Retaining wall integrated temperature difference energy storage power generation system

Abstract

The application discloses a retaining wall integrated type temperature difference energy storage power generation system, which comprises a solar heat collecting layer, a thermoelectric conversion module and a soil heat dissipation coupling layer; the solar heat collecting layer is arranged on the front air-facing surface of the retaining wall body and is used for absorbing the radiation heat of sunlight to form a heat source; the soil heat dissipation coupling layer is arranged on the back soil filling side of the retaining wall body and is used for passively utilizing the thermal inertia and natural temperature of the back soil filling to form a cold source; and the thermoelectric conversion module is arranged in the retaining wall body and is used for converting the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source into electric energy. The application can utilize the natural temperature difference of the double sides of the retaining wall to realize energy storage and power generation, improves the energy utilization efficiency of infrastructure and reduces energy waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of renewable energy utilization, and specifically to an integrated thermoelectric power generation system for retaining walls. Background Technology

[0002] Retaining walls are widely used infrastructure in road, water conservancy, municipal, and construction projects. Their main function is to withstand the lateral earth pressure of the backfill behind the wall, preventing the backfill from sliding or collapsing. With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of newly built retaining walls continues to increase.

[0003] Retaining walls possess unique bilateral thermal environment characteristics. The front side, exposed to direct sunlight, experiences surface temperatures that can reach 50°C–60°C or even higher on sunny summer days. Conversely, the back side, due to the thermal inertia of the soil, maintains a relatively low temperature year-round, typically 10°C–30°C lower than the ground surface. This natural temperature gradient between the two sides of the retaining wall represents an untapped renewable energy source. However, current retaining walls only function as mechanical retainers, with their vast surface area and structural volume remaining unutilized for energy purposes, resulting in significant resource waste. Existing technologies fail to leverage the unique bilateral temperature difference characteristic of retaining walls, a major component of geotechnical infrastructure, for energy utilization, leading to substantial resource waste. Transforming retaining walls into energy facilities with energy storage and power generation capabilities is a crucial technical challenge that needs to be addressed.

[0004] Therefore, to solve the above problems, there is a need for an integrated temperature difference energy storage and power generation system for retaining walls, which can utilize the natural temperature difference between the two sides of the retaining wall to achieve energy storage and power generation, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of infrastructure and reducing energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an integrated temperature difference energy storage and power generation system for retaining walls, which can utilize the natural temperature difference between the two sides of the retaining wall to achieve energy storage and power generation, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of infrastructure and reducing energy waste.

[0006] The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric energy storage power generation system of the present invention includes a solar thermal collector layer, a thermoelectric conversion module and a soil heat dissipation coupling layer;

[0007] The solar thermal collector layer is set on the open surface in front of the retaining wall body to absorb solar radiation heat to form a heat source.

[0008] The soil heat dissipation coupling layer is set on the backfill side of the retaining wall body to passively utilize the thermal inertia and natural temperature of the backfill to form a cold source.

[0009] The thermoelectric conversion module is installed inside the retaining wall body and is used to convert the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source into electrical energy.

[0010] Furthermore, the solar collector layer is provided with a heat-conducting fluid channel, through which the heat absorbed by the collector layer is transferred to the heat pipe heat-conducting array; the heat-dissipating end of the heat pipe heat-conducting array transfers the received heat to the thermoelectric conversion module.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat dissipation end of the heat pipe heat conduction array is provided with a phase change thermal storage material layer; the phase change thermal storage material layer is used to store excess heat; at night or on cloudy days when there is insufficient sunlight, the phase change thermal storage material layer transfers heat to the thermoelectric conversion module.

[0012] Furthermore, the solar collector layer includes a high thermal conductivity concrete base layer or a solar selective absorption layer;

[0013] The high thermal conductivity concrete base layer is attached to the retaining wall surface, and a thermally conductive reinforcement is pre-embedded inside the high thermal conductivity concrete base layer.

[0014] The solar selective absorption layer includes a heat collector plate; the sun-facing outer surface of the heat collector plate is coated with a solar selective absorption coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the soil heat dissipation coupling layer includes a thermally conductive fin array and a thermally conductive metal skeleton mesh;

[0016] The heat-conducting fin array is disposed on the side of the retaining wall body facing the backfill and is fixedly connected to the retaining wall body; the structural surface of the backfill side of the retaining wall body is sawtooth, concave-convex pile or corrugated.

