An elevated road sound barrier coupling wind, light and heat sound energy recovery power generation integrated module and installation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of elevated road sound barrier coupling wind light heat sound energy recovery power generation integrated module and installation method.The module is from road side to outside side in turn includes: micro-perforated resonance sound absorption layer (alpha >=0.85, Rw >=25dB), acoustic cavity·micro vertical axis wind power generation array (Savonius-Darrieus hybrid impeller Phi 80-200mm, 2-4 per meter), piezoelectric-electromagnetic vibration energy collection layer (PZT+electromagnetic vibrator, 0.5-2W / m2), photovoltaic-temperature difference composite power generation layer (single crystal silicon PV >=20%+Bi2Te3 base TEG, PV backboard is hot end), phase change heat storage buffer and cold end heat dissipation layer (paraffin PCM 35-55 DEG C+heat pipe+fin), immediate replacement frame column interface (compatible H-shaped steel column bayonet, single block replacement <=10 minutes), edge control cavity (4-way MPPT+super capacity+lithium battery hybrid energy storage+DC / AC inverter+4G / IoT).Four-source coupling comprehensive peak power density is 150-270W / m2, annual power generation is 150-250kWh / m2, and power supply is provided for road lighting / monitoring / charging pile.The comprehensive cost is <=1,600 yuan per meter, and incremental recovery period is about 5 years, and net income difference is about 6,600 yuan per meter in 20 years, meets GB 3096-2008, GB / T 5134.7, HJ 2.4-2009 requirements, and design life is >=20 years.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road traffic noise control and new energy utilization technology, specifically to a standardized module that can replace existing elevated road / urban expressway sound barriers and has the functions of sound absorption and insulation as well as multi-source power generation (vehicle-induced wind energy, solar photovoltaic, thermoelectric temperature difference, noise / vibration piezoelectricity) and its installation and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid expansion of my country's urban expressway and highway network, the total length of highways nationwide will reach approximately 5.48 million kilometers by the end of 2025, including about 190,000 kilometers of expressways and over 15,000 kilometers of urban expressways. To mitigate the impact of traffic noise on residents along these routes, numerous sound barriers have been installed along elevated roads and urban expressways. The total length of sound barriers already built nationwide is estimated to exceed 15 million meters, with an annual increase of approximately 800,000 to 1.2 million meters.

[0003] Existing sound barriers are classified into three main categories based on their structure: upright, semi-enclosed (with folded top panels), and fully enclosed (arched / box-shaped). They are mainly composed of H-shaped steel columns and sound-absorbing / sound-insulating panels (metal, glass, acrylic, or cement-based). They only have the single function of noise control and do not generate any energy revenue. Moreover, they are expensive (approximately 500-700 yuan / linear meter for upright barriers and 2,000-3,500 yuan / linear meter for fully enclosed barriers). During operation, they require regular cleaning, replacement, and recycling, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0004] In recent years, a small number of "photovoltaic sound barrier" solutions have emerged, which hang photovoltaic modules on the top or outside of the barrier. However, they have the following shortcomings: (1) They only utilize solar radiation as a single energy source and do not utilize the abundant energy sources such as traffic-induced wind, road surface radiation heat, and traffic noise / vibration; (2) The photovoltaic modules block the sound-absorbing surface, resulting in a decrease in noise reduction effect. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules and the sound-absorbing structure are independent of each other and have redundant structures; (3) The wind pressure resistance and anti-glare design are insufficient, posing a driving safety hazard; (4) The cost is too high (generally RMB 2,500–4,000 per linear meter), and the investment recovery period is as long as 10 years or more, making it difficult to promote on a large scale.

[0005] Meanwhile, elevated road scenarios have the following four types of neglected recyclable energy: (1) Vehicle-induced wind energy - when vehicles pass by the barrier at 60–100 km / h, they form a pulsating airflow and wake of 5–15 m / s, especially in sections with heavy traffic, the energy density is significant; (2) Solar radiation energy - the barrier facade is continuous and open, and the annual solar radiation on the vertical surface is about 600–900 kWh / m² (depending on latitude and orientation); (3) Road surface radiative heat - the temperature of asphalt road surface is 50–70℃ in summer and 5–25℃ in winter, with a continuous temperature difference with the base of the barrier and the ambient air; (4) Traffic noise / vibration energy - the sound pressure level of urban expressways is 80–95 dB, and the vibration spectrum is rich, which can be recovered into electrical energy by piezoelectric and electromagnetic devices.

[0006] In the existing technologies: (1) Micro vertical axis wind power generation has been maturely applied in urban street lights, wind power street lights and other scenarios, but no system-level solution integrated with sound barriers has been found; (2) Bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric power generation (TEG) technology is mature, but building photovoltaic-thermal difference coupling is mostly seen on roofs, and the vertical barrier scenario is almost blank; (3) Piezoelectric / electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting has been studied more in bridges and mechanical equipment, but no engineering solution has been found in sound barriers; (4) The above four types of energy are coupled, coordinated and smoothed out by hybrid energy storage in the same module, but no system-level solution has been found.

