A rotating duplex wireless optical communication assembly, signal transmission method and assembly method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of optical communication, and discloses a rotating duplex wireless optical communication assembly, which comprises a circuit board, a laser chip and a detector chip connected to the circuit board, and a lens covering the laser chip and the detector chip and connected to the circuit board; the lens has a first lens area and a second lens area; the first lens area is located on the light-emitting side of the laser chip; one side surface of the first lens area is formed with a two-dimensional conical surface, which is used for transforming the light beam emitted by the laser chip into a divergent annular light spot and emitting the light spot to a communication assembly at the opposite end. The application aims to solve the problem of communication quality fluctuation caused by offset and angle deviation during the rotating operation mode and the assembly process of the rotating duplex communication system in the prior art, and effectively reduces the interference of the laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical communication technology, specifically to a rotating duplex wireless optical communication component, a signal transmission method, and an assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary duplex systems are widely used in applications such as surround-view radar, industrial robotic arms, and panoramic monitoring equipment, serving the function of transmitting data between two relatively rotating physical components.

[0003] The conventional method of communication in a rotating full-duplex system is via a cable connecting two components relative to each other, where sliding rings or contact brushes are used to transmit electrical signals at the rotating position, specifically as follows: Figure 4 As shown, wear and tear on the contact limits its service life, and the omnidirectional propagation of electrical signals on the sliding ring causes multipath propagation, which leads to differences in the running time of each electrical signal and thus limits its transmission bandwidth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the communication quality fluctuation problem caused by offset and deflection during the rotation working mode and assembly process of the existing rotating full-duplex communication system, and to effectively reduce the laser beam interference, and to propose a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a rotating duplex wireless optical communication component, comprising: a circuit board and a laser chip and a detector chip connected to the circuit board, wherein a lens covering the laser chip and the detector chip is also connected to the circuit board; The lens has a first lens area and a second lens area. The first lens area is located on the light-emitting side of the laser chip, and a two-dimensional conical surface is formed on one side surface of the first lens area to transform the light beam emitted from the laser chip into a diverging ring light spot and transmit it to the other end communication component. The second lens area is located on the light-incident side of the detector chip, and the second lens area has an inclined double-sided aspherical surface to converge part of the light beam from the external diverging ring light spot from the other end communication component to the detector chip.

[0006] In one embodiment, the laser chip is disposed on the rotational central axis of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component.

[0007] In one embodiment, a first aspherical surface is formed on the other side surface of the first lens region, and the first aspherical surface is located between the laser chip and the two-dimensional conical surface; The first aspherical surface is used to convert the beam emitted from the laser chip into a parallel beam, and the two-dimensional conical surface is used to convert the parallel beam into the diverging annular spot with a central dark area.

[0008] In one embodiment, the double-sided aspherical surface includes a second aspherical surface and a third aspherical surface, wherein the second aspherical surface is located outside the lens, and the third aspherical surface is located inside the lens and directly opposite the detector chip.

[0009] In one embodiment, the two-dimensional conical surface has a light cone vertex, the second aspherical surface has an aspherical vertex, the laser chip has a light output port center, and the detector chip has a light window center; The light cone vertex, the aspherical vertex, the light outlet center, and the light window center are located in the same longitudinal reference plane, which is perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board.

[0010] In one embodiment, within the longitudinal reference plane, the line connecting the aspherical vertex and the center of the light window forms a preset angle with respect to the line connecting the light cone vertex and the center of the light outlet.

[0011] In one embodiment, the circuit board is provided with a first pad and a second pad, and the bottom electrodes of the laser chip and the detector chip are respectively bonded to the first pad and the second pad through conductive silver paste layers.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a signal transmission method for a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applied to the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component as described above, comprising: A beam of light is emitted through the laser chip; The beam is transformed into the diverging ring-shaped light spot through the first lens area and transmitted to the peer communication component; The double-sided aspherical surface of the second lens region converges a portion of the beam from the external diverging annular spot of the peer communication component onto the detector chip. The detector chip converts the converged light beam into an electrical signal.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for assembling a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applicable to assembling the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component as described above, comprising: The laser chip and the detector chip are mounted on the circuit board at a preset spacing. Move the lens above the circuit board and adjust the lens to be parallel to the circuit board; The diverging annular spot formed by the beam emitted by the laser chip after passing through the lens is monitored. When the divergence angle and the width of the annular spot reach the preset spot parameter threshold, the lens is fixed to the circuit board.

