is installed on the filling pipeline (61); the integrated control module (7) is electrically connected to the filling distribution valve (62), the filling pump, and the filling meter respectively.

7. The phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide filling device (6) also includes a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor and a buffer recovery chamber; one end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) and the other end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the buffer recovery chamber; the pressure sensor is installed on the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4); the integrated control module (7) is electrically connected to the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor respectively, and the integrated control module (7) can receive the detection value of the pressure sensor and open or close the pressure relief valve according to the detection value.

8. A dynamic reuse method for a phase change power device with time-coordinated multi-point discharge, characterized in that, The dynamic multiplexing applied to the phase change power device of the time-coordinated multi-point discharge as described in claim 7 includes the following steps: After the excitation is completed, the pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) and feeds the pressure signal back to the integrated control module (7). The integrated control module (7) determines whether the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) is greater than the filling safety threshold. If the pressure is greater than the filling safety threshold, it controls the pressure relief valve to open and discharge the residual gaseous carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) to the buffer recovery chamber. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) drops below the filling safety threshold, the integrated control module (7) controls the pressure relief valve to close and controls the filling distribution valve (62) to open, and at the same time controls the filling pump to start. The filling pump forms a negative pressure suction effect at the moment of starting, guiding the residual gaseous carbon dioxide to be discharged in a directional manner, and then replenishing liquid carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4). The liquid metering device measures the amount of liquid carbon dioxide injected into the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4) in real time. When the set liquid volume is reached, the integrated control module (7) controls the liquid distribution valve (62) to close. Start the reusable electrical excitation head (3) to complete the reusable drive excitation.

9. The dynamic reuse method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The reuse method includes a simultaneous push control mode, which includes: The integrated control module (7) controls the charger (1) to exchange energy with the energy storage capacitors of the first high-voltage pulse discharger and the second high-voltage pulse discharger using a PWM dynamic charging strategy. At the first time point, the first high-voltage pulse discharger is controlled to discharge to the first reusable electric excitation head through the power distribution module (21), thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the first carbon dioxide phase change tube to generate high-pressure gas to drive the first load; At the second time point, the second high-voltage pulse discharger is controlled to discharge to the second reusable electric excitation head through the power distribution module (21), thereby stimulating the liquid carbon dioxide in the second carbon dioxide phase change tube to generate high-pressure gas to drive the second load; The time interval between the first time point and the second time point is less than 100ms.

10. The dynamic reuse method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The reuse method includes an in-situ continuous push control mode, which includes: The integrated control module (7) controls the high-voltage pulse discharger (2) to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head (3) through the power distribution module (21) to complete the first push; Then, the depressurization and liquid replenishment steps are performed to complete the depressurization and liquid replenishment of the carbon dioxide phase change tube (4); After the fluid replenishment is completed, the integrated control module (7) controls the high-voltage pulse discharge machine (2) to discharge to the reusable electric excitation head (3) again through the power distribution module (21) to complete the second push; The two pushes are completed at the same position, and the interval between the two pushes is less than 2 seconds.

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