[0007] Furthermore, the existing connection methods (welding / bolting) between sound barriers and existing H-shaped steel columns are mostly non-removable or complex to disassemble and assemble. Replacement requires the removal of the columns and foundations, resulting in high construction costs, long construction periods, and significant traffic disruption. There is an urgent need for a replaceable snap-fit ​​structure that can quickly replace modules at night (≤10 minutes / module) while preserving the existing columns, and achieve multi-functional integration of power generation, sound absorption and insulation, network monitoring, and road load power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Purpose of the invention

[0009] This invention aims to provide an integrated module and installation method for wind, solar, thermoelectric, and acoustic energy recovery and power generation of elevated road sound barriers, solving technical problems such as the single function of existing sound barriers, lack of energy revenue, unutilized vehicle-induced wind / road surface heat / traffic vibration energy, difficulty in replacing existing columns, high cost, and long payback period. This invention simultaneously achieves the following through a replaceable standardized module: ① Traffic noise control (meeting the requirements of GB 3096-2008, GB / T 5134.7, and HJ 2.4-2009); ② Energy recovery and power generation from four sources (vehicle-induced wind, photovoltaic, thermoelectric temperature difference, and noise / vibration piezoelectricity); ③ Off-grid / grid power supply for roadside facilities such as road lighting, monitoring, variable message signs, and electric vehicle charging stations; ④ Replaceable mounting points compatible with existing H-shaped steel columns, allowing for rapid replacement at night without interrupting traffic. The module has a design life of ≥20 years, an incremental investment payback period of approximately 5 years, and a net benefit difference of ≥6,000 yuan / linear meter over 20 years.

[0010] Technical solution

[0011] The module of this invention integrates the following seven layers sequentially from the roadside (facing the traffic flow) to the outer side (facing away from the traffic flow) (see claim 1 for details). Figure 1 , Figure 2 ):

[0012] (i) Micro-perforated resonant sound-absorbing layer: micro-perforated aluminum plate (perforation rate 1-3%, pore size 0.8-1.2mm, plate thickness 0.6-1.2mm) + back air layer (30-80mm) + porous sound-absorbing cotton, forming a Helmholtz resonant cavity structure with a weighted sound insulation Rw≥25dB ​​and a 500Hz sound absorption coefficient α≥0.85, covering the main frequency band of traffic noise; this layer also serves as the front wall of the acoustic cavity, and the lower air intake grille and upper air exhaust grille of the cavity form a through airflow channel.

[0013] (II) Acoustic cavity-micro vertical axis wind power generation array: Multiple Savonius-Darrieus hybrid vertical axis wind turbine generators are evenly arranged along the height direction in the air inlet channel of the acoustic cavity. The rotor diameter is Φ80–200mm, with 2–6 units per module. Each unit is equipped with an independent fairing and a one-way clutch to capture vehicle-induced wind energy (5–15m / s pulsating airflow). The rated power of a single unit is 5–30W.

[0014] (III) Piezoelectric-electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting layer: PZT piezoelectric ceramic sheet array (20×10×0.5mm or 30×15×1mm per sheet, 20–60 sheets per module) and miniature electromagnetic permanent magnet oscillators are attached to the back of the panel and the inner side of the column connector. They are excited by traffic noise sound pressure pulsation (80–95dB) and column structure vibration (fundamental frequency 50–200Hz), with a power density of 0.5–2W / m² per unit area, to power low-power IoT nodes.

[0015] (iv) Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Composite Power Generation Layer: The upper layer consists of monocrystalline silicon or HJT heterojunction photovoltaic modules (photovoltaic efficiency ≥20%, vertical installed power density 120–180W / m²), and the lower layer consists of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based thermoelectric conversion modules (n-type doped with I 0.5–2wt%, p-type doped with Sb and Se 0.5–2wt%, ZT≥0.8@300K). The photovoltaic backsheet is thermally coupled to the TEG hot end via thermally conductive silicone grease (PV backsheet Th=50–75℃). The shaded side is maintained at TEG cold end Tc≤35℃ via heat pipes and fins, forming a continuous temperature difference ΔT=15–40℃ to drive TEG power generation (5–15W / m² at ΔT=20℃, 15–30W / m² at ΔT=35℃). The photovoltaic and TEG are connected in parallel to the busbar via reverse blocking diodes.

[0016] (v) Phase change heat storage buffer and cold end heat dissipation layer: paraffin-based PCM (phase change temperature 35–55℃, latent heat value ≥180kJ / kg, heat storage density 6–10 kg / m²) + copper-water heat pipe array (equivalent thermal conductivity ≥8,000 W / (m·K)) + shaded side aluminum alloy fins (thickness 0.3–0.8mm, spacing 15–25mm), to smooth temperature fluctuations and support continuous TEG power generation at night for 2–4 hours, maintaining Tc≤35℃.

[0017] (vi) Frame and column interface: aluminum alloy or galvanized steel frame, with elastic stainless steel buckles (12-18mm wide) and M12 anti-fall bolts (anchoring depth ≥60mm) compatible with the existing H-shaped steel column flange plates on the back, realizing replaceable buckle fixing, single module replacement time ≤10 minutes, without the need to remove the existing column.

