A triboelectric-pressure ion synergistic rain-light composite power generation system and a packaging method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a triboelectricity-pressure ion synergistic rain-light composite power generation system and a packaging method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of rain-light composite power generation systems. The rain-light composite power generation system comprises an integrated energy collection device and a rain-light dual-energy charging system; the integrated energy collection device comprises a rainwater energy collector and a solar cell panel; the rainwater energy collector comprises an ionic gel functional layer, a transparent film packaging layer and an aluminum tape, the ionic gel functional layer is attached to the surface of the solar cell panel, and the transparent film packaging layer covers the ionic gel functional layer; a conductive electrode is adhered to the surface of the transparent film packaging layer; and the ionic gel functional layer and the aluminum tape are connected with the rain-light dual-energy charging system. The rainwater energy collector successfully couples triboelectricity and pressure ion effect, so that the electric charge of raindrops and the impact gravity energy can be captured at the same time, and the limit of overall energy capture under single water drop impact is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of rain-solar hybrid power generation systems, specifically relating to a triboelectric-piezoelectric synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system and its packaging method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of microelectronics and intelligent sensing technologies, composite micro-energy harvesting systems capable of providing all-weather power have become an urgent need for low-power IoT devices. Among them, rain-solar composite energy harvesting technology, which combines solar energy and raindrop energy, can effectively overcome the limitations of single energy sources due to weather conditions and day-night cycles.

[0003] Currently, most related composite energy systems only focus on the simple physical stacking of light units and raindrop (water) units at the front end. This often results in problems such as functional layer stacking blocking light, mutual interference of electrical signals between heterogeneous power generation units, and impedance and output mismatch. On the one hand, existing technologies mostly employ a single liquid-solid contact electrification (triboelectric) mechanism for rain energy capture. Under the alternating mechanical stress of continuous raindrop impacts, this mechanism cannot effectively capture the gravitational mechanical energy caused by the instantaneous impact of raindrops, leading to low overall energy conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the traditional polyionic gel framework has excessively strong electrostatic binding of anions and cations, lacking sensitivity to local strain gradients and failing to form efficient asymmetric directional migration of ions. Furthermore, the industry generally lacks efficient back-end integration, collaborative collection, and stable output strategies for high-impedance, alternating pulsed raindrop (water) energy and low-impedance, DC solar energy. Key technological bottlenecks such as back-end collection, impedance matching, voltage stabilization, and all-weather collaborative control of these two heterogeneous energy sources have not yet been overcome, resulting in large fluctuations in output electrical signals, the risk of reverse charging between power generation units, and difficulty in achieving efficient, continuous, and reliable power supply to low-power electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a triboelectric-piezo-ionic synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system and its packaging method. This invention achieves a highly transparent and strain-sensitive ion gel functional layer by precisely constructing an asymmetric ion-conducting network without the participation of anion monomers. In terms of device principle, it achieves efficient capture of raindrop energy through a dual-mechanism synergistic mechanism by coupling liquid-solid contact triboelectric charging and the piezo-ionic effect induced by instantaneous gravitational impact. Furthermore, combined with an adaptive rain-solar dual-energy charging system, it achieves intelligent flow control and stable output of heterogeneous energy, providing an all-weather self-powered solution for low-power electronic IoT devices.

[0005] To achieve the objectives of the invention described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A triboelectric-piezoelectric synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system includes an integrated energy harvesting device and a rain-solar dual-energy charging system; Integrated energy harvesting devices include rainwater harvesters and solar panels; The rainwater energy collector includes an ion gel functional layer, a transparent thin film encapsulation layer, and conductive electrodes; An ion gel functional layer is attached to the surface of a solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer covers the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. A conductive electrode is attached above the surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer, and the vertical projection position of the conductive electrode does not coincide with the ion gel functional layer. The ion gel functional layer, conductive electrodes, and solar panels are connected to a rain-solar dual-energy charging system.

[0006] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rain-solar dual-energy charging system includes a DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, a rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module, a main control microprocessor module, a current amplification and power drive chip, an optocoupler relay switch, and a supercapacitor energy storage module; The input terminal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module is connected to a solar panel, the input terminal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module is connected to the ion gel functional layer and conductive electrode of the rainwater energy collector, and the output terminals of both the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module are connected to an optocoupler relay switch and a main control microprocessor module. The main control microprocessor module, current amplification and power drive chip, optocoupler relay switch and supercapacitor energy storage module are connected in sequence; the supercapacitor energy storage module is connected to the main control microprocessor module. The DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module is used to reduce the wide-voltage DC output from the solar panel to a stable DC output with an appropriate voltage. The rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module is used to convert the rainwater energy output from the rainwater energy collector into pulsating DC power and reduce it to a safe voltage. Optocoupler relay switches are used to control the path and provide opto-isolation of the stable DC power output from the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the safe power output from the rectification-division-filtering-overvoltage protection module. Supercapacitor energy storage modules are used to store input electrical energy; The main control microprocessor module is used to collect the photovoltaic voltage signal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, the rainwater energy voltage signal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module, and the voltage signal of the supercapacitor energy storage module, to determine the energy and energy storage status, and to output on / off control signals. The current amplification and power drive chip amplifies the on / off control signal and outputs it to the optocoupler relay switch for intelligent control.

