A method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic exploration staring feeling channel base station

Abstract

The present application relates to low altitude perception and communication related technical field, especially to a kind of low altitude general survey gaze sense base station implementation method, by designing the fusion architecture including broadband active antenna unit (AAU), communication baseband processing unit (BBU) and perception data processing unit (DPU), using transceiver separation and adaptive frequency diversity technology, make perception signal and communication signal in the same AAU with different frequency simultaneously transmit and receive, realize channel independent, mutual interference and share air interface resource.Ground station physical structure is the form of five surface arrays of four sides plus top one side, working frequency covers 0.3GHz to 36GHz, support narrowband operation and wideband frequency hopping mode switching in peacetime, while ensuring ubiquitous communication in all airspace, significantly improve the multi-dimensional perception performance of active radar, passive radar and spectrum detection, with high precision, high recognition rate, strong anti-interference ability, provide reliable infrastructure for building low altitude airspace three-dimensional digital monitoring platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-altitude sensing and communication technology, and in particular to a method for implementing a low-altitude general-purpose staring sensing and communication base station. Background Technology

[0002] The low-altitude economy is a comprehensive economic form based on low-altitude monitoring, relying on low-altitude communication, centered on civilian manned and unmanned aircraft, and driven by low-altitude flight activities in various scenarios such as passenger transport, cargo transport, and other operations, radiating and promoting the integrated development of related fields. It mainly includes key areas such as low-altitude manufacturing, low-altitude flight, low-altitude support, and comprehensive services, characterized by wide reach, long industrial chain, strong growth potential, and strong driving force. The development of the low-altitude economy leads to the development of many fields such as urban management, transportation and tourism, agricultural and forestry protection, emergency rescue, logistics and distribution, and public safety. Safety is paramount in the low-altitude economy; low-altitude safety monitoring is the foundation of the low-altitude economy, the most fundamental aspect. Low-altitude safety monitoring cannot be separated from the support of low-altitude perception and communication capabilities. Industry development requires prioritizing regulation. Currently, low-altitude flights are characterized by high density, high frequency, diverse types, and high safety risks, lacking efficient technical monitoring methods. Based on the integration of wide-area perception and communication, and comprehensively utilizing artificial intelligence to establish a three-dimensional grid-based low-altitude flight safety supervision system, ensuring effective control of low-altitude airspace, is a crucial foundation and safety guarantee for the low-altitude economy. 5G-A, with its integrated sensing capabilities, utilizes communication radiation signals to perceive surrounding environmental target information based on network communication. The base station's AAU (Active Antenna Unit) can provide independent ground and air beams. During the sensing process, the network triggers, modifies, or terminates the sensing process, allocates wireless resources, processes data, and releases results according to service requirements. From a communication perspective, 5G-A's integrated sensing requires allocating air interface resources for sensing, reducing communication performance. From a sensing perspective, its sensing performance is limited by the difficulty in implementing the classic radar space-time-frequency detection system. Therefore, 5G-A sensing base stations still lag significantly behind traditional radar detection, and the current situation of strong communication but weak sensing is unlikely to be overcome in the short term. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for implementing a low-altitude general-purpose staring sensing base station, which aims to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the existing 5G-A sensing fusion technology attempts to sense the environment through network communication signals, but its design is essentially "based on sensing fusion", which requires allocating some air interface resources for sensing. This reduces communication performance and limits sensing performance due to the difficulty in implementing the classic radar detection system, resulting in "strong communication but weak sensing", which is significantly different from traditional radar and difficult to overcome in the short term.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Design of the overall architecture of the sensing base station: Design a sensing fusion architecture that includes a broadband active antenna unit (AAU), a communication baseband processing unit (BBU), and a sensing data processing unit (DPU). The sensing is the core and the communication function is integrated. The transmitting and receiving are separated and the adaptive frequency diversity operation mode is adopted, so that the sensing signal and the communication signal are transmitted and received simultaneously in the AAU through different operating frequencies. The sensing channel and the communication channel work independently and share air interface resources.

