Asymmetric two-way communication method and system for power consumption information collection based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallel

Abstract

The application discloses a power consumption information acquisition asymmetric bidirectional communication method and system based on bimodular heterogeneous parallelism, belongs to the field of power system power consumption information acquisition, and comprises a physical communication and link quality management module, a time synchronization and resource scheduling module, a service communication and event processing module, a network management and topology optimization module and a terminal power consumption and sleep control module; the physical communication and link quality management module comprises an HPLC submodule, a wireless submodule and a double-channel parallel transceiver manager. The power consumption information acquisition asymmetric bidirectional communication method and system based on bimodular heterogeneous parallelism are based on the efficient acquisition communication architecture of power line carrier and micro-power wireless double-channel parallel networking, take the precise time synchronization of master-slave nodes as the core, realize high-reliability, high-concurrency and low-latency data acquisition and interaction in a complex transformer area environment through the asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism of active reporting and instant issuing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system electricity consumption information acquisition, specifically a dual-mode heterogeneous parallel asymmetric bidirectional communication method and system for electricity consumption information acquisition. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of smart grid construction, marketing and distribution network businesses have placed higher demands on the real-time performance, concurrent processing capabilities, and communication reliability of electricity consumption information collection. Existing electricity consumption information collection systems generally adopt a three-layer architecture of "master station - concentrator - collection terminal / electricity meter". At the local communication level, the concentrator acts as the master node, responsible for managing and controlling the subordinate slave nodes. In terms of communication mechanism, traditional systems mainly adopt the master station polling mode, that is, the master node sends data request commands to each slave node in sequence according to a predetermined period. After receiving the command, the slave node returns the corresponding data. The master node queries the data of each slave node in the address order. The slave node only reports the data after receiving a clear query instruction. Abnormal events usually need to wait for the master node to query the node before they can be discovered and reported.

[0003] However, existing acquisition schemes based on a single communication medium and traditional polling mechanism have the following technical problems and defects. In the existing single-channel networking scheme, all communication tasks are carried on the same physical medium. When the number of access nodes in the distribution area is large, the data acquisition frequency is high, or multiple types of services need to be processed simultaneously, the bandwidth and processing capacity of a single channel quickly reach saturation, resulting in a decrease in communication success rate and an increase in data latency, affecting the integrity and timeliness of data acquisition. At the same time, the communication quality of HPLC is heavily dependent on the physical condition of the power lines. In old distribution areas, factors such as line aging, joint oxidation, and large load changes lead to unstable line impedance and serious noise interference, significantly increasing the HPLC communication bit error rate and even causing some nodes to be offline for a long time. Although low-power wireless communication is not affected by the quality of power lines, in environments such as dense buildings, basements, and metal shielded cabinets, wireless signal attenuation and obstruction problems also lead to coverage blind spots and communication instability. The single-medium scheme cannot take into account the communication reliability in different environments, and it is difficult to guarantee effective coverage and stable communication of all network nodes in complex distribution areas. In the traditional master-slave polling mode, the updating of slave node data and the reporting of abnormal events depend entirely on the query timing of the master node. Even if a slave node has detected an abnormal event, it must wait for the master node to poll the node before it can report it, resulting in significant communication latency. In high-concurrency communication scenarios, a large number of slave nodes compete for channel resources simultaneously, leading to severe channel collisions and conflicts. The lack of a precise time slot coordination mechanism causes a sharp increase in the number of data packet retransmissions, and some data packets are lost because the maximum number of retransmissions is exceeded, resulting in a decrease in the success rate of data collection and command execution failure, leading to problems with practicality and functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes an asymmetric bidirectional communication method and system for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism, which can effectively solve the problems of lack of quantitative evaluation of channel selection, excessive delay in anomaly reporting, uneven allocation of channel resources, and excessive power consumption of terminals in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A dual-mode heterogeneous parallel asymmetric bidirectional communication system for collecting electricity consumption information includes a physical communication and link quality management module, a time synchronization and resource scheduling module, a business communication and event processing module, a network management and topology optimization module, and a terminal power consumption and sleep control module. The physical communication and link quality management module includes an HPLC submodule, a wireless submodule, and a dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. It is used to simultaneously establish and maintain HPLC power line carrier communication links and low-power wireless communication links between the master node and the slave node. Based on the reported dual-channel real-time monitoring data, it evaluates the link quality of each slave node on the two channels, and decides on the primary and backup channels for each slave node accordingly, and performs rapid switching. The time synchronization and resource scheduling module includes a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and a node priority evaluation submodule. It establishes time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network, and allocates dedicated uplink time slots and downlink listening time slots to each slave node on the HPLC channel and wireless channel respectively. It dynamically adjusts the node distribution on each channel through a dual-channel load balancing mechanism. The business communication and event processing module classifies and prioritizes various abnormal events detected by the nodes, and arbitrates the preemption in the public competition zone. It executes an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of active reporting and real-time command issuance, and performs active data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and real-time command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction. The network management and topology optimization module performs network initialization and node inbound management, identifies offline nodes based on the last communication time of each node and the number of consecutive unreported superframes, and performs topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas. The terminal power consumption and sleep control module includes a sleep scheduling module and a wake-up receiving module. It controls the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes, controls slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots, and wakes them up to work during pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows.

[0006] Furthermore, the physical communication and link quality management module includes the following steps: After the master node and slave node are powered on, the HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule simultaneously perform hardware self-tests, including RF path detection, crystal oscillator frequency calibration, and memory verification. After the self-tests are passed, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The master node is the concentrator, and the slave nodes are each acquisition terminal / energy meter. The dual-channel parallel transceiver manager uses each superframe period as the acquisition window to obtain the real-time physical layer parameters of each slave node on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel, including Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Error Rate (PER), and Channel Storm Coefficient (Storm). After passing the self-test, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The HPLC submodule performs background noise scanning in the 2 to 12 MHz frequency band and selects the available subband with the lowest noise power as the working frequency band. The wireless submodule scans in the 470 to 510 MHz frequency band and selects the idle channel with the least interference as the working channel. After each submodule locks its working parameters, it reports the channel ready status to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. After the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager confirms that both channels are ready, it reports the physical layer ready signal to the upper layer protocol stack. The HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule independently monitor the signals on their respective physical channels. When the HPLC submodule detects the preamble, it synchronously starts the frame reception process, sequentially completing the synchronization header capture, frame start delimiter detection, PHY header parsing, Payload demodulation and FEC decoding, and finally performs CRC verification. Once the verification is successful, the complete data frame containing the MAC header and payload is submitted to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. The manager performs a transmission decision, and if the target address matches, it is stored in the corresponding channel's receive queue and submitted to the upper layer. Each submodule reports the monitoring data to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager in real time. The manager then aggregates the data to form a dual-channel physical layer status report, which is used by the link quality assessment submodule to calculate the LQ score.

[0007] Furthermore, each submodule reports the monitoring data to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager in real time. The manager then aggregates the data to form a dual-channel physical layer status report, which is used by the link quality assessment submodule to calculate the LQ score. This process includes the following steps: The raw parameters acquired in the steps are linearly normalized, and the received signal strength indication is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the signal-to-noise ratio is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the packet error rate and channel storm coefficient are directly used in the calculation with values ​​in the 0~1 interval to calculate the original link quality score. ; The original scores are smoothed using an exponentially weighted moving average filter, and its recursive relationship is as follows: ; in, The filtered scores are then output as HPLC channel scores (LQ). HPLC With wireless channel score LQ RF And allocate primary and backup channels: When LQ is satisfied simultaneously HPLC ≥0.75 and LQ HPLC -LQ RF If the value is ≥0.15, the HPLC channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the HPLC channel is set as the primary channel, while the wireless channel is set as the backup channel. When LQ is satisfied simultaneously RF ≥0.75 and LQ RF -LQ HPLC If the value is ≥0.15, the wireless channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the wireless channel is set as the primary channel, while the HPLC channel is set as the backup channel. when If the two channels are of similar quality, the channel with the higher score will be used as the primary channel, and the channel will be re-evaluated every 200ms during subsequent communication. When LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF If the value is less than 0.40, the slave node is determined to be in a weak coverage area. In this case, the normal primary / backup allocation is not performed, and the topology optimization process is triggered through the network management and topology optimization module. During communication, the master node continuously monitors the real-time link quality of the primary channel of each slave node. When the packet error rate of the primary channel is greater than 15%, the link quality score of the primary channel is less than 0.50, and the difference between the link quality score of the backup channel and the score of the primary channel is greater than 0.20 within three consecutive superframe cycles, channel switching is triggered. In the channel handover process, the master node constructs a handover instruction frame containing the new primary channel identifier and the effective superframe sequence number, and sends it to the target slave node simultaneously through the original primary channel and the backup channel. The slave node completes the channel role switch at the start time of the specified effective superframe and replies with an acknowledgment frame through the first periodic reporting time slot after the switch. After receiving the acknowledgment, the master node notifies all nodes in the network to synchronously update the time slot mapping relationship by incrementing the version number of the time slot allocation table. The entire handover process is completed within 2 superframe cycles.