[0014] In one embodiment, before fixing the lens to the circuit board, the method further includes: Construct a longitudinal reference plane passing through the center of the light output port of the laser chip and the center of the optical window of the detector chip; Adjust the position and angle of the lens so that the light cone vertex of the two-dimensional cone and the aspherical vertex of the double-sided aspherical surface fall into the longitudinal reference plane.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention integrates the signal transmitting source and receiving components onto the same carrier substrate and achieves non-contact spatial optical coupling transmission using a composite optical shaping element. At the transmitting end, a characteristic rotationally symmetric microstructure reconstructs the light beam emitted by the transmitting source into a spatially annular optical field, ensuring the continuous stability of the optical link during relative rotation and completely eliminating the constraints of mechanical wear on system durability. At the receiving end, an inclined asymmetric hyperboloid control structure is used to collect and focus the light beam from the annular spatial optical field at the opposite end to the receiving component, significantly improving the light energy utilization and signal-to-noise ratio. This effectively overcomes the time delay dispersion and bandwidth bottleneck in traditional electrical signal transmission, expands the communication bandwidth, and the highly integrated design of the bidirectional optical path control structure further simplifies assembly complexity and improves the overall structural stability and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the duplex optical path of the rotating duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure in the prior art of this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention in an ideal assembly position; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention at a horizontal offset position; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention at the angular offset position; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the signal transmission method of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the signal assembly method for the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Circuit board; 2. Laser chip; 3. Detector chip; 4. Lens; 41. First lens area; 42. Second lens area; 5. First aspherical surface; 6. Two-dimensional cone surface; 7. Second aspherical surface; 8. Third aspherical surface. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The term "aspheric surface" as used in this application encompasses various optical surfaces capable of beam shaping, such as Fresnel spheres and biconical surfaces, to reflect their functional characteristics of changing the direction of beam propagation.

[0020] According to a first aspect of this application, this application provides a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component. For example... Figure 1 As shown, a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication system typically consists of two identical communication components (hereinafter referred to as component A and component B). Component A and component B are mounted opposite each other along the rotation axis, with one component fixed while the other rotates around the central axis. Each communication component integrates laser emission and optical signal reception functions. That is, the light beam emitted by the laser chip 2 inside component A is optically shaped and propagates in free space to reach component B. The receiving optical system inside component B focuses the light beam onto the detector chip 3 inside component B for photoelectric conversion. Simultaneously, the light beam emitted by the laser chip 2 inside component B propagates in the same manner to the detector chip 3 of component A. In this way, full-duplex free-space optical communication is achieved between component A and component B.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the rotating duplex wireless optical communication component provided in this application includes: a circuit board 1 and a laser chip 2 and a detector chip 3 connected to the circuit board 1. A lens 4 covering the laser chip 2 and the detector chip 3 is also connected to the circuit board 1. The lens 4 has a first lens area 41 and a second lens area 42. The first lens area 41 is located on the light-emitting side of the laser chip 2, and a two-dimensional conical surface 6 is formed on one side surface of the first lens area 41, which is used to transform the light beam emitted from the laser chip 2 into a diverging ring light spot and emit it to the other end communication component. The second lens area 42 is located on the light-incident side of the detector chip 3, and the second lens area 42 has an inclined double-sided aspherical surface, which is used to converge part of the light beam from the external diverging ring light spot from the other end communication component to the detector chip 3.

[0022] Understandably, this application transforms the beam emitted from laser chip 2 into a diverging annular light spot through a two-dimensional conical surface 6. This diverging annular light spot presents a circular light cone distribution in space, with its central region (i.e., within the inner diameter of the annular light spot) being a dark area, and the light energy concentrated in the annular light band region. The core significance of this optical design is that, in a full-duplex communication scenario, the laser chip of the peer communication component is also located near the rotation center axis, and the central dark area of ​​the diverging annular light spot precisely covers the area where the peer laser chip is located. Therefore, the light energy received by the peer laser chip from its own laser is extremely low, effectively reducing the beam exchange efficiency between lasers. At the same time, after the annular light band diverges outward to the peer communication component, the second lens area 42 of the peer communication component can intercept part of the beam from the annular light band and converge it onto the detector chip 3, achieving effective signal reception. Because the energy distribution of the annular light spot in the circumferential direction is rotationally symmetric, the light energy intercepted by the remote communication component at different rotation angles remains essentially constant during the rotation of the local component around its central axis, thus ensuring the stability of the optical path coupling efficiency under rotational conditions. It should be noted that the "remote communication component" referred to here is another communication component installed opposite the current communication component; both have the same structure but serve as the rotating end and fixed end in the system, respectively.

