Polyethylene glycol-based lubricant composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lubricant composition comprising a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1 ) at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, a2) at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a lubricant composition having good tribological properties and its use in lubricating tribological systems, particularly gearboxes and / or bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Lubricants are an essential component in many industrial processes where two or more surfaces move in close contact. The applications of lubricants are very broad, covering various tribological systems.

[0003] Lubricants can be designed as lubricating oils or greases. In addition to lubricating oils, greases also include one or more thickeners. Both lubricating oils and greases typically contain a variety of substances (such as additives, oils, auxiliaries, polymers, and thickeners in the grease) to adjust the properties of the grease and adapt its lubricating effect to the components.

[0004] Grease is commonly used to lubricate bearings. Bearings are mechanical components used to guide the relative movement of parts. Mechanical components are those that perform the same or similar functions in different machines and equipment, and therefore always exist in the same or similar forms. Bearings can be classified according to their degrees of freedom of movement, namely radial bearings, axial bearings, radial shaft bearings, and linear bearings. Bearings can also be classified according to their operating principle. In linear bearings, the moving parts are in direct contact, while in rolling bearings, the moving parts are not in direct contact but are separated by rolling elements. Rolling bearings can be divided into roller bearings or ball bearings. Roller bearings can be needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and spherical roller bearings. Bearings are usually filled with grease during manufacturing, and this grease filling is maintained by suitable sealing elements in the bearing or guiding device.

[0005] Industrial gearboxes are transmission systems specifically designed for industrial applications. They play a vital role in manufacturing, mining, power plants, and other sectors. Some important aspects of industrial gearboxes lie in power and torque transmission. Industrial gearboxes are designed to transmit high power. They can couple with large electric motors and handle enormous torque. Preferred gearbox types are spur gearboxes, bevel gearboxes, and / or planetary gearboxes. Spur gearboxes are robust and well-suited for high torque, and are commonly used in conveyor belts, mills, and cranes. Bevel gearboxes transmit rotational motion between offset shafts and are commonly found in pumps, fans, and mixers. Planetary gearboxes are compact gearboxes with high gear ratios, used in robotic arms, wind power plants, and printing presses.

[0006] WO2017210388 (A1) describes a lubricant composition comprising a polyalkylene glycol-based oil component, wherein the content of this oil component is at least about 60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the lubricant composition. This polyalkylene glycol-based oil component comprises two polyalkylene glycols of different viscosities. These polyalkylene glycols are EO / PO copolymers.

[0007] US 6436883 B1 describes a liquid composition comprising primarily the following components: a) a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether having a molecular weight between 450 and 5000, wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether is derived from n-butanol and a gaseous mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and wherein the viscosity of the polyoxyalkylene glycol monobutyl ether at 38°C is between 100 and 4000 Saybolt seconds; b) a carboxylic acid containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule; and c) an amine. This composition can be used as a hydraulic fluid or transmission fluid.

[0008] With ever-increasing demands, there remains a need for novel lubricants with excellent tribological properties. These novel lubricants should be characterized, in particular, by a low coefficient of friction over a wide temperature range, a broad sliding-rolling ratio, and a low resistivity.

[0009] Surprisingly, it has now been discovered that this objective is achieved by using a special base oil containing selected polyethylene glycol as a base oil in the lubricant composition. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The first subject of this invention is a lubricant composition comprising... a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer.

[0011] Optionally, the lubricant composition comprises at least one additive (b) and / or at least one thickener (c).

[0012] In one specific embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises: a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) At least one base oil that is different from a1) and a2).

[0013] Optionally, the lubricant composition comprises at least one additive (b) and / or at least one thickener (c).

[0014] Preferably, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises: a) A base oil comprising, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt%, of a base oil containing... a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, at a content of 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 50 wt% to 85 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%. b) Optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, at least one additive is present in a content of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%. c) Optionally, at least one thickener is present in a content of 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0015] The total content of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, and preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0016] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition designed as a lubricating oil, comprising... a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), b) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0017] The total content of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, and preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0018] Preferably, the lubricant composition of the present invention, designed as a lubricating oil, comprises: a) A base oil comprising, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 80 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 85 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 90 wt% to 98 wt%, of a base oil containing... a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, at a content of 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 50 wt% to 85 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%. b) Optionally, at least one additive is present in a content of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0019] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition designed as a grease. The grease contains at least one thickener (c).

[0020] Preferably, the lubricant composition designed as a grease comprises: a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), b) Optionally, at least one additive. c) At least one thickener.

[0021] The total content of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, and preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0022] More preferably, the lubricant composition of the present invention, designed as a grease, comprises: a) A base oil comprising, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 50 wt% to 97 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 95 wt%, more preferably 70 wt% to 93 wt%, particularly 80 wt% to 90 wt%, of a base oil containing a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, at a content of 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 50 wt% to 85 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%. b) Optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, at least one additive is present in a content of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%. c) at least one thickener, in an amount of 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0023] The total content of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, and preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0024] More preferably, the molecular weight Mn of the ethylene oxide homopolymer, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol.

[0025] Another subject of the invention is the use of lubricant compositions according to one or more embodiments described above and below for lubricating tribological systems, preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed, and / or selected from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools, and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed.

[0026] Another subject of the invention is a tribological system, preferably selected from gearboxes and / or bearings, comprising a lubricant composition according to one or more embodiments described above and below.

[0027] Description of the invention This invention relates to a lubricant composition comprising a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer having a molecular weight Mn of 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, particularly 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, b) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0028] This lubricant composition is suitable for lubricating tribological systems.

[0029] Generally, a tribological system is a technical system that achieves, influences, or prevents motion through contact. It comprises, as its main components, the surfaces involved in the tribological load and the load set acting on these surfaces. A tribological system typically includes at least one matrix that contacts and moves relative to at least one pair of ligands. The load set includes the loads applied to the objects, as well as the kinematic relationships, frictional conditions, and temperature. An intermediate medium is usually present between the two objects, which may be a lubricant specifically introduced to reduce wear.

[0030] Within the scope of this invention, a tribological system specifically refers to a system in which friction is generated due to the relative motion of interacting surfaces. Lubricants are used to minimize wear caused by surface loads resulting from friction. Lubricants reduce wear and ensure proper functioning of components subjected to frictional forces. Preferred tribological systems using the lubricant composition according to the invention include gearboxes and / or bearings. Preferred gearboxes are industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed. Preferred bearings are bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools, and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed.

[0031] The lubricant composition of the present invention has the following advantages: - It has very good tribological properties.

[0032] - It has a low coefficient of friction and a wide sliding-rolling ratio over a wide temperature range.

[0033] - It has a low specific resistance.

[0034] Its coefficient of friction is surprisingly lower than that of lubricant compositions containing only EO / PO copolymers.

[0035] - It can achieve a sufficient lubricating film thickness.

[0036] The lubricant composition of the present invention comprises a base oil a) and optionally at least one additive b) and / or at least one thickener c). In a preferred embodiment, the content of the at least one additive b) is from 0 wt% to 15 wt% and / or the content of the at least one thickener c) is from 0 wt% to 45 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0037] The base oil a) comprises at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2). The ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) are preferably the base oil. The base oil is liquid at room temperature (20°C) and atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa. Preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is at least 2 wt% of the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0038] a1) Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) The base oil of the lubricant composition according to the invention has at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1).

[0039] Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) can be prepared in various ways, for example, based on ethylene oxide as a monomer. Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) can be prepared by anionic polymerization in a known manner, wherein ethylene oxide is combined with an initiator compound and a strongly basic catalyst (such as potassium hydroxide or an organic amine).

[0040] This initiator compound includes one or more etherifiable groups, such as hydroxyl or ether groups. This initiator compound can be monofunctional or polyfunctional. It is preferably based on water, C... 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, preferably C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol) and C 1-10 Initiator compounds of polyols, preferably ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, especially 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, 1,2,3-trihydroxybutane, pentaerythritol, xylitol, arabinitol, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol, alkyl glucosides (such as methyl glucoside and ethyl glucoside), and mixtures thereof, are used to prepare ethylene oxide homopolymers (a1).

[0041] Water is classified as a monofunctional initiator because it has only one functional group (a hydroxyl group, OH). This functional group can initiate the polymerization of alkylene oxides.

[0042] Particularly preferred are compounds based on monofunctional initiators, particularly water and / or C. 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, particularly water, methanol, and mixtures thereof, are used to prepare ethylene oxide homopolymers (a1).

[0043] Particularly preferred are compounds based on ethylene oxide and / or ethylene glycol as monomers, preferably ethylene oxide, and compounds based on monofunctional initiators, particularly water and / or C. 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, particularly water, methanol, and mixtures thereof, are used to prepare ethylene oxide homopolymers (a1).

[0044] Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 can also be prepared in other ways. For example, ethylene glycol can be used, which can polymerize with alkyl halides or alkyl sulfates under alkaline conditions. Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 can also be prepared by reacting ethylene glycol with an ether (e.g., dimethyl ether). "Ethylene oxide homopolymer" is a general term for polymers having one or more chains composed of oxyethylene groups. Therefore, ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 is not limited to preparation based on ethylene oxide.

[0045] The ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) comprises one or more chains consisting of oxyvinyl groups. These chains are preferably bonded to the initiator compound via heteroatoms. Preferably, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) comprises only one chain consisting of oxyvinyl groups, which is bonded to the initiator compound via heteroatoms. This heteroatom is preferably oxygen, and most preferably an ether bond.

[0046] The initiator compound can determine the end groups of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1). Therefore, these end groups can be introduced during the preparation of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1. As an alternative or supplementary method, end groups can be introduced based on the hydrogen-terminated ethylene oxide homopolymer via an etherification reaction.

[0047] If a multifunctional initiator compound is used, two or more chains consisting of oxyethylene groups in the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 can be linked together by the multifunctional initiator compound as a bridging group. In one embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 is prepared based on monomeric ethylene oxide and / or monomeric ethylene glycol, preferably ethylene oxide, reacting with an initiator compound selected from monofunctional initiator compounds, multifunctional initiator compounds, or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 is prepared based on monomeric ethylene oxide reacting with a monofunctional initiator compound.

[0048] Therefore, multifunctional initiator compounds can determine the bridging groups of ethylene oxide homopolymers (a1). As an alternative or supplementary approach, bridging groups can be introduced based on hydrogen-terminated ethylene oxide homopolymers via etherification reactions.

[0049] Preferably, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) has a composition selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, C 2-4 Alkylene, C 3-6 Phenylene and / or C 5-8 The terminal or bridging group of an alkyl tetrayl group.

[0050] Particularly preferably, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) has terminal hydrogens and / or terminal C-terminals. 1-6 Alkyl groups, more preferably having terminal hydrogen and / or terminal C 1-4 Alkyl group. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) has terminal hydrogen and / or terminal methyl group.

[0051] Preferably, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is a mixture of water and C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, preferably C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially methanol, C 2-4 Diol, C 2-4 Triols and / or C 2-4Ethylene oxide homopolymers prepared using tetraols as initiator compounds. Applicable C 1-6 Monohydric alcohols include, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Particularly preferred is C. 1-6 The monohydric alcohol is methanol.