[0007] The encapsulation method for the above-mentioned triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system includes the following steps: (1) Mix the deep eutectic solvent, nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator, and heat and stir to obtain an ion gel solution; coat the ion gel solution into the cavity of a mold constructed with a conductive tape as the boundary, and irradiate with ultraviolet light to solidify and form an ion gel functional layer; (2) The ion gel functional layer is attached to the incident light surface of the solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer is covered on the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. Then, another conductive tape is adhered to the upper surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer as a conductive electrode, and the spatial projection position of the conductive tape is controlled to not overlap with the lead-out end of the conductive tape of the ion gel functional layer. (3) The ion gel functional layer serves as the first electrode, and the conductive electrode serves as the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system, and the solar panel is connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system to complete the encapsulation.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the eutectic solvent is at least one of urea-based eutectic solvent, amide-based eutectic solvent, polyol-based eutectic solvent, and carboxylic acid-based eutectic solvent; The nonionic monomer is at least one of 4-acryloylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate; The cationic monomer is at least one of 3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride. The crosslinking agent is at least one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and diethylene glycol diacrylate; The photoinitiator is at least one of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, initiator 819, initiator 2959, and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide.

[0009] More preferably, the deep eutectic solvent is at least one of urea-choline chloride DES, thiourea-choline chloride DES, ethylene glycol-choline chloride DES, and citrate-choline chloride DES.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the heating temperature is 50~100 ℃, the stirring time is 20~60 min, and the curing time is 5~20 min.

[0011] More preferably, the heating temperature is 70~90 ℃, the stirring time is 25~40 min, and the curing time is 10 min.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the ionogel functional layer is 50~500 μm, and the ionic conductivity is ≥1×10⁻³S / cm.

[0013] More preferably, the thickness of the ionogel functional layer is 250~400 μm.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the mass ratio of the deep eutectic solvent, nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator is 0.5~5:0.2~2:0.2~2:0.0112~0.224:0.005~0.05; A further preferred mass ratio is 1~2:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.056~0.112:0.01~0.02.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the transparent film encapsulation layer is at least one of a fluoroplastic film with high electronegativity and high transparency, a polydimethylsiloxane film, and a modified silicone film; Fluoroplastic film is at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, perfluorinated alkylated copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, amorphous fluororesin, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer; More preferably, the transparent film is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer; According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the conductive electrode is at least one of a metal electrode, a carbon-based composite electrode, and a conductive polymer composite electrode; The metal electrode is at least one of aluminum electrode, copper electrode, platinum electrode, tweezers / copper electrode, and tweezers / aluminum electrode; The carbon-based composite electrode is at least one of the following: carbon nanotube composite electrode, graphene / redox graphene composite electrode, and carbon fiber composite electrode.

[0016] More preferably, the conductive electrode is an aluminum electrode.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The ion gel functional layer of the present invention actively discards anionic monomers and uses the copolymerization of the first monomer and the second cationic monomer to construct an asymmetric spatial structure inside the gel, in which "the skeleton binds the cations and the channels dissociate the anions". This structure not only avoids premature neutralization of the same charge to maintain extremely high light transmittance, but also endows the gel with sensitivity to weak mechanical impacts.

[0018] 2. The rainwater energy collector of this invention successfully couples triboelectricity and piezo-ionization, enabling the simultaneous capture of the electrical energy generated by the charge of raindrops and the impact gravity energy, significantly improving the limit of overall energy capture under single droplet impact.

[0019] 3. The ion gel functional layer of this invention uses a deep eutectic solvent as the ion conduction core, does not contain easily volatile water, and has stable physical properties. The overall texture of the ion gel functional layer is soft, elastic, and has excellent interfacial compatibility. Under the high-frequency continuous pulse impact of raindrops, it can effectively dissipate stress through the internal viscoelastic skeleton, preventing the gel layer from mechanically peeling off from the bottom photovoltaic layer and the top FEP layer, thus ensuring long-term stability in complex outdoor environments.

[0020] 4. The rain-solar dual-energy charging system of this invention forms an integrated dual-energy charging link of "energy collection - voltage adaptation - signal acquisition - path driving - energy storage" for high-impedance pulsed raindrop alternating power and low-impedance DC solar energy. Through a resistor voltage divider network and dual overvoltage protection, it solves the problem of microelectromechanical systems being easily broken down by rain energy instantaneous high voltage. By using the adaptive conditioning of the main control microprocessor module and the weak current control and opto-isolation of the optocoupler relay, it eliminates the risk of reverse charging of heterogeneous units, and realizes efficient energy collection and continuous and reliable power supply for low-power IoT devices.

