An assembled digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of prefabricated building and digital construction intelligent management and control, and particularly relates to a prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system, which comprises a front-end acquisition unit, a middle-end gathering unit and a terminal operation unit. The front-end acquisition unit realizes non-damage fast installation by using a buckle base and realizes component whole-process data acquisition by integrating various sensors; the middle-end gathering unit supports mixed adaptive networking and local edge computing research and judgment; and the terminal operation unit has one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling and offline operation capability. The present application adopts a modular split hardware architecture and is suitable for full-scene digital construction applications such as prefabricated house building and municipal engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent management and control technology of prefabricated buildings and digital construction, and specifically relates to a collaborative intelligent management and control system for prefabricated digital construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the current prefabricated building construction process, digital management and control has become an important means to improve construction quality and efficiency. Most existing digital data acquisition devices for prefabricated construction adopt an integrated fixed structure, which has the following problems and shortcomings:

[0003] First, it has poor adaptability. The installation structure of traditional data acquisition equipment is fixed and simple, making it difficult to adapt to the surfaces of prefabricated components of different shapes, such as irregularly shaped components, beams, columns, and slabs of various specifications. The equipment needs to be repeatedly replaced or modified in different construction stages, such as factory production, on-site transportation, on-site hoisting, installation and maintenance, which results in insufficient versatility.

[0004] Second, the problem of data silos is prominent. Existing equipment operates independently, and the collected data cannot be synchronously aggregated from multiple points or collaboratively linked across devices, making it difficult to support unified digital management and control across the entire construction site.

[0005] Third, the deployment is cumbersome and non-reusable. Traditional equipment is mostly a one-time fixed installation, the deployment process is complicated and time-consuming, and it cannot be disassembled and moved to other projects for reuse after the project is completed, resulting in waste of resources and high modification costs.

[0006] Fourth, it has poor adaptability to construction site environments. Construction sites are dusty, humid, and pose a risk of impacts. The protection level of ordinary electronic equipment is insufficient to cope with harsh working conditions, resulting in a high failure rate and short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system, which uses a modular and split hardware architecture as its carrier to realize integrated operation of full-state data acquisition of components, cascaded aggregation of multiple devices, and on-site collaborative management and control.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A collaborative intelligent management and control system for prefabricated digital construction includes a front-end acquisition unit, a mid-end aggregation unit, and an end-point operation unit. The front-end acquisition unit collects attitude, load, identification codes, and on-site image data of prefabricated components, and achieves rapid, non-destructive assembly and disassembly with the surface of the prefabricated components via a snap-fit ​​base. The mid-end aggregation unit communicates with the front-end acquisition unit and is used for multi-device cascading networking, data aggregation and integration, and edge analysis, including a hybrid adaptive networking module and an edge computing host. The end-point operation unit communicates with the mid-end aggregation unit and is used for on-site data visualization and human-machine collaborative operation, including an offline command caching module and a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit. The three units are linked sequentially to form a closed-loop hardware collaborative management and control system, from front-end distributed sensing to mid-end gateway aggregation and edge analysis, and finally to end-point on-site human-machine collaborative scheduling.

[0010] Furthermore, the front-end acquisition unit includes a front-end body and a snap-fit ​​base. The snap-fit ​​base includes elastic grippers, a silicone vacuum suction cup, and an angle-adjusting pivot between the two. The elastic grippers are made of spring steel, and the gripping opening width is elastically adjustable. The clamping force locks the edge of the front-end body's chassis, forming the first layer of mechanical fixation. The silicone vacuum suction cup is made of industrial-grade weather-resistant silicone, adhering to the surface of the prefabricated component to form the second layer of vacuum negative pressure fixation. The angle-adjusting pivot connects the elastic grippers and the silicone vacuum suction cup, allowing relative rotation between them to adjust the tilt direction of the front-end body relative to the component surface. This snap-fit ​​base structure requires no drilling or adhesive materials. During disassembly, the negative pressure is released simultaneously with the snap-fit ​​locking, enabling rapid and damage-free assembly and disassembly of the prefabricated component's finish.

[0011] Furthermore, the chassis of the front-end unit is equipped with a collision-resistant frame, which forms a protective cage-like structure protruding from the outer perimeter of the front-end unit, and is wrapped with collision-resistant foam. A camera with a wide-angle lens assembly is located on one side of the front-end unit to capture alignment images during component hoisting. The front-end unit integrates a tilt sensor, a hoisting tension sensor, an RFID component identification reading / writing module, and a wireless transmission hardware module. The tilt sensor detects the verticality and tilt direction of the component in real time and triggers an alarm when the safety threshold is exceeded; the hoisting tension sensor detects the actual load on the lifting equipment and issues an overload warning when the rated lifting capacity is approached; the RFID component identification reading / writing module reads the component identification information stored in the passive RFID tags embedded in the component. The front-end unit housing adopts a sealed, one-piece injection-molded structure, achieving an IP67 protection rating. It integrates a condensation dehumidification micro-air duct, utilizing a combination of natural chimney effect and active forced convection by a micro DC fan to eliminate condensation caused by day-night temperature differences.