[0052] Particularly preferred, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is a homopolymer with water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, preferably C 1-4 Ethylene oxide homopolymers prepared by using monohydric alcohols, especially methanol, as initiator compounds.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) contains only one chain consisting of oxyvinyl groups. More preferably, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) contains only one chain consisting of oxyvinyl groups and has terminal hydrogens at both ends.

[0054] Ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) can be an uncapped, single-capped, double-capped, triple-capped, or quadruple-capped homopolymer or a mixture thereof. In this case, "uncapped" means that all end groups are hydrogen, and "single-capped" means that one end group is alkyl, preferably C. 1-6 Alkyl, more preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, "double-terminated" refers to two terminal groups that are alkyl, preferably C 1-6 Alkyl, more preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, "triple-terminated" refers to three terminal groups that are alkyl, preferably C 1-6 Alkyl, more preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, "quad-terminated" refers to four terminal groups that are alkyl, preferably C 1-6 Alkyl, more preferably C 1-4 alkyl.

[0055] ISO 19929:2017 is preferred for determining the number and types of end-capping groups present.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is an unterminated, single-terminated, or double-terminated homopolymer or a mixture thereof. Particularly preferred is that the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is an unterminated or double-terminated homopolymer or a mixture thereof.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer is a compound conforming to general formula (I): in R a Selected from H, C 1-6 Alkyl, preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, C2-4 Alkylene, C 3-6 Phenylene and C 5-8 Alkyl tetrayl, R b Selected from H, C 1-6 Alkyl, preferably C 1-4 alkyl, in, In R a C 2-4 When alkylene oxide is involved, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has two alkylene oxide molecules. Fragment, In R a C 3-6 When the alkylene oxide is trialkyl, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has 3 Fragment, In R a C 5-8 When alkyl tetrayl, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has 4 Fragment, p is an integer from 3 to 20, preferably an integer from 4 to 14, and especially an integer from 5 to 10.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer is a compound conforming to general formula (I): in R a and R b They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl, preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, C 2-4 Alkylene, C 3-6 Phenylene and C 5-8 Alkyl tetrayl, p is an integer from 3 to 20, preferably an integer from 4 to 14, and especially an integer from 5 to 10.

[0059] R a and R b Preferably, they are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, more preferably selected from H and C 1-4 Alkyl groups, particularly those selected from H and methyl.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide homopolymer is a compound conforming to general formula (I): in R a and R b They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 alkyl, P is an integer from 3 to 20, preferably an integer from 4 to 14, and especially an integer from 5 to 10.

[0061] Preferably, the molecular weight (Mn) of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1), measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. These molecular weights offer the advantage of particularly high stability in the lubricant composition, especially under low-temperature storage conditions, and these ethylene oxide homopolymers exhibit particularly good miscibility with component a2). Furthermore, the preparation of the base oil is particularly energy-efficient.

[0062] Preferably, the melting point of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1), measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 at a heating rate of 10°K / min, does not exceed 20°C, for example, from -65°C to 20°C, more preferably not exceeding 10°C, for example, from -65°C to 10°C. These melting points also offer advantages such as higher stability, good miscibility with component a2), and energy-efficient preparation of the base oil.

[0063] More preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1), as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 3 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 50 mm 2 / s, preferably 10 mm 2 / s to 50 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm 2 / s to 45mm 2 / s, especially 22 to 38 mm 2 / s.

[0064] Ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) can be prepared in principle according to organic chemical synthesis methods known to those skilled in the art. It is preferably prepared based on ethylene oxide as the monomer. Those skilled in the art can easily select suitable solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions. Starting materials are commercially available or can be easily prepared by those skilled in the art.

[0065] b1) Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) The base oil of the lubricant composition according to the invention has at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2). The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably a statistical copolymer.

[0066] Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) can be prepared in various ways, for example, based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as monomers. Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) can be prepared by anionic polymerization in a known manner, wherein ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are reacted with an initiator compound and a strongly basic catalyst (such as potassium hydroxide or an organic amine). Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) can also be prepared in other ways. For example, ethylene glycol and / or 1,2-propanediol can be used instead of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as monomers and polymerized with alkyl halides or alkyl sulfates under basic conditions.

[0067] This initiator compound includes one or more etherifiable groups, such as hydroxyl or ether groups. This initiator compound can be monofunctional or polyfunctional. Preferably, it is based on a selection from water, C... 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, preferably C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol) and C 1-10 Initiator compounds of polyols, preferably ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, especially 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, 1,2,3-trihydroxybutane, pentaerythritol, xylitol, arabinitol, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol, alkyl glucosides (such as methyl glucoside, ethyl glucoside) and mixtures thereof, are used to prepare ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers (a2).

[0068] Particularly preferred, based on water, C 1-6 Monohydric alcohols (especially butanol), C 2-4 Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2 is prepared using initiator compounds selected from diols (particularly 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-ethylenediol), pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof). Particularly preferred is the preparation of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2 based on initiator compounds selected from water, butanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-ethylenediol, pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.

[0069] The initiator compound can determine the end groups of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2). Therefore, these end groups can be introduced during the preparation of the ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer. As an alternative or supplementary method, these end groups can be introduced through the etherification reaction of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer with hydrogen as an end group.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is prepared based on monomeric ethylene oxide and monomeric propylene oxide reacting with an initiator compound selected from monofunctional initiator compounds, polyfunctional initiator compounds, or mixtures thereof.

[0071] When using a monofunctional initiator compound, an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) with only one chain consisting of an oxyvinyl group can be obtained. If a polyfunctional initiator compound is used, two or more chains consisting of oxyvinyl groups in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) can be linked together by the polyfunctional initiator compound acting as a bridging group.

[0072] Therefore, multifunctional initiator compounds can determine the bridging groups of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2). As an alternative or supplementary approach, bridging groups can be introduced based on the hydrogen-terminated ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) via etherification.

[0073] When using a multifunctional initiator compound, an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) having multiple chains composed of oxyvinyl groups can be obtained. In this case, these oxyvinyl groups are interconnected by the multifunctional initiator compound as a bridging group. In one embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has at least one bridging group selected from saturated hydrocarbon groups (e.g., alkylene groups). In another embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has at least one bridging group selected from C 2-4 Alkylene, C 3-6 Phenylene and C 5-8 A bridging group of alkyl tetrayl. In another embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has at least one bridging group selected from 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-ethylenediol, pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has terminal hydrogen and terminal C. 1-6 Alkyl group, preferably terminal C 1-4 Alkyl, bridged C 2-4 Alkylene, Bridged C 3-6 Phenyl group and / or terminal C 5-8 Alkyl tetrayl.

[0075] Particularly preferably, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has terminal hydrogen and terminal C. 1-4 Alkyl, bridged C 2-4 Alkylenes and / or bridging C 5-8 Alkyl tetrayl. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has terminal hydrogen, terminal butyl, and / or terminal propyl groups.

[0076] Preferably, at least 40 wt%, for example 40 wt% to 60 wt%, of the end groups of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) are alkyl groups, preferably C14. 1-6 alkyl.

[0077] The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) can be an uncapped, single-capped, double-capped, triple-capped, or quadruple-capped copolymer or a mixture thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is an uncapped, single-capped, or double-capped copolymer or a mixture thereof. Particularly preferred is that the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is an uncapped or single-capped copolymer or a mixture thereof.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) comprises at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, M ranges from 3 to 20. N is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order.

[0079] In the structural group of general formula (II), the order of repeating units is arbitrary; therefore, this group is a statistical copolymer group. R is preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl.

[0080] The structural group of formula (II) is connected to an end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. This end group or bridging group is not shown in the above formula. Through the bridging group, the structural group of formula (II) can be connected to other structural groups of formula (II). The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) preferably includes 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4, structural groups of formula (II).

[0081] Applicable end groups and bridging groups are described above and below.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is a compound of general formula (III): in R 1 and R 2 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 alkyl, M is 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 20. N is 4 to 85, preferably 5 to 20. The repeating units can be in any order; Or it could be a compound of general formula (IV): in R 1 and R 2 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 alkyl, R 3 and R 4 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 Alkyl groups, particularly those selected from H and methyl, Each m is independently between 3 and 20. Each n is independently between 4 and 85. The repeating units can be in any order; Or it could be a compound of the general formula (V): in R 1 R 2 R 3 and R 4 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 Alkyl groups, especially those with H, Each m is independently 3 to 20, preferably 4 to 20. Each n is independently 4 to 85, preferably 4 to 50. The repeating units can be in any order.

[0083] In compounds of general formulas (III), (IV), and (V), the order of repeating units is arbitrary, thus these compounds are statistical copolymers.

[0084] In this invention, the term "copolymer" refers to a polymer (terpolymer, quaternary copolymer, etc.) composed of at least two different monomers (e.g., two, three, four or more different monomers). However, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably composed of only two different monomers. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) contains only oxyethylene repeating units and oxymethylethylene repeating units.

[0085] In another preferred embodiment, the weight percentage of the ethylene oxide repeating unit in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is at least 20 wt%, for example, from 20 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably at least 30 wt%, for example, from 30 wt% to 80 wt%, more preferably at least 40 wt%, for example, from 40 wt% to 80 wt%, and particularly at least 50 wt%, for example, from 50 wt% to 80 wt%.

[0086] In another preferred embodiment, the weight percentage of 1-oxymethylethylene repeating units in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 10 wt%, for example, from 10 wt% to 80 wt%, more preferably at least 20 wt%, for example, from 20 wt% to 70 wt%, more preferably from 20 wt% to 60 wt%, particularly from 20 wt% to 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2).

[0087] In another preferred embodiment, the total weight ratio of oxyethylene repeating units and oxymethyl ethylene repeating units in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 90 wt%, for example, from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably at least 95 wt%, for example, from 95 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2).

[0088] The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) may have repeating units different from the oxyethylene repeating unit and the oxymethylethylene repeating unit. However, based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2), the weight proportion of repeating units different from the oxyethylene repeating unit and the oxymethylethylene repeating unit is preferably less than 10 wt%, more preferably less than 5 wt%.

[0089] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) does not contain any repeating units other than the oxyethylene repeating unit and the oxymethylethylene repeating unit.

[0090] More preferably, the molecular weight (Mn) of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 500 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 1,500 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol. A molecular weight of at least 1,500 g / mol is particularly suitable for food applications due to its favorable toxicological properties. Also preferably, the molecular weight (Mn) of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, exceeds 1900 g / mol, for example, from 1900 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 2,000 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol. This is advantageous because it allows for a sufficiently high viscosity of the lubricant composition, even when using low-viscosity homopolymers.

[0091] Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 10 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s to 25,000 mm 2 / s, preferably 15 mm 2 / s to 17,000 mm 2 / s, especially 40 mm 2 / s to 20,000 mm 2 / s. Also preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), exceeds 200 mm² at 40°C. 2 / s, for example, for more than 200 mm 2 / s to 25000mm 2 / s, preferably 220 mm 2 / s to 25000 mm 2 / s. This approach is also advantageous because it allows the viscosity of the lubricant composition to be adjusted to a sufficiently high level, even when using low-viscosity homopolymers.

