Transmission processing method, communication device, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a transmission processing method, a communication device and a readable storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The transmission processing method of the application embodiment comprises the following steps: a communication device determines frequency domain resources of first data according to first information, wherein the first data comprises at least part of contents in first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission; wherein the first information comprises a type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information comprises the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, and the second information comprises at least one of the following: first indication information used for indicating the frequency domain resources; resources of a second R2D transmission before the first R2D; resources of a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission before the first R2D; a state of a time window or a timer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a transmission processing method, communication equipment, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of communication technology, in Ambient Powered Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication systems, devices typically receive reader-to-device (R2D) transmissions according to the default frequency domain resource location. Thus, R2D transmissions across multiple devices usually require time-division multiplexing, resulting in significant R2D transmission latency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a transmission processing method, a communication device, and a readable storage medium, which can solve the problem of large latency in R2D transmission.

[0004] Firstly, a transmission processing method is provided, including:

[0005] The communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0006] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0007] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0008] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0009] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0010] The state of the time window or timer.

[0011] Secondly, a transmission processing apparatus is provided, comprising:

[0012] The processing module is used to determine the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0013] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0014] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0015] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0016] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0017] The state of the time window or timer.

[0018] Thirdly, a transmission processing apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0019] Fourthly, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0020] Fifthly, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to determine the frequency domain resources of first data using first information, the first data including at least a portion of the content in a first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0021] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0022] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0023] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0024] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0025] The state of the time window or timer.

[0026] In a sixth aspect, a network-side device is provided, the network-side device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0027] In a seventh aspect, a network-side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to determine the frequency domain resources of first data using first information, the first data including at least a portion of the content in a first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0028] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0029] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0030] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0031] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0032] The state of the time window or timer.

[0033] In an eighth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0034] A ninth aspect provides a wireless communication system, comprising: an A-IoT device and a reader, wherein the A-IoT device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the reader is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0035] In a tenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to run a program or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0036] Eleventhly, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0037] In this embodiment, the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined by the communication device based on first information. The first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission. The first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, where the second information includes at least one of the following: first indication information for indicating frequency domain resources; resources of the second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D; resources of the device-to-reader D2R transmission preceding the first R2D; and the state of a time window or timer. Thus, by clearly determining the frequency domain resources of the first data in the R2D transmission, multiple R2D transmissions can be supported via FDM transmission, or R2D transmissions combined with NR signals via FMD transmission. Therefore, this embodiment reduces the latency of the R2D transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is an example diagram illustrating a communication scenario to which the embodiments of this application can be applied;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a transmission processing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a transmission example diagram of a transmission processing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transmission processing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network-side device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0047] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as the sender explicitly informing the receiver of specific information, the required operation, or the requested result in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as the receiver determining the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or making a judgment and determining the required operation or requested result based on the judgment result.

[0048] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0049] Figure 1This diagram illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of this application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can also be referred to as User Equipment (UE), and can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, flight vehicle, vehicle user equipment (VUE), shipboard equipment, pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home devices (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game consoles, personal computers (PCs), ATMs, or self-service machines, etc. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart earphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among these, in-vehicle devices can also be referred to as in-vehicle terminals, in-vehicle controllers, in-vehicle modules, in-vehicle components, in-vehicle chips, or in-vehicle units, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal 11 is not limited in this application embodiment. Network-side equipment 12 may include access network equipment or core network equipment, wherein access network equipment may also be referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment, radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment may include base stations, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points (APs), or Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, etc.Among them, base stations can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), Access Point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Base Station, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) equipment (such as satellite or high altitude platform stations). The term "base station" can be any suitable term in the field, such as "station" or any other appropriate term in the relevant field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The term "base station" is not limited to specific technical terms. It should be noted that the embodiments of this application only use the base station in the NR system as an example for introduction, and do not limit the specific type of base station.

[0050] For ease of understanding, the following describes some aspects of the embodiments of this application:

[0051] I. A-IoT and A-IoT device types.

[0052] A-IoT is a new 3GPP IoT technology under investigation. Ambient IoT terminals feature ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption.

[0053] A-IoT is a type of IoT service. A-IoT devices (or A-IoT terminals) are powered through energy harvesting. These devices either do not have batteries or have limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using a capacitor). They feature low overall power consumption, including low-power signal reception and low-power signal transmission. Due to their low overall power consumption, the energy for communication can be derived from the environment, such as wind power, kinetic energy, heat energy, radio frequency (RF) signals, etc. A-IoT devices can also be called Ambient IoT, Passive IoT devices, or responder devices.

[0054] A-IoT devices can be classified based on factors such as energy source, energy storage capability, and whether they are passive or active transmitters, encompassing various device types:

[0055] Passive devices do not have independent signal generation / amplification capabilities and communicate through backscattering;

[0056] Semi-passive devices also belong to the broader category of passive devices. They possess energy storage but do not generate independent signals; they communicate through backscattering. The stored energy can be used to amplify the reflected signal.

[0057] An active device is a device that has energy storage and independent signal generation capabilities, meaning it contains active radio frequency components for transmission.

[0058] II. A-IoT transmission methods include:

[0059] Device-originated (DO): DO devices typically send various data, requests, or instructions, meaning they are initiated by the device itself.

[0060] Device-terminated (DT): DT devices typically receive instructions, data, or requests from other devices or systems, i.e., they are terminated to the device.

[0061] DO data indicates that the data stream originates from an A-IoT device (similar to an RFID tag). DT data indicates that the data stream is transmitted to an A-IoT device.

[0062] For data streams originating from A-IoT devices, they can be further categorized as follows:

[0063] Device Autonomous (DO-A): This means that A-IoT devices autonomously initiate data transmission.

[0064] Device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) means that A-IoT devices are triggered by reader devices such as base stations to initiate data transmission.

[0065] For example, asset identification, status reporting, and tracking are all DownLink (DL) triggered reports, where the Reader collects data from the tag by triggering an inventory procedure. Since the data is generated / initiated within the A-IoT device, this service should be considered as a DO service initiated by the tag and controlled by a Reader-side control command.

[0066] III. The main business types are: inventory and command issuance.

[0067] Inventory is the most basic and important business of A-IoT, used to enable A-IoT servers to learn about one or more known or unknown A-IoT devices within the Reader's coverage area via the 3GPP network.

[0068] After recognizing that an A-IoT device has been identified by the network, the A-IoT server can issue commands to the device via the 3GPP network, specifically including:

[0069] Read: Retrieving information from a specific location in the tag's storage;

[0070] Write: Write information into the tag's storage;

[0071] Kill: The tag will no longer respond to any reader and can no longer be used.

[0072] IV. Basic A-IoT Communication.

[0073] The process includes the following steps:

[0074] Step A: A-IoT Paging. Based on the A-IoT service request, the reader sends a paging message to indicate which device needs to respond.