[0006] S2. Design the AAU: Configure the AAU to adopt a wide beam transmit and narrow beam receive mode, and generate multiple high-gain narrow beams at the receiving end simultaneously through digital beamforming (DBF) to continuously cover the predetermined full airspace in a panoptic staring mode. The AAU operates in the frequency range of 0.3GHz to 36GHz and supports switching between narrowband operation and wideband frequency hopping operation modes.

[0007] S3. Design the BBU: to process the communication signal IQ data received from the AAU and realize ubiquitous communication in the entire airspace;

[0008] S4. Design the DPU: to process the multi-beam sensing signals received from the AAU, realize active and passive fusion full-space probing measurement, and send the sensing data to the BBU for network transmission.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the physical structure of the AAU is a thin square five-sided array, including four arrays on the perimeter and one array on the top. The four arrays on the perimeter are used for low-altitude digital beamforming (DBF) multi-beam panoptic gaze, covering the entire low-altitude airspace, and the single array on the top is used for mid-to-high-altitude DBF multi-beam panoptic gaze, covering the entire mid-to-high-altitude airspace.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, each of the four sides and the top single array includes at least one transmitting array and at least three receiving arrays. The transmitting array integrates multiple sets of transmitting array elements to cover the corresponding airspace with a wide beam. The receiving array uses multiple sets of broadband radiators with bandwidths of more than octave bands to form a fully digital two-dimensional DBF multi-beam, or azimuth DBF multi-beam coverage combined with pitch beamforming (BEM) chip beam scanning.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the transmission process of the AAU specifically includes: converting the communication transmission data from the BBU and the sensing transmission data from the DPU into a single frequency diversity signal after digital-to-analog conversion (DA) and up-conversion filtering, and then radiating it through the antenna after power amplification; wherein, the local oscillator frequency of the sensing transmission channel can automatically change according to the system parameters.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the AAU's receiving and signal processing process specifically includes: the spatial signal received by the receiving antenna is amplified by low noise and filtered by frequency conversion, and then separated into a communication intermediate frequency signal and a sensing intermediate frequency signal. The two signals are processed by analog-to-digital conversion (AD) and digital beamforming (DBF), respectively. After DBF processing, the multi-beam communication signal IQ data is sent to the BBU, and the multi-beam sensing signal is subjected to pulse compression, moving target detection (MTD), and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. The detection data of each beam channel is then sent to the DPU.

[0013] Preferably, the sensing measurement implemented by the DPU includes an active sensing mode and a passive sensing mode. The active sensing mode uses the signal echo emitted by itself for detection, and the passive sensing mode includes using signals from external radiation sources for detection, as well as using signals from radiation sources such as broadcast television and communication base stations reflected by the target for detection.

[0014] Preferably, in the active sensing mode, by performing micro-Doppler detection and two-dimensional monopulse angle measurement processing on the multi-beam sensing signal, accurate ranging, velocity measurement, angle measurement and target identification of low-altitude flying targets can be achieved.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes a link parameter calculation step to determine key system parameters, specifically including:

[0016] Based on communication link equations Calculate the communication link, including path loss. ;

[0017] Based on radar link equation Calculate the path loss of the sensing link. ;

[0018] in, For transmission power, For the transmit antenna gain, For receiving antenna gain, For wavelength, For the effective range, The target cross-sectional area.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the AAU further includes a detection and calibration system, which includes a clock module, a target simulator module, and a frequency conversion filter module. The clock module is used to generate the reference clock and local oscillator signal required by the system. The target simulator module is used to sample, digitally store, and modulate the transmitted signal to generate a simulated target echo signal. The frequency conversion filter module is used to up-convert the simulated target echo signal and the continuous wave calibration signal and feed them into the receiving channel through the calibration network to complete the amplitude and phase consistency detection and calibration of the system's transmission, reception, and sensing channels.

[0020] Preferably, the sensing base station implemented by the method is used to provide basic support for the fusion sensing and communication data of the three-dimensional digital spatial grid monitoring platform in low-altitude airspace. The data includes low-altitude aircraft, ground pedestrians and vehicles, water vessels, low-altitude spectrum, meteorological and environmental information.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention fundamentally changes the traditional design concept of "communication-centric, sensing-secondary" and pioneers an integrated architecture of "sensing-centric communication". Through "separate transmission and reception" and "adaptive frequency diversity" technologies, sensing and communication signals can work independently, in parallel, and without interference in the same base station, completely solving the core bottleneck of "strong communication but weak sensing" in existing 5G-A sensing base stations, and establishing a dedicated link for high-performance sensing.

