A 6g wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system

Abstract

The application discloses a 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication.The controlled movement of a transmitting end PASS along a waveguide is modeled as one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, a 6G universal channel model is combined, and waveguide propagation effects, including waveguide time-varying phase shift and loss, are jointly considered to realize accurate modeling and optimization of a channel time autocorrelation function and channel capacity.The application comprises the following steps: PASS modeling based on one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, integration of the 6G universal channel model, mapping of internal physical effects of the waveguide, derivation of a closed solution of the time autocorrelation function, and calculation and simulation of the channel capacity.The application can effectively accelerate time de-correlation, reduce channel correlation, and significantly improve channel capacity.Simulation verification shows that the greater the amplitude and the higher the frequency of one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, the faster the time correlation decays, and the more obvious the capacity improvement, thereby providing a new scheme for channel modeling and optimization of a 6G communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication and antenna technology, and in particular to a 6G wireless channel modeling method based on pinching antenna systems (PASS). Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems geared towards 6G are evolving towards higher frequency bands, larger bandwidths, and denser network deployments, leading to increasing demands for channel capacity and transmission reliability. In traditional multi-antenna systems, antenna elements are typically rigidly arranged with fixed spacing, which restricts the spatial freedom of the channel. Furthermore, in complex dynamic propagation environments, the fixed spatial topology makes it difficult to flexibly avoid deep fading and obstruction, thus limiting the system's spectral efficiency and robustness.

[0003] To overcome the limitations of fixed antenna architectures, antenna reconfigurable technology has emerged, with PASS being a prime example. This system allows clamped antenna elements to slide or adjust their position on a dielectric waveguide carrier, enabling large-scale, real-time dynamic reconfiguration of antenna elements in physical space. This mechanism not only effectively expands spatial diversity gain but also actively adapts to the time-varying characteristics of the channel environment by optimizing element arrangement. However, most existing channel modeling studies are still based on the assumption of static or local fine-tuning of element positions, failing to accurately characterize the profound impact of large-scale spatial changes caused by the continuous sliding of the clamped antenna along the carrier on channel statistical characteristics, especially lacking systematic theoretical modeling of the dynamic evolution of the space-time correlation function and the resulting channel capacity gain. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a new method that can integrate the continuous motion characteristics of the clamped antenna with a 6G universal channel model to accurately characterize channel characteristics under dynamic topology, providing theoretical support for the design and optimization of 6G PASS. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system. By modeling the controlled motion of the clamping antenna on the waveguide as a one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, and taking into account the phase shift and loss propagating inside the waveguide, and combining it with a 6G universal channel model, the method can achieve accurate modeling and optimization of the channel time autocorrelation function and channel capacity, which include the dynamic characteristics of the clamping antenna.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system, proposed according to the present invention, includes:

[0007] Step S1: Model the change in position of each clamped antenna in the transmitter PASS along the waveguide over time as a one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, while keeping the receiver antenna stationary.

[0008] Step S2: Model the channel impulse response of free space propagation using the 6G ubiquitous channel model, decompose the channel impulse response into line-of-sight (LoS) components and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components, and introduce waveguide propagation effects, including waveguide time-varying phase shift and waveguide loss, to obtain the PASS-assisted channel parameter matrix.

[0009] Step S3: Map the displacement of one-dimensional simple harmonic motion to the dynamic change of the free space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna, and integrate the waveguide propagation effect into the 6G universal channel model to construct the PASS-assisted channel transmission function.

[0010] Step S4: Based on the dynamic change of the free space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna and the PASS-assisted channel transmission function, derive the time autocorrelation function of the line-of-sight LoS component and the non-line-of-sight NLoS component, and analyze the influence of the parameters of the one-dimensional harmonic motion of the clamping antenna on the time autocorrelation function.

[0011] Step S5: Calculate the channel capacity based on the PASS-assisted channel parameter matrix and the MIMO channel capacity formula, and analyze the influence of the parameters of the one-dimensional simple harmonic motion of the clamping antenna on the channel capacity.

[0012] Step S6: Based on the influence of parameters of one-dimensional simple harmonic motion on the time autocorrelation function and channel capacity, numerical simulations are performed on the time autocorrelation function and channel capacity to demonstrate the changes in channel characteristics.

[0013] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S1, the change of the position of the clamping antenna along the waveguide over time satisfies the following condition:

[0014]

[0015] in, Indicates the first A clamping antenna at time displacement, , and They represent the first The amplitude, angular frequency, and initial phase of the one-dimensional simple harmonic motion of the clamped antenna; initial phase It follows a uniform distribution on [0, 2π].