[0092] Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers can, in principle, be prepared according to organic chemical synthesis methods known to those skilled in the art. Preferred methods are based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as monomers. Those skilled in the art can easily select suitable solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions. Starting materials are commercially available or can be easily prepared by those skilled in the art.

[0093] Lubricant Composition One subject of the present invention is a lubricant composition comprising... a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, whose molecular weight Mn, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer.

[0094] The terms "base oil" or "base oil" have a general meaning in the field of lubricants. Base oil or base oil is preferably an oil contained in a lubricant composition that is liquid at room temperature (20°C) and atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa. Base oil or base oil can be classified according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) classification standards [(API 1509, Appendix E, September 2011)] into Group I, II, II+, III, IV, or V or mixtures thereof. According to the invention, water is preferably not used as a base oil. API Group I consists of mineral oils, for example, composed of naphthenic or paraffinic base oils. These mineral oils are classified as API Group III and Group III if they are chemically modified, low in aromatics, low in sulfur, and have a lower content of saturated compounds compared to API Group I oils, and thus have improved viscosity / temperature characteristics. API Group III also includes so-called gas-to-liquid oils, which are not derived from crude oil refining but are prepared through the chemical reaction of natural gas. Group IV oils are polyalphaolefins. Base oils or base oils not classified into Groups I-IV are classified into Group V. Ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) both belong to Group V.

[0095] According to the present invention, the terms "base oil" and "base oil" are distinguished linguistically to clearly indicate that, according to the present invention, "base oil" may contain multiple base oils, thereby potentially including different categories of chemical compounds. Specifically, according to the present invention, a base oil contains components a1) and a2) as base oils, and may, depending on the circumstances, also contain a base oil a3) that is different from a1) and a2).

[0096] The total content of ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 80 wt% based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0097] Preferably, the molecular weight Mn of the ethylene oxide homopolymer, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol.

[0098] More preferably, the lubricant composition comprises at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) combined with at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), wherein the molecular weight (Mn) of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1), measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03 with THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol, and the molecular weight (Mn) of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03 with THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 1500 g / mol to 25000 g / mol. Polymers with higher molecular weights of 1500 g / mol to 25000 g / mol are particularly suitable for lubricating work equipment used in the processing of food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed because of their favorable toxicological properties.

[0099] Also preferably, the lubricant composition comprises at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) combined with at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2), wherein the kinematic viscosity of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) is 22 to 38 mm at 40°C. 2 / s, the molecular weight Mn of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) as measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, with THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 1500 g / mol to 25000 g / mol.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the base oil comprises the following: a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer having a molecular weight Mn of 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, particularly 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) wherein the total content of ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is at least 80 wt% based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0101] In another preferred embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises the following: a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer having a molecular weight Mn of 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, particularly 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), b) Optionally, at least one additive. c) Optionally, at least one thickener.

[0102] More preferably, the base oil content is 50 wt% to 99 wt%, more preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, and particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0103] Also preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is 10 wt% to 90 wt%, more preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, and particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil. Also particularly preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is 10 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 10 wt% to 30 wt%, and particularly 10 wt% to 24 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0104] In practical tests, it was found that setting a lower ethylene oxide homopolymer (α1) content of preferably no more than 50 wt% by weight of the base oil helps to increase the thickness of the lubricating film. A greater lubricating film thickness is more advantageous because it can significantly reduce the risk of wear.

[0105] Also preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is 5 wt% to 45 wt%, more preferably 8 wt% to 40 wt%, particularly 8 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil. Also particularly preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is 10 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 10 wt% to 30 wt%, particularly 10 wt% to 24 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0106] Also preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is from 10 wt% to 90 wt%, more preferably from 20 wt% to 85 wt%, and particularly from 50 wt% to 85 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil. Also preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is from 76 wt% to 85 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0107] Also preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is 5 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 8 wt% to 40 wt%, and particularly 8 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0108] Particularly preferably, the content of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, more preferably 50 wt% to 85 wt%, and particularly 76 wt% to 85 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0109] Similarly, preferably, -Base oil a) comprises, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 50 wt% to 99 wt%, more preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt%. - The content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is 5 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 8 wt% to 40 wt%, particularly 8 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0110] Similarly, preferably, -Base oil a) comprises, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 50 wt% to 99 wt%, more preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt%. -Based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is from 15 wt% to 50 wt%, and - The content of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is from 50 wt% to 85 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0111] In another preferred embodiment, the content of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is from 5 wt% to 45 wt% by weight of the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the lubricant composition is not solely composed of 25 wt% polyethylene glycol and 75% ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer by weight of the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0112] Also preferably, the content of a base oil (a3), optionally different from a1) and a2), is 2 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil. In another preferred embodiment, the content of at least one base oil (a3), different from ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), is 0 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0113] Also preferably, the content of a base oil (a3), optionally different from a1) and a2), is 1 wt% to 8 wt%, preferably 2.5 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. In another preferred embodiment, the content of at least one base oil (a3), different from ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), is 0 to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant composition comprises at least one additive b). The at least one additive b) preferably satisfies at least one of the following conditions: - The additive is solid at room temperature (20°C) and atmospheric pressure (1013 hPa). -The content of the additive is less than 2 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0115] Furthermore, the solubility of additive b) in the base oil (at 20°C) is preferably at least 0.1 wt%. If this additive forms a homogeneous phase with the base oil, it is considered to be soluble. To determine the solubility, it is preferable to first heat the mixture of the base oil and additive b) to 100°C while stirring, and then cool it. After cooling to 20°C, check whether a homogeneous phase has formed.

[0116] Preferably, additive b) is selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof.

[0117] Also preferably, the content of at least one optional additive b) is 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. In another preferred embodiment, the content of at least one optional additive b) is 0 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present invention is water-free, or contains only less than 10 wt%, for example 0 wt% to 10 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 8 wt%, particularly 0.1 wt% to 6 wt% of water, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the water content is determined by the Karl Fischer coulometric method according to DIN 51777:2016-08.

[0119] In addition to at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), the lubricant composition may also contain at least one base oil (component a3) that is different from the two substances mentioned above.

[0120] Therefore, a special lubricant composition contains a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, whose molecular weight Mn, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) At least one base oil that is different from a1) and a2), b) Optionally, at least one additive, preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) Optionally, at least one thickener.

[0121] If present, the lubricant composition according to the invention comprises at least one base oil (a3) ​​different from ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), preferably in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil. In another preferred embodiment, the content of at least one base oil (a3) ​​different from ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is 0 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

[0122] If the lubricant composition contains at least one base oil (a3) ​​other than ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), then this base oil is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2)), linear or branched perfluoropolyether oils (PFPE oils), synthetic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, untreated and chemically modified vegetable oils, Group III oils, natural gas synthetic (GTL) oils, refining and recycle oils, polyalphaolefins (PAO), silicone oils, polyisobutylene and mixtures thereof.

[0123] Unlike ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), the base oil is preferably not water.

[0124] The base oil a3) that is different from ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) and mixtures thereof.

[0125] The base oil a3, unlike ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2, is particularly preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymer a1 and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) and mixtures thereof, wherein, for the concentrations of components a1), a2) and a3) in the ternary mixture, the ratio of [(100*3*content of ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) / (3*content of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2)+(0.33*content of base oil a3)] does not exceed 30, and when the base oil a3 is an ester, this ratio is preferably in the range of 23 to 30.

[0126] Particularly preferably, the base oil (a3) ​​is selected from esters, polyethylene glycol (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) and mixtures thereof.

[0127] The base oil a3 is particularly preferably selected from esters, polyethylene glycol (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) and mixtures thereof, wherein, for the concentrations of components a1), a2) and a3) in the ternary mixture, the ratio of [(100*3*content of ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) / (3*content of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2)+(0.33*content of base oil a3)] is not more than 30, and when the base oil a3 is an ester, this ratio is preferably in the range of 23 to 30.

[0128] Particularly preferred, the base oil (a3) ​​is selected from esters, propylene oxide homopolymers, propylene oxide / butane copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0129] The base oil a3) is particularly preferably selected from esters, propylene oxide homopolymers, propylene oxide / butane copolymers and mixtures thereof, wherein for the concentrations of components a1), a2) and a3) in the ternary mixture, the ratio of [(100*3*content of ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) / (3*content of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2)+(0.33*content of base oil a3)] is not more than 30, and when the base oil a3 is an ester, this ratio is preferably in the range of 23 to 30.

[0130] Preferred esters for base oil (a3) ​​are selected from C7 to C8 compounds consisting of aliphatic or aromatic di, tri, or tetracarboxylic acids and one or more mixed compounds. 22 Esters formed from alcohols, consisting of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or dipentaerythritol with aliphatic C7 to C6 groups. 22 Esters formed from carboxylic acids, derived from C 18 Dimer and C7 to C 22 Esters formed from alcohols, as well as complex esters and lactones and their mixtures.

[0131] Particularly preferred esters for base oil (a3) ​​are selected from pentaerythritol esters, dipentaerythritol esters, trimellitic acid esters, triphenyl esters, pyromellitic esters, laminides, dimer esters, trimer esters, trimethylolpropane esters (TMP esters), neopentyl glycol esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, and mixtures thereof.

[0132] The ethers used for base oil a3) do not include ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2). Preferred ethers for base oil a3) are selected from polyphenylene ethers, diaryl ethers, triaryl ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF) polymers, polyethylene glycol (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers), and mixtures thereof.

[0133] Particularly preferred ethers for base oil a3) are polyethylene glycols, excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers a2). Preferred polyethylene glycols are polyethylene glycol homopolymers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers), ethylene oxide copolymers (excluding ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers), and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of this invention, the term "copolymer" also refers to a polymer (terpolymer, quaternary copolymer, etc.) composed of three, four, or more different monomers.

[0134] Suitable polyethylene glycol homopolymers include polypropylene glycol, polybutane glycol, polytetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. Suitable copolymers include ethylene oxide / butane oxide copolymers and propylene oxide / butane oxide copolymers. These copolymers can be block copolymers or statistical copolymers.

[0135] Particularly preferred polyethylene glycol homopolymers are propylene oxide homopolymers. Particularly preferred copolymers are propylene oxide / butane oxide copolymers, preferably monohydric alcohols, especially C4-C62. 12 Alcohol is the starting material.

[0136] As a base oil (a3), linear or branched perfluoropolyether oils (PFPE oils) can also be used. Suitable perfluoropolyether oils are, for example, selected from perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) with the following chemical formulas: R A -(O-CF2) v -(O-C2F4) w -(O-C3F6) x -(O-CFCF3) y -(O-CF2CF(CF3)) z -OR B Where R A and R B The same or different and selected from -CF3, -C2F5 and -C3F7, where v, w, x, y, z are integers from ≥ 0 to 500. PFPE oils are sold under brand names such as Aflunox®, Krytox®, Fomblin® and Demnum®.

[0137] In addition, synthetic hydrocarbons, mineral oils and their mixtures can also be used as base oils (a3).

