Photovoltaic support device with inclination angle self-adaptive adjustment function

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic support device with a tilt angle self-adaptive adjusting function, and relates to the field of photovoltaic supports.The photovoltaic support device with the tilt angle self-adaptive adjusting function comprises a base, a control member, a driving assembly, a supporting column, a clamping assembly and a turnover assembly, and the driving assembly is installed on the base.Through the angle acquisition module in the control member, the solar position parameters are acquired in real time, and the theoretical optimal tilt angle is calculated based on the geographic latitude and the date by combining the tilt angle optimization calculation module, and then the actual tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is automatically adjusted by the driving control module controlling the driving assembly and the turnover assembly, so that the surface of the photovoltaic panel always maintains a posture close to perpendicular to the solar incident light, the application can dynamically track the solar position in different seasons and different time periods, maximizes the solar radiation receiving amount in a unit time, and thus significantly improves the energy capture efficiency and the total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic support technology, specifically a photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function. Background Technology

[0002] With the adjustment of the global energy structure and the rapid development of clean energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as one of the most representative renewable energy technologies, plays an increasingly important role in the power supply system. As a key component supporting the PV panels in a PV power generation system, the performance of the PV mounting system directly affects the power generation efficiency and operational stability of the system. In practical applications, the power generation efficiency of PV panels is closely related to the angle of sunlight incidence; when the incident light is perpendicular to the surface of the PV panel, it achieves the highest energy conversion efficiency. However, the position of the sun changes constantly with the seasons, time, and geographical latitude. Traditional PV mounting systems typically use a fixed tilt angle design, which cannot adjust the tilt angle of the PV panels in real time according to changes in the sun's position. This results in the PV panels not achieving the optimal angle of sunlight incidence most of the time, thus reducing the overall power generation efficiency of the PV system.

[0003] Furthermore, photovoltaic (PV) mounting systems face complex and ever-changing environmental challenges during actual operation. Wind and sand conditions, temperature variations, and solar radiation intensities differ significantly across regions. Fixed-tilt PV systems struggle to adapt to these environmental changes, potentially posing safety hazards under extreme weather conditions. They also cannot optimize tilt angle settings to maximize power generation based on environmental factors. While some existing adjustable-tilt PV systems improve power generation efficiency to some extent, their adjustment methods are typically simplistic, lacking comprehensive perception and analysis of environmental factors, thus failing to achieve true adaptive tilt adjustment. Therefore, developing a PV mounting system capable of real-time sensing of solar position and environmental parameters and automatically adjusting the PV panel tilt angle to maintain optimal tilt angle across different seasons, times, and environmental conditions is of significant practical importance for improving the energy conversion efficiency of PV power generation systems, extending equipment lifespan, and promoting the sustainable development of the PV industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a photovoltaic support device with adaptive tilt adjustment function, which improves upon the following technical defects of existing photovoltaic supports: traditional fixed-tilt photovoltaic supports cannot adjust the photovoltaic panel posture according to the changes in the sun's position with the seasons and time, resulting in low solar radiation reception efficiency of the photovoltaic panels; some adjustable supports rely on manual intervention for tilt adjustment, which is cumbersome and has a slow response, making it difficult to achieve real-time optimal tilt control; existing adjustment devices do not fully consider the impact of environmental factors such as wind, sand, and high temperature on tilt adjustment, and are prone to structural damage or control failure in harsh environments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function, comprising a base, a control component, a drive component, a support column, a clamping component, and a flipping component. The drive component is mounted on the base, and its output end is connected to the bottom of the support column. The top of the support column is secured to the photovoltaic panel via the clamping component. The flipping component is disposed on the top of the support column and connected to the clamping component, for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate. The invention is characterized in that... The control component includes: Angle acquisition module is used to collect solar position parameters and environmental parameters, including solar position sensor, light intensity sensor, wind speed sensor and temperature sensor; angle encoder is used to collect the current actual tilt angle feedback signal of photovoltaic panel in real time; The environmental analysis module includes a light intensity adjustment unit, a safety mode triggering unit, and a locking force adjustment unit. It is used to generate adjustment accuracy and frequency parameters based on light intensity data, determine whether to enter the safe operation mode based on wind speed data, and generate locking mechanism control parameters. The tilt angle optimization calculation module is connected to the environmental analysis module. It is used to calculate the theoretical optimal tilt angle based on geographical latitude and date, and switch the target tilt angle according to the safety mode trigger signal: the target tilt angle is the theoretical optimal tilt angle in normal mode, and the target tilt angle is the preset safety protection tilt angle in safety mode. The drive control module, connected to the tilt angle optimization calculation module, generates a drive signal to control the drive component and the flipping component based on the difference between the target tilt angle and the current actual tilt angle fed back by the angle encoder, so as to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. The drive control module has a built-in dual protection mechanism of soft limit and hard limit to limit the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel within the effective working range of 0° to 90°.