[0021] 5. The system of this invention uses all standardized and miniaturized components, has a compact structure and simple wiring, and can flexibly replace photovoltaic power, supercapacitor capacity and rainwater energy collection structure, with strong versatility and expandability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a side view of the integrated energy harvesting device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the integrated energy harvesting device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working mechanism of the rainwater energy collector of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the main control microprocessor module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the current amplification and power drive chip in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the optocoupler relay switch and supercapacitor energy storage module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. However, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0024] A triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes an integrated energy harvesting device and a rain-solar dual-energy charging system; Integrated energy harvesting devices include rainwater harvesters and solar panels; The rainwater harvester includes an ion gel functional layer, a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) thin film encapsulation layer, and conductive electrodes; An ion gel functional layer is attached to the surface of a solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer covers the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. A conductive electrode is attached above the surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer, and the vertical projection position of the conductive electrode does not coincide with the ion gel functional layer. The ion gel functional layer, conductive electrodes, and solar panels are connected to a rain-solar dual-energy charging system. Integrated energy harvesting devices are used to collect rainwater and solar energy; The rain-solar dual-energy charging system is used to divide and filter rainwater energy and solar energy, and then store them. In this invention, the ion gel functional layer serves as the first electrode of the rainwater energy collector, and its internal asymmetric conduction network responds synergistically to the triboelectric charge and gravitational strain electrical signal; the aluminum tape serves as the second electrode of the rainwater energy collector. The solar panel is a 12V monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel; Example 2

[0025] The difference between the triboelectric-piezoelectric synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system described in Example 1 and the system described in Example 1 is as follows: The Rainlight dual-energy charging system includes a DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, a rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module, a main control microprocessor module, a current amplification and power drive chip, an optocoupler relay switch, and a supercapacitor energy storage module; The input terminal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module is connected to a solar panel, the input terminal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module is connected to the ion gel functional layer and conductive electrode of the rainwater energy collector, and the output terminals of both the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module are connected to an optocoupler relay switch and a main control microprocessor module. The main control microprocessor module, current amplification and power drive chip, optocoupler relay switch and supercapacitor energy storage module are connected in sequence; the supercapacitor energy storage module is connected to the main control microprocessor module. The DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module (XL4016) is used to reduce the wide-voltage DC output from solar panels to a stable DC output at the appropriate voltage (5 V / 12 V); The rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module is used to convert the rainwater energy output from the rainwater energy collector into pulsating DC power (using devices such as DB107, DB106, KBP210, and MB10F to convert AC power into pulsating DC power), and reduce it to a safe voltage (connected to a high-precision resistor voltage divider network composed of 1.1 MΩ and 18.1 kΩ to proportionally and safely reduce the input high voltage signal to 0~3.3 V; a 0.1 μF ceramic filter capacitor is connected in parallel at the voltage divider node to smooth the ripple of friction and pressure ion pulses, and a BZX55C3V3 Zener diode and a TVS transient voltage suppressor diode are connected in reverse parallel). Optocoupler relay switches are used to control the path and provide opto-isolation of the stable DC power output from the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the safe power output from the rectification-division-filtering-overvoltage protection module. Supercapacitor energy storage modules are used to store input electrical energy; The main control microprocessor module (STM32F103) is used to acquire the photovoltaic voltage signal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, the rainwater energy voltage signal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module, and the voltage signal of the supercapacitor energy storage module, to determine the energy and energy storage status, and to output on / off control signals. The current amplification and power drive chip (Darlington array driver chip UNL2003) amplifies the on / off control signal and outputs it to the optocoupler relay switch for intelligent control. like Figure 5As shown, the DC high-efficiency buck regulator module includes a DC buck chip U6, a ceramic filter capacitor C2 and an electrolytic capacitor C1, a power inductor U7, a reverse polarity protection diode D3, a first feedback resistor R5, a second feedback resistor R4, a TVS Zener diode ZD2, a bidirectional transient suppression diode UB, a ceramic filter capacitor C5, a third feedback resistor R3, a filter capacitor C3, a voltage divider pull-down resistor R10, and a voltage divider pull-up resistor R11. The DC buck chip U6 is model XL4016E1, the ceramic filter capacitor C2 has a capacitance of 0.1μF, and the electrolytic capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 100μF. The reverse polarity protection diode D3 is model 1N4. 148; Power inductor U7 is a 33μH / 12A shielded power inductor, model SRP1265A-330M; the first feedback resistor R5 has a resistance of 10kΩ, the second feedback resistor R4 has a resistance of 1.2kΩ, the Zener diode ZD2 is model BZX55C3V3, the bidirectional transient suppression diode UB is model SMBJ6.5CA, the ceramic filter capacitor C5 has a capacitance of 0.1μF, the third feedback resistor R3 has a resistance of 3.6kΩ, the filter capacitor C3 has a capacitance of 10nF, the voltage divider pull-down resistor R10 has a resistance of 22kΩ, and the voltage divider pull-up resistor R11 has a resistance of 220kΩ; The circuit of the DC high-efficiency buck conditioning module includes a main input circuit, a core buck conversion circuit, a feedback voltage divider and regulator network, and an output filtering and protection circuit.