[0138] Therefore, Group III oils can be used as base oils (a3). Group III oils (hydrocracked synthetic oils) are synthetic hydrocarbons made from petroleum base oils, produced entirely through hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrodesulfurization. They contain at least 90% saturated compounds and a maximum of 0.03% sulfur, with a viscosity index of at least 120.

[0139] In addition, GTL oil (natural gas synthesis oil) is also advantageously suitable as a base oil. GTL oil is based on synthesis gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, from which long-chain hydrocarbons are produced via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

[0140] Furthermore, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) are also advantageously suited for use as a3) base oils. Polyalphaolefins, also known as Group IV oils, typically have a viscosity index in the range of 125 to 200. Polyalphaolefins can be produced from ethylene via a catalytic reaction using known processes, where a longer-chain alpha-olefin is first produced as an intermediate. Polyalphaolefins are then synthesized essentially through oligomerization, typically producing isoalkanes with varying numbers of identical-length side chains. This synthesis can be carried out by acid-catalyzed (conventional) or metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization (mPAO). Conventional PAOs exhibit a high degree of isomerization, while metallocene polymerization produces essentially isomer-free products. Suitable polyalphaolefins are, for example, oligomers, preferably dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and high-carbon oligomers having more than five repeating alpha-olefin units, as well as mixtures of these oligomers. The alpha-olefins used to prepare polyalphaolefins are preferably selected from C8-C. 14 α-Alkenes, especially 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and mixtures thereof.

[0141] In addition, silicone oil can also be used as a base oil (a3). Therefore, dimethyl silicone oil can be used as a base oil (a3).

[0142] In another preferred embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of base oil a3) as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition) is 20 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s to 6000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 1500 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, it is 45 mm. 2 / s to 700 mm 2 / s.

[0143] In another preferred embodiment, the base oil a) has a kinematic viscosity of 20 mmHg at 40°C, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition). 2 / s to 6000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 1500 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, it is 45 mm. 2 / s to 700 mm 2 / s.

[0144] In a preferred embodiment, the content of additive b) is 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, and particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0145] The total content of ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%.

[0146] One particular embodiment of the present invention includes a lubricant composition comprising: a) A base oil comprising, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt%, of a base oil containing... a1) Based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer comprising 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%, of which molecular weight Mn, determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, particularly 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, at a content of 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 50 wt% to 85 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%. b) Optionally, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, at least one additive is present in a content of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%. c) Optionally, at least one thickener is present in a content of 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0147] For specific embodiments of the lubricant composition of the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the lubricant composition of the present invention described above and below are applicable with necessary modifications. For example, the total content of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%.

[0148] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises: a) 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, which, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, comprises a1) 15 wt% to 50 wt% or 10 wt% to 40 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 30 wt%, particularly 10 wt% to 24 wt% of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is preferably prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, wherein the monofunctional initiator compound is particularly water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and their mixtures, a2) 50 wt% to 85 wt%, preferably 76 wt% to 85 wt%, of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) preferably comprises at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and In the general formula (II), the structural group is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%, wherein the base oil a3) different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers), and mixtures thereof. b) Optionally, 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt% of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one additive is preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) Optionally, 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one thickener, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one thickener is preferably selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferably waxes, particularly natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of the thickeners therein.

[0149] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises: a) 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, which, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, comprises a1) at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, in the form of 15 wt% to 50 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 10 wt% to 30 wt%, and particularly 10 wt% to 24 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is preferably prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, wherein the monofunctional initiator compound is particularly water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and their mixtures, a2) at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer comprising, by weight of the base oil, 50 wt% to 85 wt%, preferably 76 wt% to 85 wt%, of the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) preferably comprising at least one structural group conforming to general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and In the general formula (II), the structural group is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%. a3) 0 wt% to 15 wt% of at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), based on the total weight of the base oils, wherein the base oil a3) different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers) and mixtures thereof. b) At least one additive, from 0 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) At least one thickener, from 0 wt% to 45 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferably waxes, especially natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of these thickeners.

[0150] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises: a) 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, which, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, comprises a1) at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, comprising 5 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 8 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 8 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is preferably prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, wherein the monofunctional initiator compound is particularly water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and their mixtures, a2) 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, more preferably 50 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 76 wt% to 85 wt%, of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) preferably comprises at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and In the general formula (II), the structural group is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%. a3) Optionally, 1 wt% to 8 wt%, preferably 2.5 wt% to 5 wt%, of at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), based on the total weight of the base oils, wherein the base oil a3) different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers), and mixtures thereof. b) Optionally, 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt% of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one additive is preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) Optionally, 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one thickener, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one thickener is preferably selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferably waxes, particularly natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of the thickeners therein.

[0151] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises: a) 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, which, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, comprises a1) at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, comprising 5 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 8 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 8 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is preferably prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, wherein the monofunctional initiator compound is particularly water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and their mixtures, a2) 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, more preferably 50 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 76 wt% to 85 wt%, of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) preferably comprises at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and In the general formula (II), the structural group is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%. a3) 0 wt% to 8 wt% of at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), based on the total weight of the base oils, wherein the base oil a3) different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers (excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers) and mixtures thereof. b) At least one additive, from 0 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) At least one thickener, from 0 wt% to 45 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferably waxes, especially natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of these thickeners.

[0152] Lubricating oil and grease The lubricant composition according to the invention can be designed as either a lubricating oil or a lubricating grease. The lubricating grease is a composition comprising a liquid phase and a solid phase (at room temperature 20°C and atmospheric pressure 1013 hPa). Therefore, unlike lubricating oils, lubricating greases contain at least one thickener as an additive. The thickener is a solid substance (insoluble solid) that is almost or completely insoluble in the base oil and has a thickening effect. Preferably, the solubility of thickener c) in the base oil at 20°C is less than 0.1 wt%, more preferably less than 0.05 wt%. If thickener c) does not form a homogeneous phase with the base oil, it is considered to be insoluble. To determine solubility, it is preferable to heat the mixture of the base oil and thickener c) to 100°C while stirring, and then cool it. After cooling to 20°C, the formation of a homogeneous phase is checked.

[0153] In greases, the content of thickener c) is preferably at least 3 wt%. Thickeners can also affect friction and wear. A specific embodiment of such thickeners is inorganic and organic solid lubricants.

[0154] Phenomenologically, lubricating oils can also be distinguished from lubricating greases by different characteristics. One phenomenological distinction lies, at least at lower shear rates (especially at 10 s⁻¹), in... -1 up to 100 s -1 Within a certain range, lubricating oils exhibit Newtonian rheological behavior, while greases, even at lower shear rates (especially at 10 s⁻¹), exhibit Newtonian rheological behavior. -1 up to 100 s -1 It also shows deviations from Newtonian rheological behavior within the range of (the range of).

[0155] To check for the presence of Newtonian rheological behavior, two conditions can be used (preferably 10 s). -1 and 100 s -1Shear viscosity can be measured at different shear rates. Shear viscosity can be measured according to DIN 51810 standard (April 2017, Volume 1: Determination of Shear Viscosity by means of a rotational viscometer and cone / plate measurement system), but the shear rate needs to be set to the value under study (10 s⁻¹). -1 ; 100 s -1 The temperature at which the measurement was taken was 25°C.

[0156] If the shear viscosity is the same at two different shear rates, then Newtonian behavior exists, and it is classified as a lubricating oil. If the shear viscosity is different at two different shear rates, then Newtonian rheological behavior does not exist, and it is classified as a lubricating grease. If individual lubricants containing both liquid and solid phases (at room temperature 20°C and normal pressure 1013 hPa) may exceptionally exhibit phenomenological properties similar to lubricating oils, then they are still considered lubricating greases.

[0157] The consistency of the grease can be determined according to the standardized measurement method of working penetration as described in DIN ISO 2137 (December 2016 edition). After the grease is kneaded in a grease mixer or grease kneader, the working penetration is measured as the penetration depth of the standard cone under defined conditions using a penetration tester. In this case, the measured cone penetration is correlated with the defined NLGI grade (NLGI = National Lubricating Grease Institute) according to DIN 51818-2024-02. When measured according to DIN ISO 2137 (December 2016 edition), the working penetration of the grease according to the present invention is a cone penetration of 85 to 475, more preferably 220 to 340 (in 0.1 mm).

[0158] The lubricant composition according to the invention is preferably designed as a lubricating oil. The combination of ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is particularly suitable for this purpose, because a1) and a2) exhibit particularly good coefficients of friction in gearbox applications where lubricating oils are typically used.

[0159] If the components used in the lubricant composition according to the invention have multiple functions (e.g., as a thickener and a friction coefficient modifier), they are counted only once during metering.

[0160] lubricating oil A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition in the form of a lubricating oil, comprising... a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, whose molecular weight Mn, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), b) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0161] The embodiments of the lubricant compositions according to the present invention, as described above and below, are applicable with necessary modifications to lubricant compositions in the form of lubricating oil.

[0162] For example, the total content of ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%.

[0163] In another preferred embodiment, the lubricant composition in the form of a lubricating oil comprises 80 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 85 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 90 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0164] In another preferred embodiment, the additive (b) is selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof.

[0165] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition designed as a lubricating oil according to the invention, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 20 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s to 6000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 1500 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, it is 45 mm. 2 / s to 700 mm 2 / s.

[0166] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition designed as a lubricating oil according to the invention, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 20 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s to 100 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 68 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, it is 20 mm. 2 / s to 46 mm 2 / s. These viscosity values ​​are particularly suitable for lubricating gearboxes in electric vehicles, especially wet or dry electric vehicle axles.

[0167] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition designed as a lubricating oil according to the invention, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 20 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s to 25,000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 3200 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 1500 mm 2 / s, more preferably 68 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 680 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, is 100 mm. 2 / s to 320 mm 2 / s. These viscosities are particularly suitable for lubricating gearboxes in working equipment used for processing food, confectionery, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed, due to their favorable toxicological properties.

[0168] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition in the form of a lubricating oil, comprising... a) A base oil comprising, by weight of the total lubricant composition, 80 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 85 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 90 wt% to 98 wt%, of a base oil containing... a1) Based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer comprising 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly 15 wt% to 50 wt%, of which molecular weight Mn, determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, particularly 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, comprising, by weight of the base oil, at a content of 10 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably 20 wt% to 85 wt%, particularly 50 wt% to 85 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oil, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%. b) Optionally, at least one additive is present in a content of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0169] grease Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition in the form of a grease, comprising... a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, whose molecular weight Mn, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is preferably from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, more preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol. a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, a3) Optionally, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2), b1) At least one thickener, b2) Optionally, at least one additive.

[0170] The embodiments of the lubricant compositions according to the present invention described above and below are applicable with necessary modifications to lubricant compositions in the form of grease.

[0171] The total content of ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is preferably at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%.

[0172] In another specific embodiment, the lubricant composition in the form of a grease comprises 50 wt% to 97 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 95 wt%, more preferably 70 wt% to 93 wt%, and particularly 80 wt% to 90 wt% of a base oil, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0173] In another preferred embodiment, the additive (b) is selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives that improve high pressure performance, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof.

