Method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication

Abstract

Various solutions for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) can receive at least one downlink signal. The at least one downlink signal can be associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). The UE can also determine a global synchronization channel number (GSCN) candidate range corresponding to the CSCN. The UE can also perform a synchronization operation based on the GSCN candidate range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to wireless communication, and more specifically to methods and apparatus for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication. Background Technology

[0002] Unless otherwise stated, the methods described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below, nor are they considered prior art simply because they are included in this section.

[0003] Wireless communication systems require user equipment (UE) to perform a synchronization procedure to obtain system information and establish or maintain communication with network nodes. The synchronization procedure typically involves searching for downlink reference signals at predefined frequency locations, based on which the UE aligns its timing and frequency with those of the network nodes.

[0004] As wireless technologies evolve towards wider operating bandwidths and more diverse deployment scenarios, the frequency resources used for transmitting synchronization signals have expanded significantly. Therefore, UEs may need to search through a large number of candidate frequency locations during synchronization, especially in scenarios where prior information is unavailable, such as during the initial access procedure or after a period of inactivity.

[0005] In many communication systems, frequency locations associated with synchronization are determined with relatively fine granularity to support flexible spectrum usage. While this fine granularity improves spectrum efficiency and deployment flexibility, it can also increase the complexity and duration of frequency domain search operations performed by the UE, leading to increased power consumption and access latency.

[0006] These challenges may be further exacerbated in emerging deployment environments, including systems operating over extended frequency ranges or supporting new mobility and coverage features. In such environments, lengthy synchronization processes can adversely affect user experience and system efficiency, not only during initial access but also during subsequent operational phases such as idle mode monitoring.

[0007] Therefore, improved synchronization techniques are needed to achieve efficient reduction of the frequency search space while maintaining compatibility with existing signal structures and supporting a variety of operating scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The following abstract is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be restrictive. That is, the abstract aims to introduce the concepts, key points, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Detailed descriptions will follow. Therefore, the following abstract is not intended to identify the essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor to determine its scope.

[0009] One objective of this disclosure is to propose schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods, and apparatuses related to multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication. It is believed that by implementing one or more of the schemes proposed herein, the aforementioned problems can be avoided or mitigated.

[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve a user equipment (UE) receiving at least one downlink signal. The at least one downlink signal may be associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). The method may also involve the UE determining a candidate range of global synchronization channel numbers (GSCNs) corresponding to the CSCN. The method may further involve the UE performing synchronization operations based on the candidate range of the GSCNs.

[0011] In one aspect, a method may involve a network node transmitting at least one downlink signal to a user equipment (UE). The at least one downlink signal may be associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). The method may also involve the network node transmitting information to the UE indicating a range of candidate Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) corresponding to the CSCN. The candidate range of the GSCNs can be used by the UE to perform synchronization operations.

[0012] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) may include a transceiver that wirelessly communicates with a network node during operation. The UE may also include a processor communicatively connected to the transceiver. During operation, the processor may perform operations including receiving at least one downlink signal via the transceiver. The at least one downlink signal may be associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). The processor may also perform operations including determining a candidate range of Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) corresponding to the CSCN. The processor may further perform operations including performing synchronization operations based on the candidate range of the GSCNs.

[0013] It is worth noting that although the description herein may be made in the context of certain wireless access technologies, networks, and network topologies (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5G, New Radio (NR), Internet of Things (IoT) and Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), B5G, and 6G), the proposed concepts, schemes, and any variations or derivatives thereof can be implemented in other types of wireless access technologies, networks, and network topologies. Therefore, the scope of the invention is not limited to the examples described herein. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this invention. The drawings depict embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is understood that, in order to clearly illustrate the concepts of the invention, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some components shown may be depicted at a scale greater than that in the actual embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario of synchronous grid blind detection in 5G NR.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating example scenarios of communication environments that can implement various solutions and schemes of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario of a master synchronization signal (PSS) cluster used for initial cell search, according to an implementation of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario of the relationship between the Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) and the Coarse Synchronization Channel Number (CSCN) according to an implementation of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario of a synchronization signal block (SSB) for initial cell search according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario for paging an idle PSS cluster according to an implementation of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example scenario for paging an idle SSB according to an implementation of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating an example communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating an example process according to an implementation of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating another example process according to an implementation of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This document discloses detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matter. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matter, which can be implemented in various forms. The invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these various exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that the description of the invention is comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following description, details of well-known features and technologies may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations.

[0026] Overview Embodiments of the present invention relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions for enhancing initial cell search in wireless communication. According to the present invention, multiple possible solutions can be implemented individually or in combination. That is, although these possible solutions may be described individually below, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.

[0027] In this disclosure, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network that provides communication services to user equipment (UE) by utilizing the radio frequency (RF) and information processing resources carried by high-, medium-, and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites or other high-altitude communication platforms. Based on the payload capabilities of the satellite, there are two typical scenarios: transparent payload and regenerative payload. In transparent payload mode, the satellite does not process the signals and waveforms in the communication service but only acts as an RF amplifier to forward data. In regenerative payload mode, in addition to RF amplification, the satellite also possesses processing capabilities such as modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, switching, and routing.

[0028] In 5G NR, blind detection of the synchronization grid is crucial for the initial cell search process. However, as mentioned earlier, in blind detection of the synchronization grid, the UE needs to perform blind scanning at dozens or even hundreds of possible frequency locations, which leads to a significant delay in the initial cell search process. This is particularly pronounced in scenarios such as low-orbit LEO NTN, where access time is more sensitive. Figure 1 Example scenario 100 of synchronous grid blind detection in 5G NR is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the Global Frequency Channel Grid defines a set of RF reference frequencies, which are used in signaling to identify the locations of RF channels, Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs), and other elements. Due to different subcarrier spacings, the location of the SSB is not fixed, but there is a finite set of possible locations within each frequency band, called the Synchronization Grid or Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) location (in...). Figure 1The locations are labeled GSCN P to P+98. To detect SSBs, the UE needs to perform sparse and specific searches at these possible locations. For example, if a network system uses three frequency bands, each with 100 GSCN locations, the UE needs to blindly detect SSBs by searching at these possible locations. That is, the UE may need to perform up to 300 searches. A disadvantage is that blind detection using a synchronous grid in traditional designs increases the latency of the initial cell search process (or initial access process).