[0023] Based on this, this application employs an inclined double-sided aspherical surface in the second lens region 42 to converge a portion of the beam from the external diverging annular light spot. It is understood that the second lens region 42 only captures a portion of the beam from the diverging annular light spot of the peer communication component, rather than the entire beam; that is, it only converges a segment of the annular light band. This design allows the aperture of the second lens region 42 to cover only a local area of ​​the annular light band to meet the light input requirements of the detector chip 3, thereby significantly reducing the size of the receiving lens. Unlike traditional solutions that require a large-aperture lens to cover the entire annular optical path, this application's solution only converges a portion of the annular light, resulting in a significant reduction in the overall size of the lens 4, thus achieving miniaturization of the optical communication component. Exemplarily, the lens 4 is manufactured using an injection molding process, integrating the first lens region 41 and the second lens region 42 into the same lens body, and the overall size of the lens 4 can be controlled within 3mm × 3mm. Of course, in other embodiments, the lens 4 can also be manufactured using other optical processing techniques such as glass molding and precision cutting; this application does not limit this.

[0024] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1As shown, laser chip 2 is positioned on the rotational central axis of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component. It can be understood that positioning laser chip 2 on the rotational central axis ensures that the center of its output port coincides with or approximately coincides with the geometric axis around which the component rotates. The purpose is twofold: First, because laser chip 2 is located on the rotational central axis, the divergent annular spot formed by its emitted beam after transformation by the two-dimensional conical surface 6 is rotationally symmetrically distributed in space about the rotational central axis. Therefore, when the component rotates around the rotational central axis, the spatial distribution of the annular spot remains unchanged, and the optical energy received by the remote communication component at any rotational angle is constant, thus ensuring the stability of the communication link during rotation. Second, since the laser chip of the remote communication component is also located on the rotational central axis, and the central dark area of ​​the divergent annular spot emitted by this end is precisely centered on the rotational central axis, the central dark area always covers the location of the remote laser chip at any angle during rotation, thus maintaining extremely low beam-to-beam efficiency throughout the entire rotation range. It should be noted that "set on the rotation center axis" does not mean absolute zero deviation alignment. In actual assembly, a small amount of eccentricity is allowed, as long as the eccentricity does not exceed the design tolerance, the optical performance requirements can be met.

[0025] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, a first aspherical surface 5 is formed on the other side surface of the first lens region 41, and the first aspherical surface 5 is located between the laser chip 2 and the two-dimensional conical surface 6. The first aspherical surface 5 is used to convert the beam emitted from the laser chip 2 into a parallel beam, and the two-dimensional conical surface 6 is used to convert the parallel beam into a diverging ring-shaped light spot with a central dark area.

[0026] Understandably, the original beam emitted from laser chip 2 is typically a divergent beam, the divergence angle of which is determined by the active region structure of laser chip 2. This divergent beam is first collimated by the first aspherical surface 5, meaning the first aspherical surface 5 refracts the divergent beam into a parallel beam propagating along the rotational central axis. The parallel beam then strikes the two-dimensional conical surface 6 on the outer surface of the first lens region 41. The two-dimensional conical surface 6 is a conical optical surface that is rotationally symmetrical about the rotational central axis. Its shape causes the parallel incident beam to be refracted and deflected into a ring-shaped light cone that diverges outward at a certain angle relative to the rotational central axis after passing through this surface. After refraction by the two-dimensional conical surface 6, the parallel beam no longer propagates along the axial direction, but is deflected into a ring-shaped light band that gradually expands outward about the rotational central axis. Within the central region enclosed by the inner diameter of this ring-shaped light band, the light energy distribution is extremely low because the beam has been deflected to the periphery by the conical surface, thus forming the aforementioned central dark region. It should be noted that the two-step optical processing, which first collimates the beam into a parallel beam using the first aspherical surface 5 and then performs a ring transformation using the two-dimensional conical surface 6, achieves a more spatially uniform ring-shaped light spot, a clearer boundary of the central dark area, and a more controllable divergence angle compared to the scheme of directly transforming the diverging beam through the conical surface. This is beneficial for achieving stable and efficient optical signal reception at the other end of the communication component. For example, the first aspherical surface 5 can be an even-order aspherical surface, a Fresnel sphere, or a hyperboloid, etc., which can achieve collimation. Alternatively, in scenarios where the quality of collimated beams is highly demanding, the first aspherical surface 5 can also adopt a composite surface type with multiple order diffraction surfaces superimposed to further suppress spherical aberration.

