Coexistence scenarios and interference management and TN-NTN coordination

Abstract

An apparatus configured for operating in a wireless communication system and for receiving a communication using a reception resource, the apparatus configured to measure interference in a resource different from the reception resource; and / or to measure interference in a resource allocated to a further apparatus for reception; and the apparatus configured to provide a measurement report depending on the measurement result and / or to adjust operation of the apparatus based on the measurement result.

Description

[0001] Embodiments of this application relate to the field of wireless communication, and more specifically, to signal processing for wireless communication. Some embodiments relate to providing a low physical layer (PHY) flexible radio link.

[0002] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a terrestrial wireless network 100. As shown in Figure 1(a), the terrestrial wireless network 100 includes a core network 102 and one or more radio access networks RAN1, RAN2, ..., RAN1. N Figure 1(b) shows the Radio Access Network (RAN). n A schematic diagram of an example, Radio Access Network (RAN). n It may include one or more base stations gNB1 to gNB5, each base station serving a specific area around the base station, which is schematically represented by cells 1061 to 1065 respectively. The base stations are configured to serve users within the cell. The term base station (BS) refers to gNB in ​​5G networks, eNB in ​​UMTS / LTE / LTE-A / LTE-APro, or simply BS in other mobile communication standards. Users may be fixed or mobile devices. The wireless communication system may also be accessed by mobile or fixed IoT devices connected to the base station or users. Mobile devices or IoT devices may include physical devices, land-based vehicles (such as robots or cars), aircraft (such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the latter also known as drones), buildings, and other items or devices embedded therein with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, etc., and having network connectivity that enables these devices to collect and exchange data through existing network infrastructure. Figure 1(b) exemplarily shows five cells; however, RAN nThere may be more or fewer such cells, and RANn may also include only one base station. Figure 1(b) shows two users, UE1 and UE2, located in cell 1062 and served by base station gNB2, also referred to as user equipment (UE). Another user, UE3, is shown located in cell 1064 served by base station gNB4. Arrows 1081, 1082, and 1083 schematically represent uplink / downlink connections used to transmit data from users UE1, UE2, and UE3 to base stations gNB2 and gNB4, or to users UE1, UE2, and UE3. Furthermore, Figure 1(b) shows two IoT devices, 1101 and 1102, in cell 1064, which may be fixed or mobile devices. IoT device 1101 accesses the wireless communication system via base station gNB4 to receive and transmit data, as schematically shown by arrow 1121. IoT device 1102 accesses the wireless communication system via user UE3, as schematically shown by arrow 1122. The corresponding base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to the core network 102, for example, via the S1 interface through corresponding backhaul links 1141 to 1145, which are schematically represented in Figure 1(b) by arrows pointing to the "core". The core network 102 can be connected to one or more external networks. Furthermore, some or all of the corresponding base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to each other, for example, via the S1 or X2 interface or the XN interface in the NR, through corresponding backhaul links 1161 to 1165, which are schematically represented in Figure 1(b) by arrows pointing to the "gNB". The embodiments described herein are not limited to terrestrial networks (TN), but also relate to networks at least partially implemented as non-terrestrial networks (NTN), as shown with reference to satellite S1 in Figure 1. Satellite S1 can, for example, operate to bridge communications between different base stations, to serve one or more UEs and / or cells on the ground, for example, as a non-terrestrial base station, or to communicate with different satellites.