[0018] (vii) Edge control chamber: four independent MPPTs (one each for wind power / PV / TEG / piezoelectric) + DC-DC boost (48V) + supercapacitor (0.1–0.5kWh) + lithium iron phosphate (2–5kWh) hybrid energy storage + DC / AC inverter (AC220V / 50Hz) + lightning protection + 4G / IoT interface, supporting grid-connected / off-grid dual modes and remote monitoring.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] I. Functional Integration: A single module simultaneously achieves sound absorption and insulation (meeting the requirements of GB 3096-2008 and GB / T 5134.7) and four-source power generation (comprehensive peak power density of 150–270 W / m², annual power generation of 150–250 kWh / m²), making it the first system-level solution in China and abroad to couple wind, solar, thermal and acoustic sources into a sound barrier;

[0021] II. Replacement Installation: The modular bayonet structure is compatible with existing H-shaped steel columns, allowing for rapid replacement at night without interrupting traffic (≤10 minutes / piece), achieving 100% utilization of existing columns, avoiding civil construction and minimizing the impact on traffic and urban operations.

[0022] III. Significant economic benefits: The overall construction cost is ≤1,600 yuan / linear meter, compared to an incremental investment of approximately 900-1,100 yuan / linear meter for traditional sound barriers (500-700 yuan / linear meter); the annual power generation revenue is approximately 380 yuan / linear meter, the incremental payback period is approximately 5 years, the design life is 20 years, and the net benefit difference over 20 years is approximately 6,600 yuan / linear meter; at the same time, it replaces grid connection / power extraction construction, saving approximately 500,000-1,000,000 yuan in power distribution engineering costs per kilometer of road;

[0023] IV. Energy Storage Guarantee: The hybrid energy storage of supercapacitors and lithium iron phosphate supports off-grid power supply for loads such as road lighting, monitoring, variable message signs, and electric vehicle charging piles for 8–24 hours, improving the power supply reliability and disaster resistance of road ancillary facilities;

[0024] V. Noise Control Upgrade: The sound-absorbing structure is independently and completely retained on the outside of the power generation module. The introduction of the power generation unit not only does not weaken the noise reduction capability, but also improves the low-frequency sound absorption performance (500Hz α≥0.85) by increasing the acoustic cavity depth.

[0025] VI. Smart Road Empowerment: The module has a built-in 4G / IoT interface, which can be connected to the smart road management platform, and the sound barrier is upgraded into a distributed "road noise-vibration-energy efficiency-environment" integrated sensing node, providing edge data for smart highways and vehicle-road collaboration;

[0026] VII. Promotability: The module has a simple structure (aluminum alloy + thermoelectric + small fan + conventional electronic components), mature materials and processes, high localization rate, and can be mass-produced in the existing industrial chain of the sound barrier industry. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the modular system structure and four-source energy flow of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view and dimension annotation of the module of the present invention from the road side to the outer side;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the four-source coupling of wind, solar, thermal, and acoustic energy and the electrothermal energy flow of the module of this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the roadside micro-perforated sound-absorbing structure and the micro vertical axis wind turbine array of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the interchangeable bayonet installation structure of the module of this invention with existing H-beam steel columns;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the multi-source electrical cascade bus and energy storage inverter system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the economic efficiency of the module of this invention with that of traditional sound barriers (per linear meter, 20 years). Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example 1: Modular Structure and Materials

[0035] This module features a standardized modular structure. Each module measures 2000×1000mm (length×height) and is 120mm thick. The weight of a single module is ≤35kg / m. From the roadside to the outer side, the modules consist of: ① a micro-perforated resonant sound-absorbing layer (0.8mm aluminum plate, 1.0mm pore size, 2% perforation rate, with a 50mm air layer behind it + 30mm porous sound-absorbing cotton, density 24kg / m³); ② three Savonius-Darrieus hybrid vertical acoustic chambers embedded within the acoustic cavity. ① Straight-axis fan (impeller Φ120mm, shroud inlet width 150mm, expansion angle 10°); ② 40 PZT-5H piezoelectric sheets (25×12×0.6mm each) + 8 N52 permanent magnet oscillators attached to the back of the panel and the column; ③ Upper layer monocrystalline silicon PV module (power density 150W / m²) + lower layer Bi2Te3-based TEG module (8 in series, 30mm spacing); ④ Paraffin PCM-45 phase change heat storage layer (thickness 8mm, heat storage density 8... kg / m²) + copper-water heat pipe array (Φ8mm×6 tubes) + shaded side aluminum alloy fins (thickness 0.5mm, spacing 20mm, specific surface area 1100 m² / m³); ⑥ aluminum alloy frame (6063-T5) + elastic stainless steel buckle (15mm wide) + 2 M12 anti-fall bolts; ⑦ edge control cavity: 4-channel MPPT + DC-DC boost 48V + supercapacitor 0.3kWh + lithium iron phosphate 3kWh + 5kW DC / AC inverter + 4G / IoT interface.