[0029] In current 5G NR communication systems, the UE needs to perform a frequency search and synchronization process during the initial access phase to locate the SSB (Synchronization Frequency Block). In the current system, the Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) serves as the identifier for the synchronization frequency location, and the UE performs a blind frequency search based on the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) to detect the SSB. Because the GSCN has a fine granularity, with a minimum interval potentially as small as 50 kHz, a large number of candidate frequency locations may exist across a wide frequency band. As a result, when no prior frequency information is available, the UE may need to scan a large number of frequency locations, leading to increased initial access delay and power consumption.

[0030] To reduce the complexity of frequency domain blind search, some embodiments of this disclosure propose enhancing the synchronization process by introducing a coarser-grained synchronization channel number, such as a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN), which serves as a higher-level frequency index relative to the GSCN. Specifically, the UE can first receive at least one downlink synchronization or auxiliary signal transmitted at the CSCN granularity to determine the corresponding GSCN candidate range. Subsequently, the UE can perform subsequent synchronization operations within the determined candidate range to locate the target SSB. Through this two-stage synchronization mechanism based on CSCN-to-GSCN mapping, the number of frequency locations that need to be scanned during initial access can be significantly reduced.

[0031] Furthermore, certain embodiments of this disclosure introduce a Synchronization Assist Signal (SAS) as an auxiliary reference signal in addition to the existing Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). The SAS can be transmitted at the CSCN granularity and can carry synchronization assistance information, such as information for constraining the GSCN search range, information indicating the receive beam direction, or information for configuring the number of SSB or SSS / PBCH repetitions. Based on the synchronization assistance information carried by the SAS, the UE can further optimize its subsequent synchronization and reception behavior.

[0032] Some embodiments of this disclosure also cover non-initial access scenarios, such as paging procedures when the UE is in idle or inactive mode. In such scenarios, synchronization assistance may be provided by paging indication (PI) information instead of SAS. The PI information may be transmitted at CSCN or GSCN granularity and may carry paging assistance information to indicate whether the UE needs to receive paging control information or paging data at the corresponding paging time. The paging assistance information may also indicate the receive beam or reconfiguration used for paging reception.

[0033] Through the above synchronization process design, the UE can achieve progressive synchronization from coarse-grained frequency positioning to fine-grained synchronization and data reception, while supporting the transition from a wider to a narrower receive beam. The proposed scheme effectively reduces the complexity of blind frequency search during initial access and paging reception, shortens access delay, and improves synchronization and reception efficiency, making it particularly suitable for broadband deployments, satellite communications, and other non-terrestrial network scenarios.

[0034] Figure 2 Example scenario 200 of a communication environment is illustrated, in which various solutions and schemes of this disclosure can be implemented. Scenario 200 involves UE 210 communicating wirelessly with network 220 (e.g., a wireless network including NTN and terrestrial network TN) through terrestrial network node 222 (e.g., base station BS, such as evolved Node B eNB, next-generation Node B gNB, transceiver point TRP, relay, or gateway) and / or non-terrestrial network node 224 (e.g., satellite). For example, UE 210 communicates wirelessly with network 220 through a multi-granularity synchronization enhancement scheme. For example, in transparent payload mode, terrestrial network node 222 (e.g., BS) and non-terrestrial network node 224 (e.g., satellite acting as relay) can form an NTN serving cell to communicate wirelessly with UE 210. In regenerative payload mode, non-terrestrial network node 224 (e.g., satellite) can have all or part of the gNB functionality and can form an NTN serving cell to communicate wirelessly with UE 210, regardless of whether terrestrial network node 222 (e.g., BS) is involved. Alternatively, terrestrial network node 222 can form a TN serving cell to wirelessly communicate with UE 210. In such a communication environment, UE 210, network 220, terrestrial network node 222, and / or non-terrestrial network node 224 can implement various schemes for multi-granularity synchronization of wireless communication as described below in this disclosure. It is worth noting that although various proposed schemes may be described separately or individually below, in practice, some or all of the proposed schemes may be used or implemented in combination. Of course, each proposed scheme can also be used or implemented individually.

[0035] Figure 3 An example scenario 300 of initial cell search based on a primary synchronization signal (PSS) cluster according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, and Figure 4 This illustrates an example relationship between the Coarse Synchronization Channel Number (CSCN) and the Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN). For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, certain embodiments of this disclosure propose a synchronization procedure (Scheme 1) for initial cell search, which employs a two-stage synchronization mechanism based on CSCN and GSCN. In some implementations, in the first step, the User Equipment (UE) searches for possible frequency locations of the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) in the frequency domain with a predefined CSCN granularity to identify the corresponding CSCN (e.g., CSCN = N1). For subsequent secondary synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SSS / PBCH) multiplexing, the UE can determine whether the corresponding GSCN range falls within [N1, N1+1] or [N1-1, N1] based on predefined criteria. In the first step, the UE can utilize a wide receive beam for PSS reception. In some implementations, in the second step, the UE detects a Synchronization Assist Signal (SAS) at the same frequency location associated with the detected PSS and corresponding to the same CSCN, and decodes the synchronization assistance information indicated by the SAS. In some scenarios, the UE can also utilize a wide receive beam for SAS reception. The synchronization assistance information can be used to further constrain or narrow the GSCN candidate search range. In some implementations, in the third step, the UE searches for possible frequency locations for SSS / PBCH multiplexing within the candidate range corresponding to the CSCN at a predefined GSCN granularity (e.g., GSCN = P1), and decodes the system information indicated by the SSS and PBCH. During this stage, the UE can utilize a narrow receive beam for SSS / PBCH reception.