[0027] Based on this, in one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the double-sided aspherical surface includes a second aspherical surface 7 and a third aspherical surface 8. The second aspherical surface 7 is located on the outer side of the lens 4, that is, on the side facing the free space propagation path, and is used to perform initial refraction and focusing of part of the beam from the external diverging annular light spot of the peer communication component. The third aspherical surface 8 is located on the inner side of the lens 4 and faces the detector chip 3, that is, on the side facing the circuit board 1, and is used to perform secondary refraction and focusing of the beam after it has been refracted by the second aspherical surface 7, and finally focus the beam onto the optical window of the detector chip 3. The optical axes of the second aspherical surface 7 and the third aspherical surface 8 are tilted at a preset angle relative to the rotation center axis.

[0028] It is understandable that the second lens region 42 needs to capture a portion of the beam from the diverging annular spot of the communication component at the other end. This portion of the beam does not propagate parallel to the rotation center axis, but rather enters from the other end at a certain deflection angle relative to the rotation center axis. Therefore, if the optical axes of the second aspherical surface 7 and the third aspherical surface 8 are set parallel to the rotation center axis, the incident angle of the beam relative to the lens optical axis will be large, causing severe aberrations and affecting the focusing quality. Setting the optical axes of the two aspherical surfaces at a preset angle relative to the rotation center axis allows the incident portion of the annular beam to enter the optical system of the second aspherical surface 7 and the third aspherical surface 8 at an angle closer to the paraxial direction, thereby reducing aberrations, improving focusing efficiency, and increasing the system's tolerance to offset and deflection angles. For example, the preset angle can be set to 4° to 7°, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the included angle is set at 5°. In other embodiments, the specific value is determined by a comprehensive optimization of parameters such as the divergence angle of the annular light spot, the distance between the detector chip 3 and the laser chip 2, and the target optical tolerance range. It should be noted that the "outer side" mentioned here refers to the side of the lens 4 away from the circuit board 1, and the "inner side" refers to the side of the lens 4 closer to the circuit board 1.

[0029] Based on the foregoing, in one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the two-dimensional conical surface 6 has a light cone vertex, the second aspherical surface 7 has an aspherical vertex, the laser chip 2 has a light output port center, and the detector chip 3 has a light window center. The light cone vertex, the aspherical surface vertex, the light output port center, and the light window center are located in the same longitudinal reference plane, which is perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board 1.

[0030] It is understandable that the vertex of the light cone is the intersection of the rotational symmetry axis of the two-dimensional cone surface 6 and the cone surface itself, corresponding to the optical center of the annular beam transformation in the optical system. The vertex of the aspherical surface is the center point of the surface shape of the second aspherical surface 7, corresponding to the optical center of the receiving and converging light path in the optical system. The center of the light outlet is the geometric center of the active region emission surface of the laser chip 2. The center of the optical window is the geometric center of the photosensitive area of ​​the detector chip 3. Constraining the above four key optical reference points within the same longitudinal reference plane perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board 1 aims to ensure that the emitting light path (the light path from the center of the light outlet through the first aspherical surface 5 to the vertex of the light cone) and the receiving light path (the light path from the vertex of the aspherical surface through the third aspherical surface 8 to the center of the optical window) are located within the same longitudinal section, thereby ensuring that the emitting and receiving light paths have a definite geometric relationship within this longitudinal section. This coplanar constraint simplifies the design freedom of the optical system, allowing the relationship between the emitting and receiving light paths to be completely determined within a two-dimensional plane, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and accuracy of assembly positioning.

[0031] Based on this, in one embodiment of this application, within the longitudinal reference plane, the line connecting the vertex of the aspherical surface and the center of the optical window is set at a preset angle relative to the line connecting the vertex of the optical cone and the center of the light outlet. It can be understood that the line connecting the vertex of the optical cone and the center of the light outlet represents the optical axis direction of the emitting optical path, and when the laser chip 2 is located on the rotation center axis, this line coincides with or is approximately parallel to the rotation center axis. The line connecting the vertex of the aspherical surface and the center of the optical window represents the optical axis direction of the receiving optical path. The optical axis of the receiving optical path is tilted at a preset angle relative to the optical axis of the emitting optical path, such that the receiving lens optical system composed of the second aspherical surface 7 and the third aspherical surface 8 faces the incident direction of the externally diverging annular light spot at a preset angle. It should be noted that this preset angle is consistent with the tilt angle of the optical axes of the second aspherical surface 7 and the third aspherical surface 8 relative to the rotation center axis; that is, the tilt degree of the double-sided aspherical surface is geometrically described by defining the angle relationship between these two lines within the longitudinal reference plane.