[0016] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S2, the channel parameter matrix of the 6G universal channel model is represented as follows:

[0017]

[0018] in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, For path loss, For the shadow to fade, For the blocking effect, Atmospheric absorption and loss, Losses due to weather conditions, For small-scale fading, For waveguide time-varying phase shift, For waveguide loss, It is Hadamard matrix multiplication;

[0019] Small-scale fading The Middle The clamping antenna and the first Channel impulse response between individual receiving antenna elements This is represented as the superposition of the line-of-sight (LoS) component and the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component:

[0020]

[0021] in, Rice factor, For time delay, For the line-of-sight (LoS) component, This refers to the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component.

[0022] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S3, the free space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna is... The following formula can be used for approximate calculation:

[0023]

[0024] in, This refers to the fixed distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. For the first A clamping antenna in The instantaneous radial coordinate at time t, and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the waveguide axis, respectively. For the first The radial coordinates of each receiving antenna and The first The elevation and azimuth angles of each receiving antenna.

[0025] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S3... Time-based PASS-assisted channel transmission function Represented as:

[0026]

[0027] in, For the first The clamping antenna and the first The channel transmission function in the free space portion between the receiving antennas. The number of receiving antennas, The number of clamping antennas;

[0028] Time-varying phase shift propagating inside the waveguide and waveguide loss They are modeled as follows:

[0029] The wavenumber propagating inside the waveguide

[0030] waveguide logarithmic loss

[0031] in, Let be the waveguide wavelength within the waveguide, and satisfy . , For free space wavelengths, This is the cutoff wavelength of the waveguide; The location of the waveguide feed point. denoted as the average attenuation factor of the dielectric waveguide, where e is the natural base and j is the imaginary unit.

[0032] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S4, the time autocorrelation function... for:

[0033]

[0034] in, express Time-based PASS-assisted channel transmission function, and Let these represent the time autocorrelation functions of the line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components, respectively. For time intervals, Indicates the conjugate operation;

[0035] Time correlation function of line-of-sight components The closed-form expression is:

[0036]

[0037] in, This is the array power normalization constant. It is a zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind. For time interval Irrelevant static constant terms The equivalent wavenumbers are defined as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] in, For the first The amplitude of the simple harmonic oscillation of the clamped antenna, and , This represents the distance between two adjacent clamped antennas in the initial state. Indicates the carrier frequency. This indicates the frequency at which the antenna operates.

[0041] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S4, the time correlation function of the non-line-of-sight component... Represented as:

[0042]

[0043] in, For scattering clusters at time intervals Survival probability within, intermediate variables , Indicates the desired operation.

[0044] As a further optimization of the 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system described in this invention, in step S5, the channel capacity... The calculation formula is:

[0045]

[0046] in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, for × The identity matrix, Here, represents the signal-to-noise ratio, and det(·) is the determinant operation. This indicates the conjugate transpose operation.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0048] (1) Accurately depict dynamic characteristics: By modeling the motion of the clamped antenna as a one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, and for the first time considering the change in free space propagation distance caused by antenna displacement, as well as the time-varying phase shift and transmission loss inside the waveguide, the channel characteristics of PASS under dynamic reconstruction can be reflected more realistically and accurately.

[0049] (2) Reduce time correlation: The derived closed solution of the time autocorrelation function shows that the one-dimensional harmonic motion of the clamping antenna can effectively accelerate the decay of channel time correlation. The larger the motion amplitude and the higher the angular frequency, the more significant the time decorrelation effect, which helps to reduce inter-symbol interference and optimize adaptive modulation.

[0050] (3) Significantly improve channel capacity: By utilizing the meter-scale mobility of the clamped antenna to construct near-user line-of-sight connections on the waveguide, compared with traditional static antenna arrays, the model of this invention verifies that PASS can significantly reduce large-scale path loss, and the controlled one-dimensional harmonic motion brings spatial diversity gain, thereby significantly improving the ergodic channel capacity of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall implementation of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the PASS and one-dimensional simple harmonic motion modeling of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a simulation diagram of the time autocorrelation function of the present invention under different one-dimensional simple harmonic motion amplitudes;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of the time autocorrelation function of the present invention under different one-dimensional simple harmonic motion angular frequencies;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of the channel capacity under different one-dimensional simple harmonic motion amplitudes according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the channel capacity under different one-dimensional simple harmonic motion angular frequencies according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the channel capacity of the PASS of this invention and a traditional antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a 6G wireless channel modeling method based on PASS, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0060] S1. Model the positional changes of each clamped antenna in the transmitting PASS along the waveguide as one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, while the receiving antenna remains stationary. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the clamping antenna can slide on the waveguide. A clamping antenna in The displacement at time t satisfies the following condition:

[0061]

[0062] in, , and Let represent the amplitude, angular frequency, and initial phase of the one-dimensional harmonic motion of the m-th clamping antenna, respectively. Initial phase It follows a uniform distribution on [0, 2π].