[0008] Furthermore, the time synchronization and resource scheduling module includes the following steps: Includes a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule, which uses a built-in high-precision clock source with a period T sync =1 second, a time synchronization beacon (Sync Beacon) is simultaneously broadcast to all slave nodes via HPLC and wireless dual channels. The beacon contains a 64-bit millisecond-level absolute timestamp, the current superframe number (SFN), and the time slot allocation table version number (TBL).VER After receiving a SyncBeacon on any channel, the slave node performs beacon validity verification, propagation delay compensation based on half of the round-trip time (RTT), and local progressive clock correction. If the slave node does not receive a valid synchronization beacon for two consecutive superframe cycles, it determines that synchronization has been lost and enters the channel re-search state. Based on the current total number N registered slave nodes in the region slave The number of periodic reports required per slave node per superframe (R), and the number of time slots required for a single data packet transmission (S). pkt Calculate the minimum total number of periodically reported time slots. The number of time slots in the public competition zone is ,in The proportion of the competing area, and the time slot length T s The larger single-packet transmission time in both channels is taken and accumulated with the guard interval; the superframe period is... ; The node priority evaluation submodule calculates the comprehensive business priority weight for each slave node. F type F act F event These represent the business type factor, the historical activity factor based on the reporting frequency of the past 20 superframes, and the event response factor based on the event trigger records of the past 24 hours. The time slot allocation table generation submodule then assigns all slave nodes according to P... bw Arrange N in descending order to form a priority queue. slot_min Each periodic reporting time slot is evenly divided into R segments, and each segment is assigned a time slot number in sequence according to the priority queue. The dual-channel load balancing submodule uses each superframe as a statistical window to calculate the combined load index CL for the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. ; Where Q is the number of data packets to be sent in the current channel queue, Q max C is the maximum queue capacity, and C is the number of channel collisions within the current superframe. max The theoretical maximum number of collisions is given, and PER is the average packet error rate over the past 5 superframes. When the CL index of any channel reaches the preset trigger threshold of 0.75, the load balancing migration process is initiated, based on the current load of the overloaded channel being CL. over The total number of slave nodes on this channel is N. over And the target load, calculate the number of nodes that need to be migrated. The slave node with LQ < 0.70 on the first channel and LQ ≥ 0.60 on the other channel is selected as the migration candidate. The master node issues channel migration instructions to each node to be migrated and completes equalization convergence within 3 superframe periods. After the migration is completed, if the CL index of both channels is lower than 0.675 for 3 consecutive statistical windows, the current equalization parameters are recorded as the optimization benchmark for the current station area.

[0009] Furthermore, the business communication and event processing module includes the following steps: Based on the real-time monitoring of the operating status by the anomaly detection module inside the node, when an abnormal event is detected, the abnormal event is classified and coded in four levels, including P0, P1, P2 and P3, which represent emergency events, important events, general events and warning events, respectively. When multiple slave nodes detect an event in the same public contention zone and attempt to preempt it simultaneously, the public contention zone preemption arbitration submodule handles the situation according to the following arbitration rules, ensuring that the higher-priority event has priority in obtaining channel usage rights: When multiple slave nodes experience event reporting conflicts in the same public competition zone, the event codes Etype are compared, with the smaller code value having higher priority. If multiple P0-level event conflicts exist, the overall business priority weight P is further compared. bw Select the comprehensive business priority weight P bw The one with the higher score takes priority, when P bw If they are the same, compare the node identifier SlaveID, and give priority to the node identifier with the smaller number. For non-P0 level events, calculate the backoff window. W min =8 time slot units, Etype represents the event type encoding value, rand(0,W min ) is from 0 to W min Uniformly distributed random integers between; When both the HPLC and wireless public competition zones have preemption requests at the same time, the master node makes a traffic splitting decision based on the current load status of the two competition zones, by calculating the current queue length Q of each competition zone. hplc and Q rf When Q hplc <Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the HPLC competition region, when Q hplc >Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the wireless contention zone. If Q hplc =Q rfThen, the allocation is based on the primary channel affiliation of the slave node. The primary HPLC node is allocated to the HPLC contention zone, and the primary wireless node is allocated to the wireless contention zone. The preemption request that is diverted to the non-primary channel is reported by the slave node through the backup channel. If the preemption attempt fails after exceeding the maximum number of retries, the event is marked as delayed reporting and forcibly inserted in the next periodic time slot. An asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism is executed through the uplink and downlink communication and task scheduling submodules to enable active data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism executed through the uplink and downlink communication and task scheduling submodule to enable proactive data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction includes the following steps: The uplink direction employs a slave node proactive reporting mechanism. When a slave node arrives at its pre-allocated reporting time slot, it proactively sends the data to be reported to the master node via the primary channel. The slave node then collects data at a rate of T. sample After completing the acquisition and local storage of electrical energy data, the slave node wakes up from its sleep state when the pre-allocated periodic reporting time slot arrives and executes the following transmission process: The slave node encapsulates the data to be reported in APDU format, with a maximum length of 256 bytes. The frame structure includes: slave node identifier (SlaveID), frame sequence number (SeqNo), data acquisition time timestamp, data type identifier, data payload, and CRC checksum. The slave node sends the data frame to the master node through the master channel. After successfully receiving the data frame, the master node replies with an ACK confirmation frame within 200ms. If the slave node does not receive an ACK within 200ms, it will retransmit in the next available time slot. When the retransmission reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and all retransmissions fail, the slave node marks the data as pending delayed reporting and tries again in the next periodic time slot. At the same time, the physical communication and link quality management module triggers a re-evaluation of the LQ of the master channel. When the slave node detects an abnormal event, it performs preemptive reporting according to a hierarchical strategy. The downlink direction employs an immediate delivery mechanism. The master node prioritizes tasks and executes the delivery process accordingly. The priorities include DP0 (urgent control), DP1 (parameter update), and DP2 (query and recall). Upon receiving a downlink task, the master node selects the channel with the highest current LQ score of the target slave node as the delivery channel and sends an immediate command frame at the next time slot boundary. The frame contains the target SlaveID, command type encoding, command parameters, command sequence number CmdSeq, and timeout T. cmd CRC check: After the slave node detects a command sent to it in the downlink listening time slot, it is immediately woken up to execute it, and the execution result is returned to the master node through the next available uplink time slot.

[0011] Furthermore, the network management and topology optimization module includes the following steps: After the master node is powered on, it operates at a period T. beacon =500ms =The network beacon is broadcast synchronously via HPLC and wireless dual-channel broadcast. The beacon contains the master node identifier MasterID, network version number and dual-channel working parameters. After powering on, the slave node enters a dual-channel listening state. After receiving three valid network beacons on any channel, it selects a channel with an RSSI of not less than -85dBm to send a network entry request frame. The frame contains the slave node's 64-bit hardware identifier DeviceID, protocol version number, and dual-channel capability declaration. The master node replies with a network entry confirmation frame in the next beacon cycle after receiving the network entry request, allocates a 16-bit logical address to the slave node, calls the LQ scoring algorithm to complete the primary and backup channel decision, and encapsulates the decision result and initial time slot allocation information in the network entry confirmation frame and sends it down. After receiving it, the slave node completes the network entry and enters the synchronization state. When the master node maintains the slave node status table, it records the last communication time and the number of consecutive unreported superframes for each node. If a slave node fails to report any data or respond for three consecutive superframe cycles, it is determined to be offline and the following processing is performed: Reactivation commands are sent through dual channels, with each command sent three times at one superframe interval. If there is no response, the neighboring nodes around the target node are queried and relay probe requests are sent through the neighboring nodes to confirm whether the target node is in a communication blind zone. If all the above attempts fail, the node is marked as offline, its occupied time slot resources are reclaimed, and an alarm is reported to the main data collection station. Perform topology optimization on nodes in weak coverage areas, including relay node candidate selection, relay path evaluation, and relay configuration distribution.

[0012] Furthermore, the topology optimization performed on nodes in weak coverage areas includes relay node candidate selection, relay path evaluation, and relay configuration distribution, comprising the following steps: When the physical communication and link quality management module determines that the slave node is in LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF For weak coverage areas with a value <0.40, perform topology optimization on the weak coverage area: Select slave nodes with an LQ score ≥ 0.75 from the physical neighborhood of the current slave node as relay candidate nodes to complete the relay candidate selection. The master node sends a probe command to the candidate relay node, requesting it to forward the probe frame to the weak coverage target node. Measure the forwarding success rate and round-trip delay, and select the path with the highest success rate and the lowest delay as the relay path to complete the relay path evaluation. The master node simultaneously sends relay configuration commands to the weak coverage node and the relay node, switching the communication mode of the weak coverage node to relay mode. Its data is forwarded to the master node through the relay node. The relay node undertakes the forwarding task in its own time slot allocation. The forwarding time slot is additionally allocated by the master node in the time slot allocation table, thus completing the relay configuration distribution.

[0013] Furthermore, the terminal power consumption and sleep control module includes the following steps: It includes a sleep scheduling module and a wake-up receiving module. The sleep scheduling module is located inside the slave node. It maintains a wake-up time list based on the local cached time slot allocation table. The list includes the start time of the R periodic reporting time slots allocated to this node in each superframe and the start time of the downlink listening time slots allocated to this node in each superframe. During non-wake-up periods, the slave node enters a deep sleep state. The wake-up receiving module is periodically powered on with low power consumption, and the power-on period is aligned with the superframe time slot. It detects the preamble signal on the channel. When a signal destined for this node is detected by matching the short identifier of the target address in the preamble, the wake-up receiving module triggers the main receiver circuit to power on and enters a complete data reception state. If no valid signal is detected, it immediately returns to the sleep state.