[0036] In some implementations, the CSCN indicates the coarse-grained frequency location associated with PSS and SAS transmissions, while the GSCN indicates the fine-grained frequency location associated with SSS / PBCH multiplexing. The SAS serves as a reference signal, used to indicate synchronization assistance information to assist the UE in subsequent synchronization procedures. In some scenarios, PSS and SAS are transmitted at the CSCN granularity and can be cell-specific or beam-specific. Figure 3 As shown, the synchronization process, including the first to third steps, demonstrates a CSCN-level search based on PSS and SAS, followed by a GSCN-level search based on SSS / PBCH. Figure 4 As shown, the relationship between CSCN and GSCN indicates that one CSCN can correspond to multiple GSCNs. By performing a coarse search at the CSCN level first, and then a fine search within the corresponding GSCN range, the number of frequency blind searches required by the UE during initial access can be significantly reduced. For example, instead of scanning approximately one thousand GSCNs, the UE can first scan approximately one hundred CSCNs, and then scan a small number of GSCNs (e.g., approximately ten), thereby effectively reducing synchronization search time and power consumption.

[0037] Figure 5 An example scenario 500 of initial cell search based on a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) according to an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. In some embodiments, an alternative synchronization method for initial cell search is proposed, referred to as Scheme 2, in which the SAS serves as a coarse-grained synchronization signal at the CSCN level, and the SSB, comprising the PSS, SSS, and PBCH, is considered a synchronization sub-unit at the GSCN level. According to Scheme 2, the synchronization procedure for initial cell search can be performed as follows. In some embodiments, in a first step, the UE searches for possible frequency locations of the SAS at a predefined CSCN granularity to identify the frequency location corresponding to the CSCN value (e.g., CSCN = N1). For subsequent SSB reception, the UE can determine, based on a predefined criterion, that the corresponding GSCN range falls within [N1, N1+1] or [N1-1, N1]. In this step, the UE can utilize a wide receive beam for SAS reception. In some implementations, in the second step, the UE searches for possible frequency locations of the SSB within the CSCN corresponding range [N1, N1+1] or [N1-1, N1] with a predefined GSCN granularity and identifies the GSCN value (e.g., GSCN = P1). Subsequently, the UE decodes the synchronization and system information indicated by the PSS, SSS, and PBCH contained in the SSB. In this step, the UE can utilize a narrow receive beam for SSB or SSS / PBCH multiplexing reception.

[0038] In some implementations, an example of a synchronization process including a first step and a second step is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. CSCN indicates the possible frequency location of SAS, with a coarser granularity; while GSCN indicates the possible frequency location of SSB, with a finer granularity. SAS serves as a reference signal, used to indicate synchronization assistance information to help the UE constrain the candidate frequency location for subsequent SSB reception. In some scenarios, SAS is transmitted at the CSCN granularity and can be cell-specific or beam-specific. In some implementations, the first step can be omitted. For example, when prior information or configuration exists, the UE can directly perform SSB reception and synchronization at the GSCN level without explicitly performing CSCN-level SAS detection. In Scheme 2, SAS is only used for CSCN-level synchronization, while PSS and SSB are considered as integrated synchronization sub-units corresponding to GSCN granularity. By first using SAS for coarse synchronization and then using SSB for fine synchronization within the constrained GSCN range, the UE can reduce the frequency domain blind search complexity during initial access while supporting a gradual transition from wide-beam reception to narrow-beam reception.

[0039] Figure 6An example scenario 600 of an idle mode paging procedure based on a PSS cluster according to an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. In some embodiments, a PSS cluster for idle paging is proposed, referred to as Scheme 3, which applies a multi-stage synchronization and paging decoding procedure based on CSCN and GSCN granularity. According to Scheme 3, the synchronization and paging decoding procedure in idle mode can be performed as follows: In some embodiments, in a first step, the UE searches for possible frequency locations of the PSS at a predefined CSCN granularity to identify the frequency location corresponding to the CSCN value (e.g., CSCN = N1). For subsequent paging control and / or paging data reception, the UE can distinguish whether the corresponding GSCN range falls within [N1, N1+1] or [N1-1, N1] based on a predefined standard. In this step, the UE can utilize a wide receive beam for PSS reception. In some embodiments, in a second step, the UE detects paging indication (PI) information at a location that is the same frequency location as the detected PSS and associated with the same CSCN value (e.g., CSCN = N1). Subsequently, the UE decodes the paging assistance information indicated by the PI. In this step, the UE may also utilize a wide receive beam for PI reception. In some embodiments, in the third step, the UE searches for possible frequency locations of paging control and / or paging data within the corresponding CSCN range [N1, N1+1] or [N1-1, N1] with a predefined GSCN granularity and identifies the GSCN value (e.g., GSCN = P1). Subsequently, the UE decodes the information indicated by the paging control and / or paging data. In this step, the UE may utilize a narrow receive beam for receiving paging control and / or paging data.

[0040] In some implementations, an example of a synchronization and paging decoding process including the first to third steps is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. CSCN indicates the possible frequency positions of PSS and PI, with a coarse granularity; while GSCN indicates the possible frequency positions of paging control and / or paging data, with a fine granularity. PI serves as a reference signal, used to indicate paging assistance information to help the UE constrain candidate frequency positions for paging reception. In some scenarios, PSS and PI are transmitted at CSCN granularity and can be cell-specific or beam-specific. In Scheme 3, the UE first uses the PSS cluster for coarse synchronization, then uses PI to decode paging assistance information, and finally receives paging control and / or paging data within the constrained GSCN range, thereby reducing the complexity of frequency domain blind search and supporting efficient transition from wide-beam reception to narrow-beam reception during idle mode paging.