[0012] Furthermore, the mid-range aggregation unit includes a mid-range chassis. The upper surface of the mid-range chassis features a wireless mesh self-organizing network, adopting the IEEE 802.11s protocol standard, supporting multi-node self-organizing networking and automatic network topology repair. The front surface has wiring ports, providing Ethernet and serial interfaces for wired direct connection to nearby front-end acquisition units. Together, these form a hybrid adaptive networking module: wired networking via wiring ports is used in densely populated areas to reduce wireless interference, while wireless mesh self-organizing networking is used in high-altitude or water-adjacent areas. The mid-range chassis houses an edge computing host and a regulated power supply. The edge computing host receives real-time data from each front-end acquisition unit and performs real-time judgments according to preset threshold rules. When it detects dangerous conditions such as abnormal component posture, hoisting overload, or excessive installation tilt angle, it generates a local warning signal and pushes it to the end-operation unit, enabling the system to have complete offline control capabilities. The regulated power supply adopts a wide-range AC input design to withstand voltage fluctuations at the construction site, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the entire equipment.

[0013] Furthermore, a modular hot-swappable expansion compartment is installed on one side of the mid-range chassis, employing a standardized hot-swappable interface design, allowing for the insertion or removal of functional expansion modules without power interruption. The expansion compartment can be equipped with at least one of the following: a vibrating wire sensor demodulation module, a multi-channel RFID read / write module, and a video stream encoding / decoding module. After project completion, it can be directly disassembled, migrated, and reused in other engineering projects.

[0014] Furthermore, the end-user unit includes an explosion-proof portable housing. The casing is made of flame-retardant and explosion-proof materials, and the circuit interface is treated with explosion-proof or intrinsically safe explosion-proof measures. The front surface features a high-brightness industrial display screen covered by an anti-glare tempered glass cover, with physical function buttons using a mechanical limit switch structure below. Internally, it integrates a wireless communication module, an offline command cache module, and a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit. The offline command cache module automatically activates its local cache mode when the network is disconnected, and automatically transmits data in batches after communication is restored. The one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit binds a single terminal to multiple mid-level aggregation units simultaneously, enabling unified scheduling of different construction sites. Both sides have anti-slip handles with anti-slip textures or anti-slip sleeves, and an external audio / video terminal is magnetically mounted on the top, allowing for quick connection of high-definition camera components and explosion-proof intercom modules.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] First, the modular hardware is highly adaptable and universally applicable across all scenarios. Adopting an adjustable snap-fit ​​modular structure, it can be adapted to various prefabricated component surfaces such as flat surfaces, curved surfaces, irregularly shaped beams and columns, and arc-shaped wall panels. It supports the entire process of deployment, from factory production and on-site transportation to on-site hoisting, installation, and maintenance, significantly improving equipment versatility and engineering adaptability.

[0017] Second, multi-device cascading networking eliminates data silos. An innovative split-type cascading gateway hardware structure supports dense networking and collaborative operation of multiple data acquisition devices, enabling unified aggregation and synchronization of data from multiple components, areas, and processes at the construction site, thus building a comprehensive data collaboration system for prefabricated digital construction.

[0018] Third, the hardware boasts a high level of protection and excellent adaptability to construction sites. Each hardware unit integrates multiple protective structures, including waterproof, dustproof, and collision-resistant features, making it suitable for harsh working conditions on construction sites. The equipment operates stably with a low failure rate.

[0019] Fourth, the equipment is disassembled and reused, resulting in significant cost reduction and efficiency improvement. All modules support rapid disassembly and assembly and can be reused across projects, greatly reducing the cost of digital transformation of prefabricated engineering projects.

[0020] Fifth, it facilitates human-machine collaboration and is compatible with smart construction site management. Equipped with a portable explosion-proof management terminal, it integrates on-site data visualization, status verification, and command issuance, constructing a closed-loop smart management system encompassing hardware acquisition, gateway aggregation, and terminal control. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the front-end housing of the front-end acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the snap-fit ​​base of the front-end acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mid-terminal convergence unit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the end-operation unit of the present invention.

[0025] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0026] 1-Front-end acquisition unit, 101-Front-end body, 102-Camera, 103-Anti-collision frame, 104-Snap-on base, 141-Elastic gripper, 142-Silicone vacuum suction cup, 143-Angle adjustment hinge; 2-Mid-end aggregation unit, 201-Mid-end body, 202-Wireless Mesh self-organizing network, 203-Wiring port, 204-Edge computing host, 205-Regulated power supply, 206-Modular hot-swappable expansion compartment; 3-End operation unit, 301-Explosion-proof portable body, 302-Display screen, 303-Audio / video external terminal, 304-Anti-slip handle. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention provides a collaborative intelligent management and control system for prefabricated digital construction, comprising three hierarchical hardware units: a front-end acquisition unit 1, a mid-level aggregation unit 2, and a terminal operation unit 3. These three units are linked sequentially to form a complete hardware collaborative management and control link, from front-end distributed sensing to mid-level gateway aggregation and edge analysis, and finally to on-site human-machine collaborative scheduling at the terminal. The typical deployment scale of the entire system is as follows: each mid-level aggregation unit 2 can manage 15 to 30 front-end acquisition units 1, and a single terminal operation unit 3 can simultaneously bind 3 to 6 mid-level aggregation units 2, covering the entire construction area of ​​a standard prefabricated building section.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front-end acquisition unit 1 is the data source of the system, responsible for continuously collecting various working condition information throughout the entire life cycle of the prefabricated component. The core component of the front-end acquisition unit 1 is the front-end body 101, which has a chassis at its bottom, on which a snap-fit ​​base 104 is mounted. Preferably, the external dimensions of the front-end body 101 are controlled within 180 mm in length × 120 mm in width × 90 mm in height, and the overall weight does not exceed 1.2 kg, so as to facilitate manual handling and installation by a single person.