[0036] Example 2: Four-source coupling and electrothermal energy flow

[0037] Module working process (see details) Figure 3 ① When vehicles pass at 60–100 km / h, a pulsating wake of 5–15 m / s is formed next to the barrier, which enters the cavity through the acoustic cavity air intake grille and drives a micro vertical axis wind turbine to generate electricity; ② During sunshine, the PV modules convert light energy into electrical energy, and the back panel simultaneously becomes the hot end of the TEG. The heat is guided by heat pipes to the shaded side fins for heat dissipation to maintain the cold end of the TEG; ③ Traffic noise / vibration is converted into electrical energy through piezoelectric and electromagnetic oscillators; ④ The four sources of electricity are fed into the DC48V bus through the control cavity via independent MPPTs, and after being smoothed by hybrid energy storage, they are connected to the grid by the inverter or used to drive local loads. Under typical operating conditions: the peak power of a single module is 270W, including 150W of PV, 20W of TEG, 80W of wind power, and 20W of piezoelectric; the annual power generation is about 400kWh (estimated based on sunshine and typical traffic flow in Shanghai).

[0038] Example 3: Roadside sound-absorbing structure and micro wind power

[0039] Modular road side elevation (see details) Figure 4Three fans are evenly distributed within a 2000mm long × 1000mm high area, corresponding to an acoustic cavity inlet width of 166mm × height of 800mm; the air inlet grille has a 10mm spacing and an opening rate of 60% to intercept large particles of debris; the micro-perforated plate and the air layer behind it form a Helmholtz resonant cavity with a resonant frequency of about 250Hz and a sound absorption coefficient α=0.88 at 500Hz; the overall weighted sound insulation Rw=27dB, which meets the limit requirements of GB 3096-2008 Class 2 area daytime 60dB(A) / nighttime 50dB(A) (the measured daytime sound insulation of a residential building 30m away from the center line of the road is 52dB(A) and the nighttime sound insulation of 43dB(A) are both up to standard).

[0040] Example 4: Replacement installation of H-beam steel columns

[0041] Module installation (see details) Figure 5 The existing H-beam steel columns (HW150×150, 2000mm spacing) will be retained after passing inspection. The existing panels will be removed during nighttime segmented construction. When hoisting new modules, the elastic clips on the back edge of the module will be aligned with the upper and lower edges of the column flange for initial positioning (approximately 15mm insertion depth). Two M12 anti-fall bolts will then be inserted into the pre-drilled holes in the column and electrically tightened (torque 100N·m). Replacement time for a single module is 8 minutes. There will be no demolition of existing columns and foundations, resulting in zero civil engineering work. The 100-meter section (including 50 modules) will be completed within 8 hours during nighttime construction, and traffic will resume before the morning rush hour the following day.

[0042] Example 5: Multi-source electrical cascade and energy storage inverter

[0043] Electrical system (see details) Figure 6 Each module has four sources that output DC48V after independent MPPT. Adjacent modules are cascaded via side fast electrical connectors. Every 12 modules are aggregated into a roadside combiner control cabinet (including diode reverse protection, DC48V combiner bus, hybrid energy storage, 5kW inverter, grid connection switch and protection). The combiner cabinet output is laid to the substation via existing road cable conduits for grid connection. The energy storage adopts a hybrid architecture of supercapacitor (0.3kWh, millisecond response, absorbing instantaneous power fluctuations when vehicles pass) + lithium iron phosphate (3kWh, second response, balancing day and night energy). It supports single-module off-grid operation for 8–24 hours and participates in grid peak shaving as distributed energy storage in grid-connected mode.

[0044] Example 6: Engineering Application and Economic Efficiency of Typical Road Sections

[0045] Taking a 1-kilometer section of an urban expressway in a certain city, from K2+000 to K3+000, as an example: it has six lanes in both directions, with 1,000 linear meters of sound barriers on each side (totaling 2,000 linear meters), an average daily traffic volume of 80,000 vehicles, and heavy vehicles accounting for 15%. The annual solar radiation in Shanghai is approximately 1,100 kWh / m². After deploying 2000 meters of the module of this invention: ① Sound absorption and insulation performance meets standards and environmental protection acceptance is passed; ② Annual power generation is approximately 800 MWh, of which PV accounts for 60%, wind power 25%, TEG 10%, and piezoelectric power 5%; ③ Annual power generation revenue is approximately RMB 4.8 million (85% discount for self-use, electricity price RMB 0.65 / kWh); ④ The comprehensive cost is approximately RMB 32 million, saving RMB 28 million in investment compared to the traditional fully enclosed sound barrier solution (approximately RMB 60 million); ⑤ Compared to the current vertical sound barrier solution (approximately RMB 1.4 million), the incremental investment is approximately RMB 30.6 million, with an incremental payback period of approximately 6.4 years; ⑥ The net benefit difference over a 20-year life cycle is approximately RMB 132 million, demonstrating significant benefits. For detailed economic benchmarking analysis, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 .

[0046] Example 7: Adaptation to various existing sound barrier configurations

[0047] This invention's module is adaptable to various existing sound barrier configurations: upright, semi-enclosed (with a folded plate at the top), fully enclosed (arched / box-shaped), bridge sections (with limited load-bearing capacity), and tunnel entrance transition sections (traffic acceleration / deceleration zones). Rapid replacement can be achieved by adjusting the module thickness, tilt angle, fan configuration, and the number of piezoelectric units (see claim 12). For road sections where the existing sound barrier structure is good but not suitable for complete replacement, an "economical external modification" model can be adopted (see claim 13). This involves adding a power generation unit of this invention's module to the outside of the existing panel, retaining the existing sound absorption and insulation functions while adding power generation capacity, at a cost ≤ 900 yuan / linear meter.