[0003] For data transmission, a physical resource grid can be used. A physical resource grid can include a set of resource elements to which various physical channels and physical signals are mapped. For example, physical channels can include physical downlink shared channels, physical uplink shared channels, and physical sidelink shared channels (PDSCH, PUSCH, PSSCH) carrying user-specific data (also known as downlink payload data, uplink payload data, and sidelink payload data); physical broadcast channels (PBCH) carrying, for example, master information blocks (MIBs); physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH) carrying, for example, system information blocks (SIBs); and physical downlink control channels, physical uplink control channels, and physical sidelink control channels (PDCCH, PUCCH, PSCCH) carrying, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), and sidelink control information (SCI). For the uplink, the physical channel, or more precisely, according to the 3GPP transport channel, may also include a physical random access channel (PRACH or RACH). Once the UE is synchronized and has acquired the MIB and SIB, the UE uses the physical random access channel to access the network. Physical signals may include reference signals or symbols (RS), synchronization signals, etc. The resource grid may include frames or radio frames with a certain duration in the time domain and a given bandwidth in the frequency domain. Frames may have a certain number of subframes of a predefined length (e.g., 1 ms). Depending on the length of the cyclic prefix (CP), each subframe may include one or more time slots, each with 12 or 14 OFDM symbols. All OFDM symbols may be available for DL ​​or UL, or only a subset thereof may be available for DL ​​or UL, for example, when using shortened transmission time intervals (sTTI) or micro-slot / non-slot-based frame structures that include only a few OFDM symbols.

[0004] The wireless communication system can be any single-tone or multi-carrier system using frequency division multiplexing, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, or any other IFFT-based signal with or without CP, such as DFT-s-OFDM. Other waveforms can be used, such as non-orthogonal waveforms for multiple access, such as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), or universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC). The wireless communication system can operate, for example, according to the LTE-Advanced Pro standard or the NR (5G, New Radio) standard.

[0005] The wireless network or communication system shown in Figure 1 can be a heterogeneous network with different overlay networks, such as a macro cell network and a small cell base station network (not shown in Figure 1), wherein each macro cell includes macro base stations such as base stations gNB1 to gNB5, and the small cell base stations are such as femtocells or picocells.

[0006] In addition to the terrestrial wireless networks described above, there are also non-terrestrial wireless communication networks that include spaceborne transceivers (such as satellites) and / or airborne transceivers (such as unmanned aerial vehicle systems). Non-terrestrial wireless communication networks or systems can operate in a manner similar to the terrestrial systems described above with reference to FIG1, for example, according to the LTE-Advanced Pro standard or the NR (5G, New Radio) standard.

[0007] In mobile communication networks, such as LTE or 5G / NR networks as described above with reference to FIG1, there may be UEs that communicate directly with each other via one or more sidelink (SL) channels (e.g., using a PC5 interface). UEs that communicate directly with each other via SL channels may include vehicles communicating directly with other vehicles (V2V communication) and vehicles communicating with other entities in the wireless communication network (e.g., roadside entities such as traffic lights, traffic signs, or pedestrians) (V2X communication). Other UEs may not be vehicle-related UEs and may include any of the aforementioned devices. Such devices may also communicate directly with each other using SL channels (D2D communication).

[0008] When considering two UEs that communicate directly with each other via a sidelink, both UEs can be served by the same base station, allowing that base station to provide sidelink resource allocation configuration or assistance to the UEs. For example, both UEs can be located within the coverage area of ​​one of the base stations shown in Figure 1. This is called the "in-coverage" scenario. Another scenario is called the "out-of-coverage" scenario. It should be noted that "out-of-coverage" does not mean that the two UEs are not located within one of the cells shown in Figure 1, but rather that these UEs:

[0009] - It may not be connected to the base station; for example, the UE is not in an RRC connected state, and therefore the UE does not receive any sidelink resource allocation configuration or assistance from the base station; and / or

[0010] - It may be connected to a base station, but for one or more reasons, that base station may not provide the UE with sidelink resource allocation configuration or assistance; and / or

[0011] - It may connect to a base station that does not support NR V2X services, such as a GSM, UMTS, or LTE base station.

[0012] When considering two UEs communicating directly with each other via a sidelink, for example, using a PC5 interface, one UE can also connect to a BS and relay information from the BS to the other UE via the sidelink interface. Relaying can be performed in the same frequency band (in-band relay) or in other frequency bands (out-of-band relay). In the former case, communication on the Uu can be decoupled from communication on the sidelink by using different time slots, as in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system.