[0030] The snap-fit ​​base 104 is the key mechanism for achieving damage-free quick assembly, and its structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the device includes a flexible gripper 141, a silicone vacuum suction cup 142, and an angle-adjusting shaft 143 positioned between them. The flexible gripper 141 is made of 65Mn spring steel, and its gripping opening width is elastically adjustable within the range of 30 mm to 60 mm. It locks the edge of the front-end body 101's chassis with clamping force, forming the first layer of mechanical fixation. The silicone vacuum suction cup 142 is made of industrial-grade weather-resistant silicone material, with a preferred diameter of 80 mm to 120 mm. It can generate a single-point adsorption force of no less than 40 kg on a smooth, flat concrete or steel mold surface, forming the second layer of vacuum negative pressure fixation. The angle-adjusting shaft 143 connects the flexible gripper 141 and the silicone vacuum suction cup 142, allowing relative rotation between them. The preferred adjustment range is ±25 degrees around the horizontal axis and ±15 degrees around the vertical axis, thereby precisely adjusting the tilt direction of the front-end body 101 relative to the surface of the precast component, ensuring that the sensor orientation and camera shooting angle reach optimal working conditions.

[0031] The design of the snap-fit ​​base 104 allows it to adapt to various precast component surfaces such as flat surfaces, curved surfaces, irregularly shaped beams and columns, and arc-shaped wall panels. The actual installation operation steps are as follows: First, press the silicone vacuum suction cup 142 onto the component surface and hold it for 2 to 3 seconds to expel the air between the suction cup and the component surface to form negative pressure adsorption; second, push the front body 101 chassis into the clamping opening of the elastic gripper 141, and use the self-tightening elastic force of the spring steel to lock the edge of the chassis; finally, manually turn the angle adjustment shaft 143 to fine-tune the pitch and yaw angles of the front body 101, so that the measurement axis of the tilt sensor is aligned with the direction of gravity of the component, and the field of view of the camera 102 covers the target monitoring area. The entire installation process requires no drilling of components and no use of any adhesive materials. Skilled workers can complete the installation of a single device within 30 seconds. When disassembling, simply release the elastic gripper 141 and simultaneously lift the edge of the silicone vacuum suction cup 142 to introduce air, which will simultaneously release the double fixation without damaging the surface layer of the prefabricated components, truly achieving non-destructive quick installation and disassembly.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a crash barrier frame 103 is also installed on the chassis of the front-end fuselage 101. The crash barrier frame 103 consists of 4 mm diameter ABS engineering plastic round strips surrounding the outer perimeter of the front-end fuselage 101, forming a protective cage-like structure that protrudes 8 mm to 12 mm from the fuselage outline. The outer side of the crash barrier frame 103 is covered with a layer of open-pore EVA crash barrier foam with a thickness of about 5 mm. The surface of the foam has evenly distributed vent holes to accelerate moisture evaporation. When the equipment collides with other objects during hoisting or transportation, the crash barrier foam first absorbs the impact energy and dissipates most of the kinetic energy through its own deformation. The crash barrier frame 103, as a rigid frame, disperses and transmits the residual impact force to the surrounding area of ​​the chassis rather than concentrating it on a weak point of the fuselage. The two work together to protect the internal front-end fuselage 101 and precision electronic components from damage. Actual testing shows that this crash barrier structure allows the front-end fuselage 101 to withstand the impact of a free fall from a height of 1 meter onto a concrete surface without affecting normal operation.

[0033] A camera 102 is embedded on one side of the front-end body 101. The camera 102 uses a wide-angle lens assembly with more than 2 million pixels. The shooting direction is towards the external space of the component, and the horizontal field of view is preferably 90 degrees to 120 degrees. It is used to collect alignment images during the hoisting process of the component, assisting tower crane operators and ground command personnel to accurately control the posture of the component and reduce the error caused by manual visual judgment.

[0034] The front-end housing 101 integrates various sensing and communication hardware modules. The technical parameters of each module are as follows:

[0035] Tilt sensor: Employs a MEMS dual-axis or tri-axis digital tilt chip with a measurement resolution of no less than 0.01 degrees and a measurement range of ±90 degrees. It is used to detect the installation verticality and tilt direction of components in real time. When the detected tilt angle exceeds the preset safety threshold (such as ±2 degrees), an early warning signal is automatically triggered.

[0036] Lifting tension sensor: A resistance strain gauge load cell is used, with a preferred range of 0 to 10 tons (0 to 5 tons or 0 to 20 tons can be selected according to the weight class of the component). The measurement accuracy is within ±1%FS. It is installed in series in the path of the lifting wire rope or lifting sling to detect the actual load of the lifting equipment and issue an overload warning when it approaches the rated lifting capacity to prevent illegal overloading during lifting.

[0037] RFID component identification reading and writing module: The working frequency is 13.56MHz (ISO / IEC 14443 standard) or 915MHz (ISO / IEC 18000-6C standard), and the reading distance can reach 50 mm to 100 mm. It is used to read the component's factory code, production date, specifications and other identification information stored in the passive RFID tags embedded in the component, so as to realize the automatic identification of the component and the traceability of the whole life cycle.

[0038] Wireless transmission hardware module: It adopts one or more of the following standards: WiFi / ZigBee / LoRa in the 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz band, with a transmission power of no more than 100mW. In open environments, the effective transmission distance can reach 200 to 500 meters. It is used to encrypt and upload the above-mentioned types of collected data to the mid-end aggregation unit 2 in real time.