[0026] The main input circuit is as follows: the output terminal of the 12V monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is connected to the SOLAR node, serving as the input power for the entire buck module; the SOLAR node is simultaneously connected to the VIN pin (pin 5) of the DC buck chip U6, one end of the ceramic filter capacitor C2, and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C1. The other end of the ceramic filter capacitor C2 and the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C1 are both connected to GND. In this embodiment, the electrolytic capacitor C1 and the ceramic filter capacitor C2 are connected in parallel to form an input filter network, filtering out high-frequency ripples and spikes from the photovoltaic input.

[0027] The core buck converter circuit is as follows: the SW pin (pin 3) of the DC buck chip U6 is connected to one end of the power inductor U7, and the other end of the power inductor U7 is the main output node V_OUT of the module; the cathode of the reverse polarity protection diode D3 is connected to the SW pin of the DC buck chip U6, and the anode is connected to GND, providing a freewheeling path for the inductor and releasing inductor energy when the switch is turned off to maintain continuous output current; one end of the third feedback resistor R3 is connected to the main output node V_OUT, and the other end is connected to the FB pin (pin 2) of the DC buck chip U6, providing bias and voltage divider paths for the feedback network; the filter capacitor C3 is connected in series with the first feedback resistor R5, with one end connected to the main output node V_OUT and the other end connected to the VC pin (pin 4) of the DC buck chip U6, forming the chip's frequency compensation / soft-start network, used to optimize loop stability and suppress switching noise; the GND pin (pin 1) of the DC buck chip U6 is directly connected to system ground GND.

[0028] The feedback voltage divider and regulator network is as follows: the main output node V_OUT is connected to one end of the second feedback resistor R4, and the other end of R4 is connected to the FB pin (pin 2) of the DC step-down chip U6. The FB pin is also connected to the main output node V_OUT through the third feedback resistor R3, and to GND through the internal circuit or the external resistor R4, together forming a voltage divider feedback network to stabilize the output voltage at 5V.

[0029] The output filtering and protection circuit is as follows: one end of the ceramic filter capacitor C5 is connected to the main output node V_OUT, and the other end is connected to GND. It serves as a high-frequency filter capacitor for the output, filtering out high-frequency switching noise at the output and stabilizing the output ripple. One end of the bidirectional transient suppression diode UB is connected to the main output node V_OUT, and the other end is connected to GND. It acts as a transient voltage suppression and protection device at the output, absorbing surges and electrostatic spikes to prevent overvoltage damage to subsequent circuits. The Zener diode ZD2 is connected in series with the voltage divider pull-down resistor R10, with one end connected to the main output node V_OUT and the other end connected to the detection node. At the same time, the other end of the Zener diode ZD2 is connected to one end of the bidirectional transient suppression diode UB, forming an auxiliary clamping or voltage detection branch. One end of the voltage divider pull-down resistor R10 is connected to the main output node V_OUT, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode ZD2; one end of the voltage divider pull-up resistor R11 is connected to the main output node V_OUT, and the other end is connected to GND; the connection point between the voltage divider pull-down resistor R10 and the voltage divider pull-up resistor R11 serves as the voltage divider sampling point, providing a voltage detection signal for the subsequent microcontroller, and also working with ZD2 to implement the overvoltage threshold detection function.

[0030] like Figure 6As shown, the rectification-voltage divider-filter-overvoltage protection module includes a full-bridge rectifier bridge D4, an upper voltage divider resistor R8, a lower voltage divider resistor R9, a ceramic filter capacitor C4, a Zener diode ZD1, and a transient voltage suppressor diode U9. The full-bridge rectifier bridge D4 is a DB107F, the upper voltage divider resistor R8 has a resistance of 1.1MΩ, the lower voltage divider resistor R9 has a resistance of 18.1kΩ, the ceramic filter capacitor C4 has a capacitance of 0.1 µF, the Zener diode ZD1 is a BZX55C3V3, and the transient voltage suppressor diode U9 is an SMBJ6.5CA.

[0031] The two electrode output terminals of the rainwater energy collector are connected to the AC input terminal of the full-bridge rectifier bridge D4. The DC output terminal of the full-bridge rectifier bridge D4 is connected in series with the upper voltage divider resistor R8 and the lower voltage divider resistor R9, and finally grounded. The connection node of the two resistors is the voltage divider detection node. The ceramic filter capacitor C4 is connected in parallel between the voltage divider detection node and ground. The Zener diode ZD1 is connected in reverse parallel between the voltage divider detection node and ground, forming a double overvoltage clamping protection. The final signal of the voltage divider detection node is connected to the ADC acquisition interface of the main control microprocessor module for the main control to detect the output status of the rainwater energy. In this embodiment, under the impact of raindrops, the rainwater energy collector outputs a non-standard high-impedance alternating pulse signal with a peak value >100 V from the first and second electrodes. This signal is connected to the AC input of the full-bridge rectifier D4 for full-wave rectification, converting it into a unidirectional pulsed high-voltage DC signal. The rectified output is connected to a high-precision resistor divider network composed of a 1.1 MΩ upper voltage divider resistor R8 and an 18.1 kΩ lower voltage divider resistor R9, which proportionally and safely reduces the input high-voltage signal to 0~3.3 V. A 0.1 μF ceramic filter capacitor C4 is connected in parallel at the voltage divider node to smooth the ripple of friction and pressure ion pulses. At the same time, a Zener diode ZD1 and a transient voltage suppression diode U9 are connected in reverse parallel. This dual overvoltage clamping protection design completely isolates the risk of the instantaneous high-voltage spike of rainwater energy damaging the low-power microcontroller core.