[0017] The thermally conductive metal skeleton mesh is located on the side of the thermally conductive fin array away from the retaining wall body and is in contact with the backfill soil behind the wall.

[0018] Furthermore, the thermoelectric conversion module adopts... Semiconductor thermocouple array.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes an energy storage module; the energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion module;

[0020] The energy storage module includes a battery pack and a DC / DC boost converter; the DC / DC boost converter is located between the output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module and the battery pack, and boosts the low-voltage DC power output by the thermoelectric conversion module to the rated charging voltage of the battery pack.

[0021] A method for generating electricity using an integrated thermoelectric storage system for retaining walls includes the following steps:

[0022] The solar collector layer absorbs solar radiation heat to form a heat source;

[0023] Heat is conducted to the phase change thermal storage material layer through a heat pipe thermal conduction array, and the phase change thermal storage material layer continuously supplies heat to the thermoelectric conversion module.

[0024] The thermal inertia cold source of the deep fill soil is passively coupled through the soil heat dissipation coupling layer;

[0025] The thermoelectric conversion module generates electricity by utilizing the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source through the Seebeck effect;

[0026] The intelligent control module monitors the power generation P and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module in real time, and adaptively allocates the generated power to external loads or energy storage modules according to the scheduling strategy.

[0027] Furthermore, the scheduling strategy is determined according to the following method:

[0028] When the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module is not lower than 80%, it will prioritize outputting electrical energy to the external load.

[0029] When the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module is not higher than 20%, electrical energy is preferentially stored in the energy storage module.

[0030] When the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source is less than 15°C, the intelligent control module stops generating electricity and switches to the energy storage module for power supply.

[0031] Furthermore, the scheduling strategy has a scheduling cycle of 1 hour, and the parameters are automatically corrected once a day; wherein, the parameters include the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module, the power generation (P) of the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat source temperature, the cold source temperature, and the power consumption of the external load.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention discloses an integrated thermoelectric energy storage and power generation system for retaining walls. It absorbs solar radiation heat by setting a solar thermal collector layer in front of the retaining wall, and uses the thermal inertia of the backfill soil to form a stable cold source by setting a soil heat dissipation coupling layer behind the wall. A thermoelectric conversion module installed inside the wall converts the temperature difference into electrical energy. The heat transfer and storage capacity is improved by setting a heat pipe thermal array, phase change thermal storage material, and a thermal conductivity enhancement structure, and electrical energy storage is achieved by combining it with a battery pack. This invention can fully utilize the natural thermal energy of the retaining wall structure and the surrounding environment to achieve low-carbon, high-efficiency auxiliary energy supply, improve the functional integration and energy utilization efficiency of the retaining wall, and reduce energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0034] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the implementation layout of the thermoelectric energy storage power generation system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the framework principle of the thermoelectric energy storage power generation system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in the figures:

[0037] This embodiment discloses an integrated thermoelectric energy storage power generation system for retaining walls, including a solar collector layer, a thermoelectric conversion module, and a soil heat dissipation coupling layer;

[0038] The solar thermal collector layer is set on the open surface in front of the retaining wall body to absorb solar radiation heat to form a heat source.

[0039] The soil heat dissipation coupling layer is set on the backfill side of the retaining wall body to passively utilize the thermal inertia and natural temperature of the backfill to form a cold source.

[0040] The thermoelectric conversion module is installed inside the retaining wall body and is used to convert the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source into electrical energy.

[0041] This invention fully utilizes the natural temperature difference between the two sides of a retaining wall by installing a solar thermal collector layer on the open side in front of the wall and a soil heat dissipation coupling layer on the backfill side. A thermoelectric conversion module then converts this temperature difference energy into electrical energy, thus expanding the retaining wall's function from a traditional load-bearing structure to an energy-utilizing structure. This system requires no additional energy input and improves the utilization efficiency of solar radiation heat energy and soil thermal inertia, thereby achieving green and low-carbon auxiliary energy supply.

[0042] In this embodiment, the retaining wall body is the load-bearing structure of the system, and can be one or more of the following: gravity / counterweight retaining wall, cantilever retaining wall, buttress retaining wall, pile-slab retaining wall, anchored retaining wall, or reinforced soil retaining wall. The wall material is concrete, reinforced concrete, or masonry structure, and the height of the retaining wall above the ground is not less than 2m.