[0039] The front-end housing 101 is manufactured using a sealed, one-piece injection molding process with PC+ABS alloy material. The overall structure achieves an IP67 protection rating (completely dustproof and prevents short-term water immersion), making it suitable for all-weather outdoor construction environments with an operating temperature range of -20℃ to +60℃. The housing features a specially designed condensation dehumidification micro-air duct structure: a longitudinally spaced air channel approximately 3 mm wide and 2 mm deep runs along the inner wall of the housing, connecting the bottom air inlet and top air outlet. Due to significant day-night temperature differences at construction sites (especially during seasonal transitions where the temperature difference can exceed 15℃), condensation can easily form on the inner wall of the sealed housing, potentially causing short circuits in electronic circuits or sensor reading drift. The condensation dehumidification micro-air duct utilizes the natural chimney effect created by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the casing to generate a weak but continuous airflow, guiding the moisture condensed on the inner wall to the bottom drain hole and expelling it from the casing. Under extremely high humidity conditions (such as when the relative humidity of the outdoor environment exceeds 90% during the rainy season), the built-in micro DC fan (speed of about 3000 rpm) can be activated to actively force convection, accelerating the evaporation and discharge of condensation moisture, fundamentally solving the risk of condensation short circuit.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the mid-range aggregation unit 2 is the core control node of the entire system, undertaking the functions of multi-device cascading networking, data integration, edge analysis, and transmission relay. The main body of the mid-range aggregation unit 2 is the mid-range chassis 201, with preferred dimensions of 300 mm (length) × 220 mm (width) × 150 mm (height), and an overall weight of approximately 3 to 5 kg. The upper surface of the mid-range chassis 201 is equipped with a wireless Mesh self-organizing network 202, and the front surface is equipped with a wiring port 203.

[0041] The wireless mesh self-organizing network 202 and the wiring port 203 work together to form the hybrid adaptive networking module of this system. The wireless mesh self-organizing network 202 adopts the IEEE 802.11s protocol standard mesh network module, operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and has a single-hop transmission distance of approximately 100 to 200 meters (depending on obstacle density). It supports self-organizing networking of up to 32 nodes, and the network topology automatic repair time is less than 10 seconds, meaning that if an intermediate node fails, data can automatically switch to a backup route path within 10 seconds to continue transmission. The wiring port 203 provides 4 to 8 RJ45 Ethernet interfaces (10 / 100Mbps adaptive) and 2 to 4 industrial-grade RS485 serial interfaces for wired direct connection to nearby front-end acquisition unit 1 or other field sensors.

[0042] In actual deployment, the networking method is flexibly selected according to the specific environment of the construction site: In areas with densely arranged components, such as prefabricated component yards or equipment rooms in high-rise assembly floors, the data acquisition devices are densely distributed and close to each other (usually less than 50 meters). In this case, wired networking using port 203 is preferred, which can effectively avoid the problem of interference from a large number of wireless devices on the same frequency, and ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. The measured data packet loss rate of the wired link is less than 0.01%. In high-altitude work areas (such as near the tower crane cab), water-adjacent areas (such as the construction site of a bridge across a river), or in scenarios where components are scattered, wired cabling is difficult or uneconomical. In this case, the wireless Mesh self-organizing network 202 mode is switched, and each device automatically forms a mesh network. Data can reach the aggregation node through multi-hop routing. Even if individual nodes fail due to collision or power failure, it will not affect the overall network connectivity.

[0043] The mid-range chassis 201 internally houses two key modules: the edge computing host 204 and the regulated power supply 205. The edge computing host 204 utilizes an ARM Cortex-A series quad-core processor platform with a clock speed of at least 1.5GHz, equipped with at least 2GB of DDR memory and 16GB of eMMC storage, and runs an embedded Linux operating system. Its core function is to perform preliminary data analysis and risk assessment locally, outputting early warning conclusions without relying on a cloud server. Specifically, after receiving real-time data from each front-end acquisition unit 1, the edge computing host 204 (the sampling frequency can be dynamically adjusted according to the working conditions: the normal monitoring cycle is 1 to 10 seconds, and it is increased to 100 to 200 milliseconds during hoisting operations) makes real-time judgments according to preset threshold rules. When dangerous working conditions such as abnormal component posture (e.g., tilt angle exceeding the safety threshold), hoisting overload (e.g., tension sensor reading exceeding 95% of the rated value), or excessive installation tilt angle (e.g., verticality deviation greater than the design allowable value) are detected, the edge computing host 204 can generate a local early warning signal within 50 to 200 milliseconds, push it to the end operation unit 3 to display alarm information through the wireless communication link, or drive the buzzer and LED indicator of the mid-end unit 201 to emit an audible and visual alarm. This local judgment mechanism enables the system to have complete offline control capabilities—even if communication with the upper platform server is interrupted due to fiber optic cable breakage, base station failure, etc., the on-site safety monitoring can still operate normally, without the risk of "blindness due to network outage". Compared with traditional IoT gateway solutions that only perform data pass-through and forwarding and rely entirely on centralized analysis by the cloud platform, this significantly improves the system's reliability and response speed, reducing on-site early warning delay from the traditional several to tens of seconds to sub-second levels.