[0013] In a scenario where two UEs communicating directly with each other are both connected to the base station's coverage area, the base station gNB has a coverage area schematically represented by circle 200, which essentially corresponds to the cell schematically represented in Figure 1. Both UEs communicating directly with each other can be located within the coverage area of ​​the base station gNB. Both UEs can connect to the base station gNB and are also directly connected to each other via the PC5 interface. The gNB assists in the scheduling and / or interference management of V2V services via control signaling on the Uu interface, where the Uu interface is the radio interface between the base station and the UE. In other words, the gNB provides SL resource allocation configuration or assistance to the UEs, and the gNB allocates resources that will be used for V2V communication via the sidelink. This configuration is also known as Mode 1 configuration in NR V2X, or Mode 3 configuration in LTE V2X.

[0014] In out-of-coverage scenarios, UEs communicating directly with each other are either not connected to a base station (although they may be physically located within a cell of the wireless communication network), or some or all of the UEs communicating directly with each other are connected to a base station, but that base station does not provide SL resource allocation configuration or assistance. UEs can communicate directly with each other, for example, using the PC5 interface via a side link. V2V service scheduling and / or interference management are based on algorithms implemented between vehicles. This configuration is also called Mode 2 configuration in NR V2X, or Mode 4 configuration in LTE V2X. As mentioned above, an out-of-coverage scenario does not necessarily mean that the corresponding Mode 2 UE (in NR) or Mode 4 UE (in LTE) is outside the coverage area of ​​a base station, but rather that the corresponding Mode 2 UE (in NR) or Mode 4 UE (in LTE) is not served by a base station, is not connected to a base station in the coverage area, or is connected to a base station but does not receive SL resource allocation configuration or assistance from that base station. Therefore, it is possible that within the coverage area, in addition to NR Mode 1 UEs or LTE Mode 3 UEs, there are also NR Mode 2 UEs or LTE Mode 4 UEs.

[0015] Of course, it is also possible that one of the UEs is covered by the gNB, that is, connected to the gNB via Uu, while the second UE is not covered by the gNB and is only connected to the first UE via the PC5 interface; or the second vehicle is connected to the first vehicle UE via the PC5 interface, but is connected to another gNB via Uu.

[0016] With increasing communication volume and higher requirements, interference has become a significant problem in wireless communication.

[0017] Therefore, wireless communication needs to be improved.

[0018] It should be noted that the information in the above sections is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present invention. Therefore, this information may contain information that does not constitute prior art and is known to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This document describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a wireless communication system;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment, which includes transceivers such as base stations or repeaters and multiple communication devices such as UEs.

[0022] Figure 3 shows a world map of the three regions defined by the ITU;

[0023] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the intra-carrier interference experienced between devices / entities in adjacent cells (WCS).

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic block diagram of a WCS associated with an embodiment including one or more base stations is shown;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram of a WCS having a combination of WCS1 and WCS2 according to an embodiment is shown;

[0026] Figure 7 Several interference mechanisms related to the embodiments and affecting the two wireless communication systems are illustrated;

[0027] Figure 8 It shows the relationship with Figure 7 Similarly, a more detailed illustration of scheduling UEs in time slots 1 through 3;

[0028] Figure 9 It shows the relationship with Figure 8 A similar diagram illustrating two UEs operating under high traffic conditions;

[0029] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of an interference scenario in a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) configuration is shown, wherein the solution concept that forms an embodiment of the present invention is followed;

[0030] Figure 11A schematic diagram of an outdoor-to-indoor cross-link interference scenario according to an embodiment is shown;

[0031] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a possible implementation of flexible timeslots according to an embodiment is shown, and different options for arranging uplink bandwidth portions and downlink bandwidth portions (BWP) are involved;

[0032] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a possible implementation of flexible time slots according to an embodiment is shown, and the issue of inter-MNO is addressed;

[0033] Figure 14 A schematic diagram illustrating a possible implementation of flexible time slots according to an embodiment is shown, and it relates to concepts of cooperation and collaboration related to behavior;

[0034] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a possible implementation of flexible time slots according to an embodiment is shown, and relates to a BTS acting as an uplink receiver and as a victim of interference;

[0035] Figure 16 The overlapping spectrum allocation between Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) services is shown.