[0043] The solar collector layer has internal heat-conducting fluid channels that transfer the heat absorbed by the collector layer to the heat pipe heat-conducting array. The heat-dissipating end of the heat pipe heat-conducting array then transfers the received heat to the thermoelectric conversion module. A thermally conductive silicone grease layer is provided between the solar collector layer and the outer surface of the retaining wall to reduce contact thermal resistance.

[0044] By setting up heat-conducting fluid channels inside the solar collector layer and using heat pipe arrays for heat transfer, the heat transfer efficiency between the solar collector layer and the thermoelectric conversion module can be effectively enhanced. This allows the radiant heat absorbed in front of the wall to be quickly and evenly transported to the thermoelectric conversion module, reducing heat loss during the heat transfer process and improving the stability of the heat source supply.

[0045] In this embodiment, the heat-dissipating end of the heat pipe thermal array is provided with a phase change thermal storage material layer. This layer stores excess heat and transfers it to the thermoelectric conversion module during nighttime or cloudy days when sunlight is insufficient. The heat pipe thermal array is embedded inside the retaining wall body, arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the retaining wall, with a spacing of 50mm to 150mm between the heat pipes. The heated end (evaporation section) of each heat pipe is bonded to the solar collector layer, while the heat-dissipating end (condensation section) is in contact with the phase change thermal storage material layer. The working fluid inside the heat pipe is heat-conducting oil or ammonia, whose phase change heat transfer coefficient is much higher than that of solid heat conduction. This allows for efficient heat transfer from the collector layer to the phase change thermal storage material layer, significantly reducing thermal resistance and increasing heat transfer efficiency to 3 to 10 times that of traditional metal solid heat conduction.

[0046] The phase change thermal storage material layer serves as a thermal buffer layer. The melting point of the phase change thermal storage material ranges from 30℃ to 45℃, and it can be one or more composites of paraffin wax (such as industrial paraffin RT35), fatty acids (such as decanoic acid, melting point 31.5℃), or inorganic hydrated salts (such as calcium chloride hexahydrate, melting point 29℃). Under sufficient sunlight, the phase change thermal storage material absorbs heat and melts, storing latent heat. At night or during cloudy / rainy weather, the phase change material solidifies and continuously releases latent heat, maintaining the hot-end temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module above 30℃, thereby achieving continuous power generation around the clock. This extends the system's average daily power generation time from the traditional 8 hours during the day to 14-20 hours.

[0047] By installing a phase change thermal storage material layer at the heat dissipation end of the heat pipe thermal array, excess heat generated during solar thermal collection can be absorbed and stored, avoiding heat energy waste. At night or on cloudy days when sunlight is insufficient, the phase change thermal storage material layer can release the stored heat, continuously providing a heat source for the thermoelectric conversion module, thereby improving the system's continuous power generation capacity and achieving efficient utilization of solar thermal energy.

[0048] In this embodiment, the solar collector layer includes a high thermal conductivity concrete base layer or a solar selective absorption layer; the high thermal conductivity concrete base layer is attached to the retaining wall surface, and a thermally conductive reinforcement is pre-embedded inside the high thermal conductivity concrete base layer; wherein, the thermally conductive reinforcement is at least one of copper sheet, metal fiber, graphite sheet or carbon nanotube thermally conductive film.

[0049] The solar selective absorption layer includes a collector plate (made of aluminum alloy or copper); the sun-facing outer surface of the collector plate is coated with a solar selective absorption coating. The coating has an absorptivity of not less than 0.90 for solar radiation and a thermal emissivity of not more than 0.10. Under standard sunshine conditions, the surface temperature of the collector layer can reach 50℃~80℃.

[0050] By employing a high thermal conductivity concrete base layer or a solar selective absorption layer, the absorption capacity and heat transfer efficiency of solar radiation can be enhanced. Specifically, the thermal conductivity reinforcement improves the internal heat diffusion performance of the collector layer, reducing heat transfer losses; the solar selective absorption coating increases solar energy absorption rate and reduces heat radiation loss, thereby enabling the collector layer to achieve a higher stable temperature.

[0051] In this embodiment, the soil heat dissipation coupling layer includes a heat-conducting fin array and a heat-conducting metal skeleton mesh; wherein, the heat-conducting fin array is made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy.

[0052] The heat-conducting fin array is disposed on the side of the retaining wall body facing the backfill behind the wall and is fixedly connected to the retaining wall body; specifically, the heat-conducting fin array is fixed perpendicular to the retaining wall surface, penetrates into the backfill behind the wall to a depth of not less than 500mm, and the fin spacing is 30mm to 80mm; the structural surface of the backfill side of the retaining wall body is sawtooth, concave-convex pile or corrugated.