[0041] Figure 7An example scenario 700 illustrates a procedure for idle-mode paging based on a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, an SSB method for paging in idle mode, referred to as Scheme 4, is proposed, which enables synchronization and paging decoding based on Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) granularity and using a narrow receive beam. According to Scheme 4, the synchronization and paging decoding procedure in idle mode can be performed as follows. In some embodiments, in a first step, the User Equipment (UE) searches for possible frequency locations of the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and / or Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) at a predefined GSCN granularity to identify the frequency location corresponding to the GSCN value (e.g., GSCN = P1). In this step, the UE can utilize the narrow receive beam to receive synchronization information associated with at least one of the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). In some embodiments, in a second step, the UE decodes paging control information and / or paging data transmitted at the identified GSCN frequency location. In this step, the UE can continue to utilize the narrow receive beam to receive paging control information and / or paging data.

[0042] In some implementations, examples of a synchronization and paging decoding process that includes a first step and a second step are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) indicates the possible frequency location of the SSB with finer granularity, and the SSB serves as the synchronization unit for idle-mode paging reception. In some scenarios, by performing synchronization and paging reception directly at the GSCN granularity using a narrow receive beam, Scheme 4 can efficiently perform paging decoding without relying on a separate coarse-grained synchronization stage.

[0043] In some implementations, a method for providing synchronization assistance information is proposed. More specifically, embodiment 5 introduces a mechanism in which a synchronization assistance signal (SAS) is used as a reference signal to transmit synchronization assistance information to the UE. According to embodiment 5, in some implementations, the SAS serves as a reference signal indicating synchronization assistance information that can be used by the UE in synchronization and / or subsequent reception procedures. Synchronization assistance information can be transmitted by using different SAS sequences and / or applying different mask sequences to the SAS sequences. In some scenarios, such sequence selection or masking enables the SAS to implicitly or explicitly transmit assistance information without introducing additional signaling overhead. In some implementations, the synchronization assistance information transmitted by the SAS may include at least one parameter listed in Table 1. For example, the synchronization assistance information may include satellite orbit information indicating a satellite orbit selected from one or more predefined tables. In some scenarios, this information helps the UE select a suitable synchronization assumption in non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments. In some implementations, the synchronization assistance information may also include UE receive beamforming indication information indicating the receive beam direction selected from predefined tables and / or predefined candidate beams. This type of information can facilitate efficient beam selection and beam refinement during synchronization or subsequent reception phases. In some implementations, the synchronization assistance information may also include the number of repetitions of the Subsynchronous Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SSS / PBCH) multiplexing, indicating the repetition configuration applied to the SSS and / or PBCH. Alternatively, the synchronization assistance information may also include the number of repetitions of the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), indicating the repetition configuration applied to the Synchronization Signal Block. In some scenarios, each of the above parameters may be represented using a small number of bits, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 bits, depending on the size of the corresponding predefined table or candidate set. By transmitting this type of synchronization assistance information via SAS, Scheme 5 enables the UE to reduce synchronization uncertainty, improve reception efficiency, and optimize synchronization behavior in various deployment scenarios.

[0044] Table 1: Synchronization auxiliary information carried by SAS.

[0045] In some implementations, a method for providing paging assistance information is proposed. More specifically, Scheme 6 introduces a mechanism in which paging indication (PI) information is transmitted to the UE as a reference signal. According to Scheme 6, in some implementations, the PI information serves as a reference signal to indicate paging assistance information that helps the UE determine paging reception behavior. Paging assistance information can be transmitted by using different PI sequences and / or applying different mask sequences to the PI sequences. In some scenarios, such sequence selection or masking enables the PI information to implicitly or explicitly indicate paging-related assistance information without introducing additional signaling fields. In some implementations, the paging assistance information carried by the PI information may include at least one parameter listed in Table 2. For example, the paging assistance information may include satellite orbit information indicating a satellite orbit selected from one or more predefined tables. In some scenarios, this information helps the UE predict paging timing or beam direction in non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments. In some implementations, the paging assistance information may also include UE receive beamforming indication information indicating a receive beam direction selected from predefined tables and / or predefined candidate beams. This type of information enables the UE to efficiently select the appropriate receive beam for paging reception. In some implementations, paging assistance information may also include the number of repetitions of paging control information and / or paging data, indicating the repetition configuration applied to paging transmission. In some scenarios, this repetition configuration information allows the UE to adjust its reception behavior to improve paging reliability. In some implementations, each paging assistance parameter may be represented using a small number of bits, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 bits, depending on the size of the corresponding predefined table or candidate set. By transmitting paging assistance information via PI information, Scheme 6 enables the UE to reduce paging uncertainty, improve reception efficiency, and optimize paging behavior in various deployment scenarios.

[0046] Table 2: Paging auxiliary information carried by PI information.

[0047] In some implementations, a primary synchronization signal cluster (PSS cluster) method for initial cell search is proposed. The synchronization procedure may include at least one of the following steps: searching for PSS frequency locations at a predefined coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN) granularity, detecting synchronization auxiliary signals (SAS) at the same frequency locations, and searching for secondary synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SSS / PBCH) multiplexing frequency locations within a specified CSCN range. The UE may receive the PSS and SAS using a wide receive beam and the SSS / PBCH multiplexing using a narrow receive beam. In some implementations, a synchronization signal block (SSB) method for initial cell search is proposed. The synchronization procedure includes one of the following steps: searching for SAS frequency locations at a predefined CSCN granularity, and searching for SSB frequency locations within a specified CSCN range. The UE may receive the SAS using a wide receive beam and the SSB using a narrow receive beam. In some implementations, a primary synchronization signal cluster (PSS cluster) method for paging idle mode is proposed. The synchronization and paging decoding process may include at least one of the following steps: searching for PSS frequency locations at a predefined CSCN granularity, detecting paging indication (PI) information at the same frequency location, and searching for paging control / data frequency locations within a specified CSCN range. The UE may use a wide receive beam to receive PSS and PI, and a narrow receive beam to receive paging control / data.