[0032] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, circuit board 1 has a first pad and a second pad. The bottom electrodes of laser chip 2 and detector chip 3 are respectively bonded to the first pad and the second pad using conductive silver paste layers. The conductive silver paste layer serves a dual purpose of mechanical fixation and electrical conduction. On the one hand, it firmly bonds laser chip 2 and detector chip 3 to designated positions on circuit board 1; on the other hand, it forms an electrical connection between the bottom electrodes of the chips and the pads on circuit board 1 through the conductivity of the conductive silver paste. For example, the first pad and the second pad are arranged on the surface of circuit board 1 at a preset spacing, which can be set to 1.2mm to 2.0mm, for example, 1.5mm. The conductive silver paste can be applied to the first pad and the second pad respectively using a dispensing method. The number of silver paste dots on each pad can be one or two, for example, two, to ensure the bonding area and contact uniformity between the bottom of the chip and the pad. After the chip mounting is completed, the conductive silver paste is cured by a baking process. For example, the baking temperature can be set to 120℃ to 180℃, and the baking time can be set to 30 minutes to 120 minutes. It should be noted that during the mounting process of the detector chip 3, the actual position of the laser chip 2 on the circuit board 1 can be identified first by mechanical vision, and then the mounting coordinates of the detector chip 3 can be determined based on the actual position of the laser chip 2, thereby ensuring the spacing accuracy between the laser chip 2 and the detector chip 3.

[0033] The core working principle of the optical system in this application will be explained in general below. For example... Figure 1As shown, taking the transmission of optical signals from component A to component B as an example, the laser chip 2 inside component A emits a diverging beam after being powered on. This diverging beam is first collimated into a parallel beam by the first aspherical surface 5 of the lens 4 in component A. The parallel beam continues to propagate to the two-dimensional conical surface 6, where it is refracted and deflected into a diverging annular beam with the rotation center axis as its axis of symmetry. This diverging annular beam propagates outward in free space, and its annular cross-section gradually expands with the propagation distance, while the diameter of the central dark area also increases accordingly. When this diverging annular beam reaches component B, the second aspherical surface 7 of the lens 4 inside component B intercepts a segment of the arc light in the annular beam. After the arc light is initially converged by the refraction of the second aspherical surface 7, it continues to be refractioned and converged a second time by the third aspherical surface 8, finally reaching the photosensitive area of ​​the detector chip 3 inside component B, completing the reception of the optical signal. Simultaneously, because the central dark area of ​​the diverging ring beam covers the location of the laser chip 2 inside component B, the light energy received by the laser chip 2 inside component B from the laser in component A is extremely low, and the beam-to-beam efficiency can be controlled below 0.1%. Similarly, the emitted light from the laser chip 2 inside component B undergoes the same optical path transformation and partially converges to the detector chip 3 inside component A, completing the reverse communication link. For example, as... Figures 5 to 7 As shown, under ideal assembly position, the optical path coupling efficiency can reach more than 10%; under the condition of horizontal offset ±0.4mm, the optical path coupling efficiency can still be maintained at more than 10%; under the condition of angular offset ±1°, the optical path coupling efficiency can also be maintained at more than 10%.

[0034] Compared to the traditional design approach of placing the detector chip on the rotational central axis and offsetting the laser chip, this application's scheme, which places the laser chip 2 on the rotational central axis and uses a two-dimensional conical surface 6 for ring light transformation, has technical advantages. In the traditional scheme, because the laser chip is offset outside the rotational central axis, the spatial distribution of its emitted beam after optical shaping lacks rotational symmetry. As the components rotate, the intensity of the received optical signal at the other end fluctuates periodically, affecting the stability of communication quality. Furthermore, in the traditional scheme, the optical path between the laser chips of the two components does not form a natural energy isolation structure, making laser beam through-beaming a prominent problem. In contrast, in this application's scheme, the ring beam emitted by the laser chip 2 located on the rotational central axis has rotational symmetry, ensuring the stability of the communication link during rotation; simultaneously, the central dark area of ​​the ring beam forms a natural optical isolation, effectively solving the laser beam through-beaming problem.