[0044] The regulated power supply 205 is a power module that supplies power to all electronic components inside the mid-range unit 201. Its input voltage range is a wide AC 85V to 265V (compatible with common temporary power fluctuations of 380V / 220V on construction sites and unstable generator power). It outputs a dual-channel DC 12V / 5V regulated power supply with a minimum output power capacity of 50W and a ripple factor of less than 1%. Construction site power grid quality is typically poor, with frequent voltage fluctuations (instantaneous fluctuations can reach ±20% or even greater than the rated value). Ordinary linear power supplies or switching power supply modules may unexpectedly restart or be damaged due to sudden voltage drops. The regulated power supply 205 incorporates an active power factor correction circuit and a two-stage EMI filter, enabling it to maintain a stable output voltage within ±2% deviation even when the input voltage fluctuates significantly. This ensures continuous and stable operation of the entire mid-range aggregation unit 2, with a mean time between failures (MTBF) of no less than 25,000 hours.

[0045] A modular hot-swappable expansion bay 206 is installed on one side of the mid-range chassis 201. The expansion bay uses a standardized SATA Express or PCIe-M.2 hot-swappable interface design, allowing for the direct insertion or removal of expansion modules without power interruption or data acquisition interruption, with a switching time of less than 5 seconds. Different functional modules can be selected for the expansion bay 206 according to the actual needs of the project, including but not limited to: a vibrating wire sensor demodulation module (for connecting vibrating wire strain gauges embedded in concrete structures to monitor the stress-strain change trend of components), a multi-channel RFID read / write module (for expanding the component identification coverage to simultaneously read more than 50 tags), and a video stream encoding / decoding module (for connecting 4 to 8 additional high-definition video streams and performing local H.264 compression encoding before transmission). After a project is completed, these expansion modules can be directly removed from the mid-range chassis 201 and migrated to equipment in another new project for continued use, achieving cross-project reuse of hardware resources. The migration operation time for a single module does not exceed 10 minutes.

[0046] The mid-range unit 201 has pre-drilled wall mount holes (compliant with VESA 100×100mm standard) on its rear side and an integrated foldable floor stand at the bottom. These two mounting options allow the mid-range convergence unit 2 to flexibly adapt to different deployment environments: in temporary offices, equipment rooms, or container-style tool sheds with available wall space, the mid-range unit 201 can be suspended and fixed to the wall using expansion bolts and wall mounts, saving floor space; in open areas, on foundation pit slopes, or locations without suitable walls, the floor stand can be unfolded to securely place the equipment on the ground or a simple workbench. The bottom of the stand is equipped with rubber anti-slip pads to adapt to uneven surfaces. Both methods require only ordinary tools and can be deployed or dismantled within 5 minutes.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the end-user unit 3 is a human-machine interface terminal for on-site construction management personnel, used to achieve data visualization and collaborative operation management. The main body of the end-user unit 3 is an explosion-proof portable body 301, with dimensions of approximately 260 mm long × 180 mm wide × 45 mm thick (including the anti-slip handle 304), and a total weight of approximately 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg, making it easy for on-site personnel to carry. The outer shell of the explosion-proof portable body 301 is made of glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate (FR-PC) flame-retardant and explosion-proof material. All circuit interfaces are explosion-proof or intrinsically safe, and the entire unit has passed the GB3836 series of electrical equipment certifications for explosive atmospheres, ensuring that it will not become an ignition source when used in environments where flammable gases may be present (such as underground pipe corridors, enclosed foundation pits, paint spraying areas, etc.).

[0048] The front surface of the explosion-proof portable device 301 is embedded with a display screen 302. The display screen 302 uses a 7-inch to 10.1-inch high-brightness industrial-grade TFT-LCD display with a resolution of no less than 1280×800 pixels. The surface is covered with an AG anti-glare tempered glass cover, and the brightness is no less than 800 nits, ensuring clear readability even in strong outdoor sunlight at midday. Below the display screen 302 is a row of physical function buttons (ranging from 5 to 8). These buttons use an IP67-rated waterproof and dustproof mechanical travel switch structure instead of capacitive touch switches, with a key travel of approximately 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm. This ensures reliable operation even when workers are wearing heavy protective gloves or have fingers contaminated with oil or mud, with a false touch rate of less than one in a thousand. The function layout of the physical buttons includes, but is not limited to: main menu / home page switching key, data refresh / synchronization key, alarm confirmation / silence key, page turning / navigation keys, power on / off key, and other commonly used operations.

[0049] The explosion-proof portable body 301 has integrally molded anti-slip handles 304 on both sides. The anti-slip handles 304 have an elliptical cross-section (major axis approximately 35 mm, minor axis approximately 25 mm), and the surface is injection molded with a diamond-shaped grid anti-slip texture or covered with a 2 mm to 3 mm thick silicone rubber anti-slip sleeve, with a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6. This allows construction personnel to hold and carry the equipment for extended periods during mobile inspections, effectively avoiding the risk of slipping and falling due to sweaty hands or rain, and significantly improving the safety of equipment use.

[0050] The explosion-proof portable housing 301 integrates three core functional modules: a wireless communication module, an offline command cache module, and a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit.

[0051] Wireless communication module: It adopts a combined communication scheme that supports dual-band WiFi (2.4GHz / 5.8GHz) and Bluetooth 5.0. In WiFi mode, the point-to-point communication distance with the mid-range aggregation unit 2 can reach more than 300 meters in open environments. Data transmission adopts the MQTT lightweight message queue protocol, and the end-to-end one-way transmission delay is controlled within 100 milliseconds, ensuring the real-time performance of on-site operators in viewing data and issuing instructions.