[0006] Preferably, the angle acquisition module uses the solar position sensor to obtain the solar azimuth and altitude angles, and calculates the solar altitude angle using the solar declination and solar hour angles. The calculated results are compared and calibrated with the measured values ​​of the solar position sensor. If the deviation exceeds the preset allowable error range, a backup data source is activated, and the calibrated solar altitude angle is output to the environmental analysis module.

[0007] Preferably, the environmental analysis module includes: The light intensity adjustment unit is used to determine the adjustment accuracy and frequency parameters based on the relationship between the measured light intensity and the preset minimum light intensity threshold and maximum light intensity threshold. When the measured light intensity is lower than the minimum threshold, the adjustment frequency is reduced to once per hour and the allowable error range is widened. Within the threshold range, the standard adjustment frequency and accuracy are used. When the maximum threshold is exceeded, the adjustment frequency is increased to once every 10 minutes. The safety mode trigger unit is used to preset multiple wind speed thresholds. When the measured wind speed exceeds the first safety threshold, the first-level safety mode is triggered, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to 30°. When the measured wind speed exceeds the second-level safety threshold, the second-level safety mode is triggered, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is forcibly flattened to 0°. When the wind speed drops below the threshold and stabilizes for a preset time, it automatically returns to the normal tracking mode. The locking force adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the locking force of the flip component locking mechanism according to the measured wind speed; the higher the wind speed, the greater the locking force.

[0008] Preferably, the tilt angle optimization calculation module includes a theoretical tilt angle calculation unit and an environmental correction unit; The theoretical inclination calculation unit is used to determine the theoretical optimal inclination angle based on the local latitude, the current date ordinal number, and a preset calculation model that includes a linear latitude term and a cosine seasonal correction term. The mode switching unit is used to receive the safety mode trigger signal from the environmental analysis module. In normal mode, it outputs the theoretically optimal tilt angle as the target tilt angle, and in safety mode, it outputs the preset safety protection tilt angle of the corresponding level as the target tilt angle.

[0009] Preferably, the drive control module includes: The difference acquisition unit is used to calculate the difference between the target tilt angle and the current actual tilt angle fed back by the angle encoder; The motor drive quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the number of motor rotations and the number of step pulses based on the difference, the transmission ratio of the drive component, and the motor step angle. The error dynamic adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the allowable error range according to the current wind speed, wherein the allowable error range is determined based on the basic error value and the growth function related to the wind speed, and the larger the wind speed, the larger the allowable error range. The limit protection unit has two built-in software limit thresholds of 0° and 90°. When the calculated target tilt angle exceeds the range, it will automatically cut off to the boundary value. At the same time, it is electrically connected to the mechanical limit switches at both ends of the flipping component. When the mechanical limit is triggered, the motor power will be cut off immediately and a fault alarm will be issued.

[0010] Preferably, it further includes a display feedback unit, which is used to display the working status and energy output efficiency in real time; the display feedback unit includes: Theoretical efficiency calculation subunit is used to calculate the theoretical energy capture efficiency based on the difference between the solar altitude angle and the current tilt angle; The actual efficiency calculation subunit is used to calculate the actual energy conversion efficiency based on the ratio of measured power generation to theoretical maximum power generation. The rate of improvement calculation subunit is used to calculate the rate of improvement of the current actual efficiency relative to the efficiency at a fixed tilt angle; The safety status display subunit is used to display the current operating mode and wind speed warning information.