[0014] The asymmetric bidirectional communication method for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism includes the following steps: S1. Through the HPLC submodule, wireless submodule and dual-channel parallel transceiver manager, the HPLC power line carrier communication link and the low-power wireless communication link are established and maintained simultaneously between the master node and the slave node. Based on the reported dual-channel real-time monitoring data, the link quality of each slave node on the two channels is evaluated, and the primary channel and backup channel of each slave node are decided accordingly, and a fast switch is performed. S2. Establish time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network through the time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and the node priority evaluation submodule. At the same time, allocate dedicated uplink time slots and downlink listening time slots for each slave node on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. Dynamically adjust the node distribution on each channel through the dual-channel load balancing mechanism. S3. For various abnormal events detected by the nodes, classify and grade the abnormal events, encode their priorities, and arbitrate the preemption in the public competition area. Execute an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of active reporting and real-time command issuance, and carry out active data reporting by the slave nodes in the uplink direction and real-time command issuance by the master nodes in the downlink direction. S4. Perform network initialization and slave node network access management. Identify offline nodes based on the last communication time and consecutive non-reported superframe count of each node. Perform topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas. Simultaneously, control the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes through the sleep scheduling module and wake-up receiving module. Control the slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots and wake them up during pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In this invention, a four-dimensional link quality quantification scoring algorithm is used to integrate RSSI, SNR, PER and storm coefficient to achieve objective and automated evaluation of dual-channel quality, improve the optimal channel selection rate of the system during use, and achieve zero-perception lossless switching at the service level in the case of channel degradation scenarios such as power line impedance mutation. In this invention, by using a four-level event classification coding and a public contention zone preemption arbitration algorithm, slave nodes can autonomously initiate proactive reporting based on priority when they detect abnormal events of different levels. Especially for emergency events such as power outages and equipment failures, they can preempt channel resources to quickly complete the reporting alarm, enabling the master station system to perceive the abnormality on site as soon as possible and then initiate fault isolation, rapid power restoration and other handling processes. Compared with the traditional polling mode, this significantly reduces the reporting latency of various events. In this invention, the superframe time slot dynamic allocation algorithm based on service priority and the dual-channel load balancing mechanism based on CL index ensure that services of different priorities can obtain corresponding communication resource guarantees, avoid channel saturation caused by an increase in the number of nodes or an increase in the collection frequency, and automatically migrate some nodes from the overloaded channel to the light-loaded channel according to the real-time changes in service traffic, so as to realize the efficient collaborative utilization of dual-channel resources and improve the channel resource utilization rate. In this invention, an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of active reporting and immediate delivery is used to separate and divert uplink periodic acquisition services and downlink real-time control services in terms of time resources and physical channels, ensuring the orderly reporting of a large amount of uplink data and enabling emergency control commands to obtain channel resources for immediate response in the downlink direction. In this invention, a time-slotted communication architecture enables slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots. Only during the allocated periodic reporting time slots, slave nodes retain only a very low-power wake-up timing module during non-working time slots, and only briefly wake up to work during dedicated communication time slots. The majority of the time, slave nodes are in a deep sleep state, which improves battery life. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the asymmetric bidirectional communication system for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism, according to the present invention. Figure 2This is a flowchart of the asymmetric bidirectional communication method for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the physical communication and link quality management module of the dual-mode heterogeneous parallel power consumption information acquisition asymmetric bidirectional communication system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the asymmetric bidirectional communication system for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism includes a physical communication and link quality management module, a time synchronization and resource scheduling module, a service communication and event processing module, a network management and topology optimization module, and a terminal power consumption and sleep control module. like Figure 3 As shown, the physical communication and link quality management module includes an HPLC submodule, a wireless submodule, and a dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. It is used to simultaneously establish and maintain HPLC power line carrier communication links and low-power wireless communication links between the master node and slave nodes. Based on the reported real-time monitoring data of the dual channels, it evaluates the link quality of each slave node on both channels, determines the primary and backup channels for each slave node accordingly, and performs rapid switching, including the following steps: After the master node and slave node are powered on, the HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule simultaneously perform hardware self-tests, including RF path detection, crystal oscillator frequency calibration, and memory verification. After the self-tests are passed, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The master node is the concentrator, and the slave nodes are each acquisition terminal / energy meter. The dual-channel parallel transceiver manager uses each superframe period as the acquisition window to obtain the real-time physical layer parameters of each slave node on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel, including Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Error Rate (PER), and Channel Storm Coefficient (Storm). It should be noted that the HPLC communication submodule operates in the frequency band of 2MHz to 12MHz and adopts OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation technology to transmit data through existing power lines. This submodule includes a coupling circuit, an analog front end, a baseband processor, and a MAC layer controller. The coupling circuit is responsible for the isolation and coupling of high-frequency signals and power frequency signals. The analog front end is used to amplify, filter, and perform A / D / A conversion of the signals. The baseband processor is responsible for performing OFDM modulation and demodulation and FEC forward error correction coding. The MAC layer controller is used to manage the media access control of the HPLC channel. The low-power wireless communication submodule operates in the 470MHz to 510MHz unlicensed frequency band and uses frequency hopping or direct sequence spread spectrum technology to transmit data over the air through an RF antenna. It consists of an RF front-end containing a PA power amplifier and an LNA low-noise amplifier, a baseband chip, and a MAC layer controller. The RF front-end has a transmit power of 10mW to 50mW, the baseband chip is responsible for performing spread spectrum / despreading and forward error correction coding, and the MAC layer controller manages the CSMA / CA access of the wireless channel. The dual-channel parallel transceiver manager is responsible for coordinating the parallel operation of the two physical channels, HPLC and wireless, to ensure that the two modules can transmit and receive data independently at the same time without interfering with each other. When data arrives at both channels at the same time, priority is determined, and the transmission request from the upper layer is assigned to the designated channel or the optimal channel is automatically selected. After passing the self-test, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The HPLC submodule performs background noise scanning in the 2 to 12 MHz frequency band and selects the available subband with the lowest noise power as the working frequency band. The wireless submodule scans in the 470 to 510 MHz frequency band and selects the idle channel with the least interference as the working channel. After each submodule locks its working parameters, it reports the channel ready status to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. After the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager confirms that both channels are ready, it reports the physical layer ready signal to the upper layer protocol stack. The HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule independently monitor the signals on their respective physical channels. When the HPLC submodule detects the preamble, it synchronously starts the frame reception process, sequentially completing the synchronization header capture, frame start delimiter detection, PHY header parsing, Payload demodulation and FEC decoding, and finally performs CRC verification. Once the verification is successful, the complete data frame containing the MAC header and payload is submitted to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. The manager performs a transmission decision, and if the target address matches, it is stored in the corresponding channel's receive queue and submitted to the upper layer. It should be noted that the receiving process of the wireless submodule is similar, differing only in the physical layer modulation and demodulation method. After frame synchronization and acquisition, demodulation, decoding, verification, and delivery are also completed. The receiving processes of the two submodules are completely independent and parallel in time, without blocking each other. When the upper-layer protocol stack has data to send, it delivers the data frame to be sent, containing the target address, channel preference indication, and priority, to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. The manager makes a transmission decision based on the channel preference specified by the upper layer, including forced HPLC, forced wireless, automatic selection, and the current channel state. In automatic selection mode, the channel with the higher LQ score and shorter transmission queue is selected for transmission. If the specified channel is unavailable, it will automatically switch to another channel. After selecting the transmission channel, the manager sends the data frame to the transmission queue of the corresponding submodule. The submodule sequentially performs FEC encoding, modulation mapping, framing, digital-to-analog conversion, and RF / line output. After transmission, the submodule waits for the MAC layer ACK confirmation frame from the receiver. If no ACK is received within 200ms, it will automatically initiate up to 3 retransmissions. The packet error rate (PER) is based on the statistics of the most recent 100 data packets. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is in dBm and ranges from -100dBm to 0dBm. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is in dB and ranges from 0dB to 40dB. The packet error rate (PER) is based on the statistics of the most recent 100 data packets and ranges from 0 to 1. The channel storm coefficient (Storm) is calculated by statistically analyzing the number of collisions and abnormal frame density on the channel in the past second and ranges from 0 to 1.

[0018] Each submodule reports the monitoring data to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager in real time. The manager then aggregates the data to form a dual-channel physical layer status report, which is used by the link quality assessment submodule to calculate the LQ score. The specific steps include: The raw parameters acquired in the steps are linearly normalized, and the received signal strength indication is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the signal-to-noise ratio is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the packet error rate and channel storm coefficient are directly used in the calculation with values ​​in the 0~1 interval to calculate the original link quality score. ; The original scores are smoothed using an exponentially weighted moving average filter, and its recursive relationship is as follows: ; in, The filtered scores are then output as HPLC channel scores (LQ). HPLC With wireless channel score LQ RF And allocate primary and backup channels: When LQ is satisfied simultaneously HPLC ≥0.75 and LQ HPLC -LQRF If the value is ≥0.15, the HPLC channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the HPLC channel is set as the primary channel, while the wireless channel is set as the backup channel. When LQ is satisfied simultaneously RF ≥0.75 and LQ RF -LQ HPLC If the value is ≥0.15, the wireless channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the wireless channel is set as the primary channel, while the HPLC channel is set as the backup channel. when If the two channels are of similar quality, the channel with the higher score will be used as the primary channel, and the channel will be re-evaluated every 200ms during subsequent communication. When LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF If the value is less than 0.40, the slave node is determined to be in a weak coverage area. In this case, the normal primary / backup allocation is not performed, and the topology optimization process is triggered through the network management and topology optimization module. It should be noted that the original parameter acquisition period is aligned with the superframe period. The data is acquired and the cache is updated once every superframe period. The cache retains historical data of the most recent K superframes for trend analysis and handover trigger judgment. K is preferably set to 5 to balance data volume and storage volume. The exponentially weighted moving average filter weights are 0.3 and 0.7 to achieve a balance between timely tracking of real channel changes and suppressing misjudgments caused by transient noise. The filtered LQ value is used for subsequent primary and backup channel decisions and handover judgment. Topology optimization includes forwarding communication through relay nodes, suggesting adjustments to the installation position or antenna orientation of slave nodes, and notifying the master node to increase the transmit power to that node.

[0019] During communication, the master node continuously monitors the real-time link quality of the primary channel of each slave node. When the packet error rate of the primary channel is greater than 15%, the link quality score of the primary channel is less than 0.50, and the difference between the link quality score of the backup channel and the score of the primary channel is greater than 0.20 within three consecutive superframe cycles, channel switching is triggered. In the channel handover process, the master node constructs a handover instruction frame containing the new primary channel identifier and the effective superframe sequence number, and sends it to the target slave node simultaneously through the original primary channel and the backup channel. The slave node completes the channel role switch at the start time of the specified effective superframe and replies with an acknowledgment frame through the first periodic reporting time slot after the switch. After receiving the acknowledgment, the master node notifies all nodes in the network to synchronously update the time slot mapping relationship by incrementing the version number of the time slot allocation table. The entire handover process is completed within 2 superframe cycles.