[0052] Offline command caching module: This is a key design feature of this system to address network instability issues at construction sites. During actual construction, due to signal obstruction by tall buildings, electromagnetic reflection shielding from large metal components, and frequent equipment movement across base station coverage boundaries, wireless network signals in some areas may experience interruptions, extremely weak signals, or high jitter. The offline command caching module has a built-in flash memory storage area with a capacity of at least 4GB. When the wireless communication module detects that the network link has no heartbeat response for more than 3 consecutive seconds or the packet loss rate exceeds 50%, it automatically activates the local caching mode. During this period, data such as rectification instructions, component installation deviation markings, quality inspection records, and safety hazard photos entered by operators are temporarily stored in local storage in timestamp order (each record occupies an average of approximately 10KB to 50KB of space; the 4GB storage area can cache approximately 100,000 records). After the communication link returns to normal (based on receiving more than 3 consecutive correct heartbeat packets), the module automatically packages all cached data to be sent in batches in chronological order and sends it back to the mid-level aggregation unit 2, which is then synchronized to the upper-level cloud platform by the gateway. The entire process is completely transparent to users and requires no manual intervention, ensuring the continuity of on-site quality inspection and safety patrol operations without being affected by fluctuations in the construction site's network conditions.

[0053] One-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit: This function breaks the traditional limitation of a strict one-to-one binding between the control terminal and the aggregation gateway. In large-scale prefabricated construction sites (such as residential projects with a building area of ​​over 50,000 square meters or municipal tunnel projects with a total length of over 1 kilometer), multiple mid-range aggregation units are usually deployed to be responsible for different construction areas (e.g., the tower crane operation area in area A, the prefabricated floor construction work surface in area B, and the storage yard transfer area in area C). In the traditional mode, a handheld terminal can only be bound to one gateway. If on-site management personnel need to view real-time data from multiple areas, they must frequently enter the system settings interface to disconnect the current connection, search for and reconnect to another gateway, which is cumbersome and inefficient. The system's one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit allows a single end operation unit 3 to simultaneously establish logical binding relationships with 3 to 6 mid-level aggregation units 2 at the software level (the physical wireless link is still time-division multiplexing polling mode). Operators can switch between viewing real-time data summaries of different areas with one click on the same graphical interface by using drop-down menus or sliding cards. They can also send scheduling instructions to multiple selected areas simultaneously (such as "suspend hoisting operations across the entire line" or "immediately check the tilt alarm in area A3"). This truly realizes unified scheduling and management of the zoned construction site, significantly improving the management efficiency and response speed of on-site personnel.

[0054] The top side of the explosion-proof portable housing 301 is magnetically attached to an external audio / video terminal 303. The magnetic mounting mechanism consists of two sets of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet pole arrays, each with a magnetic force of at least 5 kg, allowing the external terminal to be quickly and easily attached or detached by hand. The entire assembly / disassembly process takes no more than 2 seconds and requires no tools. The external audio / video terminal 303 can be equipped with two optional functional components depending on the actual needs of the site: an external high-definition camera component and an explosion-proof intercom module. The external high-definition camera module uses an autofocus camera module with over 5 megapixels, supporting 1080P@30fps high-definition recording. It can be used to capture high-definition images at key process nodes such as precise component docking and grouting quality inspection, and transmit them remotely back to the project department's monitoring center in real time for review and archiving. The explosion-proof intercom module integrates digital intercom function that complies with the PTT (Push-To-Talk) one-button protocol. The communication distance can reach 1 to 3 kilometers in open environments (depending on terrain and antenna configuration). It can realize real-time voice collaborative scheduling between construction site teams, making up for the lack of on-site audio interaction when relying solely on screen visualization.

[0055] Based on the above three layers of hardware, the complete collaborative working mechanism of this system in a typical prefabricated building project is as follows (taking a prefabricated shear wall structure residential building with 18 floors above ground and a building area of ​​approximately 20,000 square meters as an example):

[0056] Phase 1 – Front-end Distributed Sensing. Before the components leave the factory, a total of approximately 120 front-end acquisition units 1 are quickly and securely fixed one by one to the surface of the corresponding precast wall panels, composite floor slabs, precast stairs, balcony slabs, etc. using their respective snap-fit ​​bases 104 without damage (15% to 20% of each type of component are randomly selected for deployment). During the factory prefabrication stage, the equipment begins collecting basic geometric parameters of the components (length, width, height, and deviation of reserved rebar positions, etc.) and RFID identification information, and writes them into local storage. During the on-site transfer and storage stage, the equipment continuously monitors the three-dimensional posture changes and environmental vibration acceleration of the components at a frequency of once per second to determine whether the components have been subjected to abnormal impacts during forklift loading, unloading, and stacking. During the on-site hoisting and assembly stage, the equipment automatically increases the sampling frequency to 10 to 20 times per second, collecting key working condition data such as tilt angle, tension, and high-definition images at high frequency, assisting tower crane operators and command personnel in accurate positioning in real time. During the subsequent decoration and operation and maintenance inspection stage, the equipment periodically (2 to 4 times per day) reads and reports the status parameters of the components, monitoring for signs of later deformation such as settlement and cracking. All collected data is transmitted in real time to the nearest mid-level aggregation unit 2 via a wireless transmission hardware module.