[0075] Step B: Random Access. The instructed device performs a random access procedure, which can be a contention-based random access procedure or a contention-free random access procedure, and finally transmits the device identifier to the reader.

[0076] Step C: Possible interaction of commands and responses after random access:

[0077] Step C1: Possible R2D transmission, where the reader is used for transmission of higher-level data (which may also include command instructions) after access.

[0078] Step C2: Possible D2R transmission, which the device uses in response to an R2D transmission, or a transmission initiated by the device itself.

[0079] V. Connection Topology.

[0080] Topology 1: such as Figure 2A As shown, A-IoT BS and small base stations coexist at the same location. The BS sends R2D messages to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device performs backscattering, i.e., transmits D2R messages to the BS.

[0081] Topology 2: such as Figure 2B As shown, the A-IoT BS and the large base station coexist at the same location, with the indoor UE acting as an intermediate node. The BS controls the UE through air interface signaling. The UE sends R2D messages to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device performs backscattering, i.e., D2R message transmission to the UE. The UE then forwards the A-IoT device's response to the BS through the air interface.

[0082] Optionally, the Rel-19 A-IoT Wireless Interconnect (WI) supports Device-to-Reader (D2R) transmission using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). This means that different devices can occupy different frequency domain resources simultaneously to send D2R transmissions, improving inventory efficiency and reducing latency. The Rel-19 A-IoT WI does not support FDM-based R2D transmission because passive devices typically only support RF envelope detectors and lack RF band-pass filters (BPF), intermediate frequency (IF) filters, or zero-forcing (ZF) filters, thus failing to achieve filtering of some frequency domain resources within the A-IoT system's frequency band. Furthermore, due to the large bandwidth of the passive device's matching network, even if the transmission bandwidth for R2D transmission is small, such as 1 to 4 Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), the A-IoT system still needs to reserve a significant amount of bandwidth to prevent signals from other systems from falling within the device's RF envelope detector bandwidth and causing interference. For example, the base station cannot transmit NR signals and A-IoT R2D signals (FDM) on all PRBs within a 20MHz bandwidth.

[0083] In future A-IoT systems, more powerful devices can be considered, employing IF envelope detectors or zero-intermediate-frequency (ZIF) receiver architectures. Devices can use IF or baseband filters to filter out portions of the frequency domain resources within the A-IoT system bandwidth before performing envelope detection, preventing interference caused by signals from other frequency domain resources within the system bandwidth falling into the envelope detector. Therefore, it can support the transmission of multiple R2D signals in FDM form within the A-IoT system bandwidth (e.g., four R2D signals simultaneously transmitted within the A-IoT system bandwidth but occupying different frequency subbands), and A-IoT transmissions can be transmitted in FDM form with NR signals. For example, within the 20MHz system bandwidth of NR, R2D transmissions can flexibly occupy N1 PRBs, while NR signals occupy the remaining N2 PRBs. Devices can filter out the R2D signals on the corresponding PRBs by adjusting the receiving filter. This improves the transmission efficiency of the A-IoT system, reduces latency, and better supports the flexible coexistence of NR and A-IoT systems. Therefore, the transmission processing method proposed in this application is presented.

[0084] The transmission processing method provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0085] Reference Figure 3 This application provides a transmission processing method, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the transmission processing method includes:

[0086] Step 301: The communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0087] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0088] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0089] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0090] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0091] The state of the time window or timer.

[0092] In this embodiment, the communication device can be either a Reader or a Device, without further limitation. The Device can be referred to as an A-IoT device. For example, the Reader determines the frequency domain resources for the first data and can transmit the first data (e.g., transmit R2D transmission) within the determined frequency domain resources; the Device determines the frequency domain resources for the first data and can receive the first data (e.g., receive R2D transmission) within the determined frequency domain resources. The first R2D transmission can be understood as a frequency-division multiplexed R2D transmission. For example, the Reader can simultaneously transmit multiple R2D transmissions using FDM on different frequency domain resources within the A-IoT system bandwidth, within the same time resource.

[0093] Optionally, the R2D transmission in the embodiments of this application can be understood or replaced as an R2D signal or channel. For example, the R2D transmission may include a preamble, or it may include a preamble and a channel carrying the R2D transmission (or called a Physical R2D Channel, PRDCH). The PRDCH can carry various R2D messages.

[0094] Optionally, the aforementioned first data may include, but is not limited to, PRDCH in R2D transmission.

[0095] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the frequency domain resources of the first data can be determined based on one or more of the first information. For example, the frequency domain resources of the first data can be determined based solely on the type of the first R2D transmission or the first indication information, or the frequency domain resources of the first data can be determined by combining the type of the first R2D transmission and the first indication information. No further limitations are made here.

[0096] In this embodiment, the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined by the communication device based on first information. The first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission. The first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, where the second information includes at least one of the following: first indication information for indicating frequency domain resources; resources of the second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D; resources of the device-to-reader D2R transmission preceding the first R2D; and the state of a time window or timer. Thus, by clearly determining the frequency domain resources of the first data in the R2D transmission, multiple R2D transmissions can be supported via FDM transmission, or R2D transmissions combined with NR signals via FMD transmission. Therefore, this embodiment reduces the latency of the R2D transmission.

[0097] Optionally, in some embodiments, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, including:

[0098] When the first R2D transmission is a first type of R2D transmission, the communication device determines the predefined resources as the frequency domain resources of the first data;

[0099] In the case where the first R2D transmission type is the second type of R2D transmission, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the second information.

[0100] In this embodiment, the frequency domain resources of the first data can be determined by combining the R2D transmission type and the second information. Specifically, when the first R2D transmission is a first type of R2D transmission, the resources of the first data can be determined based on predefined resources; that is, the protocol can predefine the resource locations of the first type of R2D transmission. When the first R2D transmission is a second type of R2D transmission, the frequency domain resources of the first data can be further determined based on the second information.

[0101] Because different methods for determining frequency domain resources are defined for different types of R2D transmissions in this application embodiment, the flexibility of frequency domain resource determination for R2D transmissions is improved. At the same time, defining that the frequency domain resources for the first type of R2D transmission are determined based on predefined resources reduces signaling overhead.

[0102] Optionally, in some embodiments, the predefined resource satisfies any one of the following:

[0103] The predefined resources are located within any one or more sub-bands in the first bandwidth;

[0104] The predefined resources are located within a predefined subband or a predefined physical resource block (PRB) in the first bandwidth.

[0105] In this embodiment of the application, the predefined resource within any one or more subbands of the first bandwidth can be understood as sending or receiving within any bandwidth of the first type of R2D transmission.

[0106] The term "predefined resource" refers to a predefined subband or predefined physical resource block (PRB) within the first bandwidth, which can be understood as transmitting or receiving R2D transmissions of the first type on a specified subband or specified PRB within the first bandwidth. For example, the frequency domain location of the R2D transmission can be further determined based on predefined rules. Optionally, these predefined rules include, but are not limited to, determining the frequency domain location of the R2D transmission based on the purpose information triggering the R2D transmission.