[0048] In some implementations, a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) method for paging idle mode is proposed. The synchronization and paging decoding process may include at least one of the following steps: searching for the PSS / SSB frequency location at a predefined GSCN granularity, and decoding the information indicated by paging control / data. The UE can utilize a narrow receive beam to receive SSS / PBCH multiplexing and paging control / data. In some implementations, a method for synchronization assistance information is proposed. SAS can be used as a reference signal to indicate synchronization assistance information. Synchronization assistance information may include at least one of the following: satellite orbit information, UE receive beamforming indication information, SSS / PBCH multiplexing repetition count information, and SSB repetition count. In some implementations, a method for paging assistance information is proposed. PI information can be used as a reference signal to indicate paging assistance information. Paging assistance information may include at least one of the following: satellite orbit information, UE receive beamforming indication information, and paging control / data repetition count.

[0049] In some implementations, the synchronization scheme method may relate to at least one of the following issues: In some implementations, it may include the use of a primary synchronization signal cluster (PSS cluster) for initial cell search. In some implementations, the UE may search for possible frequency locations of the PSS at a predefined CSCN granularity. In some implementations, the UE may utilize a wide receive beam to receive the PSS. In some implementations, the method may further include detecting the SAS at the same frequency location of the PSS. In some implementations, the UE may decode synchronization assistance information indicated by the SAS. In some implementations, the method may further include searching for SSS / PBCH multiplexing frequency locations within a specified CSCN range. In some implementations, the UE may utilize a narrow receive beam to receive SSS / PBCH multiplexing.

[0050] In some implementations, the method may include the use of a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) for initial cell search. In some implementations, the UE may search for possible frequency locations of the SAS at a predefined CSCN granularity. In some implementations, the UE may utilize a wide receive beam to receive the SAS. In some implementations, the method may further include searching for SSB frequency locations within a specified CSCN range. In some implementations, the UE may decode information indicated by the PSS, SSS, and PBCH.

[0051] In some implementations, the use of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) cluster for paging idle data may be included. In some implementations, the user equipment (UE) may search for possible frequency locations of the PSS for paging control / data information at a predefined coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN) granularity. In some implementations, the method may further include detecting paging indication (PI) information at the same frequency location of the PSS. In some implementations, the UE may decode paging assistance information indicated by the PI.

[0052] In some implementations, the use of a synchronization signal block (SSB) for paging idle may be included. In some implementations, the UE may search for possible frequency locations of the PSS / SSB at a predefined global synchronization channel number (GSCN) granularity. In some implementations, the UE may decode information indicated by paging control / data.

[0053] Some implementations introduce a novel coarse-grained frequency indexing mechanism called CSCN, combining CSCN with GSCN to form a two-stage synchronization and frequency positioning framework. Synchronization can begin at the CSCN level and then be refined at the GSCN level. By employing this hierarchical synchronization method based on CSCN and GSCN, the number of frequency locations that the UE needs to blindly search during initial access and subsequent synchronization can be significantly reduced. In this framework, different reference signals can be associated with different granularity levels. For example, PSS and synchronization assisted signal (SAS) can be associated with the CSCN granularity, while SSB can be associated with a finer GSCN granularity, thus enabling a multi-stage and multi-granularity synchronization process. In some scenarios, SAS can serve as an additional synchronization reference signal, configured to carry synchronization assistance information, such as at least one of receive beam indication information, repetition configuration information, and satellite orbit information, to further constrain the GSCN candidate range and accelerate synchronization. Furthermore, the proposed scheme supports the coordinated use of wide and narrow beams. For example, a wide beam can be used during the initial synchronization phase to ensure coverage, while a narrow beam can be selected in subsequent phases based on indicated information to improve reception efficiency. In certain connected, idle, or re-access scenarios, the UE can directly utilize previously known narrow beam information, skipping certain synchronization processes based on wide beams. Compared to traditional New Radio (NR) systems that primarily use wide beams for synchronization without progressive refinement, the proposed synchronization mechanism based on CSCN and GSCN, combined with SAS and related indication signaling, can achieve multi-stage, granular, and beam-aware synchronization. Therefore, the number of blind frequency searches performed by the UE can be significantly reduced, for example, from approximately one thousand to approximately one hundred. The proposed scheme is particularly suitable for non-terrestrial network (NTN) and satellite communication scenarios, where efficient beam alignment and rapid synchronization are crucial.

[0054] Illustrative Examples Figure 8 An example communication system 800 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, the system including an example communication device 810 and an example network device 820. The communication device 810 and the network device 820 can perform various functions to implement the schemes, techniques, processes and methods related to multi-granularity synchronization enhancement described herein, including the above-described scenarios / schemes and the processes 900 and 1000 described below.

[0055] The communication device 810 may be part of an electronic device, such as a user equipment (UE), including portable or mobile devices, wearable devices, wireless communication devices, or computing devices. For example, the communication device 810 may be implemented in a smartphone, smartwatch, personal digital assistant, electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, digital camera, or computing device such as a tablet, laptop, or notebook computer. The communication device 810 may also be part of a machine-type device, such as an Internet of Things (IoT), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device, Bluetooth Low Energy (BL), or consumer electronics (CE) user equipment (UE), including fixed or stationary devices, home devices, roadside units (RSUs), wired communication devices, or computing devices. For example, the communication device 810 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, smart refrigerator, smart door lock, wireless speaker, or home control center. Alternatively, the communication device 810 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processors, or one or more Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processors. The communication device 810 may include... Figure 8 At least some of the components shown, such as processor 812. Communication device 810 may also include one or more other components unrelated to the proposed solutions of this disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device, and / or user interface device), therefore, for simplicity and brevity, Figure 8 Such components of the communication device 810 are not shown and are not described below.