[0063] S2. The channel impulse response of free-space propagation is modeled using the 6G ubiquitous channel model. The channel parameter matrix of the 6G ubiquitous channel model is expressed as follows:

[0064]

[0065] in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, For path loss, For the shadow to fade, For the blocking effect, Atmospheric absorption and loss, Losses due to weather conditions, This is a small-scale fading.

[0066] Small-scale fading Represented as:

[0067] in, This refers to the number of antenna elements in the receiver's antenna array. The number of antennas held by the transmitting end. For carrier frequency, For time delay, For the first The clamping antenna and the first Channel impulse response between individual receiving antenna elements; It is the line-of-sight (LOS) component. With non-line-of-sight NLoS components The superposition of these elements is specifically calculated using the following formula:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] in, Rice factor; For the first The latency of the Loss of Path (LoS) at any given moment; For the first The total number of time clusters; For the first The total number of neutron paths in the c-th cluster at time c; For the NLoS condition, the first The clamping antenna to the first The first receiving antenna The th cluster Power of strip diameter; For time t, the first... The clamping antenna and the first Between the first receiving antenna The th cluster The time delay of the strip path, This is the Dirac function.

[0071] S3. The one-dimensional harmonic motion displacement of the clamped antenna is mapped to the dynamic change of the free space propagation distance. At the same time, the time-varying phase shift and waveguide loss generated by propagation inside the waveguide are introduced and integrated into the 6G universal channel model to construct a PASS-assisted channel transmission function.

[0072] Free-space dynamic propagation distance between clamping antenna and receiving antenna The following formula can be used for approximate calculation:

[0073]

[0074] in, This refers to the fixed distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. For the first A clamping antenna in The instantaneous radial coordinate at time t, which satisfies , These are the initial radial coordinates; and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the waveguide axis, respectively. For the first The radial coordinates of each receiving antenna and The first The elevation and azimuth angles of each receiving antenna.

[0075] The time-varying phase shift and waveguide loss propagating inside the waveguide are modeled as follows:

[0076] The wavenumber propagating inside the waveguide

[0077] waveguide logarithmic loss

[0078] in, Let be the waveguide wavelength within the waveguide, and satisfy . , For free space wavelengths, This is the cutoff wavelength of the waveguide; The location of the waveguide feed point. denoted as the average attenuation factor of the dielectric waveguide, where e is the natural base and j is the imaginary unit.

[0079] The PASS-assisted channel transmission function Represented as:

[0080]

[0081] in, For the first The clamping antenna and the first The channel transmission function in the free space portion between the receiving antennas. The number of receiving antennas, This represents the number of antennas to be clamped.

[0082] S4. Based on the PASS-assisted channel transmission function, derive the time autocorrelation functions of the line-of-sight components and non-line-of-sight components, and analyze the influence of the one-dimensional harmonic motion parameters of the clamping antenna on the time autocorrelation function.

[0083] Time autocorrelation function for:

[0084]

[0085] in, express Time-based PASS-assisted channel transmission function, and Representing the time autocorrelation functions of the line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components, respectively. .

[0086] Time correlation function of line-of-sight components The closed-form expression is:

[0087]

[0088] in, This is the array power normalization constant. It is a zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind. For time interval Irrelevant static constant terms The equivalent wavenumbers are defined as follows:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] in, For the first The amplitude of the simple harmonic oscillation of the clamped antenna, and , This represents the distance between two adjacent clamped antennas in the initial state. Indicates the carrier frequency. This indicates the frequency at which the antenna operates.

[0092] Time correlation function of non-line-of-sight components Represented as:

[0093]

[0094] in, For scattering clusters at time intervals Survival probability within, intermediate variables , Indicates the desired operation.

[0095] S5. Based on the PASS-assisted channel parameter matrix and the MIMO channel capacity formula, calculate the channel capacity and analyze the impact of the one-dimensional harmonic motion of the clamping antenna on the channel capacity. Channel Capacity The calculation formula is:

[0096]

[0097] in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, for × The identity matrix, Here, represents the signal-to-noise ratio, and det(·) is the determinant operation. This indicates the conjugate transpose operation.

[0098] S6. The constructed simulation platform demonstrates the changes in channel characteristics, including the dynamic updates of the time autocorrelation function and channel capacity. Figure 3The time autocorrelation function of the clamped antenna under different one-dimensional harmonic motion amplitudes is shown, indicating that the larger the amplitude, the faster the time autocorrelation decays; Figure 4 The time autocorrelation function of the clamped antenna at different one-dimensional harmonic motion angular frequencies is shown, indicating that the higher the angular frequency, the more obvious the time decorrelation effect. Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The channel capacity of the clamped antenna under different one-dimensional harmonic motion parameters was demonstrated, and it was verified that PASS can significantly improve the channel capacity compared with traditional static antenna arrays, and that reasonable controlled motion can further bring capacity gain.