[0107] Optionally, in some embodiments, the predefined resource is located within at least one subband of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including system bandwidth or channel bandwidth, and the method further includes any of the following:

[0108] The communication device transmits on-off keying (OOK) chips of the first data in at least one sub-band, wherein the information bits carried by the OOK chips in each sub-band are the same;

[0109] The communication device transmits OOK chips of the first data, wherein the frequency domain resources of each OOK chip occupy multiple sub-bands in the first bandwidth.

[0110] In this embodiment of the application, the above-mentioned OOK chip can be understood or replaced with OOK modulation symbol, and the above-mentioned transmission can be understood as receiving or sending.

[0111] Optionally, the fact that the information bits carried by the OOK chips in each subband are the same can be understood as the communication device transmitting the OOK chips of the first data in parallel within at least one subband.

[0112] Optionally, the fact that each OOK chip occupies multiple subbands in the frequency domain can be understood as the communication device transmitting the OOK chip of the first data in a wideband manner.

[0113] For example, when the communication device is a Reader, the Reader transmits the first R2D transmission in parallel across multiple subbands, where the information bits carried by the on / off keying OOK in each subband are the same. For example, the system bandwidth is divided into four subbands, and multiple OOK chips are generated in each subband. The information bits carried by the OOK chips in each subband are the same. For example, with four subbands, each subband in each OFDM symbol carries the same 2 bits of information. After sampling these 2 bits, an N1-point DFT is performed. Then, in the frequency domain, the N2 points of the N1-point DFT output signal are mapped onto the four subbands, i.e., mapped onto 4*N2 subcarriers. The N2 points of the same DFT output signal can be mapped onto the four subbands, i.e., the DFT output signal is repeated in the frequency domain, totaling 4*N2 points. Alternatively, the N2 points of different DFT output signals can be mapped onto the four subbands, totaling 4*N2 points.

[0114] Alternatively, the Reader transmits the first R2D transmission in the form of bandwidth, where the frequency domain resources of each OOK occupy the plurality of subbands. For example, each OFDM symbol carries 2 bits of information, which are upsampled and subjected to an N3-point DFT. Then, the N4 points of the N1-point DFT output signal are mapped onto N4 subcarriers in the frequency domain, where the N4 subcarriers include subcarriers of 4 subbands. In some embodiments, the plurality of subbands can be all subbands within the system bandwidth.

[0115] For example, when the communication device is a device, the device receives the first R2D transmission in parallel within the plurality of subbands, wherein the information bits carried by the on / off key control OOK chips in each subband are the same; or, the device receives the first R2D transmission in a wideband manner, without further dividing it into subbands within the receiving bandwidth. In some embodiments, the plurality of subbands can be all subbands within the system bandwidth.

[0116] Optionally, in some embodiments, during the R2D transmission within the first bandwidth, the Reader cannot simultaneously transmit other signals or channels.

[0117] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0118] Synchronization signal or channel;

[0119] Wake-up signal or channel;

[0120] A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling;

[0121] A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process;

[0122] A signal or channel of a preset type during a single upper-layer data transmission process;

[0123] A preset type of signal or channel during a paging process;

[0124] Channels or signals used for paging;

[0125] Preset R2D preamble.

[0126] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0127] A pre-defined periodic signal or channel;

[0128] Preset broadcast signal or channel.

[0129] In the embodiments of this application, the signal can be understood or replaced as the channel.

[0130] The synchronization signal or wake-up signal, for example, can be used to wake up the device, instruct the device to go to sleep, indicate discontinuous reception operation, or instruct the device to collect energy. This signal can be sent periodically as needed, once or multiple times within a cycle. Alternatively, the signal can be sent non-periodically.

[0131] For signals that are pre-defined to be sent periodically, such as signals that can be sent periodically on demand.

[0132] For a preset broadcast signal, it may be an R2D message similar to system information and / or an operation or energy harvesting signal used to indicate a discontinuous reception (DRX) or discontinuous transmission (DTX) operation.

[0133] For signals of a preset type in an inventory round or command round, such as paging messages in an inventory round or command round.

[0134] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the second type mentioned above can be understood as any type other than the first type.

[0135] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0136] The first frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D;

[0137] The second frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission of the first preset type preceding the first R2D;

[0138] The third frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent D2R transmission of the second preset type prior to the first R2D.

[0139] In this embodiment, the first preset type can be either the first type or the second type in the above embodiments, or a further subtype of the first type and the second type. The second preset type can be either the first type or the second type in the above embodiments, or a further subtype of the first type and the second type. For example, in some embodiments, the second R2D transmission of the first preset type includes at least one of the following:

[0140] Synchronization signal or channel;

[0141] Wake-up signal or channel;

[0142] Channels or signals used for paging;

[0143] A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling;

[0144] A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process;

[0145] Alternatively, the D2R transmission of the second preset type includes at least one of the following:

[0146] Message 1 during the random access process;

[0147] Message 3 during the random access process;

[0148] The device actively initiates D2R transmission using DOA (Device-originated autonomous).

[0149] Optionally, in some embodiments, the second frequency domain resource indication information is carried in a preset type of R2D message in the second R2D transmission of the first preset type;

[0150] The preset type of R2D message includes at least one of the following:

[0151] Paging messages;

[0152] Message 2 during the random access process;

[0153] Message 4 during the random access process;

[0154] The R2D message of message 1 in the scheduling random access process.

[0155] For example, the second frequency domain resource indication information may be carried only in a synchronization or wake-up signal, or in a paging message, or in a Msg2 message.

[0156] The following explanation uses the frequency domain resources of the first data indicated by the second frequency domain resource indication information as an example.

[0157] For example, the first data transmission is a paging message. The most recent R2D transmission of the first preset type is the most recent synchronization signal. The synchronization signal indicates the frequency domain resources of the paging message.

[0158] For example, the first data transmission is a Msg2 message during an inventory process, and the most recent R2D transmission of the first preset type is a paging message during this inventory process. The paging message indicates one or more Msg2 frequency domain resources.

[0159] For example, the first data transmission may be information other than paging during an inventory process, and the most recent R2D transmission of the first preset type may be the paging message during this inventory process. The paging information indicates the frequency domain resources of all R2D transmissions in this inventory process, such as indicating the subband in which they are located.

[0160] For example, the first data transmission is a Msg4 message during an inventory process, and the most recent R2D transmission of the first preset type is the most recent Msg2 message within the Msg4 messages. The Msg2 message indicates one or more frequency domain resources of Msg4.

[0161] For example, the first data transmission is an R2D transmission during the data transmission process after random access is completed, and the most recent R2D transmission of the first preset type is the last R2D message in the random access process, such as Msg4. The last R2D message in the random access process indicates the frequency domain resources of the first data transmission.