[0020] It should be noted that the specific channel switching process is as follows: after the master node detects the above triggering conditions, it submits a switching request to the switching arbitrator inside the channel management module. The arbitrator checks whether the target slave node is currently executing a high-priority task. If so, it waits for the task to be completed before performing the switching. After arbitration is successful, the master node constructs a channel switching instruction frame. The instruction includes the new primary channel identifier, the sequence number of the superframe in which the switching takes effect, and the switching reason code, where 0 = HPLC, 1 = RF, and the superframe sequence number is set to the current superframe sequence number + 3, reserving a synchronization buffer period of 2 superframes. The switching reason code includes, for example, the primary channel PER exceeding the limit or the primary channel LQ decreasing. This instruction is sent simultaneously through the original primary channel and the backup channel to ensure that the slave node can reliably receive it on at least one channel. After receiving the switching instruction, the slave node completes the local channel role switch at the start time of the specified effective superframe, that is, sets the new primary channel as the default transmission channel and demotes the original primary channel to backup. In the first periodic reporting time slot after the switch, the slave node replies to the master node with a switching confirmation frame, including the new primary channel identifier and the switching success identifier. After receiving the confirmation frame, the master node updates the slave node's time slot allocation table, maps subsequent communication time slots to the new primary channel, and notifies all nodes in the network to update synchronously by incrementing the version number of the time slot allocation table. The entire switching process, from triggering to completion, is controlled within 2 superframe cycles to ensure service continuity.

[0021] The time synchronization and resource scheduling module, including a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and a node priority evaluation submodule, establishes time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network. Simultaneously, it allocates dedicated uplink and downlink listening time slots to each slave node on both the HPLC and wireless channels. A dual-channel load balancing mechanism dynamically adjusts the node distribution across each channel, including the following steps: Includes a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule, which uses a built-in high-precision clock source with a period T sync =1 second, a time synchronization beacon (Sync Beacon) is simultaneously broadcast to all slave nodes via HPLC and wireless dual channels. The beacon contains a 64-bit millisecond-level absolute timestamp, the current superframe number (SFN), and the time slot allocation table version number (TBL). VER After receiving a SyncBeacon on any channel, the slave node performs beacon validity verification, propagation delay compensation based on half of the round-trip time (RTT), and local progressive clock correction. If the slave node does not receive a valid synchronization beacon for two consecutive superframe cycles, it determines that synchronization has been lost and enters the channel re-search state. It should be noted that the clock source has two configurations: the standard configuration is a temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) with a frequency stability better than ±1ppm and a cumulative clock error of no more than 86.4ms over 24 hours without external time synchronization; the enhanced configuration is a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode satellite time receiver, which provides an absolute time reference for UTC synchronization with a time synchronization accuracy better than ±50ns. The master node prioritizes GPS / BeiDou time synchronization and automatically switches to TCXO timekeeping mode when satellite signals are unavailable. The slave node is not configured with a high-precision clock source; its local clock is a common crystal oscillator with a typical frequency stability of ±10ppm to ±25ppm, and it relies entirely on the master node's synchronization beacon for periodic calibration. The synchronization beacon is transmitted simultaneously via both HPLC and wireless channels, using a minimum frame format of approximately 20 bytes to reduce channel occupancy. Its frame structure includes the following fields: The master node identifier (16 bits) is used by slave nodes to verify the legitimacy of the synchronization beacon source. It consists of a 64-bit absolute timestamp based on the current UTC time or relative system time of the master node's clock source, a 16-bit cyclic counter for the current superframe sequence number (accumulated from network startup until it overflows and then resets to zero), a timeslot allocation table version number (incremented each time the timeslot allocation table is updated, used by slave nodes to determine whether their locally cached timeslot table needs updating), and a next superframe parameter preview (the preview field contains information such as the total number of timeslots and the superframe period for the next superframe). Slave nodes can perform time calibration as soon as they receive the Sync Beacon on any channel without waiting for a specific channel, thus improving the success rate of synchronization beacon reception.

[0022] The clock calibration submodule inside the node continuously listens for the synchronization beacon. When a valid Sync Beacon is received on any channel, the following calibration procedure is performed: The node checks whether the master node identifier in the Sync Beacon is consistent with the master node ID registered by this node, and checks whether the timestamp is greater than the local current time. After both verifications pass, proceed to the next step. Considering the physical propagation delay from the master node to the slave node, specifically the propagation delay of the signal on the power line (approximately 5 μs / km) in the HPLC channel and the electromagnetic wave propagation delay (approximately 3.3 μs / km) in the wireless channel, the slave node compensates for this delay by half of the pre-measured round-trip time (RTT) between the master and slave. The RTT is measured periodically by sending probe frames and receiving responses, with a measurement cycle of once per minute. The slave node adjusts its local clock to the calibrated target time value using a gradual speed adjustment method, finely adjusting the clock frequency division factor to smoothly approach the target time over several synchronization cycles. This avoids clock jumps causing timing task errors. The slave node records the moment of successful synchronization and the calibration deviation value, updates the synchronization status to "synchronized," and resets the synchronization loss counter. If no valid Sync Beacon is received within two consecutive superframe cycles (approximately 2 × T), the slave node will be considered to have lost synchronization. f Time, T f The preferred value is 15 minutes, and the typical value for two superframe cycles is 30 minutes. If the node determines that synchronization has been lost, it will switch to the channel re-search state and try to capture the synchronization beacon again.

[0023] Based on the current total number N registered slave nodes in the region slave The number of periodic reports required per slave node per superframe (R), and the number of time slots required for a single data packet transmission (S). pkt Calculate the minimum total number of periodically reported time slots. The number of time slots in the public competition zone is ,in The proportion of the competing area, and the time slot length T s The larger single-packet transmission time in both channels is taken and accumulated with the guard interval; the superframe period is... ; It should be noted that T is calculated f Then round it up to the nearest multiple of the minute, such as 15min, 30min, or 60min, to align it with the scheduling cycle of the main data acquisition station. The default value for the contention zone percentage is 0.12, which can be dynamically adjusted based on the historical contention failure rate. Specifically, if the failure rate exceeds 10% for three consecutive superframes, [the value will be adjusted accordingly]. Increase by 0.02, up to a maximum of 0.18, and maintain a failure rate below 2%. Reduce by 0.01, down to a minimum of 0.08. R represents the number of periodic reports required by each slave node within each superframe, which needs to be configured according to the service type, such as once per superframe for daily frozen data, and 2-4 times per superframe for curve data, etc. S pkt The number of time slots required to transmit a single data packet is calculated based on the maximum packet length and the minimum channel rate, with a typical value of S. pkt =1, if the data packet length exceeds the single time slot carrying capacity then Spkt >1, where the protection interval is used to absorb clock synchronization errors and transmit / receive conversion time, and the value is 2ms. After each superframe parameter change, the master node notifies all slave nodes one superframe cycle in advance through the next superframe parameter preview field in Sync Beacon. The new parameters take effect uniformly at the start of the next superframe, ensuring that all nodes in the network switch to the new superframe structure synchronously.

[0024] The node priority evaluation submodule calculates the comprehensive business priority weight for each slave node. F type F act F event These represent the business type factor, the historical activity factor based on the reporting frequency of the past 20 superframes, and the event response factor based on the event trigger records of the past 24 hours. The time slot allocation table generation submodule then assigns all slave nodes according to P... bw Arrange N in descending order to form a priority queue. slot_min Each periodic reporting time slot is evenly divided into R segments, and each segment is assigned a time slot number in sequence according to the priority queue. It should be noted that the business type factor F type Based on the business attributes of the nodes, a value of 5 is assigned to dedicated transformer terminals such as important industrial and commercial users, a value of 3-4 is assigned to industrial and commercial electricity meters, a value of 2 is assigned to residential electricity meters, and a value of 1 is assigned to pure monitoring nodes. The historical communication activity factor F is also used. act The event response recording factor F is calculated based on the actual data reporting frequency of the node over the past 20 superframes. Higher reporting frequencies result in larger values, ranging from 1 to 5. event Based on the event levels triggered by the node in the past 24 hours, a value of 5 is assigned to a P0 level event, a value of 4 is assigned to a P1 level event, a value of 2 is assigned to a P2 / P3 level event only, and a value of 1 is assigned to no event. During the time slot allocation process, all registered slave nodes are ranked according to their priority weight P. bw Arrange in descending order to form a priority queue. For P bw For identical nodes, sort them in ascending order by node identifier (SlaveID). Divide the periodic reporting slots in the superframe into R segments based on the number of reporting times (R). Each segment contains N segments. slave Each slave node receives one reporting time slot per segment, arranged in consecutive time slots. For each segment, time slot numbers within that segment are assigned to slave nodes sequentially according to the priority queue. The interval between two consecutive time slot assignments to the same slave node remains evenly distributed, and the interval between segments is fixed. To avoid excessively concentrated data reporting from the same node in time, slave node groups located on different power phase lines or with signal attenuation ≥30dB are allowed to be assigned the same time slot number to achieve spatial multiplexing of time slots. The time slot allocation table marks the multiplexing node with "multiplexing identifier=1". The master node continuously monitors the actual collision rate of the multiplexed time slots during operation. If the collision rate of a time slot exceeds 5% for 5 consecutive superframes, the multiplexing mark of the time slot is automatically canceled, and an independent time slot is reassigned to the conflicting node. In each superframe, one downlink listening time slot is allocated to each slave node to receive immediate commands issued by the master node. The location of the downlink listening time slots is distributed throughout the entire superframe period to avoid all nodes listening at the same time, which would cause instantaneous load peaks. The above allocation results are encapsulated into a time slot allocation table containing version number, allocation timestamp, uplink time slot list, downlink listening time slot list, multiplexing identifier, etc. for each slave node. This table is broadcast to the entire network via Sync Beacon along with the synchronization beacon. At the same time, the time slot allocation table is cached locally on the master node for fast querying.