[0036] Figure 17 This illustrates potential interference scenarios in the C-band;

[0037] Figure 18 A schematic diagram considering E-UTRA bands 23 and 32 and NR bands n66 and n70 is shown;

[0038] Figure 19 It shows Figure 18 Numerical details;

[0039] Figure 20 A view of EUTRA band 66 (i.e. NR band n66) according to an embodiment is shown;

[0040] Figure 21 An example of channel bandwidth allocation for two MNOs in frequency band 66 according to an embodiment is shown;

[0041] Figure 22 An additional third MNO is shown according to another embodiment.

[0042] Figure 23 An example of the S-parameter description of a 66-band small cell base station duplex filter is shown;

[0043] Figure 24 The illustration shows a satellite providing services to a UE and a BTS providing services to a UE according to an embodiment;

[0044] Figure 25 An example of BTS-to-satellite cross-link interference (CLI) according to an embodiment is shown;

[0045] Figure 26 An example of BTS-to-UE1 co-channel interference (CCI) according to an embodiment is shown;

[0046] Figure 27 An example of satellite-to-UE2 co-channel interference (CCI) according to an embodiment is shown;

[0047] Figure 28 An example of cross-link interference (CLI) between UE1 and UE2 according to an embodiment is shown;

[0048] Figure 29 A summary is shown. Figures 25 to 28 A table detailing the four potential interference scenarios shown;

[0049] Figures 30a-30c illustrate a schematic representation of an ICIC(A) solution proposal applied according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figure 31 A graphical representation of the relationship between the frequency bands of the terrestrial network (TN) and the non-terrestrial network (NTN), which forms the basis of embodiments of the present invention, is shown.

[0051] Figure 32 An exemplary representation of considerations related to embodiments of the present invention is shown;

[0052] Figure 33 A schematic diagram illustrating a wireless communication scenario according to an embodiment, particularly but not limited to the second aspect of the invention; and

[0053] Figure 34 An example of a computer system on which the units or modules and method steps described in the present invention can be executed is shown.

[0054] In the following description, even if they appear in different figures, the same or equivalent elements or elements having the same or equivalent functions are represented by the same or equivalent reference numerals or names.

[0055] In the following description, numerous details are set forth to more fully illustrate embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail so as not to obscure embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, features of the different embodiments described below can be combined with each other.

[0056] Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in the wireless communication system or network shown in FIG1, which includes transceivers (such as base stations, gNBs, or repeaters) and multiple communication devices (such as user equipment (UEs)). Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system, which includes a transceiver 200 (such as a base station or repeater) and various other communication devices 2021 to 202. n (e.g., UE). UEs can communicate directly with each other via a wireless communication link or channel 203 (e.g., a radio link (e.g., using a PC5 interface (sidelink))). Additionally, the transceiver and UE 202 can communicate via a wireless communication link or channel 204 (e.g., a radio link (e.g., using a Uu interface)). Transceiver 200 may include one or more antennas ANT or an antenna array with multiple antenna elements, signal processor 200a, and transceiver unit 200b. UE 202 may include one or more antennas ANT or an antenna array with multiple antennas, processors 202a1 to 202an, and transceiver (e.g., receiver and / or transmitter) units 202b1 to 202bn. Base station 200 and / or one or more UEs 202 can operate according to the teachings of the present invention as described herein.

[0057] In niche or long-tail applications (e.g., Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)) with specific requirements combining ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) with low, medium, or high data rates, the DSP design space requirements can easily exceed the requirements of a unified standard parameter set. Therefore, a standardized mechanism is needed to embed the domain-specific and application-specific DSP requirements of long-tail applications. To implement DSP alternatives over wireless links between at least two nodes, a means must be provided for transmitter and receiver pairs to configure the DSP on demand. This includes, but is not limited to, downloading DSP modules and / or code, as well as installing, configuring, activating, synchronizing, and controlling said DSP modules in open or closed loops. These software modules must be embedded at low or medium physical layers to provide the wireless link enhancements required by long-tail applications. Furthermore, the implementation proposed by the inventors should allow the embedding and use of DSP modules that conform to established standardization and regulatory frameworks but are implementation-specific in detail and therefore quasi-proprietary.