[0174] Thickener c) The lubricant composition in the form of a grease contains at least one thickener c). Preferably, the solubility of thickener c) in base oil a) at 20°C is less than 0.1 wt%, more preferably less than 0.05 wt%. Solubility is considered to be achieved if thickener c) forms a homogeneous phase with base oil a). To determine solubility, it is preferable to heat the mixture of base oil and thickener c) to 120°C while stirring, followed by cooling. After cooling to 20°C, the formation of a homogeneous phase is checked.

[0175] Preferably, the content of at least one thickener (c) is 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0176] Preferably, the thickener c) is selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferred waxes, especially natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of these thickeners.

[0177] Suitable metal soaps for use as thickener c) are preferably metal soaps of Groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table, especially lithium soaps. The metal soap is preferably composed of at least one saturated or unsaturated C.8-22 Fatty acids, preferably at least one C 14-20 It is derived from fatty acids or their derivatives. Examples include hydrogenated castor oil, i.e., a glycerol ester of 12-hydroxystearic acid. In a preferred embodiment, thickener c) comprises at least one lithium soap. Particularly preferred lithium soaps are lithium salts of stearic acid.

[0178] Metal complex soaps suitable for use as thickener c) are preferably metal complex soaps of Groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table, such as lithium complex soaps, sodium complex soaps, calcium complex soaps, and aluminum complex soaps. Lithium complex soaps are preferred.

[0179] It can be achieved through metal alkalis (such as hydroxides, oxides, or carbonates) and... c1) At least one carboxylic acid component having 10 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably selected from unsaturated or saturated C464-carbon compounds. 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids or unsaturated or saturated C 10 -C 32 Hydroxymonocarboxylic acid and the above C 10 -C 32 Monocarboxylic acids and C 10 -C 32 Derivatives of hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, and c2) At least one complexing agent The reaction yields a suitable metal complex soap.

[0180] Component c1) is preferably selected from saturated or unsaturated C. 12 -C 22 Monocarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C 12 -C 22 Hydroxymonocarboxylic acids and their esters and mixtures thereof. Monocarboxylic acids and hydroxymonocarboxylic acids (c1) are particularly selected from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, benzyl acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, 17-hydroxystearic acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0181] Complexing agent c2) is preferably selected from saturated or unsaturated C2-C 16 Dicarboxylic acids, saturated or unsaturated C2-C8 hydroxy monocarboxylic acids, their derivatives and mixtures. Adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, 3-tert-butyl adipic acid and their esters and mixtures are particularly suitable as dicarboxylic acids (b2). Hydroxybenzoic acids, such as salicylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-hexylbenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid and mixtures thereof, are also particularly suitable as component (b2).

[0182] Lithium complex soaps are particularly preferred to contain lithium salts that are combined with 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid or sebacic acid, especially lithium salts that are combined with 12-hydroxystearic acid and azelaic acid.

[0183] In a preferred embodiment, thickener c) is a urea thickener, particularly alkylated and / or arylated (oligomeric) urea. Preferred urea thickeners are the reaction products of at least one diisocyanate and at least one amine (selected from monoamines, polyamines, and mixtures thereof). Preferred diisocyanates are selected from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-phenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanate-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, and mixtures thereof.

[0184] The amines are preferably selected from those with the chemical formula R. a 2N-R b Monoamine, chemical formula R a 2N-R c -NR a 2 diamines and mixtures thereof, wherein R a Independently selected from hydrogen, linear or branched C1-C 22 Alkyl and C6-C 14 Aryl, R b Independently selected from linear or branched C1-C 22 Alkyl and C6-C 14 Aryl, R c It is a divalent bridging group, preferably selected from C1-C. 22 Alkyl and C6-C 14 Aryl.

[0185] Metal sulfonate thickeners, particularly calcium sulfonate thickeners, are suitable for use as thickener c). Calcium sulfonate thickeners particularly comprise calcium salts of crystalline calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and acids, said acids being particularly aromatic sulfonic acids, especially alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, particularly stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0186] Suitable waxes for use as thickener c) are, in particular, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide (PA) waxes. The melting point or decomposition point of the wax, as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-1 (April 2008 edition), is preferably above 100°C.

[0187] Metal chalcogenides, particularly molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and metal selenides, are suitable for use as thickeners (c).

[0188] High-fluoropolymer materials, particularly PTFE, are suitable for use as thickeners (c). However, this is not a preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0189] Fluorine-free components, differing from thickener b1) described above, are also suitable for use as thickener c). The average particle size (D50) of the fluorine-free component, as measured according to ISO 13320-1 (2020-01 edition), is preferably less than 80 µm, for example, from 1 µm to 80 µm, more preferably from 1 µm to 50 µm, even more preferably from 1 µm to 20 µm, particularly from 1 µm to 15 µm. Other preferred fluorine-free components are boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, graphene, tin sulfide (IV), zinc sulfide (II), and tungsten sulfide. Other preferred fluorine-free components are talc, bentonite, mica, and pyrolytic silica, which can be functionalized with the aid of organic groups. Montmorillonite is a particular bentonite embodiment in which sodium ions can be partially or completely replaced by ammonium ions. Aluminosilicates, alumina, and silica (e.g., fumed silica) are suitable for use as additional fluorine-free thickener b1). Nanoparticles of silica, zinc pyrophosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, and zirconium hydrogen phosphate functionalized with organic groups are suitable for use as additional fluorine-free thickeners (c). Melamine derivatives selected from melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, and 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trisulfol are suitable for use as additional fluorine-free thickeners (c).

[0190] In another preferred embodiment, thickener c) is a combination of two or more of the other thickeners mentioned above.

[0191] In another preferred embodiment, the viscosity index of the lubricant composition is greater than 150.

[0192] Additive b: The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one additive b). The at least one additive b) is preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, ultraviolet stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof.

[0193] If present, the lubricant composition contains at least one additive (b) at a weight of 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0194] corrosion inhibitor The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one corrosion inhibitor as additive (b).

[0195] Corrosion inhibitors neutralize acidic reaction products, such as those from base oil oxidation or additive degradation. This reduces or prevents corrosion. Suitable corrosion inhibitors are salts of various acids, such as sulfonates, naphthenates, carboxylates, phosphate esters, succinate half-esters, or partial polyol esters. Preferred inhibitors are calcium sulfonates, especially "hyperalkaline" calcium sulfonates with a base number (TBN) of 100 to 500 mg KOH / g, phosphates neutralized by amines (partially), alkylated Ca-naphthalene sulfonates, oxazoline derivatives, imidazole derivatives, succinate half-esters, benzotriazoles, N-alkylated benzotriazoles, and mixtures thereof.

[0196] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one corrosion inhibitor, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0197] antioxidants The lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain at least one antioxidant as an additive.

[0198] Antioxidants help improve the resistance of lubricated parts to oxidation and / or thermal stress. Oxidation can produce acids and oil-insoluble components, which can form impurities that may deposit on lubricated parts.

[0199] Suitable antioxidants include aromatic amine antioxidants such as alkylated phenyl-α-naphthylamine, dialkyl diphenylamine, aralkylated diphenylamine, hindered phenols such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), bis-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives, sulfur-containing hindered phenols, sulfur-containing hindered bisphenols and mixtures thereof.

[0200] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one antioxidant, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0201] Metal passivating agent The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one metal passivator (an additive for preventing metal interference) as an additive.

[0202] Different metals (such as copper and its compounds) act as catalysts for the formation of peroxides, thus facilitating oxidation. Suitable metal passivating agents are chelating agents, which passivate the metal surface. Examples of metal passivating agents include, but are not limited to, triazoles or thiadiazoles, particularly aryl triazoles (such as benzotriazole and methylbenzotriazole), alkyl derivatives of such triazoles, and benzothiadiazoles, such as R(C6H3)N2S, where R represents H or C1 to C2. 10 alkyl.

[0203] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one metal passivator, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0204] anti-wear agent The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one anti-wear agent as an additive.

[0205] Anti-wear agents are used to prevent wear caused by friction processes (such as liquid friction and mixed friction).

[0206] The anti-wear agent is preferably selected from phosphates neutralized by amines, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl phosphates, alkylated and non-alkylated triaryl thiophosphates, Zn-, Mo- or W-dialkyl dithiophosphates, Zn-, Mo- or W-diaryl dithiophosphates, carbamates, thiocarbamates, Zn-, Mo- or W-dithiocarbamates, dimercaptothiadiazoles, organoborates, organophosphites, and mixtures thereof.

[0207] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one anti-wear agent, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0208] Viscosity index improver The lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain at least one viscosity index improver (group VI improver) as an additive.

[0209] Examples of Group VI modifiers include olefin copolymers, polymethyl methacrylate, and olefin copolymers with dispersing properties.

[0210] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one group VI modifier, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0211] Additives for improving high-voltage characteristics The lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain at least one additive (extreme pressure additive) for improving high pressure characteristics.

[0212] Additives used to improve high-pressure characteristics serve as coating forming agents and / or surfactants. Preferred additives for improving high-pressure characteristics are selected from thiophosphates (such as zinc dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiophosphate oxysulfide), molybdenum amine compounds, sulfur compounds (such as sulfurized oils and fats, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized fatty acid esters, alkylated polysulfides), and mixtures thereof.

[0213] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one additive for improving high-pressure characteristics, and its content is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0214] Pour point depressant The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one pour point depressant as an additive.

[0215] Preferred additives for improving pour point are selected from linear or branched, alkylated, acrylated and / or aliphatic polymers and copolymers, which may be used alone or in combination. A specific example of a pour point depressant is polymethyl methacrylate.

[0216] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one pour point depressant, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0217] Adhesion promoter The lubricant composition according to the invention may contain at least one adhesion promoter as an additive.

[0218] Preferred additives for improving adhesion are selected from long-chain polar polymers, which enable oils or greases to have higher adhesion to the surface to be lubricated.

[0219] The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one adhesion promoter, which is at least 0.1 wt%, preferably from 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, particularly preferably at least 0.5 wt%, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%, especially at least 1.0 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0220] Defoamer The lubricant composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one defoamer, which is at least 0.01 wt%, preferably from 0.01 wt% to 0.1 wt%, and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt% to 0.05 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0221] Preferred defoamers are selected from silica, silicone oil, (poly)acrylates and mixtures thereof.

[0222] use Another subject of the invention is the use of at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) combined with at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) (wherein a1) and a2) are defined as described above and below), optionally combined with at least one base oil a3) different from a1) and a2) as a base oil in a lubricant composition for lubricating tribological systems, preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and / or feed, and / or selected from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and / or feed.

[0223] Power tools are tools powered by electric current, batteries, or compressed air, unlike hand tools which require human operation. Preferred power tools include drills, saws, sanders, needle-nose pliers, and impact wrenches. They are commonly used in construction, woodworking, metalworking, and other industries, as well as in home renovation projects.

[0224] Another subject of the invention is the use of lubricant compositions according to one or more embodiments described above and below for lubricating tribological systems, preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed, and / or selected from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools, and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed.

[0225] In a preferred embodiment, the use includes lubricating a tribological system selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools.