[0025] The dual-channel load balancing submodule uses each superframe as a statistical window to calculate the combined load index CL for the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. ; Where Q is the number of data packets to be sent in the current channel queue, Q max C is the maximum queue capacity, and C is the number of channel collisions within the current superframe. max The theoretical maximum number of collisions is given, and PER is the average packet error rate over the past 5 superframes. When the CL index of any channel reaches the preset trigger threshold of 0.75, the load balancing migration process is initiated, based on the current load of the overloaded channel being CL. over The total number of slave nodes on this channel is N. over And the target load, calculate the number of nodes that need to be migrated. The slave node with LQ < 0.70 on the first channel and LQ ≥ 0.60 on the other channel is selected as the migration candidate. The master node issues channel migration instructions to each node to be migrated and completes equalization convergence within 3 superframe periods. After the migration is completed, if the CL index of both channels is lower than 0.675 for 3 consecutive statistical windows, the current equalization parameters are recorded as the optimization benchmark for the current station area.

[0026] It should be noted that CL targetThe preferred setting is 0.65, which is the preset trigger threshold -0.10. When selecting the set of nodes to be migrated, candidate nodes for migration are selected from the overloaded channels with CL > 0.75. Priority is given to migrating slave nodes whose LQ score is below 0.70 on the overloaded channel and whose LQ score on another channel is not lower than 0.60. If the balance target is still not met after migrating these nodes, the selection criteria are relaxed to slave nodes whose LQ score difference between the two channels is ≥ 0.10. The master node sends a channel switching command to each slave node to be migrated. The command includes the target channel identifier and the superframe number in which the migration takes effect, set to the current superframe + 3, with a synchronization buffer period of 2 superframes reserved. When the node takes effect, it switches the primary channel to the target channel and completes time slot resynchronization through the new channel in the first superframe after the switch. After the migration is completed, the primary node recalculates the CL values ​​of the two channels in the next statistical window. If the CL of the original overloaded channel still exceeds 0.75, the load balancing process is repeated. If the CL of the original overloaded channel drops below 0.65 and the CL of the other channel does not exceed 0.75, the load balancing is considered successful. If the CL of the two channels is below 0.75 × 0.90 = 0.675 in three consecutive statistical windows, the parameters of each channel after this load balancing are recorded as the load balancing optimization benchmark for this area. When a node in a distribution area changes, such as a new node joining the network, a node going offline, or a node being deleted, or when the service type is adjusted, such as a change in the reporting frequency R of a slave node, an incremental update of the time slot allocation table is performed. If a node status change or service parameter change event is detected, time slots are only reallocated to the affected slave nodes. The newly joined node is inserted into the corresponding position in the priority queue, and subsequent nodes are sequentially postponed. The time slots of offline nodes are reclaimed, and subsequent nodes are sequentially moved forward. This ensures that the local reordering only affects a small portion of the time slot allocation near the changed node and does not affect the global structure. The version number is incremented by 1, and at the start of the next superframe, the updated time slot allocation table is broadcast to the entire network via Sync Beacon. At the same time, the time slot reallocation of all nodes is completed within 3 superframe cycles. The communication of existing nodes is not affected during the network joining process.

[0027] Example 2: The business communication and event handling module classifies, prioritizes, and arbitrates various abnormal events detected by the nodes, as well as preemption in public competition zones. It executes an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism for proactive reporting and immediate command delivery, enabling proactive data reporting from slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command delivery from master nodes in the downlink direction. This includes the following steps: Based on the real-time monitoring of the operating status by the anomaly detection module inside the node, when an abnormal event is detected, the abnormal event is classified and coded in four levels, including P0, P1, P2 and P3, which represent emergency events, important events, general events and warning events, respectively. It should be noted that the abnormal events detected from the nodes will be divided into four levels according to their severity, among which: P0 level emergency event code Etype=0b00, response time requirement less than 500ms, including power outage events caused by external power supply interruption, overcurrent protection triggering when current exceeds 120% of rated value, short circuit fault detection, and remote trip execution confirmation. Its preemption strategy is to immediately interrupt the current non-emergency transmission and force the report to be inserted in the next available time slot without waiting for the pre-allocated time slot of this node. The available time slots include the periodic time slots already allocated to other nodes. P1 level critical events are coded as Etype=0b01, with a response time requirement of less than 2 seconds. These include suspected electricity theft detection such as opening cover records and current / voltage phase anomalies, voltage exceeding limits for more than 5 minutes when the voltage is below 198V or above 242V, and power factor anomalies that are below 0.5 for more than 1 minute. The preemption strategy is to preempt in the public competition area with an access probability of 0.8. If the preemption fails in two consecutive competition areas, it will be reported first in the next periodic time slot. P2 level general event code Etype=0b10, response time requirement is less than 10s, including communication module self-test abnormalities such as RF path failure, crystal oscillator loss, local clock deviation exceeding 5ms threshold, and memory capacity greater than 85% alarm. Its preemption strategy is to compete in the public competition area with an access probability of 0.5, without preempting the allocated time slots of other nodes, and only using the idle resources in the competition area. The P3 level prompt event code is Etype=0b11, with a response time requirement of less than 1 minute. It includes software version update prompts, parameter change log records, and routine status self-check reports. Its preemption strategy is to only report via routine periodic reporting slots and not enter the public competition zone.

[0028] When multiple slave nodes detect an event in the same public contention zone and attempt to preempt it simultaneously, the public contention zone preemption arbitration submodule handles the situation according to the following arbitration rules, ensuring that the higher-priority event has priority in obtaining channel usage rights: When multiple slave nodes experience event reporting conflicts in the same public competition zone, the event codes Etype are compared, with the smaller code value having higher priority. If multiple P0-level event conflicts exist, the overall business priority weight P is further compared. bw Select the comprehensive business priority weight P bw The one with the higher score takes priority, when P bw If they are the same, compare the node identifier SlaveID, and give priority to the node identifier with the smaller number. For non-P0 level events, calculate the backoff window. W min =8 time slot units, Etype represents the event type encoding value, rand(0,W min ) is from 0 to Wmin Uniformly distributed random integers between; It should be noted that this formula ensures that the backoff time of low-priority events increases exponentially, effectively reducing the probability of collision with high-priority events. Thus, the backoff window for P1 level events is determined to be 16 + rand(0,8) time slot units, the backoff window for P2 level events is 32 + rand(0,8) time slot units, and P3 level events do not enter the contention zone.

[0029] When both the HPLC and wireless public competition zones have preemption requests at the same time, the master node makes a traffic splitting decision based on the current load status of the two competition zones, by calculating the current queue length Q of each competition zone. hplc and Q rf When Q hplc <Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the HPLC competition region, when Q hplc >Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the wireless contention zone. If Q hplc =Q rf Then, the allocation is based on the primary channel affiliation of the slave node. The primary HPLC node is allocated to the HPLC contention zone, and the primary wireless node is allocated to the wireless contention zone. The preemption request that is diverted to the non-primary channel is reported by the slave node through the backup channel. If the preemption attempt fails after exceeding the maximum number of retries, the event is marked as delayed reporting and forcibly inserted in the next periodic time slot. It should be noted that if a node's attempts to preempt in the public competition zone exceed the maximum number of retries N, retry If the report fails three times, it is marked as a "delayed report," and a report is forcibly inserted into the next allocated periodic time slot. The report frame carries a "delay reason = contention failure" flag. After receiving a report frame with this flag, the master node calculates the contention failure rate. If the failure rate exceeds 10% for three consecutive superframes, N is dynamically increased. slot_contend The increment is 10% of the current number of time slots in the competing region, with a maximum not exceeding 18% of the total number of time slots; After receiving the event reporting frame from the slave node, the master node executes a differentiated response strategy according to the event type encoding Etype. For P0 level master nodes, an acknowledgment or control command is issued within 100ms, such as confirming a power outage event and initiating a fault location process, or confirming a successful trip and reporting to the master station. For P1 level master nodes, an acknowledgment or alarm notification is issued within 1 second. For P2 level master nodes, logs are recorded and device status is updated, and local processing is completed within 1 minute without immediate response. For P3 level master nodes, only logs are recorded without sending an acknowledgment command.

[0030] An asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism is executed through the uplink and downlink communication and task scheduling submodules to enable proactive data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction. This includes the following steps: The uplink direction employs a slave node proactive reporting mechanism. When a slave node arrives at its pre-allocated reporting time slot, it proactively sends the data to be reported to the master node via the primary channel. The slave node then collects data at a rate of T. sample After completing the acquisition and local storage of electrical energy data, the slave node wakes up from its sleep state when the pre-allocated periodic reporting time slot arrives and executes the following transmission process: The slave node encapsulates the data to be reported in APDU format, with a maximum length of 256 bytes. The frame structure includes: slave node identifier (SlaveID), frame sequence number (SeqNo), data acquisition time timestamp, data type identifier, data payload, and CRC checksum. The slave node sends the data frame to the master node through the master channel. After successfully receiving the data frame, the master node replies with an ACK confirmation frame within 200ms. If the slave node does not receive an ACK within 200ms, it will retransmit in the next available time slot. When the retransmission reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and all retransmissions fail, the slave node marks the data as pending delayed reporting and tries again in the next periodic time slot. At the same time, the physical communication and link quality management module triggers a re-evaluation of the LQ of the master channel. When the slave node detects an abnormal event, it performs preemptive reporting according to a hierarchical strategy. It should be noted that the maximum number of retransmissions N retry_date =3, the node identifier SlaveID is 16 bits, the frame sequence number SeqNo is 8 bits, and it increments by 1 for each frame sent. It is used by the master node to detect packet loss. The timestamp of the collection time is 32 bits. The data type identifier includes daily freeze, curve data, event data, etc. The ACK confirmation frame contains a list of successfully received SeqNos and supports batch confirmation. The next available time slot is the subsequent idle time slot in the same superframe or the pre-allocated time slot in the next superframe.