[0032] like Figure 7 As shown, the main control microprocessor module includes a microcontroller U1, model STM32F103. The photovoltaic detection signal, after voltage division and filtering, is connected to pin PA4 (ADC acquisition interface) of microcontroller U1; the rainwater energy detection signal, after voltage division and filtering, is connected to pin PA5 (ADC acquisition interface) of microcontroller U1; the voltage detection signal of the supercapacitor is connected to pin PA6 (ADC acquisition interface) of microcontroller U1; pin PB10 of microcontroller U1 serves as the control signal output terminal for the photovoltaic path, connected to the current amplification and power drive chip; pin PB11 of microcontroller U1 serves as the control signal output terminal for the rainwater energy path, connected to the current amplification and power drive chip.

[0033] like Figure 8 As shown, the current amplification and power drive chip is Darlington transistor array driver chip U2, model UNL2003. The weak current control signal output from pin PB10 of microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 1B of Darlington transistor array driver chip U2; the weak current control signal output from pin PB11 of microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 2B of Darlington transistor array driver chip U2; pin 1C of Darlington transistor array driver chip U2 is connected to the coil control terminal of the photovoltaic path optocoupler relay; pin 2C of Darlington transistor array driver chip U2 is connected to the coil control terminal of the rainwater energy path optocoupler relay; the COM pin of Darlington transistor array driver chip U2 is connected to the system power supply. The freewheeling diode integrated inside Darlington transistor array driver chip U2 can suppress back electromotive force when the relay coil is disconnected, protecting the main control unit.

[0034] like Figure 9 As shown, the optocoupler relay switch includes optocoupler U3, transistor Q1, pull-up resistor R2, relay K1, diode D1, optocoupler U4, transistor Q2, pull-up resistor R1, relay K2, diode D2, voltage divider pull-up resistor R6, voltage divider pull-down resistor R7, Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D5, and Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D6. Optocouplers U3 and U4 are both PC817-4, transistors Q1 and Q2 are both S8050, pull-up resistors R1 and R2 are both 10kΩ, diodes D1 and D2 are both 1N4148, voltage divider pull-up resistor R6 is 1.5kΩ, and voltage divider pull-down resistor R7 is 1kΩ.

[0035] The supercapacitor energy storage module includes a supercapacitor U5, a Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D5 and a Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D6, an energy storage filter capacitor C6, and a power supply filter capacitor C7. The supercapacitor U5 is a V-type 5V / 1F supercapacitor, model VEC5R5105Q. The Schottky reverse polarity protection diodes D5 and D6 are both model 1N5819. The capacitance of the energy storage filter capacitor C6 is 0.1 µF, and the capacitance of the power supply filter capacitor C7 is 47 µF.

[0036] The circuitry for optocoupler relay switches and supercapacitor energy storage modules includes photovoltaic pathways and rainwater energy pathways. The photovoltaic (PV) power supply path is as follows: Pin 1 of optocoupler U3 is connected to the main control signal input (the signal amplified by the ULN2003 chip from the STM32 microcontroller), pin 2 is connected to system ground, pin 3 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1, and pin 4 is connected to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded, and the base of transistor Q1 is simultaneously connected to a +5V DC power supply through pull-up resistor R2. The collector is connected to pin 2 of the relay K1 coil. Pin 5 of the relay K1 coil is connected to a +5V DC power supply, and pin 2 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1. Diode D1 is connected in anti-parallel across the coil to absorb the back electromotive force when the coil is turned off. The 5V output from the PV power supply, after being stepped down by DC buck chip U6, is then divided by pull-up resistor R6 and pull-down resistor R7 before being connected to the normally open contact input of relay K1. The normally open contact output terminal of relay K1 is connected in series with Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D6 and then connected to the positive terminal of supercapacitor U5 to achieve energy collection. The negative terminal of supercapacitor U5 is grounded.