[0226] Another subject of the invention is the use of a lubricant composition designed as a lubricant according to one or more embodiments described above and below for lubricating a tribological system, said lubricant composition comprising at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) combined with at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) (wherein a1) and a2) are defined as described above and below), optionally, combined with at least one base oil a3) different from a1) and a2) as a base oil, said tribological system preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and / or feed, and / or selected from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and / or feed.

[0227] In a preferred embodiment, the use of the lubricant composition designed as a lubricant includes lubricating tribological systems selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools.

[0228] For these applications, gearboxes and / or industrial gearboxes as components of power tools are preferred. Particularly preferred applications are for lubricating work equipment used in the processing of food, luxury goods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed.

[0229] Both open and closed transmissions can be lubricated. In a preferred embodiment, the closed transmission is lubricated because the characteristics of the system can be maintained particularly stably there.

[0230] Another subject of the invention is a tribological system, preferably selected from gearboxes and / or bearings, comprising a lubricant composition according to one or more embodiments described above and below.

[0231] The tribological system is preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed, and / or from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools, and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed.

[0232] In a preferred embodiment, the tribological system is selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools.

[0233] Preferred tribological systems are gearboxes as components of power tools and / or gearboxes in electric vehicles, particularly gearboxes for wet or dry electric vehicle axles. Particularly preferred tribological systems are working devices used in processing food, luxury goods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or animal feed. Particularly preferred gearboxes are enclosed gearboxes. Attached Figure Description

[0234] Figure 1 The composition according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 20 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribek curve of the comparative composition at 25°C / s Figure 2 The composition according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 20 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribek curve of the comparative composition at 40°C / s Figure 3 The composition according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 20 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of the comparative composition at 60°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 4 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribek curve of the comparative composition 2 at 40°C / s Figure 5 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribeck curve of comparative composition 2 at 25°C / s Figure 6 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribek curve of the comparative composition 2 at 60°C / s Figure 7 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative composition 2 at 25°C, 2.5 m / s, and 50 N. Figure 8 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 9 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 10 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Comparative Example 3: Stribek curve at 25°C / s Figure 11 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Comparative Example 3: Stribek curve at 40℃ / s Figure 12 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Comparative Example 3: Stribek curve at 60℃ / s Figure 13 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative composition 3 at 25°C, 2.5 m / s, and 50 N. Figure 14 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 3 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 15 Example 12 of the present invention and a viscosity of approximately 320 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 3 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 16 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribeck curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 25°C / s Figure 17 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribeck curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 40°C / s Figure 18 Composition 7 according to the present invention has a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 19 Quality changes of different samples during open storage Figure 20 Friction comparison of composition 20 according to the present invention and Comparative Example 26 Figure 21 Traction curves of composition 20 and comparative example 26 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s Figure 22 Compositions 7, 49, and 50 according to the present invention have a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribek curve of the comparative composition 2 at 40°C / s Figure 23 Compositions 7, 49, and 50 according to the present invention have a viscosity of about 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 24 Stribeck curves of compositions 38, 44 and 51 according to the present invention at 60°C Figure 25 Traction curves of compositions 38, 44, and 51 according to the present invention at 60°C and 2.5 m / s. Figure 26 Compositions 67 and 68 according to the present invention have a viscosity of 220 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition 27 at 40°C / s Figure 27 Compositions 67 and 68 according to the present invention have a viscosity of 220 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative composition 27 at 40°C, 2.5 m / s, and 50 N. Detailed Implementation

[0235] The following examples are used to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit it in any way.

[0236] Example I. Examples of Application Technologies In the following application examples, all kinematic viscosities are expressed in mm. 2 Units are per second; all densities are in g / ml; and resistivity is in Ohm*cm. All tests were conducted using one batch of each material. The EO / PO copolymers used are statistical copolymers, not block copolymers. The EO / PO copolymers are OH-terminated.

[0237] Use the following polymers: EO homopolymer 1: hydrogen-capped (starting from H2O), molecular weight 200 g / mol, viscosity at 40°C approximately 22 mm. 2 / s, melting point -45 ℃. EO homopolymer 1 is sourced from Carbowax™ polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 (Dow).

[0238] EO / PO copolymer 1: Starting with 1,2-propanediol, with a molecular weight of 3500 g / mol, the mass ratio of EO to PO is approximately 60:40, and the viscosity at 40°C is approximately 450 mmHg. 2 / s. EO / PO copolymer 1 was purchased as Synalox 40 D 300™ (Dow).

[0239] EO / PO copolymer 2, starting with butanol, has a molecular weight of 1600 g / mol, an EO to PO mass ratio of approximately 45:55, and a viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 / s. EO / PO copolymer 2 was purchased as Synalox 55-70 B™ (Dow).

[0240] EO / PO copolymer 3, starting with butanol, has a molecular weight of 570 g / mol, an EO to PO mass ratio of approximately 47:52, and a viscosity of approximately 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s. EO / PO copolymer 3 was sourced from Breox™ 50 A 20 (BASF).

[0241] EO homopolymer 2: hydrogen-capped (starting from H2O), molecular weight 400 g / mol. Viscosity at 40°C is approximately 40 mm. 2 / s. Melting point is approximately 6°C. EO homopolymer 2 is sourced from Carbowax™ polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 (Dow).

[0242] EO / PO copolymer 4: A mixture of two structurally identical EO / PO copolymers, with 1,2-propanediol as the initiator and an ethylene oxide to propylene oxide content (mass ratio) of 60:40. These copolymers have different viscosities. The two structurally identical EO / PO copolymers used for mixing have a viscosity of approximately 70 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s and 150 mm 2 / s. The two blend ingredients are sourced as Synalox™ 40-D50 and Synalox™ 40-D100 (DOW).

[0243] EO homopolymer 3: monomethylated, meaning one terminal group is a methyl group and the other is an OH group. Its kinematic viscosity at 40°C is approximately 14.5 mm². 2 / s. Molar mass is 350 g / mol. Freezing point is approximately -5℃. EO homopolymer 3 was purchased from ThermoFischer Scientific as poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether), with an average molecular weight of 350 and a melting point of -3℃.

[0244] EO homopolymer 4: dimethylated, meaning both terminal groups are methyl. Its kinematic viscosity at 40°C is approximately 3.4 mm. 2 / s. Molar mass is 250 g / mol. Melting point is -23℃. EO homopolymer 4 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich as polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 250, with a melting point of approximately -23℃.

[0245] EO homopolymer 5: polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, molar mass 500 g / mol, kinematic viscosity at 40°C approximately 28 mmHg. 2 / s. Melting point is approximately 12℃. Homopolymer 5 was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific as poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether), with a molecular weight of 500 g / mol and a melting point of 12℃.

[0246] EO homopolymer 6: dimethylated, meaning both end groups are methyl. Its kinematic viscosity at 40°C is approximately 14.6 mm². 2 / s, molar mass is 500 g / mol. Melting point is 13℃. EO homopolymer 6 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich as polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500.

[0247] EO homopolymer 7: hydrogen-terminated (starting from H2O), molecular weight 300 g / mol. Viscosity at 40°C is approximately 31.4 mm. 2 / s. Melting point is approximately -12℃. Molar mass is 300 g / mol. EO homopolymer 7 was purchased from Avantor's polyethylene glycol 300.

[0248] BuO / PO copolymer 1: The ratio of epoxide butane to propylene oxide is approximately 1:1, starting with dodecyl alcohol, and the base oil viscosity is approximately 32 mm. 2 / s. (Ucon OSP 32).

[0249] PO homopolymer 1: Starting with butanol, the base oil viscosity at 40°C is approximately 30 mm. 2 / s. Molar mass is approximately 950 g / mol. PO homopolymer 1 is sourced from Synalox™ 100-20 B (Dow).

[0250] Ester 1: Trimethylolpropane ester, which is formed by the esterification of trimethylolpropane with C8 / C10 fatty acids, has a kinematic viscosity of approximately 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s. Ester 1 is sourced from Priolube™ 3970 (Croda).

[0251] EO / PO copolymer 5: The initiator is 1,2-propanediol, the content (mass) of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is 60:40, and the viscosity at 40°C is 70 mm. 2 / s. EO / PO copolymer 5 was purchased as Synalox™ 40-D50 (DOW).

[0252] EO / PO copolymer 6: The content (mass) of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is 75:25, both ends of the chain are functionalized with OH, and the viscosity at 40°C is 17000 mm. 2 / s. The molar mass is approximately 12000 g / mol. The EO / PO copolymer 6 was purchased as UCON(TM) LUBRICANT 75-H-90.000.

[0253] To prepare the mixture, weigh each component into a beaker and stir at a maximum temperature of 100°C for up to 1 hour until a clear and homogeneous mixture is formed. Then cool it to room temperature, let it stand for about 1 hour, and then visually inspect it.

[0254] Example A: The base oil viscosity is 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of mixture The base oil viscosity was 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s different mixtures Table 1: Compositions according to the present invention and viscosity of 20 mm at 40°C 2 Physical property data of the comparative composition / s.

[0255] Figure 1The composition according to the invention is shown, and its viscosity at 40°C is about 20 mm. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition at 25°C / s.

[0256] Figure 2 The composition according to the invention is shown, and its viscosity at 40°C is about 20 mm. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition at 40°C / s.

[0257] Figure 3 The composition according to the invention is shown, and its viscosity at 40°C is about 20 mm. 2 The traction curve of the comparative composition at 60°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0258] Stribek curves at 25°C and 40°C show that the coefficient of friction is significantly reduced by incorporating EO homopolymer, with the reduction in friction increasing as the content increases. This is unexpected, given that the kinematic viscosity is within a comparable range. Traction curves at 60°C show that the composition according to the invention is superior to the comparative composition across all slip-to-roll ratios.

[0259] As the content of EO homopolymer increases, the resistivity decreases.

[0260] Example B: The base oil viscosity is 100 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of mixture The following experiment aims to verify whether the effect described in Example A can also be observed at higher viscosities. In the first step, EO / PO copolymer 1 (439.3 mm at 40°C) was used. 2 The mixture was mixed with EO homopolymer 1 to find a mixture with a dynamic viscosity at 60°C that was as close as possible to that of pure EO / PO copolymer 2. Table 2, 100 mm 2 / s of mixture Example 7 of the present invention has very similar viscosity characteristics to Comparative Example 2, and the effects of the present invention can be well evaluated based on this composition.

[0261] Figure 4 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition 2 at 40°C / s.

[0262] Figure 5This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition 2 at 25°C / s.

[0263] Figure 6 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition 2 at 60°C / s.

[0264] At 25°C and 40°C, Example 7 according to the invention is advantageous in all speed ranges, and at 60°C it is advantageous in the EHD range.

[0265] Figure 7 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative composition 2 at 25°C, 2.5 m / s, and 50 N.

[0266] Figure 8 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0267] Figure 9 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0268] Regarding these traction curves, Example 7 according to the invention exhibits lower friction than Comparative Example 2 at all measured temperatures and at all SRRs.