[0162] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first indication information is used to indicate any of the following:

[0163] Frequency domain resources for the next R2D transmission;

[0164] Frequency domain resources of all R2D transmissions within a time window;

[0165] Frequency domain resources of a group of R2D transmissions within a time window.

[0166] In this embodiment of the application, the information of the time window can be configured in a specific type of R2D transmission. The specific type can be a third preset type, that is, the information of the time window is configured in the third preset type of R2D transmission; wherein, the third preset type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: a synchronization signal or channel; a wake-up signal or channel.

[0167] Optionally, the third preset type may be the same as or different from the first or second preset type, without further limitation. In some embodiments, the R2D transmission of the third preset type includes at least one of the following: a preset periodic signal or channel; a preset broadcast signal or channel.

[0168] For example, in some embodiments, the aforementioned time window is the time interval between two adjacent synchronization signals. The frequency domain resources indicated by one synchronization signal apply to all R2D transmissions prior to the next synchronization signal.

[0169] For example, in some embodiments, the time window is the duration of an inventory / command round. A first indication message is sent at the beginning of an inventory / command round, during which the frequency domain resources for R2D transmission do not change.

[0170] For example, in some embodiments, the time window is an inventory / command round and the duration of an access phase or a data transmission phase.

[0171] Optionally, in some embodiments, a set of R2D transmissions may be of one or more specific types of R2D transmissions. This specific type may be the first type or the second type described above, or a subtype further subdivided from the first and second types.

[0172] For example, the paging message may contain the first indication information, indicating the frequency domain information applicable to all R2D messages sent by trigger message 1 (Msg1) in this inventory / commandround. As another example, the initial paging message may contain the first indication information, indicating the frequency domain information applicable to all subsequent paging messages in this inventory / commandround.

[0173] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first indication information satisfies at least one of the following:

[0174] The first indication information in different R2D transmissions is used to indicate the same frequency domain resources;

[0175] The first indication information used to indicate frequency domain resources of the same type of R2D transmission or the same group of R2D transmissions indicates the same frequency domain resources.

[0176] In the same device inventory or command polling, the first indication information transmitted by each R2D indicates the same frequency domain resource.

[0177] In this embodiment of the application, the first indication information used to indicate the same frequency domain resources for the same type of R2D transmission or the same group of R2D transmissions indicates the same frequency domain resources. For example, in an inventory / command round, the Reader can send multiple R2D transmissions for triggering Msg1. For example, the Reader sends the first R2D transmission at time t1, triggering the transmission of Msg1 in time slot n1 or time slot n1 to m1, and sends the second R2D transmission at time t2, triggering the transmission of Msg1 in time slot n2 or time slot n2 to m2. The indication information indicating the frequency domain resources of the two R2D transmissions must indicate the same frequency domain resources.

[0178] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first indication information in different R2D transmissions is used to indicate different frequency domain resources.

[0179] Optionally, to implement FDM between different signals, the first indication information transmitted by each R2D in the same device inventory or command polling can indicate the same frequency domain resources. Here, FDM between different signals can be understood as FDM between different Readers, or FDM between different inventory points initiated by the same Reader.

[0180] Optionally, in some embodiments, where the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the resources of the D2R transmission prior to the first R2D transmission, the first R2D transmission is a response to the D2R transmission.

[0181] In this embodiment of the application, when the first R2D transmission includes Msg2, the D2R transmission is Msg1; when the first R2D transmission includes Msg4, the D2R transmission is Msg3.

[0182] Optionally, the association between the frequency domain resources of the first R2D transmission and the frequency domain resources of the D2R transmission is agreed upon by the protocol or provided by a first message, the first message including any of the following: a paging message, an R2D message allocating resources of message 1, an R2D message allocating resources of message 3, or other broadcast or multicast messages other than the R2D message.

[0183] For example, in some embodiments, the first data is Msg 2, and the frequency domain resources of Msg2 are determined based on the frequency domain resources of Msg1 in response to Msg 2. The association between the frequency domain resources of Msg1 and Msg2 is determined through predefinition, or provided by a Paging message, an R2D message allocating resources to Msg1, or other types of broadcast or multicast messages.

[0184] For example, in some embodiments, the first data is Msg 4, and the frequency domain resources of Msg4 are determined based on the frequency domain resources of Msg3 in response to Msg 4. The association between the frequency domain resources of Msg4 and Msg3 is determined through predefinition, or provided by a Paging message or an R2D message (such as Msg2) allocating resources for Msg3.

[0185] Optionally, in some embodiments, when the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes resources of D2R transmission prior to the first R2D, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0186] The communication device determines that the frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as the frequency domain resources of the most recently received second R2D transmission;

[0187] The communication device determines that the frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as the frequency domain resources of the second R2D transmission of the same type that was recently received.

[0188] For example, the frequency domain resources of initial paging and subsequent paging are the same, or the frequency domain resources of the R2D messages transmitted by each triggerMsg1 are the same.

[0189] Optionally, in some embodiments, when the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes the state of a time window or timer, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, including any of the following:

[0190] In the event that the timer times out or fails, the communication device will determine the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the timer as the frequency domain resource of the first data;

[0191] When the time window stops operating, the communication device determines the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the time window as the frequency domain resource of the first data.

[0192] In this embodiment, the desired frequency domain resource can be understood as the frequency domain resource corresponding to a default frequency domain location or a preset frequency domain location. For example, the desired frequency domain resource is a preset sub-band or a preset PRB. In some embodiments, the preset frequency domain location may be predefined or indicated by a specific type of R2D transmission, such as by a synchronization signal or a wake-up signal.

[0193] Alternatively, the time window stopping can be understood as the current time exceeding the time window.

[0194] Optionally, when the timer times out / fails, or exceeds the time window, the device enters a sleep state. The device only listens to specific types of R2D transmissions, the frequency domain resources of which are located at preset frequency domain positions.

[0195] Optionally, in some embodiments, the frequency domain resources associated with the time window or timer can be set according to actual needs. For example, in some embodiments, the associated frequency domain resources satisfy at least one of the following:

[0196] Different runtime windows are associated with different frequency domain resources;

[0197] Timers with different timing durations are associated with different frequency domain resources;

[0198] Different trigger timers or time windows are associated with different frequency domain resources by signals or conditions.

[0199] To better understand this application, some examples are provided below.

[0200] In an R19 A-IoT system, at any given moment, a Reader can only transmit one R2D signal within the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. A Device attempts to receive one R2D signal within a given system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. However, in future A-IoT systems, a given system bandwidth / channel bandwidth can be divided into multiple frequency domain resource areas, for example, N sub-bands. At any given moment, the same Reader or different Readers can transmit R2D signals in different sub-bands, i.e., transmit multiple R2D signals using frequency division multiplexing (FDMA). Some Device types can simultaneously receive different R2D signals on N sub-bands. Some Device types receive one R2D signal at a time, for example, by selecting one sub-band from the N sub-bands according to certain rules, or by receiving the same R2D signal over a larger bandwidth, which may include N sub-bands. In this case, the Reader is required to transmit only one R2D signal within the larger bandwidth, such as the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The following examples illustrate a method for a device to receive one R2D signal at a time. This method can also be applied to simultaneously receiving different R2D signals from N subbands.