[0053] The thermally conductive metal mesh is positioned on the side of the thermally conductive fin array away from the retaining wall body and in contact with the backfill soil behind the wall. Specifically, the thermally conductive metal mesh is laid on the outer side of the thermally conductive fin array, forming a large-area contact with the deep backfill soil. The soil temperature below 500mm depth on the backfill side is 15℃~25℃ year-round (with slight seasonal fluctuations), significantly lower than the temperature of the heat collection layer in front of the wall, forming a stable cold source without the need for any active cooling equipment. The metal structure of the thermally conductive metal mesh should be equipped with appropriate anti-corrosion measures.

[0054] By incorporating an array of heat-conducting fins and a heat-conducting metal mesh, the heat exchange capacity between the retaining wall and the backfill can be enhanced, allowing low-temperature heat from the deep soil to be efficiently transferred to the thermoelectric conversion module, forming a stable and reliable cold source. Serrated, uneven, or corrugated structures increase the contact area and improve thermal conductivity. Utilizing the stable temperature characteristics of the deep soil year-round, the temperature difference can be maintained without additional refrigeration equipment, which is beneficial for enhancing the system's continuous power generation capacity.

[0055] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion module adopts The system utilizes a semiconductor thermocouple array (TEG module). The thermoelectric conversion module is embedded within the retaining wall body, and multiple TEG modules are combined in series and parallel to form a thermoelectric power generation array to meet output voltage and power requirements. The hot end of the thermoelectric conversion module is tightly bonded to the phase change thermal storage material layer via thermally conductive silicone grease, while the cold end is tightly bonded to the soil heat dissipation coupling layer via thermally conductive silicone grease. When an effective temperature difference (not less than 15℃) is formed between the hot and cold ends, the thermoelectric conversion module continuously outputs DC power according to the Seebeck effect (thermoelectric electromotive force E=S·ΔT, where S is the Seebeck coefficient and ΔT is the temperature difference).

[0056] The Seebeck thermoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where, in a circuit composed of two different materials, a thermoelectric electromotive force is generated and an electric current is produced when there is a temperature difference between the two contact points. Thermoelectric generators based on this effect can directly convert low-grade heat energy into electrical energy.

[0057] By adopting Using a semiconductor thermocouple array (TEG) as a thermoelectric conversion module, and with its hot end tightly bonded to a phase change thermal storage material layer and its cold end tightly bonded to a soil heat dissipation coupling layer, the heat transfer efficiency between the hot and cold ends can be effectively improved, enhancing the ability to maintain temperature differences. By combining multiple TEG modules in series and parallel, different voltage and power output requirements can be met, and based on the Seebeck effect, a stable temperature difference can be continuously converted into DC power, thereby improving the stability of the system's power generation.

[0058] This embodiment also includes an energy storage module; the energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion module; the energy storage module includes a battery pack and a DC / DC boost converter; the DC / DC boost converter is disposed between the output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module and the battery pack, and boosts the low-voltage DC power (typically 0.5V to 3V) output by the thermoelectric conversion module to the rated charging voltage of the battery pack (typically 12V, 24V, or 48V). The rated capacity of the battery pack is determined based on 1.5 to 3 times the average daily power generation of the system to ensure continuous power supply to external loads during continuous rainy weather.

[0059] By storing the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion module using an energy storage module and boosting and regulating the low-voltage DC output from the thermoelectric conversion module using a DC / DC boost converter, energy utilization efficiency and power supply stability can be improved. The battery pack capacity is configured according to the system's power generation characteristics, enabling continuous power supply to external loads under conditions of insufficient sunshine or continuous rainy weather. This reduces the impact of the intermittent nature of thermoelectric power generation on electricity demand, thereby achieving stable output and efficient utilization of thermoelectric energy from the retaining wall.

[0060] The present invention also relates to a retaining wall integrated thermoelectric storage power generation method for generating electricity using the retaining wall integrated thermoelectric storage power generation system of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0061] The solar collector layer absorbs solar radiation heat to form a heat source; the heat pipe heat conduction array conducts the heat to the phase change heat storage material layer, which continuously supplies heat to the thermoelectric conversion module; the thermal inertia cold source of the deep fill soil is passively coupled through the soil heat dissipation coupling layer; the thermoelectric conversion module generates electricity by utilizing the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source through the Seebeck effect.