[0056] Network device 820 may be part of a network device, which may be a network node, such as a satellite, base station (BS), cell, router, or gateway in a 4G / 5G / B5G / 6G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT, IIoT, or NTN network. For example, network device 820 may be implemented in an eNB / gNB / TRP in a satellite or 4G / 5G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT, IIoT, or NTN network. Alternatively, network device 820 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) or Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processors. Network device 820 may include... Figure 8 At least some components are shown, such as processor 822. Network device 820 may also include one or more other components unrelated to the scheme of this disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device, and / or user interface device); therefore, for simplicity and brevity, Figure 8 Such components of network device 820 are not shown and are not described below.

[0057] In one aspect, processors 812 and 822 may be implemented as one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) or Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processors. That is, although the singular term "processor" is used herein to refer to processors 812 and 822, each of processors 812 and 822 may include multiple processors, or in other implementations may include a single processor, according to the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processors 812 and 822 may be implemented in hardware (and optionally firmware) in which electronic components include, for example, but not limited to, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors, and / or one or more transformers, configured and arranged to achieve a specific purpose according to the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processors 812 and 822 is a dedicated machine specifically designed, arranged, and configured to perform a specific task, contained in a device (e.g., represented by communication device 810) and a network node (e.g., represented by network device 820).

[0058] In some embodiments, the communication device 810 may further include a transceiver 816 coupled to the processor 812, capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some embodiments, the transceiver 816 may be capable of wireless communication with wireless networks of different types of UEs and / or different radio access technologies (RATs). In some embodiments, the transceiver 816 may be equipped with multiple antenna ports (not shown), such as four antenna ports. That is, the transceiver 816 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication. In some embodiments, the network device 820 may further include a transceiver 826 coupled to the processor 822. The transceiver 826 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some embodiments, the transceiver 826 may be capable of wireless communication with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some embodiments, the transceiver 826 may be equipped with multiple antenna ports (not shown), such as four antenna ports. In other words, transceiver 826 can be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for beamforming and MIMO wireless communication.

[0059] In some embodiments, the communication device 810 may further include a memory 814 coupled to and accessible by the processor 812 for storing data. In some embodiments, the network device 820 may further include a memory 824 coupled to and accessible by the processor 822 for storing data. Each of the memories 814 and 824 may include a random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and / or zero-capacitance RAM (Z-RAM). Alternatively, each of the memories 814 and 824 may include a read-only memory (ROM), such as a mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). Alternatively, each of the memories 814 and 824 may include a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and / or phase-change memory.

[0060] Each of the communication device 810 and the network device 820 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other in accordance with various proposed schemes of this disclosure. For illustrative purposes only and without limitation, the following describes the capabilities of the communication device 810 as a user equipment (UE) and the network device 820 as a network node in conjunction with procedures 900 and 1000.

[0061] Example Process Figure 9 An example flow 900 according to an implementation of this disclosure is shown. Flow 900 can be an example implementation of the aforementioned scenario / scheme, whether partial or complete, for enhancements to the initial cell search in wireless communication. Flow 900 can represent one aspect of the functional implementation of communication device 810. Flow 900 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions from blocks 910 to 930. Although shown as discrete blocks, the individual blocks of flow 900 can be divided into more blocks, merged into fewer blocks, or omitted, depending on the desired implementation. Furthermore, the blocks of flow 900 can be arranged according to... Figure 9 The process 900 may be executed in the order shown in the diagram, or in a different order. Process 900 can be implemented by communication device 810 or any suitable UE or machine type device. For illustrative purposes only and without limitation, process 900 is described below in the context of communication device 810 as a UE and network device 820 as a network node (e.g., gNB / satellite / TRP / relay). Process 900 may begin with block 910.

[0062] In block 910, process 900 may involve the processor 812 of communication device 810 receiving at least one downlink signal via transceiver 816. This at least one downlink signal is associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). Process 900 can proceed from block 910 to block 920.

[0063] In block 920, process 900 may involve processor 812 determining a range of candidate Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) corresponding to that CSCN. Process 900 can then proceed from block 920 to block 930.

[0064] In block 930, process 900 may involve processor 812 performing a synchronization operation based on the GSCN candidate range.

[0065] In some implementations, the synchronization operation can be used for initial cell search, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation may include the processor 812 detecting a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmitted at the CSCN granularity, and the processor 812 determining the GSCN candidate range based on the PSS. In some implementations, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving a synchronization assist signal (SAS) at a frequency location corresponding to the PSS, and the SAS being associated with the same CSCN, and the processor 812 refining the GSCN candidate range based on the synchronization assist information carried by the SAS.

[0066] In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving the PSS and the SAS using a first receiving beam, and the processor 812 receiving synchronization information associated with at least one of the subsynchronization signal (SSS) and the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) using a second receiving beam. The beamwidth of the first receiving beam may be greater than the beamwidth of the second receiving beam, and the synchronization information is received after the GSCN candidate range is determined. In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 performing a first synchronization phase using a PSS cluster associated with the CSCN granularity, and the processor 812 performing a second synchronization phase using synchronization information associated with at least one of the subsynchronization signal (SSS) and the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and associated with the GSCN granularity corresponding to the CSCN. The first synchronization phase and the second synchronization phase are associated with different receiving beamwidths.

[0067] In some embodiments, the synchronization operation can be used for initial cell search, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation may include receiving a synchronization assist signal (SAS) transmitted at the CSCN granularity by the processor 812, and determining a GSCN candidate range for receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB) based on the SAS. In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include receiving the SSB within the GSCN candidate range determined based on the SAS by the processor 812. The SSB may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), and is processed as a synchronization unit associated with the GSCN granularity.