[0201] Example 1: Determination of frequency domain resources for a specific type (i.e., the first type) of R2D signal.

[0202] For a specific type of R2D signal, the frequency domain location where the device should listen can be predefined by a standard. A specific type of R2D signal includes at least one of the following:

[0203] A synchronization signal or wake-up signal, for example, a signal used to wake up the device or instruct the device to go to sleep. The signal may be sent periodically as needed, once or multiple times within a cycle. Alternatively, the signal may be sent non-periodically.

[0204] Specific periodically sent signals can be on-demand periodically sent signals. For example, before or during inventory counting, the Reader can periodically send synchronization signals, wake-up signals, or other broadcast messages over a period of time.

[0205] Specific broadcast signals, such as R2D messages similar to system information, for example, messages used to indicate DRX / DTX operation / energy harvest;

[0206] A specific type of signal in an inventory / command round, such as paging information or initial paging message in an inventory / command round;

[0207] Specific R2D preamble;

[0208] A preset type of signal during an inventory count or polling;

[0209] A signal of a preset type during a random access process;

[0210] A signal of a preset type during a single upper-layer data transmission process;

[0211] A preset type of signal during a paging process;

[0212] Signals used for paging.

[0213] For example, in some scenarios, a device may transition from an OFF state to an ON or sleep state. For instance, when the battery is low or depleted, the device enters the OFF state, and after charging, it can enter the ON or sleep state. The device needs to determine the frequency domain at which to listen for R2D signals, such as synchronization signals, wake-up signals, or paging signals.

[0214] In some scenarios, devices need to listen for synchronization or wake-up signals, or specific types of broadcast signals. These broadcast signals are typically transmitted in a predefined frequency range so that all devices can receive them.

[0215] In addition, before an inventory round begins, the Device needs to determine the frequency domain resources used to receive the first R2D signal of an inventory round, such as the frequency domain resources for receiving paging messages.

[0216] In one example, for a specific type of R2D signal, the device can assume that the R2D signal can be received in any subband of the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The device can filter out the signal from any subband and demodulate the R2D signal.

[0217] In one implementation, the Reader can transmit the R2D signal in parallel in each subband, such as... Figure 4A As shown. For example, the system bandwidth is divided into two subbands. When the reader generates the R2D signal, it performs two N1-point Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFTs) and then maps the output signals of the two DFTs to the two subbands in the frequency domain. Alternatively, when the reader generates the R2D signal, it performs one N1-point Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and then repeatedly maps the N1 points to the two subbands. The device can filter out the signal from either of these two subbands, thus demodulating the R2D signal.

[0218] Another implementation method is that the Reader can map the frequency domain signal of an R2D signal to multiple subbands, such as... Figure 4B As shown. For example, perform a DFT, and then map the output signal of this DFT to two subbands in the frequency domain. The device can filter out the signal from either of these two subbands, or demodulate the R2D signal.

[0219] For both implementations, the device can also set the filter bandwidth to be larger than the bandwidth of a single subband. For example, the filter bandwidth can be set according to the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The device can receive signals from two subbands through a single filter, then perform envelope detection and demodulate the R2D signal.

[0220] In practical implementation, while ensuring signal waveform quality, the bandwidth of the Reader's actual R2D signal transmission can be slightly less than the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The Device does not need to know the actual R2D transmission bandwidth; the Device only needs to receive the signal according to the subband assumption or the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth assumption.

[0221] Another example: for a special type of R2D signal, the device can assume that the frequency domain resources of the R2D signal are located within the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth, but the device does not need to know the specific location of the frequency domain resources. To avoid losing the frequency domain resources of the R2D signal, the device can set the filter bandwidth according to the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth, filter out the frequency domain signal of the entire system bandwidth / channel bandwidth, and then perform envelope detection. To ensure signal waveform quality, the bandwidth of the R2D signal actually transmitted by the reader cannot be too small; for example, it cannot meet the minimum bandwidth predefined by the standard.

[0222] To avoid interference, when the Reader transmits the special type of R2D signal within the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth, it cannot simultaneously transmit other signals. For example, if the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth is 12 PRBs, the Reader can transmit the R2D signal on F1 consecutive PRBs at any position within the 12 PRBs. The Device can filter out all 12 PRBs and perform envelope detection, thereby ensuring complete reception of the effective frequency domain components of the R2D signal.

[0223] Another example involves a specific type of R2D signal where the device attempts to receive it at a particular subband or PRB location. For instance, reception might be predefined at X PRB locations centered on the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The reader can transmit the R2D signal in all or some of these X PRBs. Optionally, the reader can transmit other R2D signals in other PRBs. To avoid interference, the device needs to set a filter based on the location of the X PRBs centered on the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth.

[0224] As an example, for a specific type of R2D signal, the device can assume that the R2D signal is located at a certain subband or PRB position within the system bandwidth / channel bandwidth. The device can determine the frequency domain position through blind detection.

[0225] During communication, if the Device misses some R2D signals or the Reader misses some D2R signals, the Device and Reader may have inconsistent understandings of the frequency domain resources of R2D signals for a subsequent period. However, as long as the frequency domain resources of the aforementioned specific types of signals are relatively determined, the Device can re-detect the signals on the correct frequency domain resources and add them to a new round of inventory or data transmission.

[0226] Example 2: Determine the frequency domain resources of the R2D signal based on the frequency domain resource indication information.

[0227] The frequency domain information of the Type 1 R2D signal is determined based on the indication information in the received Type 2 R2D signal. The indicated frequency domain information includes at least one of the following: subband locations / index; subband bandwidth; PRB location; PRB bandwidth.

[0228] The Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received synchronization signal, wake-up signal, specific broadcast signal, or specific R2D preamble. Alternatively, the Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received paging message from the same inventory / command round. Alternatively, the Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received R2D message that triggered Msg1. Alternatively, the Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received R2D Msg2 message. Alternatively, the Type 2 R2D signal is the last received R2D message during the random access process, such as Msg2 or Msg4, or the trigger Msg1 message (applicable to non-contention-based random access).

[0229] For example, a Type 1 R2D signal is a paging message, while a Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received synchronization signal, wake-up signal, or specific broadcast signal. Optionally, the paging message is an initial paging message or a subsequent paging message. Alternatively, a Type 1 R2D signal is a subsequent paging message, and a Type 2 R2D signal is an initial paging message received from the same inventory / command round. Optionally, if the Type 2 R2D signal does not indicate frequency domain resource information, then the frequency domain resources of the paging message are the same as those of the Type 2 R2D signal, or the frequency domain resources of the paging message are determined in the manner described in Embodiment 1, for example, the paging message is in a specific subband, or the paging message is a wideband transmission.