[0099] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Model the change in position of each clamped antenna in the transmitter PASS along the waveguide over time as a one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, while keeping the receiver antenna stationary. Step S2: Model the channel impulse response of free space propagation using the 6G ubiquitous channel model, decompose the channel impulse response into line-of-sight (LoS) components and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components, and introduce waveguide propagation effects, including waveguide time-varying phase shift and waveguide loss, to obtain the PASS-assisted channel parameter matrix. Step S3: Map the displacement of one-dimensional simple harmonic motion to the dynamic change of the free space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna, and integrate the waveguide propagation effect into the 6G universal channel model to construct the PASS-assisted channel transmission function. Step S4: Based on the dynamic change of the free space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna and the PASS-assisted channel transmission function, derive the time autocorrelation function of the line-of-sight LoS component and the non-line-of-sight NLoS component, and analyze the influence of the parameters of the one-dimensional harmonic motion of the clamping antenna on the time autocorrelation function. Step S5: Calculate the channel capacity based on the PASS-assisted channel parameter matrix and the MIMO channel capacity formula, and analyze the influence of the parameters of the one-dimensional simple harmonic motion of the clamping antenna on the channel capacity. Step S6: Based on the influence of parameters of one-dimensional simple harmonic motion on the time autocorrelation function and channel capacity, numerical simulations are performed on the time autocorrelation function and channel capacity to demonstrate the changes in channel characteristics.

2. The 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the change in the position of the clamping antenna along the waveguide over time satisfies the following condition: ； in, Indicates the first A clamping antenna at time displacement, , and They represent the first The amplitude, angular frequency, and initial phase of the one-dimensional simple harmonic motion of the clamped antenna; initial phase It follows a uniform distribution on [0, 2π].

3. The 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the channel parameter matrix of the 6G ubiquitous channel model is represented as follows: ； in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, For path loss, For the shadow to fade, For the blocking effect, Atmospheric absorption and loss, Losses due to weather conditions, For small-scale fading, For waveguide time-varying phase shift, For waveguide loss, It is Hadamard matrix multiplication; Small-scale fading The Middle The clamping antenna and the first Channel impulse response between individual receiving antenna elements This is represented as the superposition of the line-of-sight (LoS) component and the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component: ； in, Rice factor, For time delay, For the line-of-sight (LoS) component, This refers to the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component.

4. The 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the free-space propagation distance between the clamping antenna and the receiving antenna is... The following formula can be used for approximate calculation: ； in, This refers to the fixed distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. For the first A clamping antenna in The instantaneous radial coordinate at time t, and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the waveguide axis, respectively. For the first The radial coordinates of each receiving antenna and The first The elevation and azimuth angles of each receiving antenna.

5. A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, Time-based PASS-assisted channel transmission function Represented as: ； in, For the first The clamping antenna and the first The channel transmission function in the free space portion between the receiving antennas. The number of receiving antennas, The number of clamping antennas; Time-varying phase shift propagating inside the waveguide and waveguide loss They are modeled as follows: The wavenumber propagating inside the waveguide ; waveguide logarithmic loss ; in, Let be the waveguide wavelength within the waveguide, and satisfy . , For free space wavelengths, This is the cutoff wavelength of the waveguide; The location of the waveguide feed point. denoted as the average attenuation factor of the dielectric waveguide, where e is the natural base and j is the imaginary unit.

6. A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the time autocorrelation function for: ； in, express Time-based PASS-assisted channel transmission function, and Let these represent the time autocorrelation functions of the line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components, respectively. For time intervals, Indicates the conjugate operation; Time correlation function of line-of-sight components The closed-form expression is: ； in, This is the array power normalization constant. It is a zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind. For time interval Irrelevant static constant terms The equivalent wavenumbers are defined as follows: ； ； in, For the first The amplitude of the simple harmonic oscillation of the clamped antenna, and , This represents the distance between two adjacent clamped antennas in the initial state. Indicates the carrier frequency. This indicates the frequency at which the antenna operates.

7. A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the time correlation function of the non-line-of-sight component Represented as: ； in, For scattering clusters at time intervals Survival probability within, intermediate variables , Indicates the desired operation.

8. A 6G wireless channel modeling method based on a clamping antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, channel capacity The calculation formula is: ； in, Channel parameter matrix for PASS assistance, for × The identity matrix, Here, represents the signal-to-noise ratio, and det(·) is the determinant operation. This indicates the conjugate transpose operation.

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