[0062] The intelligent control module monitors the power generation P and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module in real time, and adaptively allocates the generated power to external loads or energy storage modules according to the scheduling strategy. The intelligent control module can be implemented using an existing embedded control system, specifically including a microcontroller (MCU), a data acquisition interface, a communication interface, and a control program. The microcontroller can be an STM32 series microcontroller or an industrial-grade PLC controller. It collects parameters such as heat source temperature, cold source temperature, power generation, and the SOC of the energy storage module in real time through temperature sensors, a power detection module, and a battery management module, and executes power output, energy storage switching, and power generation start / stop control according to preset control logic, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0063] The scheduling strategy is determined as follows: when the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module is not lower than 80%, the power is output to the external load first; when the SOC of the energy storage module is not higher than 20%, the power is stored in the energy storage module first; when the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source is lower than 15℃, the intelligent control module suspends power generation and switches to power supply by the energy storage module.

[0064] The scheduling strategy has a scheduling cycle of 1 hour, and the parameters are automatically corrected once a day; the parameters include the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module, the power generation (P) of the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat source temperature, the cold source temperature, and the power consumption of the external load.

[0065] The above method enables intelligent management of solar radiation heat energy, soil thermal inertia cold source, and thermoelectric conversion process. This method improves system energy conversion efficiency and operational stability through heat source acquisition, heat storage, thermoelectric power generation, and energy storage scheduling. By utilizing an intelligent control module to adaptively allocate resources based on energy storage status, temperature difference conditions, and load demand, the impact of environmental changes on the power generation process can be effectively reduced, ensuring continuous power supply and achieving intelligent control of retaining wall energy utilization.

[0066] To better understand the integrated thermoelectric energy storage power generation method for retaining walls of the present invention, a complete power generation operation process is further described with examples:

[0067] Step S1 (Heat Energy Harvesting Stage): After sunrise, solar radiation shines on the TiNOx selective absorption coating in front of the retaining wall. The coating converts solar radiation energy into heat energy, and the temperature of the heat collection surface rises rapidly from an initial 13°C to over 50°C. The heat energy is conducted inward through copper-water gravity heat pipes (heat pipe heat conduction array) via phase change heat transfer. The heat transfer rate is approximately 20 times that of ordinary copper rods. The heat pipes efficiently transfer the heat to the phase change heat buffer layer (phase change heat storage material layer).

[0068] Step S2 (Phase Change Heat Buffer Stage): From 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM, the heat collected exceeds the heat power required by the thermoelectric conversion module. The excess heat is absorbed by the phase change heat buffer layer and stored in the form of latent heat of phase change (the n-octadecane / stearic acid mixture changes from solid to liquid). The hot end temperature is maintained at 38-45°C. After the afternoon sunlight weakens, the phase change material solidifies and releases heat, continuously replenishing the heat to the hot end, keeping the hot end temperature above 35°C, extending the effective thermoelectric power generation period until 4-6 hours after sunset (approximately 10:00 PM).

[0069] Step S3 (Thermoelectric Power Generation Stage): The hot end of the thermoelectric conversion module receives a stable heat flow from the phase change layer, while the cold end dissipates heat through thermally conductive fins coupled with a stable-temperature soil layer at a depth ≥500mm in the backfill, maintaining the cold end temperature at 15–25℃. A stable temperature difference ΔT is formed between the hot and cold ends (typical values ​​of 35–55 K in summer and 20–35 K in winter). Based on the Seebeck effect, Thermocouples generate an electromotive force driven by temperature difference, outputting 6-18 V DC power, with a total power of approximately 5-15 kW (varying with the seasons).

[0070] Step S4 (Energy Conversion and Storage Stage): The DC / DC boost converter boosts the low-voltage DC output from the module to a 48V bus. MPPT algorithms (such as perturbation observation method, incremental conductance method, etc.) track the maximum power point in real time. The intelligent control module determines the SOC status: when SOC < 80%, it prioritizes charging with a charging current ≤ 0.2C; when SOC ≥ 80%, it switches to load power supply mode, outputting 48V DC or converting it to 220V AC to loads such as streetlights, traffic monitoring systems, traffic lights, and communication equipment. The entire charging and discharging process is protected by the BMS, ensuring the battery operates within a safe window of 20% ≤ SOC ≤ 95%.