[0269] Example C The base oil viscosity is 320 mm at 40°C. 2 / s of mixture These tests aimed to verify whether the aforementioned effect also applies to a viscosity of 320 mm at 40°C. 2 A mixture of / s. Table 3: 320 mm 2 / s of mixture The viscosity data of Comparative Example 3 and Example 12 according to the present invention can be compared well.

[0270] Figure 10 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2Comparative Example 3 shows the Stribek curve at 25°C.

[0271] Figure 11 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2 Comparative Example 3 shows the Stribek curve at 40℃.

[0272] Figure 12 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2 Comparative Example 3 shows the Stribek curve at 60℃.

[0273] At all observed temperatures, the friction of Example 12 according to the invention was lower than that of Comparative Example 3 within the observed speed range.

[0274] Figure 13 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 3 at 25°C and 2.5 m / s. Traction curve at 2.5 m / s and 50 N.

[0275] Figure 14 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 3 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0276] Figure 15 Example 12 according to the invention is shown, and the viscosity at 40°C is about 320 mm. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 3 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0277] For all three temperatures and across all SRR ratios, Example 12 according to the invention exhibits lower friction than Comparative Example 3.

[0278] Example D) Comparison of the mixture according to the invention with a non-invention mixture composed of two EO / PO copolymers (viscosity 100 mm at 40°C). 2 / s) The following examples illustrate the advantages of combining an EO homopolymer with an EO / PO copolymer compared to combining only the two EO / PO copolymers. In this case, based on Example 7 according to the invention, EO homopolymer 1 is replaced with EO / PO copolymer 3, which has a similar viscosity at 40°C. The ratio of the two base oils in Comparative Example 5 has been fine-tuned to adjust the mixed viscosity. Table 4: 100 mm at 40℃2 A mixture of / s; a comparison with a non-inventory mixture containing two EO / PO copolymers. Figure 16 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribeck curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 25°C / s.

[0279] Figure 17 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Stribeck curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 40°C / s.

[0280] Figure 18 This illustrates composition 7 according to the invention and its viscosity of approximately 100 mm at 40°C. 2 Traction curves of comparative compositions 2 and 5 at 60°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0281] The results show that the friction caused by Example 7 according to the present invention is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 5. This indicates that combining the EO homopolymer with the EO / PO copolymer has advantages compared to combining the two EO / PO copolymers.

[0282] Example D) Comparison of miscibility between EO homopolymers and EO / PO copolymers with different initiator compounds and ethylene oxide contents. Mixtures of EO homopolymer 1 and EO / PO copolymer 2 were prepared in different proportions. For comparison, EO / PO copolymer 4 was used instead of EO / PO copolymer 2. EO / PO copolymer 4 was a mixture of two structurally identical EO / PO copolymers with 1,2-propanediol as the initiator compound and an ethylene oxide to propylene oxide content (mass ratio) of 60:40. These copolymers had different viscosities. The two structurally identical EO / PO copolymers used for mixing had a viscosity of approximately 70 mmHg at 40°C. 2 / s and 150 mm 2 / s. A suitable mixing ratio was selected so that the synthesized EO / PO copolymer 4 had the same viscosity as EO / PO copolymer 2. Therefore, they are comparable in viscosity. Table 6: Mixture of EO homopolymer 1 and EO / PO copolymer 4 Example E) Miscibility of high molecular weight (600 g / mol and above) EO homopolymers with EO / PO copolymers having different initiator compounds and ethylene oxide contents. Table 7: Mixtures with high molecular weight ethylene oxide homopolymers When the molecular weight of the EO homopolymer is 600 or above, it is miscible only above the melting point of the ethylene oxide homopolymer.

[0283] Example F) A composition according to the invention comprising an EO homopolymer (EO homopolymer 2) having a molar mass of 400 g / mol and two EO / PO copolymers with different viscosities. Table 8: Compositions according to the present invention containing EO homopolymer 2 and EO / PO copolymer 2 Table 9: Compositions according to the invention containing EO homopolymer 2 and EO / PO copolymer 3 Tables 8 and 9 show that EO homopolymer 2 is completely miscible with the two EO / PO copolymers studied.

[0284] Example G) A composition according to the invention having a monomethylated EO homopolymer Table 10: Compositions according to the present invention having EO homopolymer 3 and EO / PO copolymer 3 Table 10 shows that monomethylated EO homopolymer 3 is completely miscible with EO / PO copolymer 3.

[0285] Example H) A composition according to the invention having a dimethylated EO homopolymer Table 11: Compositions according to the present invention containing EO homopolymer 4 and EO / PO copolymer 3 Table 11 shows that the dimethylated EO homopolymer 4 is completely miscible with the EO / PO copolymer 3.

[0286] Example I: Research on polyethylene glycol with different structures as other base oil components Different amounts of BuO / PO copolymer 1 were added to Examples 2 and 5 according to the invention, which contained EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1. Furthermore, another composition according to the invention (Example 43 according to the invention) was prepared, which contained the same amounts of EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1 and also incorporated different amounts of BuO / PO copolymer 1. Table 12: Study of mixtures containing BuO / PO copolymer 1 as other oil components Table 12 shows that if the concentration ratio of the components in the ternary mixture [(100*3*EO homopolymer content) / (3*EO / PO copolymer content + 0.33*other oil component content)] does not exceed 30, it has particularly good and long-lasting miscibility. Table 13: Physical data of the mixtures in Table 13, supplementing another composition 43 according to the invention (EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1 only, in a ratio of 50:50). Different amounts of propylene oxide homopolymer 1 (PO homopolymer 1) were added to Examples 2 and 5 according to the invention, which contained EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1. Furthermore, another composition according to the invention (Example 43 according to the invention) was prepared, which contained the same amounts of EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1 and also incorporated different amounts of propylene homopolymer 1. Table 14: Study of mixtures containing PO homopolymer 1 as other oil components Table 14 shows that if the concentration ratio of the components in the ternary mixture [(100*3*EO homopolymer content) / (3*EO / PO copolymer content + 0.33*other oil component content)] does not exceed 30, it has particularly good and long-lasting miscibility. Table 15: Physical data of the mixtures in Table 14 Example J: Research on esters as components of other base oils Different amounts of ester 1 are added to Example 2 according to the invention, which contains EO / PO copolymer 3 and EO homopolymer 1. Table 16: Studies of mixtures containing ester 1 as other oil components The table shows that particularly good and long-lasting miscibility exists when the component ratio is 23-30 based on [(100*3*EO homopolymer content) / (3*EO / PO copolymer content + 0.33*ester content as other oil components)]. Table 17: Physical data of the mixtures in Table 16 Example K: Water absorption rate 50.0 g each of EO homopolymer 1, EO / PO copolymers 1 and 3, a mixture of the two EO / PO copolymers, and a mixture of EO homopolymer 1 and EO / PO copolymer 3 (according to Example 5 of the present invention) were stored in an open container in 100 ml glass containers. The opening diameter was 3.8 cm. During storage, the temperature fluctuated between 21°C and 25°C. The air humidity fluctuated between 35% and 37%. The containers were stored for a total of 110 days, and the mass change of the sample containers containing the samples was measured.

[0287] Figure 19 This shows the quality changes of different samples when stored in an open environment.

[0288] For all samples, the mass increased due to the absorption of air humidity. The mass increase of samples containing EO homopolymer 1 remained stable at approximately 5%. The mass increase of EO / PO copolymers was slightly lower, at approximately 1%.

[0289] Experiments showed that, for samples containing EO homopolymers, the increase in mass and water absorption were limited. The water content of the samples was also confirmed by the Karl Fischer coulometric method according to DIN 51777:2016-08.

[0290] L) Proof of reduced friction when using EO homopolymer 2 Regarding the friction effect, Example 20 according to the present invention is compared with Comparative Example 26. Table 18: Physical data according to Example 20 and Comparative Example 26 of the present invention The table shows that the viscosity data are highly comparable, especially at 40°C. Figure 20 This indicates that when the Stribek curve is plotted at 40°C, the composition 20 according to the invention has lower friction than Comparative Example 26. Figure 21 The traction curves of the two compositions at 40°C and 2.5 m / s are shown. Composition 20 according to the invention further results in a lower coefficient of friction.

[0291] M) Evidence of reduced friction when using monomethylated and dimethylated EO homopolymers 3 and 4.

[0292] A mixture of two EO homopolymers and EO / PO copolymer 1 was prepared. The kinematic viscosity of this mixture at 40°C was approximately 100 mm. 2 / s, thus allowing for a good comparison with Example 7 and Comparative Example 2 according to the present invention. Table 19: V40 prepared from EO homopolymers with different end groups is approximately 100 mm. 2Comparison of physical properties of mixtures per s The VI of EO / PO copolymer 1 is 254. Surprisingly, the addition of EO homopolymer 4 (whose own VI is only about 140) leads to an increase in VI. This is surprising because the mixture in item H) did not show this effect.

[0293] Figure 22 Compositions 7, 49, and 50 according to the present invention are shown, and their viscosity at 40°C is approximately 100 mm. 2 The Stribeck curve of the comparative composition 2 at 40°C / s.

[0294] Figure 23 Compositions 7, 49, and 50 according to the present invention are shown, and their viscosity at 40°C is approximately 100 mm. 2 Traction curve of comparative composition 2 at 40°C and 2.5 m / s.

[0295] All compositions according to the present invention exhibit very similar properties, with a significantly lower coefficient of friction than the comparative compositions.

[0296] N) Measurement results of samples according to the invention, including third base oils Two samples according to the invention were selected from study I), each containing 10 wt% of another base oil (PO homopolymer 1 or BuO / PO copolymer 1). Furthermore, another sample, namely sample 51 according to the invention, was prepared based on the same mixture 2 according to the invention by adding 10 wt% of ester 1. Table 20: Comparison of physical properties of blends containing another base oil In addition to EO homopolymer 1 and an EO / PO copolymer, formulations 38, 44, and 51 according to the invention also contain another base oil (non-EO / PO copolymer), and in the Stribeck curve ( Figure 24 ) and the traction curve at 60℃ and 2.5 m / s ( Figure 25 All of them showed friction lower than that of the comparative example 1.

[0297] This effect can also be observed at 25°C and 40°C. Even in the presence of additional base oil (a3), the effect according to the invention is maintained.

[0298] O) The composition according to the invention having a dimethylated EO homopolymer, i.e., EO homopolymer 6, having a molar mass of 500 g / mol. Table 21: Compositions according to the invention having EO homopolymer 6 and EO / PO copolymer 3 Table 21 shows that dimethylated EO homopolymer 6 is completely miscible with EO / PO copolymer 3. EO homopolymer 4, with a lower molar mass, exhibits good miscibility and also demonstrates excellent low-temperature properties.

[0299] P) The composition according to the invention having a monomethylated EO homopolymer of 500 g / mol, i.e., EO homopolymer 5. Table 22: Compositions according to the invention having EO homopolymer 5 and EO / PO copolymer 3 Table 22 shows that monomethylated EO homopolymer 5 is initially miscible with EO / PO copolymer 3, but after prolonged standing, it forms an emulsion and ceases to be a clear solution. In contrast, EO homopolymer 3, with a lower molar mass, is significantly more miscible with EO homopolymer 5.