[0230] For example, a Type 1 R2D signal is the R2D signal of trigger Msg1, and a Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received synchronization signal, wake-up signal, or specific broadcast signal. Alternatively, a Type 2 R2D signal is the most recently received paging message or initial paging message from the same inventory / command round. Optionally, if the Type 2 R2D signal does not indicate frequency domain resource information, then the frequency domain resources of the trigger Msg1 R2D signal and the Type 2 R2D signal are the same, or it is considered to be a wide-band transmission.

[0231] For example, the R2D signal Msg2 of type 1, the R2D signal of type 2 being the most recently received synchronization signal, wake-up signal, or specific broadcast signal; or, the R2D signal of type 2 being the most recently received paging message or initial paging message from the same inventory / commandround; or, the R2D signal of type 2 being the trigger Msg1, where Msg2 contains at least one response from the triggered Msg1. Optionally, if the R2D signal of trigger Msg1 does not indicate frequency domain resource information for Msg2, then the frequency domain resources of Msg2 are the same as those of the R2D signal of trigger Msg1, or it is considered to be a wide-band transmission.

[0232] The information in Trigger Msg1 can be the same message as the paging message, or two separate messages. The above method applies to both cases.

[0233] Optionally, the frequency domain resource indication information in the Type 2 R2D signal applies to the Type 1 R2D signal within X time windows. For example, X = 1, and the length of the time window can be indicated or predefined, such as the period T of the synchronization signal or wake-up signal. If the device receives the first synchronization signal at time t, the first frequency domain resource information indicated in the synchronization signal applies to the paging messages within t+T. If the device does not receive the second synchronization signal at time t+T, the device does not determine the frequency domain resources of the paging information after time t+T based on the indication of the first synchronization signal. The device can determine the frequency domain resources of the paging information according to other methods, such as the method in Embodiment 1. For example, the default value of X is 1, but the Reader can update / modify the value of X through indication information. For example, if the device receives the first synchronization signal at time t, and the synchronization signal indicates X = 2, then the first frequency domain resource information indicated in this synchronization signal applies to the paging messages within t+2*T.

[0234] Optionally, the type 2 R2D signal may indicate one frequency domain resource or multiple frequency domain resources.

[0235] Optionally, if multiple frequency domain resources are indicated, the effective time windows of these multiple frequency domain resources are different and do not overlap. Each time window can be determined according to predefined rules. For example, if N1 frequency domain resources are indicated, the time windows are t+i*T to t+(i+1)*T, i = 0,…N1; or, the time windows are t+i*T / N1 to t+(i+1)*T / N1, i = 0,…N1. Alternatively, N1 frequency domain resources are indicated, and the effective time of each frequency domain resource is specified.

[0236] Optionally, if multiple frequency domain resources are indicated, these multiple frequency domain resources are applicable to different device groups. The device group information applicable to each spectrum resource can be indicated separately, such as Device ID or Devicegroup ID, Reader ID, inventory round ID, service type ID, etc.

[0237] Optionally, if multiple frequency domain resources are indicated, the multiple frequency domain resources are respectively applicable to different R2D message types. For example, two frequency domain resources are indicated, respectively applicable to paging and non-paging R2D signals.

[0238] Optionally, if multiple frequency domain resources are indicated, the multiple frequency domain resources are respectively applicable to multiple Msg 2. For example, Figure 5A As shown, the R2D message (i.e., the first R2D signal) transmitted by trigger Msg1 indicates two frequency domain resource information for the two Msg2 signals in FDM. The device determines which Msg2 frequency domain resource to receive Msg2 on based on its own Msg1 resources. For example, the first R2D signal schedules four Msg1 frequency domain resources and two Msg2 frequency domain resources. Therefore, the first two Msg1 frequency domain resources correspond to the first Msg2 frequency domain resource, and the latter two Msg1 frequency domain resources correspond to the second Msg2 frequency domain resource.

[0239] Optionally, if multiple frequency domain resources are indicated, these resources are respectively applicable to multiple R2D commands for data transmission. For example... Figure 5B In the R2D message of trigger Msg1, multiple frequency domain resource information is indicated for the write commands of two FDMs.

[0240] Optionally, the frequency domain resource indication information can be carried through physical layer control information or higher-layer information (such as a Media Access Control (MAC) header or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)). Alternatively, the frequency domain resource indication information can be carried through sequences, for example, through different R2Dpreamble sequences, or the synchronization signal can be carried using different sequences.

[0241] During communication, if the Device misses some R2D signals or the Reader misses some D2R signals, the Device and Reader may have inconsistent understandings of the frequency domain resources for subsequent R2D signals. For example, if the R2D message of the first trigger Msg1 in subband #1 indicates that the frequency domain resources for subsequent trigger Msg1 R2D messages are in subband #2, but the Device misses the R2D information of the first trigger Msg1, the Device will remain on subband #1 attempting to detect subsequent R2D signals, while the Reader will send subsequent R2D signals on subband #2. To enable the Device to return to the correct frequency domain resources for signal detection, a timer can be set. After the timer expires, the Device returns to a predefined frequency domain position to receive R2D signals. For example, the timer can be restarted each time an R2D signal is correctly received. Alternatively, the timer can be restarted each time a specific type of R2D signal is correctly received. If the timer times out, the device returns to a predefined frequency domain position to receive R2D signals. The predefined frequency domain position can be determined based on the frequency domain position of a specific type of signal. For example, the predefined frequency domain position may be the frequency domain position of a synchronization signal, a wake-up signal, a specific periodic signal, a broadcast signal, or the frequency domain position of a paging signal. In conjunction with Embodiment 1, the frequency domain positions of these signals can be uniquely determined. Optionally, if the timer times out, the device enters a sleep state. In the sleep state, the device can listen to specific types of signals, such as synchronization signals or wake-up signals. In conjunction with Embodiment 1, the frequency domain positions of these signals can be uniquely determined.

[0242] This application's embodiments improve system resource efficiency and reduce latency by supporting FDM transmission of multiple R2D signals, or FDM transmission of R2D and NR signals. By dynamically indicating frequency domain resources and combining them with fixed frequency domain resources for certain specific signal types, flexibility is provided while ensuring system robustness.

[0243] The transmission processing method provided in this application can be executed by a transmission processing device. This application uses an example of a transmission processing device executing the transmission processing method to illustrate the transmission processing device provided in this application.

[0244] This application provides a transmission processing apparatus. As an example, the transmission processing apparatus may be a communication device or a component within a communication device, such as a chip. The communication device may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device may include, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0245] The transmission processing device includes a receiving module, a transmitting module, and a processing module. These modules can be implemented in software or hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing module can be implemented by a processor. For example, the processor can include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, etc., such as central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), artificial intelligence (AI) processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), network processors (NPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc. The receiving and transmitting modules can be implemented by a communication interface, which can include one or more of the following: transceivers, pins, circuits, buses, radio frequency units, etc.