[0011] Preferably, the control component has a waterproof and dustproof housing with a protection rating of not less than IP65. The housing is made of die-cast aluminum alloy in one piece, and an array of heat dissipation fins are provided on the outer surface. The internal heat-generating elements are passively cooled by tightly fitting the inner wall of the housing with thermally conductive silicone pads. At least one waterproof and breathable valve is provided on the top of the housing to balance the air pressure inside and outside the housing. The front of the control component has a maintenance door with a sealing strip. The bottom of the control component has an outlet for cable routing and a waterproof connector. Signal transmission between the control component and the drive assembly is achieved through a shielded cable.

[0012] Preferably, the base is a long strip metal frame structure with a rust-proof treatment layer on the surface and H-shaped steel reinforcing beams welded along the length direction inside; multiple fixing holes are provided at the bottom of the base for fixing to the embedded parts in the foundation by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the flipping assembly includes a rotating mechanism and a locking mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes bearings and gears to achieve smooth rotation during angle adjustment. The locking mechanism is used to lock the rotating shaft after the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the target tilt angle. The locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic lock, hydraulic lock, or mechanical buckle structure. Its locking force can be continuously adjusted by the electrical signal output by the control component. The transmission part of the flipping assembly is provided with a sealing treatment consisting of an O-ring and a skeleton oil seal. The angle encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly by magnetic induction and includes a magnetic ring installed on the rotating shaft and an angle encoder that senses changes in the magnetic field. 0° and 90° mechanical limit blocks and corresponding limit switches are respectively provided at both ends of the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes an upper clamping structure and a lower clamping structure, which respectively clamp the top edge and bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel; the inner sides of the upper clamping structure and the lower clamping structure are covered with cushioning material, which is a rubber pad or a foamed elastomer; the support column is a hollow structure for threading cables; the power of the driving assembly is provided by the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel itself through an independent power supply terminal.

[0015] This invention provides a photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function. It has the following beneficial effects: This invention acquires solar position parameters (such as solar altitude angle and azimuth angle) in real time through an angle acquisition module in the control unit. Combined with a tilt angle optimization calculation module, it calculates the theoretically optimal tilt angle based on geographical latitude and date. Then, a drive control module controls the drive and flipping components to automatically adjust the actual tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel surface remains nearly perpendicular to the incident sunlight. Compared to traditional fixed-tilt supports, this invention can dynamically track the sun's position in different seasons and at different times, maximizing the amount of solar radiation received per unit time, thereby significantly improving the energy capture efficiency and total power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0016] This invention employs a tiered safety protection mode. Within normal wind speed ranges, the system maintains its theoretically optimal tilt angle to maximize power generation efficiency. When wind speed exceeds a safety threshold, a tiered safety mode is triggered, adjusting the photovoltaic panels to a preset safe tilt angle while dynamically increasing the locking force of the locking mechanism. This design avoids unnecessary sacrifice of power generation under moderate wind speeds and effectively reduces wind resistance area under severe weather conditions such as strong winds and sandstorms, preventing structural damage or overturning of the photovoltaic panels due to excessive wind, thus achieving an optimal balance between power generation efficiency and operational safety.

[0017] This invention uses an angle encoder to provide real-time feedback of the photovoltaic panel's current actual tilt angle and transmits this signal to the drive control module. The drive control module calculates the difference between the target tilt angle and the actual tilt angle, and precisely calculates the number of motor rotations and step pulses based on the drive component's transmission ratio and motor step angle, achieving high-precision tilt angle adjustment. Simultaneously, the drive control module also includes a dynamic error adjustment unit, capable of dynamically adjusting the allowable error range according to the current wind speed (the higher the wind speed, the larger the allowable error range). It maintains high-precision tracking at low wind speeds to maximize power generation efficiency; at high wind speeds, it appropriately relaxes the precision requirements to avoid frequent motor starts and stops due to wind-induced vibrations of the photovoltaic panel, reducing mechanical wear and energy consumption. This closed-loop control structure ensures rapid response and precise tilt angle adjustment, avoiding the lag and accumulated errors of traditional manual or open-loop adjustment methods. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic panel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flipping component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system framework of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the solar altitude angle calculation process of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the calculation process of the environmental analysis module of the present invention.