[0037] The rainwater energy path is as follows: Pin 1 of optocoupler U4 is connected to the main control signal input, pin 2 is connected to system ground; pin 3 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q2, and pin 4 is connected to the base of transistor Q2. The emitter of transistor Q2 is grounded, and the base is connected to a +5V DC power supply through a pull-up resistor R1 (10kΩ); the collector is connected to pin 2 of the coil of relay K2; pin 5 of the relay K2 coil is connected to a +5V DC power supply, and pin 2 is connected to the collector of transistor Q2; diode D2 is connected in anti-parallel across the coil of relay K2 to absorb the back electromotive force when the coil is turned off. The rectified and stepped-down 5V rainwater energy is connected to the normally open contact input of relay K2. The normally open contact output of relay K2 is connected in series with a Schottky reverse polarity protection diode D5 to the positive terminal of supercapacitor U5, and the negative terminal of supercapacitor U5 is grounded. Example 3

[0038] The encapsulation method for the above-mentioned triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system includes the following steps: (1) Mix deep eutectic solvent (DES), nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator, heat and stir to obtain ion gel solution; coat the ion gel solution into the cavity of a mold constructed with a conductive tape as the boundary, and irradiate with ultraviolet light to solidify and form an ion gel functional layer. (2) The ion gel functional layer is attached to the incident light surface of the solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer is covered on the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. Then, another conductive tape (aluminum tape) is adhered to the upper surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer as a conductive electrode, and the spatial projection position of the conductive tape is controlled to not overlap with the lead-out end of the conductive tape of the ion gel functional layer. (3) The ion gel functional layer serves as the first electrode, and the conductive electrode serves as the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system, and the solar panel is connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system to complete the encapsulation. Example 4

[0039] The packaging method for a triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system described in Example 3 differs in that: In step (1), the deep eutectic solvent (DES) is at least one of urea-based deep eutectic solvent, amide-based deep eutectic solvent, polyol-based deep eutectic solvent, and carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvent; The nonionic monomer is at least one of 4-acryloylmorpholine (ACMO), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA), and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (PEGMA). The cationic monomer is at least one of 3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylamide (DMAPS), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA), methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC), and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (AETMAC); The crosslinking agent is at least one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), and diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA); The photoinitiator is at least one of phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (LAP), initiator 819, initiator 2959, and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO); The deep eutectic solvent (DES) is at least one of urea-choline chloride DES, thiourea-choline chloride DES, ethylene glycol-choline chloride DES, and citrate-choline chloride DES. In step (1), the heating temperature is 50~100 ℃ and the stirring time is 20~60 min.

[0040] The heating temperature is 70~90 ℃, and the stirring time is 25~40 min.

[0041] In step (1), the curing time is 5~20 min; The curing time is 10 minutes.

[0042] In step (1), the thickness of the ion gel functional layer is 50~500 μm and the ionic conductivity is ≥1×10⁻³ S / cm.

[0043] The thickness is 250~400 μm.

[0044] In step (1), the mass ratio of deep eutectic solvent (DES), nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator is 0.5~5:0.2~2:0.2~2:0.0112~0.224:0.005~0.05; The mass ratio is 1~2:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.056~0.112:0.01~0.02.

[0045] In step (2), the transparent film encapsulation layer is at least one of the following: a fluoroplastic film with high electronegativity and high transparency, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, and a modified silicone film; Fluoroplastic films are at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), perfluoroalkylated copolymer (PFA), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), amorphous fluoropolymer (Cytop), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer (THV); The transparent film is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP). In step (2), the conductive electrode is at least one of a metal electrode, a carbon-based composite electrode, and a conductive polymer composite electrode; The metal electrode is at least one of aluminum electrode, copper electrode, platinum electrode, tweezers / copper electrode, and tweezers / aluminum electrode; The carbon-based composite electrode is at least one of the following: carbon nanotube composite electrode, graphene / redox graphene composite electrode, and carbon fiber composite electrode.

[0046] The conductive electrode is an aluminum electrode.

[0047] Preparation of deep eutectic solvent (DES) in this embodiment: Choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:2 and heated and stirred continuously in an 80 ℃ water bath or oil bath environment for 3 h until the reaction is complete and the mixture is completely transformed into a clear and transparent deep eutectic solvent liquid. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature for later use.

[0048] Accurately weigh 1g of DES, 0.5g of the first monomer 4-acryloylmorpholine (ACMO), 0.5g of the second monomer 3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylamide (DMAPS), 0.056g of the crosslinking agent polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and 0.01g of the photoinitiator phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl lithium phosphine (LAP), and mix thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous and transparent ion gel prepolymer solution. Place the ion gel prepolymer solution in a water bath at 80 ℃ and stir under constant temperature and sealed conditions for 30 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed ion gel solution. Take 350 μL of ionogel solution and uniformly coat it into the cavity of a mold constructed with conductive tape as the boundary. The thickness of the mold frame is strictly matched with the thickness of the target ionogel functional layer. One end of the conductive tape is in close contact with the ionogel layer and is used as the first electrode to lead out the subsequently generated mixed conductive electrical signal.

[0049] The mold coated with the gel solution was placed under a UV lamp (wavelength 365 nm) for photocuring and polymerization for 10 min. Under the catalysis of the photoinitiator LAP, the ACMO nonionic polymer segments and DMAPS cationic segments copolymerized and crosslinked into a three-dimensional spatial network in the DES medium, resulting in an ionic gel functional layer with an asymmetric network thickness of approximately 350 µm.