[0023] 2. By employing a combination of "wide transmission and narrow reception" and "all-digital beamforming (DBF) multi-beam" technology, continuous staring coverage of the entire airspace is achieved. This mode improves the accuracy of ranging, velocity, and angle measurement by more than 10 times, achieves a target recognition rate of over 98%, and significantly enhances the ability to resist complex environments (such as urban multipath) and intentional interference (such as frequency hopping anti-jamming), realizing a qualitative leap from "scanning discovery" to "staring insight".

[0024] 3. The system operates in an extremely wide frequency band of 0.3-36GHz and can flexibly switch between various modes such as narrowband communication, wideband frequency hopping, active detection, and passive reconnaissance as needed (daily / wartime). It deeply integrates active radar, passive radar, spectrum detection, and ubiquitous communication functions into one, becoming an infrastructure platform capable of providing core data for low-altitude surveillance, security defense, network connectivity, and AI-driven digital space. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AAU active antenna principle of a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the AAU (Automatic Active AU) transmission system for a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the AAU receiving system of the low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the AAU detection and calibration system for a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the communication baseband processing unit (BBU) of the sensing base station, which is part of the low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] This embodiment provides a complete low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station implementation scheme. Its core is to build an integrated base station with high-performance sensing as the core and deep integration of communication functions, aiming to overcome the technical bottleneck of "strong sensing but weak communication" in the existing 5G-A integrated sensing design.

[0034] 1. System Overall Architecture and Composition

[0035] See Figure 1 The sensing base station described in this invention adopts an innovative fusion architecture of "AAU (Active Antenna Unit) + BBU (Baseband Processing Unit) + DPU (Sensing Data Processing Unit)". This architecture is designed as a unified whole with sensing as the core (sensing fusion). Through "separate transmission and reception" and "adaptive frequency diversity" technologies, sensing signals and communication signals can be transmitted and received simultaneously at different frequencies in the same AAU. The sensing channel and the communication channel operate independently in both physical and logical terms, without interfering with each other, but they share air interface radio frequency resources, thus achieving deep integration while preserving their respective complete performance links.

[0036] The AAU connects to the BBU and DPU via independent fiber optic links, transmitting baseband IQ data, timestamps, and control signals respectively. The AAU provides a unified reference clock for the entire system and receives transmit / receive control timing from the BBU and DPU, ensuring system synchronization.

[0037] 2. Hardware Design and Signal Flow of AAU Active Antenna Unit

[0038] 2.1 Physical Structure and Coverage Method

[0039] The AAU's physical structure is designed as a "thin square five-sided array," comprising four perimeter arrays and one top array. The four perimeter arrays employ low-altitude DBF multi-beams to achieve 360° azimuth and -10° to +90° elevation coverage, providing "panoramic staring" coverage. The single top array is used to cover mid-to-high altitude airspace. This structure is achieved through multiple octave-band broadband radiator arrays, supporting operating frequency bands from 0.3 GHz to 36 GHz or even wider to meet "peacetime-wartime integration" requirements: it can operate with a narrower bandwidth during peacetime, while switching to broadband frequency-hopping mode during wartime, primarily using passive radar and spectrum detection, and randomly selecting time slots for active detection.

[0040] Each array (including the four sides and the top) contains at least one transmitting array and at least three receiving arrays. The transmitting array integrates multiple sets of transmitting elements to form a wide beam covering the corresponding airspace, while the receiving array uses multiple sets of octave-band broadband radiators. Through fully digital two-dimensional DBF technology, it simultaneously forms a large number of narrow beams in the azimuth and elevation dimensions, or it adopts a method of azimuth DBF multi-beam coverage combined with elevation BEM chip scanning.