[0071] Step S5 (Intelligent Scheduling Phase): The intelligent control module executes a scheduling decision every hour: reads the current ΔT, SOC, load power, and weather forecast (NB-IoT uplink); calls 30 days of historical power generation data to predict the power generation curve for the next 24 hours; optimizes the charging and discharging strategy based on the prediction results to avoid power curtailment and power loss; resets the daily statistical counter at 00:00 every day and calibrates the battery capacity degradation coefficient (estimated by the static voltage method), and updates the SOC accuracy correction parameters. When the intelligent control module detects any abnormal sensor data (voltage over-limit, temperature over-limit, SOC sudden change), it automatically triggers fault protection and reports an alarm to the management platform via NB-IoT.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated thermoelectric power generation system for retaining walls, characterized in that: This includes a solar collector layer, a thermoelectric conversion module, and a soil heat dissipation coupling layer; The solar thermal collector layer is set on the open surface in front of the retaining wall body to absorb solar radiation heat to form a heat source. The soil heat dissipation coupling layer is set on the backfill side of the retaining wall body to passively utilize the thermal inertia and natural temperature of the backfill to form a cold source. The thermoelectric conversion module is installed inside the retaining wall body and is used to convert the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source into electrical energy.

2. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar collector layer has a heat-conducting fluid channel inside, through which the heat absorbed by the collector layer is transferred to the heat pipe heat-conducting array; the heat-dissipating end of the heat pipe heat-conducting array transfers the received heat to the thermoelectric conversion module.

3. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat pipe heat conduction array has a phase change thermal storage material layer at its heat dissipation end; the phase change thermal storage material layer is used to store excess heat; at night or on cloudy days when there is insufficient sunlight, the phase change thermal storage material layer transfers heat to the thermoelectric conversion module.

4. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar collector layer includes a high thermal conductivity concrete base layer or a solar selective absorption layer. The high thermal conductivity concrete base layer is attached to the retaining wall surface, and a thermally conductive reinforcement is pre-embedded inside the high thermal conductivity concrete base layer. The solar selective absorption layer includes a heat collector plate; the sun-facing outer surface of the heat collector plate is coated with a solar selective absorption coating.

5. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil heat dissipation coupling layer includes a heat-conducting fin array and a heat-conducting metal skeleton mesh. The heat-conducting fin array is disposed on the side of the retaining wall body facing the backfill and is fixedly connected to the retaining wall body; the structural surface of the backfill side of the retaining wall body is sawtooth, concave-convex pile or corrugated. The thermally conductive metal skeleton mesh is located on the side of the thermally conductive fin array away from the retaining wall body and is in contact with the backfill soil behind the wall.

6. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric energy storage and power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion module adopts Semiconductor thermocouple array.

7. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an energy storage module; the energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion module; The energy storage module includes a battery pack and a DC / DC boost converter; the DC / DC boost converter is located between the output terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module and the battery pack, and boosts the low-voltage DC power output by the thermoelectric conversion module to the rated charging voltage of the battery pack.

8. A method for generating electricity using an integrated thermoelectric power storage system for retaining walls as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The solar collector layer absorbs solar radiation heat to form a heat source; Heat is conducted to the phase change thermal storage material layer through a heat pipe thermal conduction array, and the phase change thermal storage material layer continuously supplies heat to the thermoelectric conversion module. The thermal inertia cold source of the deep fill soil is passively coupled through the soil heat dissipation coupling layer; The thermoelectric conversion module generates electricity by utilizing the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source through the Seebeck effect; The intelligent control module monitors the power generation P and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module in real time, and adaptively allocates the generated power to external loads or energy storage modules according to the scheduling strategy.

9. The integrated thermoelectric energy storage and power generation method for retaining walls according to claim 8, characterized in that: The scheduling strategy is determined using the following method: When the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module is not lower than 80%, it will prioritize outputting electrical energy to the external load. When the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module is not higher than 20%, electrical energy is preferentially stored in the energy storage module. When the effective temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source is less than 15°C, the intelligent control module stops generating electricity and switches to the energy storage module for power supply.

10. The retaining wall integrated thermoelectric energy storage power generation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The scheduling strategy has a scheduling cycle of 1 hour, and the parameters are automatically corrected once a day; the parameters include the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module, the power generation (P) of the thermoelectric conversion module, the heat source temperature, the cold source temperature, and the power consumption of the external load.

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