[0050] (2) such as Figure 1 As shown, the molded ionogel functional layer (the first electrode of the rainwater harvester) is attached to the incident light surface of the solar panel, achieving seamless interface contact through the self-adhesion of the gel. An FEP thin-film encapsulation layer is then applied to the side of the ionogel functional layer furthest from the solar panel. Aluminum tape is used as the top second electrode of the rainwater harvester, adhered and fixed to the upper surface of the FEP. The spatial projection position of the top conductive electrode is controlled to avoid overlap with the lead-out end of the bottom conductive tape, thereby effectively eliminating the parasitic capacitance effect between the two electrodes.

[0051] (3) The ion gel functional layer serves as the first electrode of the rainwater energy collector, and the aluminum tape serves as the second electrode of the rainwater energy collector. The first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to the circuit of the rain-solar dual-energy charging system. At the same time, the solar panel is connected to the circuit of the rain-solar dual-energy charging system to complete the system encapsulation.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the raindrop energy collector integrated in this embodiment outputs an electrical signal based on a dual-mechanism coupling of liquid-solid triboelectric charging and localized deformation pressure ions. The process is divided into four stages: initial static equilibrium (i), rainwater contact excitation and localized impact deformation (ii), charge spatial migration and discharge (iii), and rainwater departure and system elastic recovery (iv). Details are as follows: State (i): The surface of the FEP encapsulation layer has a stable surface static charge due to previous contact friction. The fixed backbone cations and free anions inside the ion gel are in a state of uniform electrical equilibrium, and there is no current in the circuit.

[0053] State (ii): When a water droplet impacts the top-layer FEP film, the droplet contacts and becomes charged on the FEP surface, causing a sharp increase in the negative charge density on the FEP surface. Simultaneously, the pulsed gravitational shock wave from the raindrop propagates downwards, causing localized non-uniform microscopic deformation (i.e., an instantaneous strain gradient) in the flexible ionogel functional layer. Since cations are fixed to the framework and constrained by steric hindrance, they cannot move. Meanwhile, free anions within the channels undergo asymmetric directional migration towards the periphery under the drive of the stress gradient. This induces an additional pressure-ion instantaneous potential difference at the interface between the first electrode (ionogel functional layer) and the second electrode (aluminum tape) of the rainwater collector. This potential difference superimposes in the same direction as the triboelectric potential difference, synergistically driving the construction of the electrical double layer (EDL) at the polymer network and electrode interface.

[0054] State (iii): As the droplet spreads to its maximum area and comes into contact with the top aluminum tape electrode, the potential difference between the conductive electrode and the ion gel breaks the equilibrium, driving electrons to flow from the first electrode to the top conductive electrode in the external circuit, generating an enhanced positive pulse current.

[0055] State (iv): When the water droplet shrinks under the influence of gravity and rebound force and is about to detach from the FEP surface, the effective solid-liquid contact area decreases rapidly, and the surface induced charge decreases. Simultaneously, due to its inherently excellent elasticity, the ionogel instantly recovers its mechanical structure after the external force is removed, eliminating the internal strain gradient and allowing the deviated anions to return to their original position. In this dual-release state, electrons in the external circuit flow back in the opposite direction, forming a reverse pulse current in the circuit. This current returns to zero after the water droplet has completely departed, completing one dual-mechanism coupled rain energy conversion cycle.

[0056] Operation process: Photovoltaic charging: The microcontroller reads the three voltage channels in real time to determine the energy output status and stored energy. When the current energy storage voltage of the supercapacitor is detected to be lower than 4.5V, the system is in a state of low power and urgently needs charging. At this time, the main controller prioritizes scanning the photovoltaic status. If the photovoltaic voltage is valid, the microcontroller outputs a high-level control signal to the PB10 pin. This weak signal is sent to the input of the Darlington transistor array driver chip for current amplification, driving the internal coil of the first 5V optocoupler relay, causing its normally open contact to close. The 5V energy after photovoltaic voltage reduction begins to efficiently charge the 5V / 1F supercapacitor.

[0057] Adaptive switching during rainy weather: If the photovoltaic input fails during the rainy season or at night, and the microcontroller detects a continuous rain pulse signal at port PA4, it immediately shuts down PB10 and outputs a high level to PB11. After amplification by the Darlington transistor array driver chip, the second optocoupler relay closes, connecting the safe power after rectification, filtering, and voltage reduction of the rainwater to the positive terminal of the supercapacitor. The physical opto-isolation characteristics of the dual optocoupler relays completely decouple the high-impedance rain energy path from the low-impedance photovoltaic path, thoroughly eliminating the risk of reverse charging or short-circuit interference when mismatched heterogeneous power supplies converge at the back end.

[0058] Overcharge protection: When the microcontroller detects a voltage of 4.9V or higher from the supercapacitor, it determines that the charge is saturated. To prevent overcharging from damaging the device, the microcontroller immediately pulls both PB10 and PB11 pins low, the Darlington transistor array driver chip stops outputting, and the internally integrated freewheeling diode instantly suppresses the reverse electromotive force generated by the relay coil and quickly releases the residual current. With both relays disconnected, the charging link is completely cut off, entering an adaptive, all-weather, stable, and safe power supply cycle.