[0041] 2.2 Transmission System (Achieving Frequency Diversity and Wide Transmission)

[0042] See Figure 3 The transmission system is key to achieving "frequency diversity." Communication baseband data from the BBU and sensing waveform data from the DPU are transmitted to the AAU via independent optical fibers. Both data streams are converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signals via digital-to-analog (DA) conversion, and then enter independent up-conversion and filtering channels. The local oscillator of the sensing channel can automatically switch according to command parameters issued by the DPU to achieve broadband frequency agility. Subsequently, the two RF signals, tuned to different frequencies, are combined into a single "frequency diversity" signal via a power divider / combiner network, amplified by a power amplifier, and finally radiated into space by a wide-beam transmitting antenna. This process ensures frequency domain separation of communication and sensing signals at the transmitting end, fundamentally avoiding mutual interference.

[0043] 2.3 Receiving and Signal Processing System (Achieving Narrow Reception and Staring)

[0044] See Figure 4 The receiving system is the core of the "panoramic staring" function. After the spatial signal is captured by the receiving antenna, it is amplified by a low-noise amplifier and then split into two paths. These two signals enter the communication receiving channel and the sensing receiving channel respectively for down-conversion and filtering. The down-conversion local oscillator of the sensing channel switches synchronously with the transmitting channel. The frequency-converted intermediate frequency signal is then converted into a digital signal by analog-to-digital conversion (AD).

[0045] Next, the digital signal enters the digital beamforming (DBF) module. The DBF module performs real-time weighting and phase shifting on the signal of each receiving element, enabling the simultaneous formation of dozens to hundreds of independent high-gain, narrow beams in the digital domain. These beams continuously cover the entire airspace covered by the AAU in a gridded form, enabling continuous "staring" observation of targets within the airspace, rather than the intermittent "scanning" of traditional mechanical scanning.

[0046] After DBF processing:

[0047] The baseband IQ data formed by the beam pointing to the communication target is sent to the BBU through optical fiber for subsequent communication protocol processing, realizing ubiquitous network connection with various terminals (low-altitude aircraft, vehicles, IoT devices, etc.).

[0048] The sensing echo data from all beams are then fed into a dedicated sensing signal processing chain, where pulse compression (to improve range resolution), moving target detection (MTD) (to suppress ground clutter and extract Doppler information of moving targets), and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection are performed sequentially. The CFAR detection results from each beam channel (including preliminary information such as target range, velocity, angle, and amplitude) are sent to the DPU for further data fusion and advanced processing.

[0049] 2.4 Testing and Calibration System

[0050] See Figure 5 To ensure the accuracy and stability of the system during long-term operation, the AAU incorporates a comprehensive testing and calibration system. This system includes:

[0051] Clock module: generates the 50MHz reference clock, local oscillator signal, and AD / DA sampling clock required by the entire system.

[0052] Target simulator module: It has digital frequency storage and modulation functions. It receives the sampled signal from the transmission channel (after down-conversion), and can perform delay, Doppler modulation and other processing on it to generate a simulated target echo signal.

[0053] Frequency conversion filter module: used to upconvert the intermediate frequency analog signal generated by the target simulator to radio frequency, or to generate a continuous wave calibration signal.

[0054] In calibration or detection mode, the generated simulated target signal or continuous wave calibration signal is fed into each receiving channel through a calibration power divider network. By comparing the injected signal with the system processing results, the amplitude and phase consistency of all transmitting and receiving channels can be calibrated online and automatically, ensuring the pointing accuracy of DBF beamforming and the sensing angle measurement performance.

[0055] 3. Core Operating Mode and Performance Advantages

[0056] Through the aforementioned hardware architecture and signal flow, this base station achieves the following core operating modes and performance improvements:

[0057] Active Sensing Mode: Utilizing its own emitted detection signals. Through "panoramic staring" DBF multibeamforming and long-time coherent processing, it achieves micro-Doppler detection and high-precision two-dimensional monopulse angle measurement, significantly improving the detection capability for low-speed, small targets (such as UAVs), ranging / velocity / angle measurement accuracy (more than 10 times higher), and recognition rate (up to 98%), while effectively reducing the missed detection rate during takeoff, hovering, and horizontal flight. In wartime, broadband frequency hopping and polarization coding technologies give it strong resistance to active interference.