[0035] According to the second aspect of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, this application provides a signal transmission method for a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applied to the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication components in the above embodiments. The signal transmission method includes the following steps: S110 emits a beam of light through laser chip 2.

[0036] In one embodiment of this application, the laser chip 2 can be an edge-emitting laser chip or a surface-emitting laser chip (such as a VCSEL chip), and its emission wavelength is selected according to the application scenario. For example, wavelengths such as 850nm, 940nm, or 1310nm can be selected. Under the control of the driving circuit, the laser chip 2 modulates the electrical signal to be transmitted into an optical signal and emits it.

[0037] S120, the beam is transformed into a diverging ring-shaped light spot through the first lens area 41 and transmitted to the other end communication component.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the divergent beam emitted from the laser chip 2 is first converted into a parallel beam by the first aspherical surface 5, and then converted into a divergent annular spot with a central dark area by the two-dimensional conical surface 6. This divergent annular spot propagates in free space along the rotational axis towards the opposite communication component. It is understood that since the divergent annular spot is rotationally symmetrical about the rotational axis, the spatial distribution of the emitted annular spot remains unchanged regardless of the rotation angle of the component, thus ensuring the consistency of optical signal transmission during rotation.

[0039] S130, through the double-sided aspherical surface of the second lens area 42, a portion of the beam from the external diverging annular spot of the peer communication component is focused onto the detector chip 3.

[0040] In one embodiment of this application, when the externally diverging annular light spot from the peer communication component reaches the local communication component, a segment of its annular light band is intercepted by the second aspherical surface 7 of the second lens region 42 and undergoes initial refraction and focusing. Then, it undergoes secondary refraction and focusing through the third aspherical surface 8, ultimately focusing onto the optical window of the detector chip 3. It is understood that because the optical axes of the double-sided aspherical surface are tilted at a preset angle relative to the rotation center axis, the incident annular beam enters the receiving optical system at a near-paraxial angle, reducing aberrations and improving focusing efficiency and the system's tolerance to offset angles.

[0041] S140 converts the converged light beam into an electrical signal through detector chip 3.

[0042] In one embodiment of this application, the detector chip 3 can be a PIN-type photodetector or an APD-type photodetector, whose receiving wavelength matches the emission wavelength of the laser chip 2 of the peer communication component. For example, when the emission wavelength of the laser chip 2 is 850nm, the detector chip 3 accordingly selects a silicon-based PIN photodetector with high responsivity to the 850nm wavelength. The optical signal converged onto the optical window of the detector chip 3 is photoelectrically converted into a current signal, amplified by a transimpedance amplifier at the back end, and then restored to the original data signal, thereby completing an optical communication link in one direction.

[0043] It should be noted that steps S110 to S140 described above describe a unidirectional (e.g., from component A to component B) signal transmission process. In full-duplex operation mode, signal transmission from component B to component A occurs simultaneously, with the optical path and transmission process being the same as described above; the signal transmissions in the two directions do not interfere with each other. Because the central dark areas of the diverging annular light spots in both directions respectively cover the locations of the laser chips at the opposite ends, the beam-to-beam efficiency between the lasers in the two directions is extremely low, ensuring the reliability of full-duplex communication.

[0044] According to the third aspect of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, this application provides a method for assembling a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applied to assembling the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication components in the above embodiments. The assembly method includes the following steps: S210, the laser chip 2 and the detector chip 3 are mounted on the circuit board 1 at a preset spacing.

[0045] In one embodiment of this application, the specific implementation of this step is as follows: First, conductive silver paste is applied to the first and second pads of the circuit board 1, exemplarily two dots of conductive silver paste can be applied to each pad; then, the laser chip 2 is mounted on the conductive silver paste on the first pad, so that the bottom electrode of the laser chip 2 is electrically connected to the first pad through the conductive silver paste; next, the actual position coordinates of the laser chip 2 on the circuit board 1 are identified by a machine vision system, and the mounting coordinates of the detector chip 3 are determined according to a preset spacing based on the actual position of the laser chip 2, and the detector chip 3 is mounted on the conductive silver paste on the second pad; finally, the mounted circuit board 1 is sent to an oven for curing and baking, so that the conductive silver paste layer is cured, thereby firmly fixing the laser chip 2 and the detector chip 3 to the circuit board 1. For example, the preset spacing is 1.5mm. It can be understood that the method of mounting the detector chip 3 based on the actual position of the laser chip 2 can compensate for the positional deviation that may occur during the mounting process of the laser chip 2, ensuring that the spacing accuracy between the two chips meets the requirements of subsequent lens optical coupling.