[0068] In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving the SAS using a first receiving beam with a first beamwidth corresponding to the CSCN granularity, and the processor 812 receiving the SSB using a second receiving beam with a second beamwidth corresponding to the GSCN granularity. The first beamwidth may be greater than the second beamwidth. In some embodiments, the synchronization operation may be performed in an idle mode for paging, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation may include the processor 812 determining a GSCN candidate range for receiving at least one paging control information and paging data based on the master synchronization signal (PSS) transmitted at the CSCN granularity.

[0069] In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving paging indication (PI) information transmitted at a frequency location corresponding to the PSS and associated with the same CSCN, and the processor 812 determining, based on the PI information, whether to receive at least one of the paging control information and the paging data within the GSCN candidate range. In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving the PSS and the PI information using a first receiving beam with a first beamwidth corresponding to the CSCN granularity, and the processor 812 receiving at least one of the paging control information and the paging data using a second receiving beam with a second beamwidth corresponding to the GSCN granularity, wherein the first beamwidth is greater than the second beamwidth.

[0070] In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 decoding paging assistance information carried by the PI information. The paging assistance information instructs the UE to receive at least one of the paging control information and the paging data using a receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity. In some embodiments, the synchronization operation may be performed in an idle mode for paging, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation may include the processor 812 receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted at the GSCN granularity, and the processor 812 determining a paging timing for paging reception based on the SSB.

[0071] In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving the SSB using a receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity, and the processor 812 receiving at least one of paging control information and paging data using the receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity. In some embodiments, the execution steps of the synchronization operation may further include the processor 812 receiving the primary synchronization signal (PSS) using a first receive beam with a first beamwidth, and the processor 812 receiving at least one of the secondary synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SSS / PBCH), paging control information, and paging data using a second receive beam with a second beamwidth, wherein the first beamwidth is greater than the second beamwidth. In some embodiments, the at least one downlink signal may include a synchronization assist signal (SAS), which may carry synchronization assist information, and the synchronization assist information may be transmitted by at least one of using different SAS sequences and applying different mask sequences to the SAS sequences.

[0072] In some implementations, the synchronization assistance information carried by the synchronization assistance signal SAS may include at least one of the following: satellite orbit information indicating satellite orbits from a table; UE receive beamforming indication information indicating the receive beam direction from at least one of the table and candidates; and repetition configuration information indicating the number of repetitions of at least one of the subsynchronization signal SSS, physical broadcast channel PBCH, and synchronization signal block SSB. In some implementations, the at least one downlink signal may include paging indication (PI) information, which may carry paging assistance information, and the paging assistance information may be transmitted by at least one of using different PI sequences and applying different mask sequences to the PI sequences.

[0073] In some implementations, the paging assistance information carried by the PI information may include at least one of the following: satellite orbit information indicating the satellite orbit from the table; UE receive beamforming indication information indicating the receive beam direction from at least one of the table and candidates; and repeat configuration information indicating the number of repetitions of at least one of the paging control information and paging data.

[0074] Figure 10 An example flow 1000 of an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Flow 1000 may be an example implementation of the above-described scenario / solution, whether partially or entirely, for enhancements to the initial cell search in wireless communication. Flow 1000 may represent one aspect of the implementation of features of network device 820. Flow 1000 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as shown in blocks 1010 to 1020. Although shown as discrete blocks, the individual blocks of flow 1000 may be divided into more blocks, merged into fewer blocks, or omitted depending on the desired implementation. Furthermore, the blocks of flow 1000 may be arranged according to... Figure 10 The process can be executed in the order shown, or in a different order. Process 1000 can be implemented by network device 820 and any variant thereof. For illustrative purposes only and without limitation, process 1000 is described below in the context of communication device 810 as the UE and network device 820 as the network node. Process 1000 may begin at block 1010.

[0075] In block 1010, process 1000 may involve the processor 822 of network device 820 transmitting at least one downlink signal to communication device 810 via transceiver 826. This at least one downlink signal may be associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN). Process 1000 may continue from block 1010 to block 1020.

[0076] In block 1020, process 1000 may involve processor 822 sending information to UE via transceiver 826 indicating a range of Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) candidate ranges corresponding to the CSCN. This GSCN candidate range can be used by communication device 810 to perform synchronization operations.

[0077] Additional notes The topics described herein sometimes illustrate different components contained within or connected to other components. However, it should be understood that the multiple architectures depicted are merely examples, and many other architectures that implement the same functionality can actually be implemented. Conceptually, any arrangement of components that implement the same functionality is effectively “associated” to enable the desired functionality. Therefore, regardless of architecture or intermediate components, any two components combined in this document to achieve a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to enable the desired functionality. Similarly, any two components so associating can also be considered “operationally connected” or “operationally coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components so associating can also be considered “operationally connected” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operationally coupled components include, but are not limited to, physically mating and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactive components.

[0078] Furthermore, regarding any plural and / or singular terms used herein, those skilled in the art can, in light of context and / or application, convert them from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural where appropriate. For clarity, various singular / plural reciprocities may be explicitly stated herein.

[0079] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that, generally, the terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), are generally meant as “open-ended” terms; for example, the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “comprising but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “comprising but not limited to,” and so on. Those skilled in the art will also understand that if a specific number is intentionally listed in the appended claims, such intention will be explicitly listed in the claims, and the absence of such listing will not indicate such intention. For example, to aid understanding, the appended claims may include the use of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more.” However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that the introduction of the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular patent application containing such an introduced patent application listing to an implementation containing only one such listing, even when the same patent application listing contains the introductory phrase "a or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an," for example, "a and / or one" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more," this also applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce patent application listings. Furthermore, even when a specific number of introduced patent application listings are explicitly listed, those skilled in the art will recognize that such listing should be interpreted as meaning at least the number listed; for example, in the absence of other modifiers, an unobscured listing of "two listings" means at least two listings or two or more listings. Furthermore, when using a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C," those skilled in the art will understand the meaning of this convention, which generally means such interpretation (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B together, having A and C together, having B and C together, and / or having A, B, and C together). Those skilled in the art will also understand that any transitional words and / or phrases that actually indicate two or more options, whether in the specification, the claims, or the drawings, should be understood to mean that the possibility of including one, any one, or both of those options should be considered.For example, the phrase “A or B” would be understood as containing the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”.