[0031] The downlink direction employs an immediate delivery mechanism. The master node prioritizes tasks and executes the delivery process accordingly. The priorities include DP0 (urgent control), DP1 (parameter update), and DP2 (query and recall). Upon receiving a downlink task, the master node selects the channel with the highest current LQ score of the target slave node as the delivery channel and sends an immediate command frame at the next time slot boundary. The frame contains the target SlaveID, command type encoding, command parameters, command sequence number CmdSeq, and timeout T. cmd CRC check: After the slave node detects a command sent to it in the downlink listening time slot, it is immediately woken up to execute it, and the execution result is returned to the master node through the next available uplink time slot.

[0032] It should be noted that the response time requirement for DP0-level emergency control is <50ms, applicable to remote tripping and load shedding; the response time requirement for DP1-level parameter update is <200ms, applicable to electricity meter and time slot configuration distribution; and the response time requirement for DP2-level query and recall is <500ms, applicable to real-time data reading. After receiving a real-time task from the acquisition master station or local logic trigger, the master node immediately queries the primary and backup channel status of the target slave node and selects the channel with the highest current LQ score as the distribution channel. If the current CL index of this channel exceeds 0.75, the backup channel is used for distribution. The master node sends an immediate command frame at the maximum waiting time slot boundary of the next time slot. The command frame structure includes the target SlaveID, command type code, command parameters, command sequence number CmdSeq, and timeout T. cmd CRC checksum, where CmdSeq is 16 bits, used for deduplication and acknowledgment matching from slave nodes, T cmd The maximum allowed time for slave nodes to execute commands is 50ms / 200ms / 300ms for DP0 / DP1 / DP2 respectively. Slave nodes periodically wake up the receiving channel during downlink listening time slots. When an immediate command sent to the node is detected, the SlaveID and CmdSeq are matched for deduplication, and the command execution process is immediately activated: For DP0 level commands, execution is completed and a response frame is constructed within 50ms; for DP1 level commands, execution is completed and a response is constructed within 200ms; for DP2 level commands, local data query is completed and the result is encapsulated within 300ms. The slave node returns the execution result, including CmdSeq to match the corresponding command, execution status code, and return data, to the master node through the next available uplink time slot. If the time to the next pre-allocated time slot exceeds 500ms, an emergency time slot is inserted. After receiving the result, the master node forwards it to the acquisition master station or local logic processing unit. Meanwhile, when uplink periodic reporting and downlink instant commands overlap in time, the current module is responsible for coordinating the use of channel resources for both to avoid service conflicts: In the pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots of the slave node, except for the forced preemption of P0 level events, uplink data transmission has the highest priority. If a downlink command arrives in this time slot, it must wait for the time slot to end before it can be sent. DP0 level emergency control commands can be sent at any time via the backup channel. If the backup channel is unavailable, the commands will be sent simultaneously via HPLC and wireless dual channels to ensure that the commands arrive. When a large number of uplink and downlink services are concurrently running, the uplink periodic reports are centrally allocated to one channel, and the downlink immediate commands are centrally allocated to another channel, thus achieving physical isolation between uplink and downlink and avoiding service conflicts within the channel.

[0033] The network management and topology optimization module performs network initialization and node inbound management. It identifies offline nodes based on each node's last communication time and the number of consecutive unreported superframes, and performs topology optimization on nodes in weak coverage areas, including the following steps: After the master node is powered on, it operates at a period T. beacon =500ms =The network beacon is broadcast synchronously via HPLC and wireless dual-channel broadcast. The beacon contains the master node identifier MasterID, network version number and dual-channel working parameters. After powering on, the slave node enters a dual-channel listening state. After receiving three valid network beacons on any channel, it selects a channel with an RSSI of not less than -85dBm to send a network entry request frame. The frame contains the slave node's 64-bit hardware identifier DeviceID, protocol version number, and dual-channel capability declaration. The master node replies with a network entry confirmation frame in the next beacon cycle after receiving the network entry request, allocates a 16-bit logical address to the slave node, calls the LQ scoring algorithm to complete the primary and backup channel decision, and encapsulates the decision result and initial time slot allocation information in the network entry confirmation frame and sends it down. After receiving it, the slave node completes the network entry and enters the synchronization state. It should be noted that the 16-bit logical address range is 0x0001 to 0x03E8, and a maximum of 1000 slave nodes are supported. The dual-channel capability is declared as whether HPLC and wireless are supported simultaneously.

[0034] When the master node maintains the slave node status table, it records the last communication time and the number of consecutive unreported superframes for each node. If a slave node fails to report any data or respond for three consecutive superframe cycles, it is determined to be offline and the following processing is performed: Reactivation commands are sent through dual channels, with each command sent three times at one superframe interval. If there is no response, the neighboring nodes around the target node are queried and relay probe requests are sent through the neighboring nodes to confirm whether the target node is in a communication blind zone. If all the above attempts fail, the node is marked as offline, its occupied time slot resources are reclaimed, and an alarm is reported to the main data collection station. It should be noted that the master node maintains a slave node status table, recording the basic identifier, channel status, time slot allocation, service parameters, and health status of each registered slave node. The basic identifier includes logical address, DeviceID, network access time, and last communication time. The channel status includes the current primary channel, backup channel, and LQ. HPLC LQ RF Historical handover records, time slot allocation including uplink time slot list, downlink listening time slot number, time slot multiplexing marker, and service parameters including priority weight P. bw Reporting frequency R, data acquisition cycle T sample Health status includes the number of consecutive unreported overframes, packet error rate statistics, and average response latency; At the end of each superframe, the master node checks the communication status of each slave node. If a slave node fails to report any data or respond for three consecutive superframes, it is determined to be offline, and the following processing procedure is executed: The master node sends a reactivation command through dual channels three times consecutively, with an interval of one superframe. If there is no response to the reactivation command, the master node queries the neighboring nodes of the target node, that is, the nodes in the time slots adjacent to the target node in the time slot allocation table. The master node sends a relay probe request through the neighboring nodes to confirm whether the target node is still online but in a communication dead zone. If all the above attempts fail, the master node marks the node as "offline", stops allocating time slot resources to it, reclaims the time slot number it occupies, and reports an alarm to the data acquisition master station to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to handle it on-site. Perform topology optimization on nodes in weak coverage areas, including relay node candidate selection, relay path evaluation, and relay configuration distribution, including the following steps: When the physical communication and link quality management module determines that the slave node is in LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF For weak coverage areas with a value <0.40, perform topology optimization on the weak coverage area: Select slave nodes with an LQ score ≥ 0.75 from the physical neighborhood of the current slave node as relay candidate nodes to complete the relay candidate selection. The master node sends a probe command to the candidate relay node, requesting it to forward the probe frame to the weak coverage target node. Measure the forwarding success rate and round-trip delay, and select the path with the highest success rate and the lowest delay as the relay path to complete the relay path evaluation. The master node simultaneously sends relay configuration commands to the weak coverage node and the relay node, switching the communication mode of the weak coverage node to relay mode. Its data is forwarded to the master node through the relay node. The relay node undertakes the forwarding task in its own time slot allocation. The forwarding time slot is additionally allocated by the master node in the time slot allocation table, thus completing the relay configuration distribution.

[0035] It should be noted that, if the regulations in the area permit and the equipment supports it, the master node can also improve the received signal strength of weak coverage nodes by gradually increasing the transmission power, with a step of 3dB, up to the legal limit. The master node continuously records the communication success rate of each slave node, the LQ score change trend, channel switching events, load balancing migration records, and all P0 to P3 level event logs. All log data is cached locally and uploaded to the collection master station periodically to support remote operation and maintenance and fault prediction.

[0036] The terminal power consumption and sleep control module, including a sleep scheduling module and a wake-up receiving module, controls the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes. During non-working time slots, it controls slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state, and wakes them up during pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows. The module includes the following steps: It includes a sleep scheduling module and a wake-up receiving module. The sleep scheduling module is located inside the slave node. It maintains a wake-up time list based on the local cached time slot allocation table. The list includes the start time of the R periodic reporting time slots allocated to this node in each superframe and the start time of the downlink listening time slots allocated to this node in each superframe. During non-wake-up periods, the slave node enters a deep sleep state. It should be noted that, with the superframe period T f =15min, 3 uplink time slots plus 1 downlink listening time slot per superframe, time slot length T s With a typical configuration of 100ms, the total working time of a single superframe from a slave node is (3+1)×100=400ms, accounting for about 4.4% of the superframe cycle, while the remaining 95.6% of the time is spent in a sleep state.

[0037] The wake-up receiving module is periodically powered on with low power consumption, and the power-on period is aligned with the superframe time slot. It detects the preamble signal on the channel. When a signal destined for this node is detected by matching the short identifier of the target address in the preamble, the wake-up receiving module triggers the main receiver circuit to power on and enters a complete data reception state. If no valid signal is detected, it immediately returns to the sleep state.

[0038] It should be noted that the working state of the slave node is divided into four levels, and the power consumption is dynamically switched according to the actual task requirements. These include: deep sleep state, which only retains the wake-up timer and RTC clock, with an operating current of less than 50μA, suitable for non-working time slots; shallow sleep state, which wakes up the receiver module and powers off the main receiver, with an operating current of less than 1mA, suitable for downlink monitoring gaps; half-wake state, which powers on the main receiver, with an operating current of 3 to 5mA, suitable for preparation before reporting time slots; and full working state, which is full-power RF transmission and reception, with an operating current of 20 to 30mA, suitable for actual data transmission. In shallow sleep mode, the wake-up receiver briefly powers on at a period aligned with the superframe time slot, checks the target address short identifier in the channel preamble, and if a match is found, triggers the master receiver to power on at full power and enter the complete data reception process; otherwise, it immediately returns to sleep mode. The slave node internally records power consumption statistics such as accumulated working time and the number of data packets sent and received, and attaches the statistics with each periodic report. The master node summarizes the power consumption statistics of each slave node. When it is detected that the average operating current of a slave node continuously exceeds the normal value of other nodes in the same area, a maintenance alarm is issued to indicate that there may be a hardware failure or configuration abnormality. The wake-up receiver module is periodically powered on at low power, preferably less than 1mW, in order to improve the battery life and reduce the frequency of on-site maintenance and operating costs with the same battery capacity.