[0046] S220, move lens 4 above circuit board 1 and adjust lens 4 to be parallel to circuit board 1.

[0047] In one embodiment of this application, a circuit board 1, on which a laser chip 2 and a detector chip 3 are mounted, is fixed to an assembly fixture. Then, a precision clamping device is used to hold a lens 4 and move it to a position near the designed location above the circuit board 1. The parallelism between the bottom surface of the lens 4 and the upper surface of the circuit board 1 is detected by a machine vision system, and the orientation of the lens 4 is adjusted so that its bottom surface is parallel to the upper surface of the circuit board 1. It is understood that the parallelism between the bottom surface of the lens 4 and the upper surface of the circuit board 1 ensures that the optical axis direction of the first lens area 41 is consistent with the normal direction of the circuit board 1, that is, consistent with the direction of the rotation center axis. This ensures that the beam emitted from the laser chip 2, after being collimated by the first aspherical surface 5, propagates along the rotation center axis direction and, after being transformed by the two-dimensional conical surface 6, forms a diverging annular spot with the rotation center axis as its axis of symmetry.

[0048] S230: Monitor the diverging ring-shaped light spot formed by the light beam emitted by the laser chip 2 after passing through the lens 4. When the divergence angle and ring width of the diverging ring-shaped light spot reach the preset light spot parameter threshold, fix the lens 4 to the circuit board 1.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, after adjusting the orientation of lens 4 to be parallel, laser chip 2 is activated to emit a light beam. This beam passes through the first aspherical surface 5 and the two-dimensional conical surface 6 of lens 4, forming a diverging annular spot. Using a beam analyzer or CCD camera, images of the diverging annular spot are acquired in real time at a cross-section a certain distance from lens 4, and the divergence angle and ring width of the spot are analyzed. During monitoring, the divergence angle and ring width of the diverging annular spot are gradually adjusted to approach the design values ​​calculated by optical simulation by finely adjusting the horizontal position of lens 4 relative to circuit board 1 (moving along the X and Y directions within the plane of circuit board 1). When both the divergence angle and ring width reach the preset spot parameter thresholds, i.e., when the deviation between the actual measured value and the simulation design value is within the allowable tolerance range, the adjustment is stopped, and lens 4 is fixed to circuit board 1 using adhesive material. For example, the adhesive material can be a UV-curable epoxy resin adhesive. After confirming that the light spot parameters meet the requirements, the epoxy resin adhesive is applied to the joint edge between the lens 4 and the circuit board 1 by dispensing, and then the adhesive is cured by UV irradiation or heating. Of course, in other embodiments, the adhesive material can also be other types of optical adhesives such as thermosetting adhesives and anaerobic adhesives, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0050] It should be noted that the preset spot parameter threshold is a set of parameter values ​​predetermined based on optical simulation calculations. This set includes the target value of the divergence angle and its allowable deviation range, as well as the target value of the ring width and its allowable deviation range. For example, if the designed divergence angle is 5°, the allowable range of the divergence angle in the preset spot parameter threshold can be set to 5° ± 0.5°; if the designed ring width is 0.3 mm (at a fixed observation distance), the allowable range of the ring width can be set to 0.3 mm ± 0.05 mm.

[0051] In one embodiment of this application, before fixing the lens 4 to the circuit board 1, the method further includes: constructing a longitudinal reference plane passing through the center of the light outlet of the laser chip 2 and the center of the light window of the detector chip 3; adjusting the position and angle of the lens 4 so that the light cone vertex of the two-dimensional cone surface 6 and the aspherical vertex of the double-sided aspherical surface fall into the longitudinal reference plane.