[0019] The components include: 1. base; 2. control components; 3. drive components; 4. support columns; 5. photovoltaic panels; 6. clamping components; and 7. flipping components. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base 1, a control component 2, a drive component 3, a support column 4, a photovoltaic panel 5, a clamping component 6, and a flipping component 7. The base 1 adopts a long strip metal frame structure, and the surface of the base 1 is provided with an anti-rust treatment layer. Multiple fixing holes are provided on the bottom of the base 1, and the fixing holes are connected and fixed to the pre-embedded parts in the foundation by bolts, thereby firmly installing the entire photovoltaic support device in the outdoor installation site. The base 1 has a reinforced crossbeam structure inside. The reinforced crossbeam is made of H-beam steel or metal profile of equivalent strength. The reinforced crossbeam is arranged along the length of the base 1 and welded to the frame of the base 1 as a whole, which greatly improves the overall structural rigidity and wind resistance of the base 1, so that the photovoltaic support device of the present invention can still maintain a stable working state when encountering strong winds. A control component 2 is provided on the left side of the base 1, a drive assembly 3 is installed on the top of the base 1, and a support column 4 is installed on the top of the drive assembly 3. The support column 4 is made of square or round steel pipe. The inside of the support column 4 is hollow to allow cables and signal lines to be run through. The bottom of the support column 4 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive assembly 3. An installation platform is provided on the top of the support column 4, and the clamping assembly 6 is fixedly installed through the installation platform.

[0022] A clamping assembly 6 is installed on the top of the support column 4. The clamping assembly 6 consists of an upper clamping structure and a lower clamping structure, which clamp and position the photovoltaic panel 5 at its top and bottom edges, respectively. Figure 2 As shown, the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5 has a regular grid structure of solar cell units. The edges of the photovoltaic panel 5 are equipped with a metal frame, which enhances the overall structural strength of the photovoltaic panel 5. A cushioning material is provided on the inner side of the clamping assembly 6, attached to the surfaces of the upper and lower clamping structures that contact the photovoltaic panel 5. The cushioning material is made of rubber pads or foam elastomer, and its main function is to protect the edges of the photovoltaic panel 5 from mechanical damage during clamping and adjustment. The clamping assembly 6 is connected and fixed to the mounting platform at the top of the support column 4 by high-strength bolts, forming a rigid connection structure between the clamping assembly 6 and the support column 4, ensuring stable support for the photovoltaic panel 5 at any tilt angle. A flipping assembly 7 is provided at the bottom of the clamping assembly 6, fixedly connected to the top of the support column 4. The flipping assembly 7 provides the driving force and support structure for the angular rotation of the clamping assembly 6 and the photovoltaic panel 5.

[0023] The control component 2 is an independent enclosure structure, encased in a waterproof and dustproof shell with a protection rating of IP65 or higher, effectively preventing rainwater and dust from entering and damaging the electronic components. The shell of the control component 2 is made of die-cast aluminum alloy in one piece, with an array of heat dissipation fins on the outer surface to increase the heat dissipation area. The internal main control board, power module, and other heat-generating components are tightly bonded to the inner wall of the shell via high thermal conductivity silicone pads, rapidly transferring heat to the shell surface for fanless passive cooling. One or two waterproof vent valves (breathing valves) are installed on the top of the shell, allowing gas to pass through but preventing liquid and dust from entering, balancing the pressure difference caused by temperature changes inside and outside the shell, and preventing negative pressure from drawing in moisture. The front of the control component 2 has a lockable maintenance door with a sealing strip. Opening the maintenance door allows for inspection and maintenance of the internal circuit boards and terminals. The bottom of the control unit 2 housing has an outlet for connecting cables, equipped with a waterproof connector for routing control and power cables while maintaining a seal. Signal transmission between the control unit 2 and the drive assembly 3 is via a shielded cable, which protects the control signals from electromagnetic interference during transmission. The drive assembly 3 is powered by an independent power source provided by a conventional solar power system. This means that the drive assembly 3's power comes directly from the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel 5 itself, giving the entire system a degree of off-grid autonomous operation capability.