[0039] Example 3: like Figure 2As shown, the asymmetric bidirectional communication method for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism is characterized by the following steps: S1. Through the HPLC submodule, wireless submodule and dual-channel parallel transceiver manager, the HPLC power line carrier communication link and the low-power wireless communication link are established and maintained simultaneously between the master node and the slave node. Based on the reported dual-channel real-time monitoring data, the link quality of each slave node on the two channels is evaluated, and the primary channel and backup channel of each slave node are decided accordingly, and a fast switch is performed. S2. Establish time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network through the time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and the node priority evaluation submodule. At the same time, allocate dedicated uplink time slots and downlink listening time slots for each slave node on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. Dynamically adjust the node distribution on each channel through the dual-channel load balancing mechanism. S3. For various abnormal events detected by the nodes, classify and grade the abnormal events, encode their priorities, and arbitrate the preemption in the public competition area. Execute an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of active reporting and real-time command issuance, and carry out active data reporting by the slave nodes in the uplink direction and real-time command issuance by the master nodes in the downlink direction. S4. Perform network initialization and slave node network access management. Identify offline nodes based on the last communication time and consecutive non-reported superframe count of each node. Perform topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas. Simultaneously, control the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes through the sleep scheduling module and wake-up receiving module. Control the slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots and wake them up during pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows. This invention relates to an asymmetric bidirectional communication method and system for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism. During use, a four-dimensional link quality quantification scoring algorithm is used to integrate RSSI, SNR, PER and storm coefficient to achieve objective and automated evaluation of dual-channel quality. This improves the optimal channel selection rate of the system during use. Combined with dual-channel parallel delivery, it enables zero-perceptible lossless switching at the service level in scenarios of channel degradation such as power line impedance mutation. By employing a four-level event classification coding system and a public contention zone preemption arbitration algorithm, slave nodes can autonomously initiate proactive reporting based on priority when detecting abnormal events of different levels. Especially for emergency events such as power outages and equipment failures, they can preempt channel resources to quickly complete reporting and alarms, enabling the master station system to perceive on-site anomalies immediately and initiate fault isolation, rapid power restoration, and other handling procedures. Compared to the traditional polling mode, this significantly reduces the reporting latency for various events. The superframe time slot dynamic allocation algorithm based on service priority and the dual-channel load balancing mechanism based on the CL index ensure that services of different priorities can obtain corresponding communication resource guarantees, avoiding channel saturation caused by an increase in the number of nodes or an increase in the collection frequency. Based on real-time changes in service traffic, some nodes are automatically migrated from overloaded channels to lightly loaded channels, achieving efficient collaborative utilization of dual-channel resources. Through an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of proactive reporting and immediate delivery, uplink periodic collection services and downlink real-time control services are separated and diverted in terms of time resources and physical channels, ensuring the orderly reporting of large amounts of uplink data and enabling emergency control commands to obtain channel resources for immediate response in the downlink direction.

[0040] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the method in this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. An asymmetric bidirectional communication system for collecting electricity consumption information based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism, characterized in that: It includes a physical communication and link quality management module, a time synchronization and resource scheduling module, a service communication and event processing module, a network management and topology optimization module, and a terminal power consumption and sleep control module; The physical communication and link quality management module includes an HPLC submodule, a wireless submodule, and a dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. It simultaneously establishes and maintains HPLC power line carrier communication links and low-power wireless communication links between the master node and the slave node, evaluates the channel link quality of each slave node, and decides and switches the master channel and backup channel of the slave node. The time synchronization and resource scheduling module includes a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and a node priority evaluation submodule, which establishes time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network, allocates dedicated uplink time slots and downlink listening time slots to each slave node on the channel, and dynamically adjusts the node distribution on each channel. The business communication and event processing module handles the classification, grading, priority coding, and arbitration of various abnormal events detected by the nodes, as well as the preemption in the public competition zone. It also executes the proactive data reporting of the upstream slave nodes and the immediate command issuance of the downstream master nodes.

2. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical communication and link quality management module includes the following steps: After the master node and slave node are powered on, the HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule simultaneously perform hardware self-tests, including RF path detection, crystal oscillator frequency calibration, and memory verification. After the self-tests are passed, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The master node is the concentrator, and the slave nodes are each acquisition terminal / energy meter. The dual-channel parallel transceiver manager uses each superframe period as the acquisition window to obtain the real-time physical layer parameters of each slave node on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel, including Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Packet Error Rate (PER), and Channel Storm Coefficient (Storm). After passing the self-test, the two submodules enter the channel scanning state respectively. The HPLC submodule performs background noise scanning in the 2 to 12 MHz frequency band and selects the available subband with the lowest noise power as the working frequency band. The wireless submodule scans in the 470 to 510 MHz frequency band and selects the idle channel with the least interference as the working channel. After each submodule locks its working parameters, it reports the channel ready status to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. After the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager confirms that both channels are ready, it reports the physical layer ready signal to the upper layer protocol stack. The HPLC submodule and the wireless submodule independently monitor the signals on their respective physical channels. When the HPLC submodule detects the preamble, it synchronously starts the frame reception process, sequentially completing the synchronization header capture, frame start delimiter detection, PHY header parsing, Payload demodulation and FEC decoding, and finally performs CRC verification. Once the verification is successful, the complete data frame containing the MAC header and payload is submitted to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager. The manager performs a transmission decision, and if the target address matches, it is stored in the corresponding channel's receive queue and submitted to the upper layer. Each submodule reports the monitoring data to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager in real time. The manager then aggregates the data to form a dual-channel physical layer status report, which is used by the link quality assessment submodule to calculate the LQ score.

3. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each submodule reports the monitoring data to the dual-channel parallel transceiver manager in real time. The manager then aggregates the data to form a dual-channel physical layer status report, which is used by the link quality assessment submodule to calculate the LQ score. The specific steps include: The raw parameters acquired in the steps are linearly normalized, and the received signal strength indication is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the signal-to-noise ratio is adjusted accordingly. Mapped to the [0,1] interval, the packet error rate and channel storm coefficient are directly used in the calculation with values ​​in the 0~1 interval to calculate the original link quality score. ; The original scores are smoothed using an exponentially weighted moving average filter, and its recursive relationship is as follows: ； in, The filtered scores are then output as HPLC channel scores (LQ). HPLC With wireless channel score LQ RF And allocate primary and backup channels: When LQ is satisfied simultaneously HPLC ≥0.75 and LQ HPLC -LQ RF If the value is ≥0.15, the HPLC channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the HPLC channel is set as the primary channel, while the wireless channel is set as the backup channel. When LQ is satisfied simultaneously RF ≥0.75 and LQ RF -LQ HPLC If the value is ≥0.15, the wireless channel is determined to be significantly dominant, and the wireless channel is set as the primary channel, while the HPLC channel is set as the backup channel. when If the two channels are of similar quality, the channel with the higher score will be used as the primary channel, and the channel will be re-evaluated every 200ms during subsequent communication. When LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF If the value is less than 0.40, the slave node is determined to be in a weak coverage area. In this case, the normal primary / backup allocation is not performed, and the topology optimization process is triggered through the network management and topology optimization module. During communication, the master node continuously monitors the real-time link quality of the primary channel of each slave node. When the packet error rate of the primary channel is greater than 15%, the link quality score of the primary channel is less than 0.50, and the difference between the link quality score of the backup channel and the score of the primary channel is greater than 0.20 within three consecutive superframe cycles, channel switching is triggered. In the channel handover process, the master node constructs a handover instruction frame containing the new primary channel identifier and the effective superframe sequence number, and sends it to the target slave node simultaneously through the original primary channel and the backup channel. The slave node completes the channel role switch at the start time of the specified effective superframe and replies with an acknowledgment frame through the first periodic reporting time slot after the switch. After receiving the acknowledgment, the master node notifies all nodes in the network to synchronously update the time slot mapping relationship by incrementing the version number of the time slot allocation table. The entire handover process is completed within 2 superframe cycles.

4. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The time synchronization and resource scheduling module includes the following steps: Includes a time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule, which uses a built-in high-precision clock source with a period T sync =1 second, a time synchronization beacon (Sync Beacon) is simultaneously broadcast to all slave nodes via HPLC and wireless dual channels. The beacon contains a 64-bit millisecond-level absolute timestamp, the current superframe number (SFN), and the time slot allocation table version number (TBL). VER After receiving a SyncBeacon on any channel, the slave node performs beacon validity verification, propagation delay compensation based on half of the round-trip time (RTT), and local progressive clock correction. If the slave node does not receive a valid synchronization beacon for two consecutive superframe cycles, it determines that synchronization has been lost and enters the channel re-search state. Based on the current total number N registered slave nodes in the region slave The number of periodic reports required per slave node per superframe (R), and the number of time slots required for a single data packet transmission (S). pkt Calculate the minimum total number of periodically reported time slots. The number of time slots in the public competition zone is ,in The proportion of the competing area, and the time slot length T s The larger single-packet transmission time in both channels is taken and accumulated with the guard interval; the superframe period is... ; The node priority evaluation submodule calculates the comprehensive business priority weight for each slave node. F type F act F event These represent the business type factor, the historical activity factor based on the reporting frequency of the past 20 superframes, and the event response factor based on the event trigger records of the past 24 hours. The time slot allocation table generation submodule then assigns all slave nodes according to P... bw Arrange N in descending order to form a priority queue. slot_min Each periodic reporting time slot is evenly divided into R segments, and each segment is assigned a time slot number in sequence according to the priority queue. The dual-channel load balancing submodule uses each superframe as a statistical window to calculate the combined load index CL for the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. ； Where Q is the number of data packets to be sent in the current channel queue. max C is the maximum queue capacity, and C is the number of channel collisions within the current superframe. max The theoretical maximum number of collisions is given, and PER is the average packet error rate over the past 5 superframes. When the CL index of any channel reaches the preset trigger threshold of 0.75, the load balancing migration process is initiated, based on the current load of the overloaded channel being CL. over The total number of slave nodes on this channel is N. over And the target load, calculate the number of nodes that need to be migrated. The slave node with LQ < 0.70 on the first channel and LQ ≥ 0.60 on the other channel is selected as the migration candidate. The master node issues channel migration instructions to each node to be migrated and completes equalization convergence within 3 superframe periods. After the migration is completed, if the CL index of both channels is lower than 0.675 for 3 consecutive statistical windows, the current equalization parameters are recorded as the optimization benchmark for the current station area.

5. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The business communication and event handling module includes the following steps: Based on the real-time monitoring of the operating status by the anomaly detection module inside the node, when an abnormal event is detected, the abnormal event is classified and coded in four levels, including P0, P1, P2 and P3, which represent emergency events, important events, general events and warning events, respectively. When multiple slave nodes detect an event in the same public contention zone and attempt to preempt it simultaneously, the public contention zone preemption arbitration submodule handles the situation according to the following arbitration rules, ensuring that the higher-priority event has priority in obtaining channel usage rights: When multiple slave nodes experience event reporting conflicts in the same public competition zone, the event codes Etype are compared, with the smaller code value having higher priority. If multiple P0-level event conflicts exist, the overall business priority weight P is further compared. bw Select the comprehensive business priority weight P bw The one with the higher score takes priority, when P bw If they are the same, compare the node identifier SlaveID, and give priority to the node identifier with the smaller number. For non-P0 level events, calculate the backoff window. W min =8 time slot units, Etype represents the event type encoding value, rand(0,W min ) is from 0 to W min Uniformly distributed random integers between; When both the HPLC and wireless public competition zones have preemption requests at the same time, the master node makes a traffic splitting decision based on the current load status of the two competition zones, by calculating the current queue length Q of each competition zone. hplc and Q rf When Q hplc <Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the HPLC competition region, when Q hplc >Q rf The current preemption request will then be allocated to the wireless contention zone. If Q hplc =Q rf Then, the allocation is based on the primary channel affiliation of the slave node. The primary HPLC node is allocated to the HPLC contention zone, and the primary wireless node is allocated to the wireless contention zone. The preemption request that is diverted to the non-primary channel is reported by the slave node through the backup channel. If the preemption attempt fails after exceeding the maximum number of retries, the event is marked as delayed reporting and forcibly inserted in the next periodic time slot. An asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism is executed through the uplink and downlink communication and task scheduling submodules to enable active data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction.

6. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The asymmetric bidirectional linkage mechanism executed through the uplink and downlink communication and task scheduling submodules to enable proactive data reporting by slave nodes in the uplink direction and immediate command issuance by master nodes in the downlink direction includes the following steps: The uplink direction employs a slave node proactive reporting mechanism. When a slave node arrives at its pre-allocated reporting time slot, it proactively sends the data to be reported to the master node via the primary channel. The slave node then collects data at a rate of T. sample After completing the acquisition and local storage of electrical energy data, the slave node wakes up from its sleep state when the pre-allocated periodic reporting time slot arrives and executes the following transmission process: The slave node encapsulates the data to be reported in APDU format, with a maximum length of 256 bytes. The frame structure includes: slave node identifier (SlaveID), frame sequence number (SeqNo), data acquisition time timestamp, data type identifier, data payload, and CRC checksum. The slave node sends the data frame to the master node through the master channel. After successfully receiving the data frame, the master node replies with an ACK confirmation frame within 200ms. If the slave node does not receive an ACK within 200ms, it will retransmit in the next available time slot. When the retransmission reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and all retransmissions fail, the slave node marks the data as pending delayed reporting and tries again in the next periodic time slot. At the same time, the physical communication and link quality management module triggers a re-evaluation of the LQ of the master channel. When the slave node detects an abnormal event, it performs preemptive reporting according to a hierarchical strategy. The downlink direction employs an immediate delivery mechanism. The master node prioritizes tasks and executes the delivery process accordingly. The priorities include DP0 (urgent control), DP1 (parameter update), and DP2 (query and recall). Upon receiving a downlink task, the master node selects the channel with the highest current LQ score of the target slave node as the delivery channel and sends an immediate command frame at the next time slot boundary. The frame contains the target SlaveID, command type encoding, command parameters, command sequence number CmdSeq, and timeout T. cmd CRC check: After the slave node detects a command sent to it in the downlink listening time slot, it is immediately woken up to execute it, and the execution result is returned to the master node through the next available uplink time slot.

7. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network management and topology optimization module performs network initialization and node inbound management. Based on the last communication time and the number of consecutive unreported superframes for each node, it identifies offline nodes and performs topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas, including the following steps: After the master node is powered on, it operates at a period T. beacon =500ms =The network beacon is broadcast synchronously via HPLC and wireless dual-channel broadcast. The beacon contains the master node identifier MasterID, network version number and dual-channel working parameters. After powering on, the slave node enters a dual-channel listening state. After receiving three valid network beacons on any channel, it selects a channel with an RSSI of not less than -85dBm to send a network entry request frame. The frame contains the slave node's 64-bit hardware identifier DeviceID, protocol version number, and dual-channel capability declaration. The master node replies with a network entry confirmation frame in the next beacon cycle after receiving the network entry request, allocates a 16-bit logical address to the slave node, calls the LQ scoring algorithm to complete the primary and backup channel decision, and encapsulates the decision result and initial time slot allocation information in the network entry confirmation frame and sends it down. After receiving it, the slave node completes the network entry and enters the synchronization state. When the master node maintains the slave node status table, it records the last communication time and the number of consecutive unreported superframes for each node. If a slave node fails to report any data or respond for three consecutive superframe cycles, it is determined to be offline and the following processing is performed: Reactivation commands are sent through dual channels, with each command sent three times at one superframe interval. If there is no response, the neighboring nodes around the target node are queried and relay probe requests are sent through the neighboring nodes to confirm whether the target node is in a communication blind zone. If all the above attempts fail, the node is marked as offline, its occupied time slot resources are reclaimed, and an alarm is reported to the main data collection station. Perform topology optimization on nodes in weak coverage areas, including relay node candidate selection, relay path evaluation, and relay configuration distribution.

8. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas includes relay node candidate selection, relay path evaluation, and relay configuration distribution, comprising the following steps: When the physical communication and link quality management module determines that the slave node is in LQ HPLC <0.40 and LQ RF For weak coverage areas with a value <0.40, perform topology optimization on the weak coverage area: Select slave nodes with an LQ score ≥ 0.75 from the physical neighborhood of the current slave node as relay candidate nodes to complete the relay candidate selection. The master node sends a probe command to the candidate relay node, requesting it to forward the probe frame to the weak coverage target node. Measure the forwarding success rate and round-trip delay, and select the path with the highest success rate and the lowest delay as the relay path to complete the relay path evaluation. The master node simultaneously sends relay configuration commands to the weak coverage node and the relay node, switching the communication mode of the weak coverage node to relay mode. Its data is forwarded to the master node through the relay node. The relay node undertakes the forwarding task in its own time slot allocation. The forwarding time slot is additionally allocated by the master node in the time slot allocation table, thus completing the relay configuration distribution.

9. The asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The terminal power consumption and sleep control module includes a sleep scheduling module and a wake-up receiving module. It controls the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes, controls slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots, and wakes them up during pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows. The module includes the following steps: The sleep scheduling module is located inside the slave node. It maintains a wake-up time list based on the local cached time slot allocation table. The list includes the start time of the R periodic reporting time slots allocated to the slave node in each superframe and the start time of the downlink listening time slots allocated to the slave node in each superframe. During non-wake-up periods, the slave node enters a deep sleep state. The wake-up receiving module is periodically powered on with low power consumption, and the power-on period is aligned with the superframe time slot. It detects the preamble signal on the channel. When a signal destined for this node is detected by matching the short identifier of the target address in the preamble, the wake-up receiving module triggers the main receiver circuit to power on and enters a complete data reception state. If no valid signal is detected, it immediately returns to the sleep state.

10. A method for asymmetric bidirectional communication in electricity consumption information acquisition based on dual-mode heterogeneous parallelism, characterized in that: This method employs the dual-mode heterogeneous parallel asymmetric bidirectional communication system for electricity consumption information acquisition as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: S1. Through the HPLC submodule, wireless submodule and dual-channel parallel transceiver manager, the HPLC power line carrier communication link and the low-power wireless communication link are established and maintained simultaneously between the master node and the slave node. Based on the reported dual-channel real-time monitoring data, the link quality of each slave node on the two channels is evaluated, and the primary channel and backup channel of each slave node are decided accordingly, and a fast switch is performed. S2. Time synchronization between master and slave nodes across the entire network is established through the time synchronization beacon broadcast submodule and the node priority evaluation submodule. At the same time, each slave node is allocated a dedicated uplink time slot and downlink listening time slot on the HPLC channel and the wireless channel respectively. The node distribution on each channel is dynamically adjusted through the dual-channel load balancing mechanism. S3. For various abnormal events detected by the nodes, classify and grade the abnormal events, encode their priority, and arbitrate the preemption in the public competition area. Execute an asymmetric two-way linkage mechanism of active reporting and real-time command issuance, and carry out active data reporting by the slave nodes in the uplink direction and real-time command issuance by the master nodes in the downlink direction. S4. Perform network initialization and slave node network access management. Identify offline nodes based on the last communication time of each node and the number of consecutive unreported superframes. Perform topology optimization for nodes in weak coverage areas. At the same time, control the time-slotted sleep and wake-up scheduling of slave nodes through the sleep scheduling module and wake-up receiving module. Control the slave nodes to enter a low-power sleep state during non-working time slots and wake them up to work during the pre-allocated periodic reporting time slots and downlink listening windows.

Images