[0057] Phase Two – Mid-Range Gateway Aggregation and Edge Analysis. This project deploys three mid-range aggregation units (2), located in the equipment room on the first floor (responsible for construction areas from floors 1 to 6), the temporary electrical box room on the eighth floor (responsible for construction areas from floors 7 to 12), and the tower crane operator's room (responsible for construction areas from floors 13 to 18 and the roof). Each mid-range aggregation unit (2) constructs a wired and wireless mesh self-healing network covering its respective area of ​​responsibility using a hybrid adaptive meshing module: on floors where temporary construction cables have been laid indoors, wired networking using port 203 is prioritized (accounting for approximately 70% of front-end devices); in areas where wiring is impossible, such as on the exterior scaffolding facade and within the tower crane boom's operating range, the wireless mesh self-organizing network (202 mode) is switched to (accounting for approximately 30% of front-end devices). The three mid-range aggregation units (2) are also interconnected via wireless mesh links; if one unit fails, the remaining two can automatically take over the data aggregation tasks for their respective areas. Meanwhile, the edge computing host 204 utilizes its built-in judgment rule base (including multi-dimensional judgment logic such as tilt angle threshold, tension threshold, and vibration threshold) to perform 24 / 7 uninterrupted real-time analysis on the aggregated data, processing an average of approximately 500,000 raw data records per day. It promptly detects abnormal operating conditions and issues local warnings via audible and visual alarms and message push notifications, with a warning response time of no more than 200 milliseconds. The modular hot-swappable expansion compartment 206, selected for this project, is equipped with a vibrating wire sensor demodulation module, additionally connecting 24 vibrating wire strain gauges pre-embedded in key stress nodes, enhancing the system's deep perception capability for structural safety.

[0058] The third phase – End-point human-machine collaborative scheduling. This project is equipped with two end-point operation units 3, each carried by a dedicated safety officer and quality inspector. The end-point operation units 3 connect to three mid-level aggregation units 2 via wireless communication modules to acquire real-time sensing data from the entire building. The data is displayed on a graphical interface on a screen 302, showing the construction data of all components (including overlaid 3D visualization models), equipment online / offline status, and daily construction statistics. On-site management personnel utilize a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit to achieve unified management and one-click switching of data between the three construction zone gateways. When the network is temporarily interrupted due to tower crane rotation or elevator shaft obstruction, the offline command caching module can be used to continue local inspections and data entry. Once a good signal area is reached, data is automatically transmitted back in batches, ensuring no inspection records are lost throughout the process. When necessary (such as component docking verification or concealed works acceptance), management personnel can remove the magnetically mounted audio / video external terminal 303 and point it at the work surface to conduct remote real-time video transmission or team voice dispatch, achieving comprehensive on-site control that is "visible, audible, and manageable."

[0059] The entire hardware system forms a complete chain from top to bottom: "front-end distributed sensing—mid-end gateway convergence and edge analysis—end-end on-site human-machine collaborative scheduling," constructing a closed loop of hardware-based collaborative intelligent management and control for the entire digital construction process of prefabricated engineering. Verified in actual projects, after adopting this system, the accuracy of component installation and positioning has improved by approximately 30%, the detection rate of potential hoisting safety hazards has increased by approximately 50%, and the daily on-site inspection efficiency has increased by approximately 2 times. This significantly improves the refinement, collaboration, and intelligence of prefabricated construction, demonstrating excellent value for engineering promotion and application.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A collaborative intelligent management and control system for prefabricated digital construction, characterized in that, include: The front-end acquisition unit (1) is used to acquire the attitude, load, identification code and on-site image data of the prefabricated components; The mid-end aggregation unit (2) is connected to the front-end acquisition unit (1) for multi-device cascading networking, data aggregation and integration and edge analysis. The mid-end aggregation unit (2) includes a hybrid adaptive networking module and an edge computing host (204). The terminal operation unit (3) is connected to the mid-end aggregation unit (2) for on-site data visualization and human-machine collaborative operation. The terminal operation unit (3) includes an offline instruction cache module and a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit. The front-end acquisition unit (1), the mid-end aggregation unit (2), and the end-end operation unit (3) are linked sequentially to form a closed-loop hardware collaborative management and control system that extends from front-end distributed perception to mid-end gateway aggregation edge analysis and then to end-end on-site human-machine collaborative scheduling.

2. The prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end acquisition unit (1) includes a front-end body (101) and a snap-fit ​​base (104). The snap-fit ​​base (104) includes an elastic gripper (141), a silicone vacuum suction cup (142), and an angle adjustment pivot (143) disposed between the two. The elastic gripper (141) is clamped and installed on the bottom chassis of the front body (101), and is made of spring steel. The width of the clamping opening can be elastically adjusted. The clamping force locks the edge of the chassis to form the first mechanical fixed connection. The silicone vacuum suction cup (142) is used to adsorb onto the surface of the precast component. It is made of industrial-grade weather-resistant silicone material to form a second vacuum negative pressure fixed connection. The angle adjustment shaft (143) connects the elastic gripper (141) and the silicone vacuum suction cup (142), allowing relative rotation between the two, for adjusting the tilt direction of the front body (101) relative to the surface of the precast component; The elastic gripper (141) and the silicone vacuum suction cup (142) work together to form a dual fixing mechanism. During installation, mechanical locking and negative pressure adsorption are formed simultaneously, and during disassembly, the dual fixing is released simultaneously, so as to achieve quick and easy installation and disassembly of the precast component surface without damage.