[0024] The flipping assembly 7 is located on top of the support column 4. The core of the flipping assembly 7 is a rotating mechanism, which includes rotating components such as bearings and gears to achieve smooth rotation during angle adjustment. The flipping assembly 7 is equipped with a locking mechanism, which automatically or controllably locks the photovoltaic panel 5 after it is adjusted to the target tilt angle. The locking mechanism can be implemented using any of the following: electromagnetic lock, hydraulic lock, or mechanical latch structure. Its locking force can be continuously adjusted by the current signal output by the control component 2. After the locking mechanism is activated, it locks the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly 7 in the current position, ensuring the angle stability of the photovoltaic panel 5 in the non-adjusted state. Key transmission parts of the flipping assembly 7 are sealed using a combination of O-ring seals and a skeleton oil seal to prevent sand and moisture from entering the interior of the flipping assembly 7 and affecting the normal operation of the rotating mechanism. Mechanical limit blocks at 0° and 90° are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly 7, and normally closed limit switches are installed at corresponding positions. When the rotating shaft rotates to its limit position, the limit block triggers the limit switch, and the drive control module immediately cuts off the motor power to prevent mechanical overtravel damage. The flip component 7 and the angle encoder transmit signals through the principle of magnetic induction. When the rotating shaft of the flip component 7 rotates, the magnetic ring installed near the rotating shaft rotates synchronously. The angle encoder senses the change in the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the magnetic ring and converts the angular displacement into an electrical signal, which is then output to the angle acquisition module.

[0025] It should be specifically noted in this embodiment that the above structural connection process is all connected using corrosion-resistant metal materials. The base 1, support column 4, and clamping component 6 are all existing structures. The transmission process of the drive component 3 can be achieved by a conventional motor drive structure. This embodiment does not make specific limitations. Its connection strength setting can match the wind resistance requirements of this embodiment. It should be further explained that the external structure of the control component 4 is a waterproof and dustproof shell. This embodiment only takes a single control component 4 as an example. The control component 4 and the drive component 3 transmit signals through a shielded cable. The power supply of the drive component 3 adopts an independent power supply terminal. The independent power supply terminal is a conventional solar power supply system. This embodiment does not make specific limitations. The control unit 4 includes an angle acquisition module, an environmental analysis module, a tilt angle optimization calculation module, a drive control module, and a display feedback unit. The output terminal of the angle acquisition module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the environmental analysis module, the output terminal of the environmental analysis module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the tilt angle optimization calculation module, the output terminal of the tilt angle optimization calculation module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the drive control module, and the output terminal of the drive control module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the display feedback unit. The angle acquisition module includes a solar position sensor, a light intensity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a temperature sensor, and an angle encoder. The module collects solar position parameters and environmental parameters. The solar position sensor acquires the solar azimuth and altitude angles in real time; the light intensity sensor collects the radiation intensity of incident light within a unit time period; the wind speed sensor monitors wind parameters within a unit area; the temperature sensor collects ambient temperature change data; and the angle encoder provides real-time feedback on the current tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the solar altitude angle collected by the solar position sensor is denoted as... The current tilt angle fed back by the angle encoder is denoted as The angle encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the flipping component through the principle of magnetic induction; The angle acquisition module obtains the solar altitude angle. The calculation process is as follows: Calculation of solar declination angle: Calculate the solar declination angle δ based on local geographical coordinates and the current time. The formula is: Where N is the Nth day of the current year; Calculation of solar altitude angle: The solar altitude angle is calculated using the solar hour angle. The formula is as follows: in The latitude is the local latitude. The solar declination angle, Solar hour angle; Data calibration: Compare the calculated results with the measured values ​​from the solar position sensor and set the allowable error range. When the range is exceeded, an alternative data source will be activated; Angle output: The calibrated solar altitude angle Transmitted to the environmental analysis module; The environmental analysis module generates a control strategy based on light intensity and wind speed parameters, and the execution process is as follows: Set the light intensity threshold range: For the system's low illumination threshold, The system's high illumination threshold; Light intensity adjustment logic: When the measured light intensity The system enters low-power mode, reducing the adjustment frequency to once per hour and widening the allowable error range to [missing information]. when The system enters standard mode, adjusting the frequency every 30 minutes, with an allowable error range of ±0.5°; when The system enters high-precision mode, increasing the adjustment frequency to once every 10 minutes, with an allowable error range of ±0.3°; Safety mode trigger logic: preset first-level safety wind speed threshold Level 2 safe wind speed threshold When the measured wind speed Triggering Level 1 safety mode, the target tilt angle is forcibly set to 30°, and the locking force of the locking mechanism is increased by 50%; when the measured wind speed... The secondary safety mode is triggered, the target tilt angle is forcibly flattened to 0°, and the locking force of the locking mechanism is increased by 100%; when the wind speed drops below the corresponding threshold and stabilizes for 10 minutes, the system automatically returns to the previous operating mode; Locking force adjustment logic: The reference locking force of the locking mechanism is Actual locking force in The measured wind speed (unit: m / s) is used to ensure that the higher the wind speed, the more securely the photovoltaic panels are fixed. The tilt angle optimization calculation module calculates the theoretically optimal tilt angle. The calculation process is as follows: The optimization module includes a theoretical dip angle calculation unit, an environmental correction unit, and a mode switching unit. The theoretical dip angle calculation unit calculates the theoretical optimal dip angle based on geographic latitude, and the environmental correction unit performs environmental correction on the theoretical optimal dip angle. The calculation formula is in The current date ordinal number; the mode switching unit receives the safety mode trigger signal from the environmental analysis module: in normal mode, the target tilt angle In Level 1 safety mode, target tilt angle In Level 2 safety mode, target tilt angle