[0300] Q) The composition according to the invention having an EO homopolymer of 300 g / mol, i.e., EO homopolymer 7. EO homopolymer 7 has a kinematic viscosity of 31.4 mm at 40°C. 2 / s, with a molar mass of 300 g / mol and a melting point of approximately -13℃. Table 23: Compositions according to the invention having EO homopolymer 7 and EO / PO copolymer 1.

[0301] Table 23 shows that EO homopolymer 7 is well miscible with EO / PO copolymer 1. These compositions are particularly suitable for use in food processing machinery and conveying equipment in the food industry because EO / PO copolymer 1 has a sufficiently high molar mass.

[0302] R) Formation of the lubricating film thickness of the two compositions according to the invention Table 24: The two V40 sizes according to the present invention are approximately 220 mm. 2 / s composition, lubricating film thickness Although both examples 67 and 68 have comparable viscosities, example 67, with its lower EO homopolymer content, exhibits almost twice the lubricating film thickness. This is preferred because it significantly reduces the risk of wear.

[0303] Figure 26 and Figure 27 This demonstrates that, compared to Comparative Example 27, Examples 67 and 68 according to the present invention have advantageous frictional properties, especially at higher speeds. Figure 26This indicates that the mixture 67 according to the invention has significantly lower friction at lower speeds than the mixture 68 according to the invention, consistent with the results of layer thickness measurements.

[0304] Measurement methods Melting point / glass transition point Melting point / glass transition point is measured at a heating rate of 10°K / min according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018. The determination of melting point according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 can be used to determine whether a substance has a melting point or glass transition point below 20°C.

[0305] Molecular weight Mn For all PGs, measurements were performed according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03.

[0306] Water content Water content can be measured by the Karl Fischer coulometric method according to DIN 51777:2016-08.

[0307] Viscosity Index The viscosity index (VI) can be calculated from kinematic viscosity in the manner given in DIN ISO 2909:2004-08.

[0308] density Density was determined using a Stabinger rheometer at 20°C (ρ20), 40°C (ρ40), and 100°C (ρ100) according to DIN 51757:2011-01.

[0309] Pour point The pour point shall be determined according to DIN ISO 3016-2017-11.

[0310] solubility If the substance under study forms a homogeneous phase with the base oil, it is considered to have solubility in the base oil. To determine solubility, the mixture of base oil and substance is typically heated to 100°C while being stirred, followed by cooling. After cooling to 20°C, the formation of a homogeneous phase is checked.

[0311] Stribek curve and traction curve Stribeck curves and traction curves were created using PCS-Instruments' MTM instrument. Lubricating film thickness measurement at 40℃ and 60℃ The thickness of the lubricating film was created using the PCS-Instruments EHD2 tribometer.

Claims

1. A lubricant composition comprising a) a base oil, said base oil comprising a1) At least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a2) At least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer.

2. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is from 5 wt% to 45 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

3. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, -Base oil a) comprises 50 wt% to 99 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. - The content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is from 5 wt% to 45 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

4. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, -Base oil a) comprises 50 wt% to 99 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. -Based on the total weight of the base oil, the content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is from 15 wt% to 50 wt%. - The content of the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is from 50 wt% to 85 wt% based on the total weight of the base oil.

5. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil.

6. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubricant composition comprises a) 50 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 60 wt% to 98 wt%, particularly 70 wt% to 98 wt% of a base oil, which, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, comprises a1) at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer, in the form of 15 wt% to 50 wt% or 10 wt% to 40 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 30 wt%, particularly 10 wt% to 24 wt%, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is preferably prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, particularly water and / or C 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and their mixtures, a2) 50 wt% to 85 wt%, preferably 76 wt% to 85 wt%, of at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, based on the total weight of the base oil, wherein the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) preferably comprises at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and In the general formula (II), the structural group is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line. The total content of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) and the at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) based on the total weight of the base oil is at least 80 wt%, for example, from 80 wt% to 100 wt%, preferably from 90 wt% to 100 wt%. a3) Optionally, based on the total weight of the base oils, at least one base oil different from a1) and a2) is present in a content of 2 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 10 wt%, of the base oil, wherein the base oil a3) different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is preferably selected from esters, ethers and mixtures thereof, excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers. b) Optionally, 0.3 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably 0.3 wt% to 10 wt%, particularly 0.5 wt% to 8 wt% of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one additive is preferably selected from corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal passivators, viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, free radical scavengers, UV stabilizers, pour point depressants, friction coefficient modifiers, additives for improving high-pressure characteristics, adhesion promoters, defoamers, and mixtures thereof. c) Optionally, 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt% of at least one thickener, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the at least one thickener is preferably selected from metal single soaps of Group 1 elements, metal single soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum single soaps, metal complex soaps of Group 1 elements, metal complex soaps of Group 2 elements, aluminum complex soaps, urea thickeners, metal sulfonate thickeners, inorganic or organic solid lubricants, preferably waxes, particularly natural waxes, polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, paraffin waxes, lignite waxes, microcrystalline waxes, polyamide waxes, polyester waxes, metal phosphates, metal oxides, metal carbonates, boron nitride, carbon black, graphite, metal chalcogenides, perfluoropolymers, non-fluoropolymers, silicon oxides, and mixtures of two or more of the thickeners therein.

7. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) is prepared from ethylene oxide as a monomer and / or ethylene glycol as a monomer, and from a monofunctional initiator compound, particularly water and / or C. 1-6 Monohydric alcohol, more preferably water and / or C 1-4 Monohydric alcohols, especially water, methanol and mixtures thereof.

8. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) has terminal hydrogen and / or terminal C 1-6 Alkyl groups, more preferably having terminal hydrogen and / or terminal C 1-4 alkyl.

9. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1) contains only chains composed of oxyethylene groups and has terminal hydrogens at both ends.

10. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6 and 8 to 9, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide homopolymer is a compound of general formula (I): in R a Selected from H, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 2-4 Alkylene, C 3-6 Phenylene and C 5-8 Alkyl tetrayl, R b Selected from H, C 1-6 alkyl, in, In R a C 2-4 When alkylene oxide is involved, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has two alkylene oxide molecules. Fragment, In R a C 3-6 When the alkylene oxide is trialkyl, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has 3 Fragment, In R a C 5-8 When alkyl tetrayl, the ethylene oxide homopolymer has 4 Fragment, p is an integer from 3 to 20, preferably an integer from 4 to 14, and especially an integer from 5 to 10.

11. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide homopolymer is a compound of general formula (I): in R a and R b They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 alkyl, p is an integer from 3 to 20, preferably an integer from 4 to 14, and especially an integer from 5 to 10.

12. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The molecular weight Mn of the ethylene oxide homopolymer (a1), as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 150 g / mol to 550 g / mol, preferably from 200 g / mol to 500 g / mol, and particularly from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol.

13. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The melting point of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1), as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 at a heating rate of 10°K / min, is not more than 20°C, for example, from -65°C to 20°C, more preferably not more than 10°C, for example, from -65°C to 10°C; and / or the glass transition point of the homopolymer a1, as measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2018 at a heating rate of 10°K / min, is not more than 20°C, for example, from -65°C to 20°C, more preferably not more than 10°C, for example, from -65°C to 10°C.

14. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The kinematic viscosity of the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1), as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 3 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 50mm 2 / s, preferably 10 mm 2 / s to 50 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm 2 / s to 45 mm 2 / s, especially 22 to 38 mm 2 / s.

15. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) has at least one bridging group selected from 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-ethylenediol, pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.

16. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least 40 wt%, for example, 40 wt% to 60 wt%, of the end groups of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) are alkyl groups, preferably C4. 1-6 alkyl.

17. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) includes at least one structural group of general formula (II): in R is selected from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m ranges from 3 to 20. n is between 4 and 85, and The repeating units can be in any order, and The structural group of the general formula (II) is connected to the end group or bridging group by a bond shown as a wavy line.

18. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is a compound of general formula (III): in R 1 and R 2 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C. 1-4 alkyl, m is 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 20. n is 4 to 85, preferably 5 to 20. The repeating units can be in any order; Or it could be a compound of general formula (IV): in R 1 and R 2 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 alkyl, R 3 and R 4 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 Alkyl groups, particularly those selected from H and methyl, Each m is independently between 3 and 20. Each n is independently between 4 and 85. The repeating units can be in any order; Or it could be a compound of the general formula (V): in R 1 R 2 R 3 and R 4 They are selected independently from H and C. 1-6 Alkyl groups, preferably selected from H and C 1-4 Alkyl groups, especially those with H, Each m is independently 3 to 20, preferably 4 to 20. Each n is independently 4 to 85, preferably 4 to 50. The repeating units can be in any order.

19. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), the weight proportion of the ethylene oxide repeating unit in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is at least 20 wt%, for example, from 20 wt% to 90 wt%, preferably at least 30 wt%, for example, from 30 wt% to 80 wt%, more preferably at least 40 wt%, for example, from 40 wt% to 80 wt%, particularly at least 50 wt%, for example, from 50 wt% to 80 wt%.

20. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2), the total weight ratio of the oxyethylene repeating unit and the oxymethyl ethylene repeating unit in the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer (a2) is preferably at least 90 wt%, for example, from 90 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably at least 95 wt%, for example, from 95 wt% to 100 wt%.

21. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The molecular weight (Mn) of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, as measured according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, is from 500 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 1,500 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol.

22. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubricant composition comprises at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) combined with at least one ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2), wherein the molecular weight Mn of the at least one ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) is from 200 g / mol to 400 g / mol, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03, using THF as solvent and polystyrene as calibration standard, and the molecular weight Mn of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2) is from 1500 g / mol to 25000 g / mol, as determined according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03.

23. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubricant composition is free of water, or contains only less than 10 wt%, for example 0 wt% to 10 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 8 wt%, particularly 0.1 wt% to 6 wt% of water, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the water content is determined by the Karl Fischer coulometric method according to DIN 51777:2016-08.

24. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The base oil a3, which is different from the ethylene oxide homopolymer a1) and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer a2), is preferably selected from esters, ethers excluding ethylene oxide homopolymers and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

25. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubricant composition is designed as a lubricating oil, and its kinematic viscosity at 40°C, as determined according to ASTM-D-7042 (September 2014 edition), is 20 mmHg. 2 / s to 25,000 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 3200 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 1500 mm 2 / s, more preferably 68 mm at 40°C. 2 / s to 680 mm 2 / s, especially at 40°C, is 100 mm. 2 / s to 320 mm 2 / s.

26. The lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubricant composition is designed as a grease and contains at least one thickener c), wherein the content of the at least one thickener c) is 3 wt% to 45 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 35 wt%, particularly 5 wt% to 25 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

27. Use of a lubricant composition according to any one or more of the preceding claims for lubricating a tribological system, preferably selected from gearboxes, particularly industrial gearboxes, gearboxes in electric vehicles, gearboxes as components of power tools, and / or gearboxes for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed, and / or selected from bearings, particularly bearings in industrial equipment, bearings in vehicles (such as automobiles), bearings as components of power tools, and / or bearings for working equipment used in processing food, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and / or feed.

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