[0246] For details, see Figure 6 The transmission processing device 600 includes:

[0247] Processing module 601 is configured to determine the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0248] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0249] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0250] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0251] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0252] The state of the time window or timer.

[0253] Optionally, the processing module 601 is specifically used for:

[0254] When the first R2D transmission is a first type of R2D transmission, the predefined resources are determined as the frequency domain resources of the first data;

[0255] In the case where the first R2D transmission type is the second type of R2D transmission, the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the second information.

[0256] Optionally, the predefined resource satisfies any one of the following:

[0257] The predefined resources are located within any one or more sub-bands in the first bandwidth;

[0258] The predefined resource is located within a predefined subband or a predefined physical resource block (PRB) in the first bandwidth.

[0259] Wherein, the first bandwidth is the system bandwidth or the channel bandwidth.

[0260] Optionally, the predefined resource is located within at least one subband of a first bandwidth, which includes system bandwidth or channel bandwidth. The transmission processing device 600 further includes a transmission module for performing any of the following:

[0261] The first data is transmitted in at least one sub-band, wherein the information bits carried by the OOK chip in each sub-band are the same.

[0262] The first data is transmitted in OOK chips, wherein the frequency domain resources of each OOK chip occupy multiple sub-bands in the first bandwidth.

[0263] Optionally, the first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0264] Synchronization signal or channel;

[0265] Wake-up signal or channel;

[0266] A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling;

[0267] A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process;

[0268] A signal or channel of a preset type during a single upper-layer data transmission process;

[0269] A preset type of signal or channel during a paging process;

[0270] Channels or signals used for paging;

[0271] Preset R2D preamble.

[0272] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0273] A pre-defined periodic signal or channel;

[0274] Preset broadcast signal or channel.

[0275] Optionally, the first indication information includes at least one of the following:

[0276] The first frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D;

[0277] The second frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission of the first preset type preceding the first R2D;

[0278] The third frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent D2R transmission of the second preset type prior to the first R2D.

[0279] Optionally, the second R2D transmission of the first preset type includes at least one of the following:

[0280] Synchronization signal or channel;

[0281] Wake-up signal or channel;

[0282] Channels or signals used for paging;

[0283] A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling;

[0284] A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process;

[0285] Alternatively, the D2R transmission of the second preset type includes at least one of the following:

[0286] Message 1 during the random access process;

[0287] Message 3 during the random access process;

[0288] The device actively initiates D2R transmission of DOA.

[0289] Optionally, the second frequency domain resource indication information is carried in a preset type of R2D message in the second R2D transmission of the first preset type;

[0290] The preset type of R2D message includes at least one of the following:

[0291] Paging messages;

[0292] Message 2 during the random access process;

[0293] Message 4 during the random access process;

[0294] The R2D message of message 1 in the scheduling random access process.

[0295] Optionally, the first indication information is used to indicate any of the following:

[0296] Frequency domain resources for the next R2D transmission;

[0297] Frequency domain resources of all R2D transmissions within a time window;

[0298] Frequency domain resources of a group of R2D transmissions within a time window.

[0299] Optionally, the information of the time window is configured in a third preset type of R2D transmission;

[0300] The third preset type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0301] Synchronization signal or channel;

[0302] Wake-up signal or channel.

[0303] Optionally, the first indication information satisfies at least one of the following:

[0304] The first indication information in different R2D transmissions is used to indicate the same frequency domain resources;

[0305] The first indication information used to indicate frequency domain resources of the same type of R2D transmission or the same group of R2D transmissions indicates the same frequency domain resources.

[0306] In the same device inventory or command polling, the first indication information transmitted by each R2D indicates the same frequency domain resource.

[0307] Optionally, if the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the resources of the D2R transmission prior to the first R2D transmission, the first R2D transmission is a response to the D2R transmission.

[0308] Optionally, the association between the frequency domain resources of the first R2D transmission and the frequency domain resources of the D2R transmission is agreed upon by the protocol or provided by a first message, the first message including any of the following: a paging message, an R2D message allocating resources of message 1, an R2D message allocating resources of message 3, or other broadcast or multicast messages other than the R2D message.

[0309] Optionally, when the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes resources from D2R transmissions prior to the first R2D, the processing module 601 includes at least one of the following:

[0310] The frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as those of the most recently received second R2D transmission;

[0311] The frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as those of the most recently received second R2D transmission of the same type.

[0312] Optionally, when the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes the state of a time window or timer, the processing module 601 is specifically configured to perform any of the following:

[0313] In the event of a timeout or failure, the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the timer will be determined as the frequency domain resource of the first data.

[0314] If the time window stops running, the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the time window is determined as the frequency domain resource of the first data.

[0315] The transmission processing device provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figure 3 The various processes implemented in the method embodiments achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0316] like Figure 7 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 700, including a processor 701 and a memory 702. The memory 702 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 701. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 701, they implement the various steps of the above-described transmission processing method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0317] This application embodiment also provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement, for example... Figure 3The steps in the method embodiment shown are illustrated. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above-described terminal-side method embodiment. All implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this terminal embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. The terminal can be... Figure 6 The transmission processing device shown. Specifically, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal to implement an embodiment of this application.

[0318] The terminal 800 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 801, network module 802, audio output unit 803, input unit 804, sensor 805, display unit 806, user input unit 807, interface unit 808, memory 809, and processor 810.

[0319] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terminal 800 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 810 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Figure 8 The terminal structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0320] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 804 may include a graphics processor 8041 and a microphone 8042. The graphics processor 8041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 806 may include a display panel 8061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 807 includes at least one of a touch panel 8071 and other input devices 8072. The touch panel 8071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 8071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 8072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0321] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 801 can transmit it to the processor 810 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 801 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 801 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0322] The memory 809 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 809 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 809 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 809 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0323] Processor 810 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 810 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 810.

[0324] The processor 810 is configured to determine the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission.

[0325] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0326] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0327] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0328] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0329] The state of the time window or timer.

[0330] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0331] This application embodiment also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement, for example... Figure 3 The steps of the method embodiment shown are illustrated. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the above-described network-side device method embodiment. All implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0332] Specifically, embodiments of this application also provide a network-side device, which can be... Figure 6 The transmission processing device shown. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the network-side device 900 includes: an antenna 901, a radio frequency (RF) device 902, a baseband device 903, a processor 904, and a memory 905. The antenna 901 is connected to the RF device 902. In the uplink direction, the RF device 902 receives information through the antenna 901 and transmits the received information to the baseband device 903 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 903 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the RF device 902. The RF device 902 processes the received information and transmits it through the antenna 901.