[0026] The drive control module calculates the precise rotation angle of the drive motor and performs limit protection. The calculation process is as follows: Get the current actual tilt angle Angle of inclination to the target The difference According to the transmission ratio of the drive mechanism Calculate the number of motor revolutions Based on the motor step angle Calculate the number of step pulses

[0027] Soft limit verification: If the calculated target tilt angle Force setting like Force setting Hard limit protection: Real-time monitoring of the mechanical limit switch signals at both ends of the flip-up assembly. When any limit switch is triggered, the motor drive power is immediately cut off, all adjustment actions are stopped, and an overtravel alarm signal is sent to the display feedback unit. Dynamically adjust the allowable error range in The base error value is given (0.5° is recommended), and c is a constant determined based on local wind conditions (20 is recommended). This formula makes the allowable error range increase exponentially with increasing wind speed. When the wind speed is 0, the allowable error is equal to the base error value; as the wind speed increases, the allowable error gradually widens to avoid frequent motor start-stop.

[0028] The display feedback unit displays the current working status and energy output efficiency in real time. The calculation process is as follows: The efficiency calculation unit includes a theoretical efficiency calculation subunit and an actual efficiency comparison subunit. The theoretical efficiency calculation subunit calculates the theoretical energy capture efficiency based on the current tilt angle and solar altitude angle. The actual efficiency comparison subunit calculates the actual energy conversion efficiency based on measured power generation. The formula for calculating the relative efficiency improvement rate is: Improvement Rate in For fixed tilt angle efficiency.