Claims

1. A triboelectric-piezoelectric synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system, characterized in that, This includes integrated energy harvesting devices and rain-solar dual-energy charging systems; Integrated energy harvesting devices include rainwater harvesters and solar panels; The rainwater energy collector includes an ion gel functional layer, a transparent thin film encapsulation layer, and conductive electrodes; An ion gel functional layer is attached to the surface of a solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer covers the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. A conductive electrode is attached above the surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer, and the vertical projection position of the conductive electrode does not coincide with the ion gel functional layer. The ion gel functional layer, conductive electrodes, and solar panels are connected to a rain-solar dual-energy charging system.

2. The triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Rainlight dual-energy charging system includes a DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, a rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module, a main control microprocessor module, a current amplification and power drive chip, an optocoupler relay switch, and a supercapacitor energy storage module; The input terminal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module is connected to a solar panel, the input terminal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module is connected to the ion gel functional layer and conductive electrode of the rainwater energy collector, and the output terminals of both the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module are connected to an optocoupler relay switch and a main control microprocessor module. The main control microprocessor module, current amplification and power drive chip, optocoupler relay switch and supercapacitor energy storage module are connected in sequence; the supercapacitor energy storage module is connected to the main control microprocessor module. The DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module is used to reduce the wide-voltage DC output from the solar panel to a stable DC output with an appropriate voltage. The rectification-voltage divider-filtering-overvoltage protection module is used to convert the rainwater energy output from the rainwater energy collector into pulsating DC power and reduce it to a safe voltage. Optocoupler relay switches are used to control the path and provide opto-isolation of the stable DC power output from the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module and the safe power output from the rectification-division-filtering-overvoltage protection module. Supercapacitor energy storage modules are used to store input electrical energy; The main control microprocessor module is used to collect the photovoltaic voltage signal of the DC high-efficiency step-down conditioning module, the rainwater energy voltage signal of the rectification-division-filter-overvoltage protection module, and the voltage signal of the supercapacitor energy storage module, to determine the energy and energy storage status, and to output on / off control signals. The current amplification and power drive chip amplifies the on / off control signal and outputs it to the optocoupler relay switch for intelligent control.

3. The packaging method of the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps include the following: (1) Mix the deep eutectic solvent, nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator, and heat and stir to obtain an ion gel solution; coat the ion gel solution into the cavity of a mold constructed with a conductive tape as the boundary, and irradiate with ultraviolet light to solidify and form an ion gel functional layer; (2) The ion gel functional layer is attached to the incident light surface of the solar panel, and a transparent thin film encapsulation layer is covered on the ion gel functional layer and the solar panel. Then, another conductive tape is adhered to the upper surface of the transparent thin film encapsulation layer as a conductive electrode, and the spatial projection position of the conductive tape is controlled to not overlap with the lead-out end of the conductive tape of the ion gel functional layer. (3) The ion gel functional layer serves as the first electrode, and the aluminum tape serves as the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system, and the solar panel is connected to the rain-light dual-energy charging system to complete the encapsulation.

4. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the eutectic solvent is at least one of urea-based eutectic solvents, amide-based eutectic solvents, polyol-based eutectic solvents, and carboxylic acid-based eutectic solvents; The nonionic monomer is at least one of 4-acryloylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate; The cationic monomer is at least one of 3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride. The crosslinking agent is at least one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and diethylene glycol diacrylate; The photoinitiator is at least one of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, initiator 819, initiator 2959, and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide.

5. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the eutectic solvent is at least one of urea-choline chloride DES, thiourea-choline chloride DES, ethylene glycol-choline chloride DES, and citric acid-choline chloride DES.

6. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of deep eutectic solvent, nonionic monomer, cationic monomer, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator is 0.5~5:0.2~2:0.2~2:0.0112~0.224:0.005~0.

05.

7. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the heating temperature is 50~100 ℃, the stirring time is 20~60 min, and the curing time is 5~20 min.

8. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the ionogel functional layer is 50~500 μm, and the ionic conductivity is ≥1×10⁻³ S / cm.

9. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the transparent film encapsulation layer is at least one of the following: a fluoroplastic film with high electronegativity and high transparency, a polydimethylsiloxane film, and a modified silicone film. Fluoroplastic films are at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymers, perfluorinated alkylated copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, amorphous fluororesins, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymers.

10. The packaging method for the triboelectric-piezo-ion synergistic rain-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the conductive electrode is at least one of a metal electrode, a carbon-based composite electrode, and a conductive polymer composite electrode; The metal electrode is at least one of aluminum electrode, copper electrode, platinum electrode, tweezers / copper electrode, and tweezers / aluminum electrode; The carbon-based composite electrode is at least one of the following: carbon nanotube composite electrode, graphene / redox graphene composite electrode, and carbon fiber composite electrode.

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