[0058] Passive sensing mode: This includes two sub-modes. The first utilizes the reflection from existing external radiation sources (such as broadcast, television, and navigation signals) for detection; the second utilizes communication signals transmitted by this base station or other cooperating base stations as an illumination source. By sharing a high-precision DBF multi-beam receiving channel and monopulse angle measurement technology, the angle measurement accuracy of traditional passive radar is improved by 10 to 100 times or more, and multipath false alarms in urban environments are effectively suppressed.

[0059] Spectrum detection mode: Deeply integrated with passive sensing, sharing the same wideband receiver and DBF angle measurement channel. It can extend the detection frequency band from the traditional segmented processing within 6GHz to wideband continuous processing from 1 to 36GHz. Not only can it perform positioning using traditional methods such as TDOA, but it can also utilize DBF multi-beams and ultra-large instantaneous bandwidth to directly perform high-precision direction finding and positioning of transient, non-cooperative space radiation signals, changing the traditional spectrum detection's reliance on protocol parsing and low direction finding accuracy.

[0060] Ubiquitous communication mode: The communication beam can cover the entire airspace below 3 kilometers in a cellular pattern, providing uninterrupted and highly reliable network connections for various terminals based on standard protocols such as 5G and Wi-Fi, making flight monitoring based on network communication possible, and fundamentally avoiding the security threat of interfering with drones through image transmission and flight control signals.

[0061] 4. Application and Data Integration

[0062] Ultimately, the high-quality active and passive fusion sensing data (including target trajectory, attributes, spectrum status, etc.) generated by the DPU is sent to the BBU and uploaded to the cloud or command center via the communication network. This data, combined with the identity information obtained through the communication network, provides a solid data foundation for building an AI-powered low-altitude airspace 3D digital spatial grid monitoring platform. This platform comprehensively integrates sensing, communication, monitoring, and protection functions, serving various application scenarios such as low-altitude safety supervision, traffic management, and emergency rescue.

[0063] Working principle: First, the base station simultaneously transmits sensing and communication signals through its core broadband AAU (Active Antenna Unit): communication data from the BBU (Baseband Processing Unit) and radar waveform data from the DPU (Sensing Data Processing Unit) undergo independent digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion channels within the AAU, are tuned to different frequencies, and then amplified and radiated into space in a "wide beam" format. This is "frequency diversity" transmission, achieving frequency isolation and air interface resource sharing between sensing and communication at the transmitting end. Subsequently, at the receiving end, the AAU captures spatial signals through its broadband receiving array, amplifies them with low noise, and down-converts them before sending them to the digital beamforming (DBF) processing unit. The DBF unit can form a large number of high-gain, narrow beams in the digital domain in real time. These beams, in the form of a grid array, "stare" over the entire low-altitude airspace (360 degrees azimuth, -10 to +90 degrees elevation) covered by the base station, achieving continuous and simultaneous monitoring of targets within the area. This is the "wide-area staring" receiving mode. The received signal, after passing through the DBF (Digital Array Filter), is separated into two paths: one is a communication signal, whose baseband IQ data is sent to the BBU (Baseband Unit) for demodulation and protocol processing, enabling high-speed and reliable network connections with terminals such as aircraft and vehicles; the other is the sensing echo, which is sent to a dedicated processing chain for pulse compression, moving target detection (MTD), and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection, initially extracting the target's distance, velocity, angle, and multi-dimensional feature information, before being sent to the DPU (Digital Array Purpose Processing Unit). The DPU fuses and processes detection data from multiple beams, supporting various modes such as active radar, passive radar (using external or self-reflected communication signals), and wideband spectrum detection, ultimately generating high-precision target trajectory, attribute, and spectrum situation maps. This sensing data can be transmitted back in real time through the communication link established by the BBU, providing the upper-level AI monitoring platform with the underlying data for fused sensing and communication, thereby achieving comprehensive detection, identification, tracking, and safety management of low-altitude flying targets.