[0029] The safety status display subunit displays the current operating mode (normal / Level 1 safety / Level 2 safety), current wind speed, wind speed warning level, and locking force status of the locking mechanism in real time. The drive component 3 uses a conventional motor drive structure, and its connection strength is set to match the wind resistance requirements of this embodiment. The power supply for the drive component 3 is an independent power supply terminal, which is a conventional solar power supply system. The control component 2 and the drive component 3 transmit signals through a shielded cable to ensure the anti-interference capability of the signal transmission. This embodiment of the invention achieves the adaptive adjustment function of the photovoltaic bracket tilt angle through the coordinated work of the above-mentioned components. The angle acquisition module acquires solar position parameters and environmental data in real time, and the tilt angle optimization calculation module calculates the optimal tilt angle by comprehensively considering geographical location, seasonal changes, and environmental factors. The drive component 3 and the flipping component 7 perform the tilt angle adjustment action to keep the photovoltaic panel 5 in the best light-receiving posture, thereby significantly improving the energy capture efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system. The environmental analysis module introduces light intensity and wind and sand factors to construct influencing factors and corrects the tilt angle. Under strong wind or sandstorm weather conditions, it automatically adjusts the tilt angle adjustment strategy to avoid the photovoltaic panel 5 being subjected to excessive wind impact due to excessive angle, thus extending the service life of the equipment while ensuring system safety. An angle encoder provides real-time feedback on the current tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 5, forming a closed-loop control. The drive control module accurately calculates the motor rotation parameters based on the difference between the target tilt angle and the actual tilt angle, achieving high-precision tilt angle adjustment. The base 1 adopts a reinforced crossbeam structure design to meet wind resistance requirements. The flipping assembly 7 is equipped with a locking mechanism to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 5 is stably fixed after adjustment. The control component 2 is encapsulated in a waterproof and dustproof shell to ensure long-term stable operation of the system in harsh outdoor environments.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function, comprising a base (1), a control component (2), a drive assembly (3), a support column (4), a clamping assembly (6), and a flipping assembly (7), wherein the drive assembly (3) is mounted on the base (1), the output end of the drive assembly (3) is connected to the bottom of the support column (4), the top of the support column (4) is fixed to a photovoltaic panel (5) by the clamping assembly (6), and the flipping assembly (7) is disposed on the top of the support column (4) and connected to the clamping assembly (6) for driving the photovoltaic panel (5) to rotate; characterized in that, The control element (2) includes: Angle acquisition module is used to collect solar position parameters and environmental parameters, including solar position sensor, light intensity sensor, wind speed sensor and temperature sensor; angle encoder is used to collect the current actual tilt angle feedback signal of photovoltaic panel in real time; The environmental analysis module includes a light intensity adjustment unit, a safety mode triggering unit, and a locking force adjustment unit. It is used to generate adjustment accuracy and frequency parameters based on light intensity data, determine whether to enter the safe operation mode based on wind speed data, and generate locking mechanism control parameters. The tilt angle optimization calculation module is connected to the environmental analysis module. It is used to calculate the theoretical optimal tilt angle based on geographical latitude and date, and switch the target tilt angle according to the safety mode trigger signal: the target tilt angle is the theoretical optimal tilt angle in normal mode, and the target tilt angle is the preset safety protection tilt angle in safety mode. The drive control module is connected to the tilt angle optimization calculation module and is used to generate a drive signal to control the drive component (3) and the flip component (7) to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (5) based on the difference between the target tilt angle and the current actual tilt angle fed back by the angle encoder. The drive control module has a built-in soft limit and hard limit dual protection mechanism to limit the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel to the effective working range of 0° to 90°.

2. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle acquisition module uses the solar position sensor to obtain the solar azimuth and altitude angles, and calculates the solar altitude angle using the solar declination and solar hour angles. The calculated results are compared and calibrated with the measured values ​​of the solar position sensor. If the deviation exceeds the preset allowable error range, a backup data source is activated, and the calibrated solar altitude angle is output to the environmental analysis module.

3. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental analysis module includes: The light intensity adjustment unit is used to determine the adjustment accuracy and frequency parameters based on the relationship between the measured light intensity and the preset minimum light intensity threshold and maximum light intensity threshold. When the measured light intensity is lower than the minimum threshold, the adjustment frequency is reduced to once per hour and the allowable error range is widened. Within the threshold range, the standard adjustment frequency and accuracy are used. When the maximum threshold is exceeded, the adjustment frequency is increased to once every 10 minutes. The safety mode trigger unit is used to preset multiple wind speed thresholds. When the measured wind speed exceeds the first safety threshold, the first-level safety mode is triggered, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to 30°. When the measured wind speed exceeds the second-level safety threshold, the second-level safety mode is triggered, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel is forcibly flattened to 0°. When the wind speed drops below the threshold and stabilizes for a preset time, it automatically returns to the normal tracking mode. The locking force adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the locking force of the flip component locking mechanism according to the measured wind speed; the higher the wind speed, the greater the locking force.

4. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilt angle optimization calculation module includes a theoretical tilt angle calculation unit and an environmental correction unit; The theoretical inclination calculation unit is used to determine the theoretical optimal inclination angle based on the local latitude, the current date ordinal number, and a preset calculation model that includes a linear latitude term and a cosine seasonal correction term. The mode switching unit is used to receive the safety mode trigger signal from the environmental analysis module. In normal mode, it outputs the theoretically optimal tilt angle as the target tilt angle, and in safety mode, it outputs the preset safety protection tilt angle of the corresponding level as the target tilt angle.

5. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive control module includes: The difference acquisition unit is used to calculate the difference between the target tilt angle and the current actual tilt angle fed back by the angle encoder; The motor drive quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the number of motor rotations and the number of step pulses based on the difference, the transmission ratio of the drive component (3) and the motor step angle; The error dynamic adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the allowable error range according to the current wind speed, wherein the allowable error range is determined based on the basic error value and the growth function related to the wind speed, and the larger the wind speed, the larger the allowable error range. The limit protection unit has two built-in software limit thresholds of 0° and 90°. When the calculated target tilt angle exceeds the range, it will automatically cut off to the boundary value. At the same time, it is electrically connected to the mechanical limit switches at both ends of the flipping component. When the mechanical limit is triggered, the motor power will be cut off immediately and a fault alarm will be issued.

6. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a display feedback unit, which is used to display the working status and energy output efficiency in real time; The display feedback unit includes: Theoretical efficiency calculation subunit is used to calculate the theoretical energy capture efficiency based on the difference between the solar altitude angle and the current tilt angle; The actual efficiency calculation subunit is used to calculate the actual energy conversion efficiency based on the ratio of measured power generation to theoretical maximum power generation. The rate of improvement calculation subunit is used to calculate the rate of improvement of the current actual efficiency relative to the efficiency at a fixed tilt angle; The safety status display subunit is used to display the current operating mode (normal / Level 1 safety / Level 2 safety) and wind speed warning information.

7. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component (2) is equipped with a waterproof and dustproof shell with a protection level of not less than IP65. The shell adopts an integrated die-cast aluminum alloy structure and has an array of heat dissipation fins on the outer surface. The internal heat-generating element is passively cooled by tightly fitting the inner wall of the shell with a thermally conductive silicone pad. At least one waterproof and breathable valve is provided on the top of the shell to balance the air pressure inside and outside the shell. The control component (2) has a maintenance door with a sealing strip on the front. The bottom of the control component (2) has an outlet for cable routing and a waterproof connector. The control component (2) and the drive assembly (3) transmit signals through a shielded cable.

8. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is a long strip metal frame structure with a rust-proof treatment layer on the surface and H-shaped steel reinforcing beams welded along the length direction inside. Multiple fixing holes are provided below the base (1) for fixing to the embedded parts in the foundation by bolts.

9. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flipping assembly (7) includes a rotating mechanism and a locking mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes bearings and gears to achieve smooth rotation during angle adjustment. The locking mechanism is used to lock the rotating shaft after the photovoltaic panel (5) is adjusted to the target tilt angle. The locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic lock, a hydraulic lock, or a mechanical buckle structure. Its locking force can be continuously adjusted by the electrical signal output by the control component (2). The transmission part of the flipping assembly (7) is provided with a sealing treatment consisting of an O-ring and a skeleton oil seal. The angle encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly (7) by magnetic induction. It includes a magnetic ring installed on the rotating shaft and an angle encoder that senses changes in the magnetic field. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the flipping assembly (7) are respectively provided with 0° and 90° mechanical limit blocks and corresponding limit switches.

10. A photovoltaic support device with tilt angle adaptive adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (6) includes an upper clamping structure and a lower clamping structure, which respectively clamp the top edge and bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel (5); the inner sides of the upper clamping structure and the lower clamping structure are covered with cushioning material, which is a rubber pad or a foamed elastomer; the support column (4) is a hollow structure for threading cables; the power of the driving assembly (3) is provided by the power generated by the photovoltaic panel (5) itself through an independent power supply terminal.

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