[0333] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiments can be implemented in the baseband device 903, which includes a baseband processor.

[0334] The baseband device 903 may, for example, include at least one baseband board on which multiple chips are disposed, such as... Figure 9 As shown, one of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 905 via a bus interface to call the program or instructions in the memory 905 to execute the network-side device operations shown in the above method embodiments.

[0335] The network-side device may also include a network interface 906, such as a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0336] The processor 904 is used to determine the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission;

[0337] Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0338] The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources;

[0339] Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D;

[0340] Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D;

[0341] The state of the time window or timer.

[0342] Furthermore, the network-side device 900 in this embodiment of the application also includes: a program or instructions stored in a memory 905 and executable on a processor 904, wherein the processor 904 calls the program or instructions in the memory 905 to execute. Figure 6 The methods executed by each module shown achieve the same technical effect, and to avoid repetition, they will not be described in detail here.

[0343] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described transmission processing method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0344] The processor mentioned above is either the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments or the processor in the network-side device. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0345] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described transmission processing method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0346] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0347] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which includes computer instructions. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described transmission processing method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0348] This application also provides a wireless system, including an A-IoT device and a reader. The A-IoT device can be used to perform the steps of the transmission processing method described above, and the reader can be used to perform the steps of the transmission processing method described above. The A-IoT device can be the terminal described above, and the reader can be a terminal or a network-side device.

[0349] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0350] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0351] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A transmission processing method, characterized in that, include: The communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission; Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources; Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D; Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D; The state of the time window or timer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, including: When the first R2D transmission is a first type of R2D transmission, the communication device determines the predefined resources as the frequency domain resources of the first data; In the case where the first R2D transmission type is the second type of R2D transmission, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the second information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The predefined resource satisfies any of the following: The predefined resources are located within any one or more sub-bands in the first bandwidth; The predefined resource is located within a predefined subband or a predefined physical resource block (PRB) in the first bandwidth. Wherein, the first bandwidth is the system bandwidth or the channel bandwidth.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The predefined resource is located within at least one sub-band of a first bandwidth, which includes system bandwidth or channel bandwidth, and the method further includes any one of the following: The communication device transmits the on / off keying OOK chip of the first data in at least one sub-band respectively, wherein the information bits carried by the OOK chip in each sub-band are the same; The communication device transmits OOK chips of the first data, wherein the frequency domain resources of each OOK chip occupy multiple sub-bands in the first bandwidth.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: Synchronization signal or channel; Wake-up signal or channel; A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling; A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process; A signal or channel of a preset type during a single upper-layer data transmission process; A preset type of signal or channel during a paging process; Channels or signals used for paging; Preset R2D preamble.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The first type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: A pre-defined periodic signal or channel; Preset broadcast signal or channel.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first indication information includes at least one of the following: The first frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D; The second frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission of the first preset type preceding the first R2D; The third frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent D2R transmission of the second preset type prior to the first R2D.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second R2D transmission of the first preset type includes at least one of the following: Synchronization signal or channel; Wake-up signal or channel; Channels or signals used for paging; A preset type of signal or channel in a single inventory or polling; A signal or channel of a preset type during a random access process; Alternatively, the D2R transmission of the second preset type includes at least one of the following: Message 1 during the random access process; Message 3 during the random access process; The device actively initiates D2R transmission of DOA.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second frequency domain resource indication information is carried in a preset type of R2D message in the second R2D transmission of the first preset type; The preset type of R2D message includes at least one of the following: Paging messages; Message 2 during the random access process; Message 4 during the random access process; The R2D message of message 1 in the scheduling random access process.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first indication information is used to indicate any of the following: Frequency domain resources for the next R2D transmission; Frequency domain resources of all R2D transmissions within a time window; Frequency domain resources of a group of R2D transmissions within a time window.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The information of the time window is configured in the third preset type of R2D transmission; The third preset type of R2D transmission includes at least one of the following: Synchronization signal or channel; Wake-up signal or channel.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The first indication information satisfies at least one of the following: The first indication information in different R2D transmissions is used to indicate the same frequency domain resources; The first indication information used to indicate frequency domain resources of the same type of R2D transmission or the same group of R2D transmissions indicates the same frequency domain resources. In the same device inventory or command polling, the first indication information transmitted by each R2D indicates the same frequency domain resource.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, If the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the resources of the D2R transmission prior to the first R2D transmission, the first R2D transmission is a response to the D2R transmission.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The association between the frequency domain resources of the first R2D transmission and the frequency domain resources of the D2R transmission is agreed upon by the protocol or provided by the first message. The first message includes any one of the following: a paging message, an R2D message allocating resources of message 1, an R2D message allocating resources of message 3, or other broadcast or multicast messages other than the R2D message.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, When the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes resources for D2R transmission prior to the first R2D, the communication device determines, based on the first information, that the frequency domain resources of the first data include at least one of the following: The communication device determines that the frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as the frequency domain resources of the most recently received second R2D transmission; The communication device determines that the frequency domain resources of the first data are the same as the frequency domain resources of the second R2D transmission of the same type that was recently received.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, When the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes the state of a time window or timer, the communication device determines the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, including any of the following: In the event that the timer times out or fails, the communication device will determine the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the timer as the frequency domain resource of the first data; When the time window stops operating, the communication device determines the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the time window as the frequency domain resource of the first data.

17. A transmission processing apparatus, characterized in that, include: The processing module is used to determine the frequency domain resources of the first data based on the first information, wherein the first data includes at least a portion of the content in the first reader-to-device R2D transmission; Wherein, the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission, or the first information includes the type of the first R2D transmission and second information, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information is used to indicate frequency domain resources; Resources transferred in the second R2D prior to the first R2D; Resources transmitted from the device to the reader via D2R prior to the first R2D; The state of the time window or timer.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that, The processing module is specifically used for: When the first R2D transmission is a first type of R2D transmission, the predefined resources are determined as the frequency domain resources of the first data; In the case where the first R2D transmission type is the second type of R2D transmission, the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the second information.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The first indication information includes at least one of the following: The first frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission preceding the first R2D; The second frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent second R2D transmission of the first preset type preceding the first R2D; The third frequency domain resource indication information carried in the most recent D2R transmission of the second preset type prior to the first R2D.

20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that, If the frequency domain resources of the first data are determined based on the resources of the D2R transmission prior to the first R2D transmission, the first R2D transmission is a response to the D2R transmission.

21. The apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, When the first information includes the second information, and the second information includes the state of a time window or timer, the processing module is specifically configured to perform any of the following: In the event of a timeout or failure, the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the timer will be determined as the frequency domain resource of the first data. If the time window stops running, the desired frequency domain resource or the frequency domain resource associated with the time window is determined as the frequency domain resource of the first data.

22. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions that can run on the processor, the program or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the transfer processing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

23. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the transmission processing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

24. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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