[0048] Example 8: Smart Road Integration

[0049] The module has a built-in 4G / IoT interface (Modbus / OPC-UA protocol) to report data such as power generation, power of the four sources, temperature, sound absorption performance, and vibration spectrum of each module to the smart road management platform. At the same time, the module has embedded noise sensors, vibration sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors, upgrading the sound barrier into a distributed "road noise-vibration-energy efficiency-environment" integrated sensing node, providing edge data support for smart highways and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) cooperation. Maintenance personnel can remotely monitor the module's operating status, perform predictive maintenance, and remotely diagnose faults. The number of maintenance personnel per kilometer has been reduced from 4 to 1, saving approximately 200,000 yuan / kilometer in annual maintenance costs.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent transformations made according to the technical solution of the present invention, such as replacing monocrystalline silicon PV with thin film or perovskite modules, replacing TEG with other low-grade thermoelectric materials, replacing vertical axis fans with other micro wind energy capture devices, replacing piezoelectric materials with other piezoelectric or electromagnetic vibration collection devices, and replacing energy storage with other power type / energy type combinations, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A module for integrated wind-solar-thermal-acoustic energy recovery and power generation coupled with a sound barrier for elevated roads, used to replace existing H-shaped steel column sound barriers for elevated roads or urban expressways, characterized in that... The module integrates the following structural layers sequentially from the roadside (facing traffic flow) to the outer side (facing away from traffic flow): (I) Micro-perforated resonant sound-absorbing layer: using micro-perforated aluminum plate (perforation rate 1–3%, pore size 0.8–1.2 mm, plate thickness 0.6–1.2 mm) + back air layer (thickness 30–80 mm) + porous sound-absorbing cotton, with a sound absorption coefficient α≥0.85 (weighted at 250–2000 Hz) and a sound insulation Rw≥25 dB, meeting the requirements of Class 2 of GB 3096-2008 "Environmental Quality Standard for Noise" and GB / T 5134.

7. Sound barrier related requirements; This layer also serves as the front wall of the acoustic cavity, with an air inlet grille at the bottom and an exhaust grille at the top to form a through airflow channel; (II) Acoustic cavity·micro vertical axis wind power generation array: Multiple micro vertical axis wind power generators are evenly arranged along the height direction of the module in the air inlet channel of the acoustic cavity. The impeller adopts a Savonius-Darrieus hybrid structure with an impeller diameter of Φ80–200mm. 2–6 units are configured in the height direction of a single module. Each unit is equipped with an independent fairing and a one-way clutch. The fairing inlet is aligned with the vehicle's tailflow direction; (III) Piezoelectric-electromagnetic vibration energy collection layer: Piezoelectric ceramic sheet (PZT) arrays and micro electromagnetic vibrators are attached to the back of the module panel and the inner side of the column connector. They are excited by traffic noise sound pressure pulsation (80–95dB) and panel / column structure vibration. The number of piezoelectric units per module is 20–60 pieces, and the size of a single piece is 20×10×0.5mm; (iv) Photovoltaic-thermal-difference composite power generation layer: The upper layer is a monocrystalline silicon or flexible thin-film photovoltaic module (photovoltaic conversion efficiency ≥20%, power density per unit area 120–180W / m²), and the lower layer is a bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based thermoelectric conversion module; the photovoltaic module backsheet is thermally coupled to the hot end of the thermoelectric module via thermally conductive silicone grease, and the photovoltaic backsheet also serves as the hot end of the thermoelectric module. The shaded side of the barrier is maintained at a cold end Tc ≤35℃ via heat pipes + heat dissipation fins; the electrical output of the photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric module is isolated by a reverse blocking diode and then connected in parallel to the DC bus; (v) Phase change heat storage buffer and cold end heat dissipation layer: A phase change heat storage layer (paraffin-based PCM, phase change temperature 35–55℃, heat storage density 6–10 kg / m²) and a heat pipe array (copper-water heat pipe, equivalent thermal conductivity ≥8,000 W / (m·K)) are set between the cold end of the thermoelectric module and the heat dissipation fins on the shaded side to smooth out solar temperature fluctuations and support nighttime TEG. Continuous power generation for 2–4 hours; (vi) Frame and column interface: aluminum alloy profile or galvanized steel frame, with elastic buckle and anti-fall bolt interface compatible with existing H-shaped steel column flange plate on the back of the module, module size 2000×1000mm (length×height), thickness ≤120mm (excluding column), single module weight ≤35kg / m; (vii) Edge control cavity: encapsulated on the side or top of the module, integrating four independent MPPT controllers (one for wind turbine, one for PV photovoltaic, one for TEG thermoelectric difference, and one for piezoelectric vibration), DC-DC boost converter unit (output DC 48V), supercapacitor buffer unit (power type 0.1–0.5kWh) and lithium iron phosphate battery (energy type 2–5kWh) hybrid energy storage, DC / AC The system includes an inverter (output AC220V / 50Hz), surge protector, fuse, and 4G / IoT communication interface, supporting remote monitoring and data reporting to a cloud platform. The module directly replaces existing sound barrier panels with a replaceable bayonet structure, eliminating the need to remove existing H-shaped steel columns. The four-source power generation unit, located in the edge control cavity, drives local loads or connects to the road power distribution system after being combined via multiple MPPTs.