[0080] As can be seen from the foregoing, it is understood that various embodiments of the invention have been described herein for illustrative purposes, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, the various embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, and the true scope and spirit are determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication, comprising: The user equipment (UE) receives at least one downlink signal, wherein, The at least one downlink signal is associated with the coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN); Based on this UE, determine the candidate range of the Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) corresponding to this CSCN; as well as The UE performs synchronization operations based on the candidate range of the GSCN.

2. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization operation is performed for the initial cell search, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation include: The UE detects the primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmitted at the CSCN granularity; and The UE determines the candidate range of the GSCN based on the PSS.

3. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 2, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives a synchronization assist signal SAS at a frequency location corresponding to the PSS, and the SAS is associated with the same CSCN; and Based on the synchronization assistance information carried by the SAS, the UE refines the GSCN candidate range.

4. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 3, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives the PSS and the SAS using the first receiving beam; and The UE uses a second receive beam to receive synchronization information associated with at least one of the subsynchronization signal SSS and the physical broadcast channel PBCH, wherein the beamwidth of the first receive beam is greater than the beamwidth of the second receive beam, and the synchronization information is received after the GSCN candidate range is determined.

5. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The execution step of this synchronization operation further includes: The UE performs the first synchronization phase using the PSS cluster associated with the CSCN granularity; and The UE performs a second synchronization phase using synchronization information associated with at least one of the subsynchronization signal SSS and the physical broadcast channel PBCH and associated with the GSCN granularity corresponding to the CSCN, wherein the first synchronization phase and the second synchronization phase are associated with different receive beamwidths.

6. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization operation is performed for the initial cell search, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation include: The UE receives the Synchronization Assist Signal (SAS) transmitted at the CSCN granularity; and The UE determines the GSCN candidate range for receiving the synchronization signal block SSB based on the SAS.

7. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The execution step of this synchronization operation further includes: The UE receives the SSB within the GSCN candidate range determined based on the SAS, wherein the SSB includes the primary synchronization signal PSS, the secondary synchronization signal SSS, and the physical broadcast channel PBCH, and processes the SSB as a synchronization unit associated with the GSCN granularity.

8. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 6, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives the SAS using a first receive beamwidth corresponding to the first beamwidth of the CSCN granularity; and The UE receives the SSB using a second receive beam with a second beamwidth corresponding to the GSCN granularity, wherein the first beamwidth is greater than the second beamwidth.

9. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization operation is performed in idle mode used for paging, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation include: The UE determines the GSCN candidate range for receiving at least one paging control information and paging data based on the primary synchronization signal PSS transmitted at the CSCN granularity.

10. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 9, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives paging indication (PI) information transmitted at the frequency location corresponding to the PSS and associated with the same CSCN; and The UE determines, based on the PI information, whether to receive at least one of the paging control information and the paging data within the GSCN candidate range.

11. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 10, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives the PSS and PI information using a first receive beamwidth corresponding to the CSCN granularity; and The UE receives at least one of the paging control information and the paging data using a second receiving beamwidth corresponding to the second beamwidth of the GSCN granularity, wherein the first beamwidth is greater than the second beamwidth.

12. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 10, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE decodes the paging assistance information carried by the PI information, wherein the paging assistance information instructs the UE to receive at least one of the paging control information and the paging data using a receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity.

13. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization operation is performed in idle mode used for paging, and the execution steps of the synchronization operation include: The UE receives the synchronization signal block SSB transmitted at the GSCN granularity; and The UE determines the paging timing for paging reception based on the SSB.

14. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 13, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives the SSB using the receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity; and The UE receives at least one paging control information and paging data using the receive beam associated with the GSCN granularity.

15. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 14, characterized in that, This synchronization operation further includes the following steps: The UE receives the primary synchronization signal (PSS) using a first receive beam with a first beamwidth; and The UE uses a second receive beam with a second beamwidth to receive at least one of a subsynchronization signal / physical broadcast channel, paging control information, and paging data, wherein the first beamwidth is greater than the second beamwidth.

16. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one downlink signal includes a synchronization assist signal (SAS), wherein the SAS carries synchronization assist information, and the synchronization assist information is transmitted in at least one of the following ways: Using different SAS sequences; and Apply different mask sequences to SAS sequences.

17. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The synchronization auxiliary information carried by the SAS includes at least one of the following: Satellite orbit information, indicating the satellite orbits from the table; The UE receives beamforming indication information, indicating the direction of the received beam from at least one of the table and candidates; and The repeat configuration information indicates the number of times at least one of the subsynchronization signal, physical broadcast channel, and synchronization signal block is repeated.

18. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one downlink signal includes paging indication (PI) information, wherein the PI information carries paging assistance information, and the paging assistance information is transmitted through at least one of the following: Using different PI sequences; and Different mask sequences are applied to the PI sequence.

19. The method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The paging assistance information carried by the PI information includes at least one of the following: Satellite orbit information, indicating the satellite orbits from the table; The UE receives beamforming indication information, indicating the direction of the received beam from at least one of the table and candidates; and Repeat configuration information indicates the number of times at least one of the paging control information and paging data is repeated.

20. A method for multi-granularity synchronization in wireless communication, comprising: A network node transmits at least one downlink signal to a user equipment (UE), wherein the at least one downlink signal is associated with a coarse synchronization channel number (CSCN); and The network node sends information to the UE indicating the range of candidate Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) corresponding to the CSCN, wherein the UE uses the GSCN candidate range to perform synchronization operations.

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