[0064] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Design of the overall architecture of the sensing base station: Design a sensing fusion architecture that includes a broadband active antenna unit (AAU), a communication baseband processing unit (BBU), and a sensing data processing unit (DPU). The sensing is the core and the communication function is integrated. The transmitting and receiving are separated and the adaptive frequency diversity operation mode is adopted, so that the sensing signal and the communication signal are transmitted and received simultaneously in the AAU through different operating frequencies. The sensing channel and the communication channel work independently and share air interface resources. S2. Design the AAU: Configure the AAU to adopt a wide beam transmit and narrow beam receive mode, and generate multiple high-gain narrow beams at the receiving end simultaneously through digital beamforming (DBF) to continuously cover the predetermined full airspace in a panoptic staring mode. The AAU operates in the frequency range of 0.3GHz to 36GHz and supports switching between narrowband operation and wideband frequency hopping operation modes. S3. Design the BBU: to process the communication signal IQ data received from the AAU and realize ubiquitous communication in the entire airspace; S4. Design the DPU: to process the multi-beam sensing signals received from the AAU, realize active and passive fusion full-space probing measurement, and send the sensing data to the BBU for network transmission.

2. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the physical structure of the AAU is a thin square five-sided array, including four arrays on the perimeter and one array on the top. The four arrays on the perimeter are used for low-altitude digital beamforming (DBF) multi-beam panoptic gaze, covering the entire low-altitude airspace, while the single array on the top is used for mid-to-high-altitude DBF multi-beam panoptic gaze, covering the entire mid-to-high-altitude airspace.

3. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, each of the four sides and the top single array includes at least one transmitting array and at least three receiving arrays. The transmitting array integrates multiple sets of transmitting array elements to cover the corresponding airspace with a wide beam. The receiving array uses multiple sets of broadband radiators with bandwidths of more than octave bands to form a fully digital two-dimensional DBF multi-beam, or azimuth DBF multi-beam coverage combined with pitch beamforming (BEM) chip beam scanning.

4. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the transmission process of the AAU specifically includes: the communication transmission data from the BBU and the sensing transmission data from the DPU are converted from digital to analog (DA) and then up-converted and filtered to form a frequency diversity signal, which is then amplified and radiated by the antenna; wherein, the local oscillator frequency of the sensing transmission channel can automatically change according to the system parameters.

5. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the AAU's receiving and signal processing process specifically includes: the spatial signal received by the receiving antenna is amplified by low noise and filtered by frequency conversion, and then separated into a communication intermediate frequency signal and a sensing intermediate frequency signal. The two signals are processed by analog-to-digital conversion (AD) and digital beamforming (DBF), respectively. After DBF processing, the multi-beam communication signal IQ data is sent to the BBU, and the multi-beam sensing signal is subjected to pulse compression, moving target detection (MTD), and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. The detection data of each beam channel is then sent to the DPU.

6. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing measurement implemented by the DPU includes an active sensing mode and a passive sensing mode. The active sensing mode uses the signal echo emitted by itself for detection, while the passive sensing mode includes using signals from external radiation sources for detection, as well as using signals from radiation sources such as broadcast television and communication base stations reflected by the target for detection.

7. A method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the active sensing mode, by performing micro-Doppler detection and two-dimensional monopulse angle measurement on the multi-beam sensing signal, accurate ranging, velocity measurement, angle measurement, and target identification of low-altitude flying targets can be achieved.

8. The method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes a link parameter calculation step to determine key system parameters, specifically including: Based on communication link equations Calculate the communication link, including path loss. ; Based on radar link equation Calculate the path loss of the sensing link. ; in, For transmission power, For the transmit antenna gain, For receiving antenna gain, For wavelength, For the effective range, The target cross-sectional area.

9. A method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the AAU further includes a detection and calibration system, which includes a clock module, a target simulator module, and a frequency conversion filter module. The clock module is used to generate the reference clock and local oscillator signal required by the system. The target simulator module is used to sample, digitally store, and modulate the transmitted signal to generate a simulated target echo signal. The frequency conversion filter module is used to up-convert the simulated target echo signal and the continuous wave calibration signal and feed them into the receiving channel through the calibration network to complete the amplitude and phase consistency detection and calibration of the system's transmission, reception, and sensing channels.

10. A method for implementing a low-altitude panoramic staring sensing base station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing base station implemented by the method is used to provide basic support for the three-dimensional digital spatial grid monitoring platform in low-altitude airspace by integrating sensing and communication data. The data includes low-altitude aircraft, ground pedestrians and vehicles, water vessels, low-altitude spectrum, meteorological and environmental information.

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