3. The prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A collision protection frame (103) is provided on the chassis of the front body (101). The collision protection frame (103) surrounds the outer perimeter of the front body (101) to form a protective cage structure that protrudes from the body outline. The outer side of the collision protection frame (103) is wrapped with collision protection foam. A camera (102) is provided on one side of the front body (101). The camera (102) adopts a wide-angle lens assembly and is used to collect alignment images during the hoisting process of the component. The front-end body (101) integrates an angle sensor, a hoisting tension sensor, an RFID component identification reading and writing module, and a wireless transmission hardware module. The tilt sensor is used to detect the verticality and tilt direction of the component installation in real time. The lifting tension sensor is used to detect the actual load of the lifting device and issue an overload warning when it approaches the rated lifting capacity. The RFID component identification reading and writing module is used to read the component identification information stored in the passive RFID tag embedded in the component.

4. A prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The front-end body (101) adopts a sealed one-piece injection molding structure, and the overall protection level reaches IP67. The shell integrates a condensation dehumidification micro-air duct. The condensation dehumidification micro-air duct is longitudinally opened along the inner wall of the shell. The two ends of the duct are connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the shell and the air outlet at the top of the shell, respectively. The airflow generated by the natural chimney effect formed by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the shell guides the moisture condensed on the inner wall to be discharged. The dehumidification duct is also equipped with a miniature DC fan, which activates active forced convection under high humidity conditions to accelerate the evaporation and discharge of condensed moisture.

5. The prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mid-range aggregation unit (2) includes a mid-range body (201), the upper surface of which is provided with a wireless Mesh self-organizing network (202), and the front surface is provided with a wiring port (203). The wireless Mesh self-organizing network (202) adopts a mesh network module based on the IEEE 802.11s protocol standard, which supports multi-node self-organizing networking and automatic network topology repair. The wiring port (203) provides an Ethernet interface and a serial interface for wired direct connection to the nearby front-end acquisition unit (1) or other field sensors; The wireless Mesh self-organizing network (202) and the wiring port (203) work together to form a hybrid adaptive networking module. In densely populated areas, the wiring port (203) is used for wired networking to reduce wireless interference. In high-altitude or water-adjacent areas, the wireless Mesh self-organizing network (202) is switched to wireless networking.

6. The prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mid-range chassis (201) is equipped with an edge computing host (204) and a regulated power supply (205). The edge computing host (204) is used to receive real-time data from each of the front-end acquisition units (1), and make real-time judgments according to preset threshold rules. When abnormal component posture, hoisting overload, or installation tilt angle exceeding the standard is detected, a local early warning signal is generated and pushed to the end operation unit (3). The local analysis mechanism of the edge computing host (204) enables the system to have offline management and control capabilities, and the on-site security monitoring can still operate normally when communication with the upper platform server is interrupted. The regulated power supply (205) has a wide AC input voltage range and outputs a DC regulated power supply to resist voltage fluctuations at the construction site and ensure continuous and stable operation.

7. A prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, A modular hot-swappable expansion bay (206) is plugged into one side of the mid-section (201). The modular hot-swappable expansion compartment (206) adopts a standardized hot-swappable interface design, which allows for the insertion or removal of functional expansion modules without power interruption or interruption of data acquisition. The modular hot-swappable expansion compartment (206) is equipped with at least one of a vibrating wire sensor demodulation module, a multi-channel RFID read / write module, and a video stream encoding / decoding module, and the sensor type can be flexibly configured according to project requirements. The modular hot-swappable expansion compartment (206) and its functional expansion modules can be disassembled from the mid-body (201) and migrated to other engineering projects for reuse after the project is completed.

8. The prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end-operation unit (3) includes an explosion-proof portable body (301); The front surface of the explosion-proof portable body (301) is provided with a display screen (302), which is a high-brightness industrial display screen and is covered with an anti-glare tempered glass cover. A physical function button is provided below the display screen (302), and the physical function button adopts a waterproof and dustproof mechanical limit switch structure; The outer shell of the explosion-proof portable body (301) is made of flame-retardant and explosion-proof material, and all circuit interfaces are treated with explosion-proof or intrinsically safe explosion-proof treatment. The explosion-proof portable body (301) is provided with anti-slip handles (304) on both sides, and the surface of the anti-slip handles (304) is provided with anti-slip texture or covered with anti-slip sleeve.

9. A prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The explosion-proof portable body (301) integrates an offline instruction cache module and a one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit. The offline instruction cache module has a built-in flash memory storage area. When the network link is interrupted, the local cache mode is automatically activated to temporarily store the data entered by the operator in the local memory. After the communication link is restored, the data is automatically packaged and sent back to the mid-end aggregation unit (2) in batches according to the time sequence. The one-to-many gateway linkage scheduling unit is used to establish a logical binding relationship between a single terminal operation unit (3) and multiple mid-end aggregation units (2) at the software level. Operators can switch to view real-time data of different areas on the same interface or send scheduling instructions to multiple selected areas at the same time to realize unified scheduling of the construction site in different areas.

10. A prefabricated digital construction collaborative intelligent management and control system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The explosion-proof portable body (301) has an audio and video external terminal (303) installed on one side of its top by magnetic attraction. The magnetic mounting mechanism is composed of a permanent magnet pole array, which allows the audio and video external terminal (303) to be quickly and manually attached or removed. The audio and video external terminal (303) includes at least one of an external high-definition camera component and an explosion-proof intercom module; The external high-definition camera component is used to capture high-definition images at key process nodes and transmit them remotely back to the monitoring center for review and archiving in real time. The explosion-proof intercom module integrates a digital intercom function with a one-button protocol for real-time voice collaborative scheduling between work teams on the construction site.

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