[0052] Understandably, the purpose of this step is to ensure that the optical center of the emitting light path (the vertex of the light cone) and the optical center of the receiving light path (the vertex of the aspherical surface) inside lens 4 are located within the same longitudinal section as their corresponding chip centers (the center of the light outlet and the center of the optical window). In specific implementation, firstly, based on the actual mounting positions of laser chip 2 and detector chip 3 on circuit board 1, the plane containing the center line of the two chips is determined. This plane, perpendicular to the surface of circuit board 1, is the longitudinal reference plane. Then, during the adjustment of lens 4, the actual positions of the vertex of the light cone on the two-dimensional cone surface 6 and the vertex of the aspherical surface 7 on lens 4 are observed through a mechanical vision system. Lens 4 is adjusted so that the line connecting the vertex of the light cone and the vertex of the aspherical surface is parallel to the line connecting the center of the light outlet and the center of the optical window, and these four points are coplanar within the longitudinal reference plane. This adjustment process can be carried out simultaneously with the parallelism adjustment in step S220 and the light spot parameter monitoring in step S230. That is, under the constraint that the lens 4 is parallel to the circuit board 1 and the apex of the light cone and the aspherical apex fall into the longitudinal reference plane, the horizontal position of the lens 4 is finely adjusted so that the parameters of the diverging ring light spot meet the preset requirements.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, characterized in that, include: The circuit board (1) and the laser chip (2) and the detector chip (3) connected to the circuit board (1) are also connected to the circuit board (1) and the lens (4) covering the laser chip (2) and the detector chip (3). The lens (4) has a first lens area (41) and a second lens area (42). The first lens area (41) is located on the light-emitting side of the laser chip (2), and a two-dimensional conical surface (6) is formed on one side surface of the first lens area (41) to convert the light beam emitted from the laser chip (2) into a diverging ring light spot and emit it to the other end communication component. The second lens area (42) is located on the light-incident side of the detector chip (3), and the second lens area (42) has an inclined double-sided aspherical surface to converge part of the light beam from the external diverging ring light spot of the other end communication component to the detector chip (3).

2. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser chip (2) is located on the rotation center axis of the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component.

3. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first aspherical surface (5) is formed on the other side surface of the first lens area (41), and the first aspherical surface (5) is located between the laser chip (2) and the two-dimensional conical surface (6); The first aspherical surface (5) is used to convert the beam emitted from the laser chip (2) into a parallel beam, and the two-dimensional conical surface (6) is used to convert the parallel beam into the divergent annular spot with a central dark area.

4. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The double-sided aspherical surface includes a second aspherical surface (7) and a third aspherical surface (8). The second aspherical surface (7) is located outside the lens (4), and the third aspherical surface (8) is located inside the lens (4) and faces the detector chip (3).

5. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two-dimensional cone (6) has a light cone vertex, the second aspherical surface (7) has an aspherical vertex, the laser chip (2) has a light outlet center, and the detector chip (3) has a light window center; The light cone vertex, the aspherical vertex, the light outlet center, and the light window center are located in the same longitudinal reference plane, which is perpendicular to the surface of the circuit board (1).

6. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 5, characterized in that, Within the longitudinal reference plane, the line connecting the aspherical vertex and the center of the light window forms a preset angle with respect to the line connecting the light cone vertex and the center of the light outlet.

7. The rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board (1) is provided with a first pad and a second pad. The bottom electrodes of the laser chip (2) and the detector chip (3) are respectively bonded to the first pad and the second pad through conductive silver paste layer.

8. A signal transmission method for a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applied to the rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: A beam of light is emitted through the laser chip (2); The beam is transformed into the diverging annular spot through the first lens area (41) and transmitted to the peer communication component; The double-sided aspherical surface of the second lens region (42) converges a portion of the beam from the external diverging annular spot of the peer communication component to the detector chip (3). The converged light beam is converted into an electrical signal by the detector chip (3).

9. A method for assembling a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component, applied to assembling a rotating full-duplex wireless optical communication component as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: The laser chip (2) and the detector chip (3) are mounted on the circuit board (1) at a preset spacing; Move the lens (4) above the circuit board (1) and adjust the lens (4) to be parallel to the circuit board (1); Monitor the diverging ring spot formed by the beam emitted by the laser chip (2) after passing through the lens (4). When the divergence angle and ring width of the diverging ring spot reach the preset spot parameter threshold, fix the lens (4) to the circuit board (1).

10. The assembly method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Before fixing the lens (4) to the circuit board (1), the method further includes: Construct a longitudinal reference plane passing through the center of the light output port of the laser chip (2) and the center of the optical window of the detector chip (3); Adjust the position and angle of the lens (4) so ​​that the light cone vertex of the two-dimensional cone surface (6) and the aspherical vertex of the double-sided aspherical surface fall into the longitudinal reference plane.

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