2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro vertical axis wind turbine generator set adopts a Savonius-Darrieus hybrid impeller: the Savonius blower blade is responsible for starting (low wind speed start-up wind speed ≤2m / s), and the Darrieus lift blade is responsible for high-efficiency operation (rated wind speed 8–15m / s), with a tip speed ratio λ=1.5–2.5; the impeller material is aluminum alloy or fiber-reinforced composite material, with a single unit rated power of 5–30W; each unit is equipped with a volute-type fairing (inlet width 80–200mm, expansion angle ≤12°), with the fairing inlet direction at a windward angle of 0°–20° to the traffic flow direction; the air inlet grille has an opening rate of 50–70%, and the grille spacing is 8–15mm to intercept large particles of debris; 2–4 wind turbine units are arranged per meter of sound barrier, staggered along the traffic flow direction to avoid competing for wind.

3. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-perforated resonant sound-absorbing layer consists of a micro-perforated plate (pore diameter 0.8–1.2 mm, perforation rate 1–3%, plate thickness 0.6–1.2 mm) and an air layer behind it (thickness 30–80 mm), forming a Helmholtz resonant cavity structure with a resonant frequency of 200–500 Hz, covering the main frequency band of traffic noise. The back of the panel is filled with porous sound-absorbing cotton (thickness 20–50 mm) with a density of 16–32 kg / m³ to supplement sound absorption in the mid-to-high frequency band. The overall weighted sound insulation Rw ≥ 25 dB, and the sound absorption coefficient α ≥ 0.85 at 500 Hz, meeting the limits of 60 dB(A) during the day and 50 dB(A) at night for Class 2 areas in GB 3096-2008 and the requirements of HJ 2.4-2009 "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Acoustic Environment". The outer wall of the acoustic cavity is treated with anti-corrosion (hot-dip galvanizing or anodized aluminum alloy) to adapt to outdoor rain, fog, and salt spray environments.

4. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric-electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting layer adopts a dual-mode complementary structure: the piezoelectric mode uses PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheets (20×10×0.5mm or 30×15×1mm per sheet), which are attached to the back of the panel and the cantilever beam structure inside the column with epoxy structural adhesive. It uses traffic noise sound pressure pulsation (80–95dB) and column structure vibration (fundamental frequency 50–200Hz) to excite bending resonance to generate electricity; the electromagnetic mode uses a cantilever beam type micro permanent magnet oscillator (N52 neodymium iron boron magnet + 1000–3000 turns of coil), which is attached near the natural vibration node of the column / back panel; the piezoelectric and electromagnetic outputs are connected in parallel to the DC bus after passing through an independent rectifier bridge; each module has 20–60 piezoelectric units, and the vibration energy harvesting power density per unit area is 0.5–2W / m², providing continuous power for low-power IoT nodes (status monitoring, vibration sensors, noise sensors, warning lights, etc.).

5. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the photovoltaic-thermal-differential composite power generation layer: the photovoltaic modules are monocrystalline silicon (conversion efficiency 22%–24%) or HJT heterojunction modules, with a vertical installed power density of 120–180 W / m². The backsheet temperature of the modules is 25–45℃ higher than the ambient temperature (reaching 60–75℃ in summer). This heat from the backsheet is transferred to the hot end (Th=50–75℃) of the bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric module (n-type I-doped 0.5–2wt%, p-type Sb and Se-doped 0.5–2wt%, ZT≥0.8@300K) through a 0.1–0.5mm thick thermally conductive silicone grease interface layer. The cold end is kept at Tc≤35℃ through heat pipes and shaded side fins, with a temperature difference ΔT=15–40℃. The TEG modules are connected in series along the heat flow direction through copper electrodes to form a thermoelectric conversion subarray. The modules are filled with a silicone moisture-proof layer (0.5–2mm thick). The photovoltaic and TEG modules are connected in series. The electrical output is isolated by a reverse blocking diode (with withstand voltage ≥60V, forward current ≥10A) and then connected in parallel to the DC bus to ensure that the loss of any source does not affect the power generation of other sources; the TEG generates 5–15W / m² per unit area under ΔT=20℃ and 15–30W / m² per unit area under ΔT=35℃.

6. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the phase change heat storage buffer and cold end heat dissipation layer: the phase change heat storage layer uses paraffin-based PCM (phase change temperature 35–55℃, latent heat value ≥180kJ / kg, encapsulated in an aluminum foil / aluminum plate sealed cavity, heat storage density 6–10 kg / m²), to smooth out solar temperature fluctuations and support continuous TEG power generation for 2–4 hours at night; the cold end heat dissipation layer uses a copper-water heat pipe array (equivalent thermal conductivity ≥8,000 W / (m·K)) to guide the TEG cold end heat to the heat dissipation fins (aluminum alloy fins, thickness 0.3–0.8mm, spacing 15–25mm, specific surface area 800–1500 m² / m³) on the shaded side of the barrier, and thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between the fins and the cold end to reduce interfacial thermal resistance; the phase change heat storage layer and the cold end heat dissipation layer together maintain the TEG cold end temperature Tc≤35℃, forming a ΔT≥15℃ with the hot end (PV backplane Th=50–75℃). The continuous temperature difference ensures that the TEG unit can still generate electricity at low power (5–15W / m²) at night or on cloudy days.

7. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame and column interface adopts an interchangeable bayonet structure, directly compatible with existing H-beam steel column flange plates (common specifications HW150×150, HW200×200, etc.) sound barrier mounting surfaces: Two rows of elastic stainless steel clips (12–18mm wide, 1–2mm elasticity) are respectively set along the upper and lower edges of the module's back frame, corresponding to the upper and lower edges of the column flange plate for initial boltless positioning; at least two M12 stainless steel anti-fall bolts (anchoring depth ≥60mm, tensile strength ≥5kN) are set in the middle of the module to provide final secure fixing against the panel's self-weight and wind load (basic wind pressure 0.5–0.85kN / m², gust coefficient 2.5); the bayonet and bolt combination enables rapid replacement at night without interrupting traffic (single module replacement time ≤10 minutes), retaining the columns and foundation when removing existing sound barrier panels, eliminating the need for civil construction; the outer surface of the module is treated with anti-corrosion measures (hot-dip galvanizing + Fluorocarbon coating) is suitable for outdoor rain, fog, salt spray and industrial atmospheric environments, with a service life of ≥20 years.

8. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge control cavity houses four independent MPPT controllers, each targeting wind turbine output (low voltage, high ripple, perturbation observation method, step size ΔD=0.02, sampling period 200ms), PV photovoltaic output (high voltage, low ripple, perturbation observation method + incremental conductance method), TEG thermoelectric output (low voltage, high current, open-circuit voltage method + short-circuit current method), and piezoelectric vibration output (AC high frequency, first rectified bridge + supercapacitor buffer before MPPT). Each of the four MPPT outputs is connected to the DC 48V bus via anti-reverse diodes. Energy storage employs a hybrid architecture of power-type supercapacitors (0.1–0.5kWh, millisecond response, absorbing instantaneous power fluctuations when vehicles pass) and energy-type lithium iron phosphate batteries (2–5kWh, second response, balancing day and night energy). The inverter adopts a dual-mode design: grid-connected mode (meets GB / T19939 photovoltaic grid-connection requirements, anti-islanding protection, THD≤5%) / off-grid mode (meets GB / T19939 road lighting requirements). (Power supply requirements for devices such as 7000 and monitoring GB50198); The 4G / IoT interface supports Modbus / OPC-UA protocol, and can report online monitoring data of each module's power generation, four-source sub-power, temperature, and sound absorption performance to the cloud platform.

9. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance parameters of the module under typical elevated road application conditions are as follows: (1) Sound absorption and insulation performance: weighted sound insulation Rw≥25dB, 500Hz sound absorption coefficient α≥0.85, meeting the requirements of GB 3096-2008 Class 2 area and GB / T 5134.7; (2) Peak power density per unit area: PV photovoltaic 120–180W / m² + TEG temperature difference 15–30W / m² + micro wind power 15–60W / m² + piezoelectric vibration 0.5–2W / m², with a comprehensive peak power density of 150–270W / m² (excluding energy storage discharge); (3) Annual power generation per unit area: 150–250 kWh / m² (depending on the traffic flow and sunshine conditions of the road section); (4) Energy storage capacity: supercapacitor 0.1–0.5kWh + Lithium iron phosphate 2–5kWh / module, which can support off-grid power supply for road lighting / monitoring / charging piles for 8–24h; (5) Comprehensive cost: ≤1,600 yuan / meter (including PV+TEG+wind power+piezoelectric+energy storage+control+frame+installation), compared with the current sound barrier cost of 500–700 yuan / meter, the incremental investment is 900–1,100 yuan / meter; (6) Economic efficiency: annual power generation revenue is about 380 yuan / meter (85% discount for self-use, electricity price 0.6 yuan / kWh), incremental payback period is about 5 years, design life is 20 years, and the net profit difference over 20 years is about 6,600 yuan / meter; (7) Environmental adaptability: working temperature -30℃ ~ +70℃, wind pressure resistance ≥1.2kN / m², IP65 protection, meeting the requirements of GB / T 5134.7 and urban road sound barrier design specifications.

10. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The module can flexibly configure the capacity ratio of the four-source power generation unit according to the traffic flow, solar radiation and road grade of the road section: (1) Heavy traffic + strong sunlight road section (such as the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway, the urban section of the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway): PV + TEG + wind power + piezoelectric full configuration, according to the upper limit parameters; (2) Light traffic + strong sunlight road section (such as the suburban expressway): strengthen PV + TEG (accounting for ≥80% of the total power), weaken wind power and piezoelectric; (3) Heavy traffic + weak sunlight road section (such as the transition section under the bridge / tunnel entrance): strengthen wind power + piezoelectric (accounting for ≥40% of the total power), weaken PV; (4) Severe cold region (such as Northeast / Northwest): the hot end of TEG adopts heat insulation reinforcement (XPS 30mm outer wrapping), and the cold end fins increase the heat dissipation area; (5) Rainy region (such as South China): the protection level of the micro-perforated plate and control cavity is upgraded to IP66, and the bayonet and bolt adopt 316. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant; (6) Bridge section (load-bearing limited): the module thickness is reduced to 80mm, the weight of a single module is controlled at ≤25kg / m, and the additional load of the bridge is checked before installation at ≤1.0kN / m².

11. An installation and construction method for an integrated module for wind-solar-thermal-acoustic energy recovery and power generation coupled with a sound barrier on elevated roads, based on the module described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Existing Structure Inspection: Conduct visual and load-bearing capacity inspections on the existing H-beam steel columns and foundations of the elevated road, verify the column spacing (typically 2,000 mm), flange width, and foundation bolt positions, and issue an existing structure adaptability assessment report. Any columns with deformation, severe corrosion, or insufficient load-bearing capacity must be reinforced or replaced first. S2. Construction Preparation: Pre-assemble the modules (including four-source power generation units, control chambers, and frames) according to their numbers at the factory or on-site warehouse, and complete factory testing and numbering. Obtain nighttime road occupancy permits and traffic organization plans before construction. S3. Existing Panel Removal: At night (typically 22:00–06:00), close one side of the lane in sections to remove the existing sound barrier panels (retaining the columns). The panels are removed according to their numbers and stacked centrally. S4. New Module Hoisting and Positioning: Use small hoisting equipment or manual labor to hoist the new modules to the column positions. Align the elastic clips on the module frame with the upper and lower edges of the column flange for initial positioning. S5. Anti-fall Fastening: Secure the M12 in the middle of the module. Insert the anti-fall bolts into the pre-drilled holes in the column (or enlarge the holes on site), and tighten them with an electric wrench to the designed torque (typically 80–120 N·m) to complete the final fixing; S6, Electrical Cascading: Adjacent modules are cascaded through side quick electrical connectors, with every 8–16 modules converging to a roadside combiner control cabinet (including energy storage + inverter + grid connection interface), and the output from the combiner cabinet is laid to the substation via existing cable trenches or newly built cable pipes; S7, Commissioning and Acceptance: Complete single-module electrical testing, four-source power generation calibration, energy storage charge and discharge cycle testing, sound absorption performance on-site testing (GB / T 22384 and HJ 661 standards), grid connection testing (GB / T 19939), and issue a completion acceptance report.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method can be adapted to quickly replace various existing sound barrier configurations: (1) Vertical sound barrier: the module is directly replaced by snap-fit ​​according to the existing panel size; (2) Semi-enclosed sound barrier (with top folded plate): the folded plate module is independently designed with a top plate with a 15°–30° tilt angle, the top plate surface is installed with a PV+TEG composite layer (tilt angle enhances sunlight reception), and the side module is standard type; (3) Fully enclosed sound barrier (arch / box type): the segmented modules are assembled on site with a unit width of 500–800mm, and the top and side surfaces are equipped with power generation units; (4) Bridge section sound barrier: the module thickness is reduced to 80mm (the phase change heat storage layer is canceled or reduced), and the column snap-fit ​​is adapted to the bridge guardrail column or independent support; (5) Tunnel entrance transition section sound barrier: the module is reinforced with wind power + piezoelectric unit configuration to adapt to the airflow and vibration changes in the acceleration / deceleration zone of the traffic flow; the replacement of the above configurations does not require the removal of existing columns, the night construction is ≤8 hours / 100 linear meters, and traffic is restored before the morning rush hour the next day, minimizing the impact on traffic.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, For road sections with good existing sound barrier structures but lacking the conditions for overall replacement, an "economical external modification" model can be adopted, which only adds the power generation unit of the module of this invention to the outside of the existing panel, retaining the existing sound absorption and insulation functions and adding power generation capacity: (1) The existing sound absorption panel is intact: the aluminum alloy mounting bracket is fixed on the outside of the existing panel by clamps or clips, and the "external power generation layer" consisting of PV+TEG+phase change heat storage+heat dissipation cold end+control cavity is mounted on the bracket, and the piezoelectric vibration collection unit is attached to the back of the existing panel; (2) The existing sound absorption panel is aged: the panel is removed and the column is retained, and the entire structure is replaced according to the method described in claim 11; (3) The wind power and piezoelectric unit can be installed independently: wind turbine units (2-4 units per linear meter) and piezoelectric units (20-60 pieces per module) are added between the existing columns, and then connected to the existing power distribution system after separate power collection; (4) The comprehensive cost of this economical model is ≤900 The price is RMB per linear meter, suitable for rapid upgrades of road sections with limited budgets or where existing barriers are still within their design lifespan; the four power generation units can be equipped with at least one or more combinations in the economic mode, and the independent operation of any power generation unit does not affect the normal operation of other units.

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