[0058] This disclosure provides a first aspect and a second aspect for improving wireless communication.

[0059] Aspect 1: Coexistence Scenarios and Interference Management

[0060] In conjunction with the first aspect, the set of problems to be solved is first described. To this end, radio spectrum allocation is introduced first, followed by a general problem definition, and then several specific problems are described in detail. A set of complementary or related solution proposals are then defined based on these specific problems. Although the set of problems and solutions is based on the given examples, it is important to note that these examples represent problem types that can also be described by other specific examples. In this sense, the set of specific examples serves to provide a more general relationship between known or anticipated problems and their solutions.

[0061] Radio spectrum allocation

[0062] Radio spectrum is a critical resource for a wide range of communications and broadcasting services, from radio and television broadcasting to mobile communications, satellite services, and various other applications. Spectrum is a finite and valuable resource that requires careful allocation and regulation to ensure efficient and equitable use.

[0063] The allocation of radio spectrum is the responsibility of regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the European Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (CEPT), and similar organizations in other regions. These bodies manage the spectrum by dividing it into multiple bands, each designated for specific purposes and services.

[0064] Spectrum allocation is typically based on a combination of international agreements and national regulations. For example, international agreements developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) provide a framework for global coordination of spectrum use, thereby ensuring cross-border consistency and compatibility. Subsequently, national regulations further refine spectrum allocation within a given country, taking into account local needs and circumstances.

[0065] Spectrum allocations are tailored to accommodate various services and users. For example, certain bands are allocated for terrestrial broadcasting, including AM and FM radio broadcasting and television broadcasting. Other bands are designated for mobile communications, including cellular networks and wireless broadband services. Satellite services have their own designated bands, as do critical services such as aviation, maritime, and public safety communications.

[0066] Radio spectrum regulation is crucial for managing interference, ensuring fair access, and promoting efficient use. Regulatory bodies enforce rules governing spectrum use, including technical standards, power limits, and licensing requirements. These regulations help prevent interference between different services and users, thereby protecting the integrity of communication networks and services.

[0067] Due to differences in national policies, technology adoption, and specific regional needs, spectrum allocation and regulation vary across regions. For example, some regions may prioritize certain services over others, leading to differences in spectrum allocation. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms may differ, thus affecting how spectrum is managed and used in different regions.

[0068] Radio spectrum for both terrestrial and non-terrestrial (space) applications is allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The current radio regulations were established in 2020 and will be revised in 2024 based on the results of the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-23) to be held in Dubai in 2023. For frequency allocation, the world has been divided into three regions as shown in Figure 3, which is a world map showing the three regions defined by the ITU.

[0069] It should be noted that the term "regions" or "regional," with the initial "R" not capitalized, does not necessarily refer to the three regions defined for frequency allocation purposes. However, the following region definition may be applied:

[0070] - Region 1—Arab States, Africa, Europe, Commonwealth of Independent States

[0071] - Region 2—Americas

[0072] Region 3—Asia Pacific

[0073] Allocating specific portions of the radio spectrum to different services, applications, and use cases is a fundamental practice rooted in principles of efficient spectrum management, technical considerations, and the need to mitigate interference. These allocations are determined by a range of factors, including the unique propagation characteristics of different frequency bands, the requirements of various services and applications, and the urgent need to maintain an interference-free communication environment.

[0074] In summary, the allocation of specific portions of the radio spectrum to different services, applications, and use cases is based on considerations of propagation effects and the urgent need to manage interference. By matching frequency allocations to propagation characteristics and implementing interference mitigation measures, regulators can optimize spectrum utilization, facilitate the provision of various communication services, and create an environment conducive to reliable and interference-free wireless communication.

[0075] Spectrum and radio wave propagation

[0076] Propagation effects play a crucial role in radio spectrum allocation. Different frequency bands exhibit different propagation characteristics, thus affecting their suitability for specific applications and services. For example, lower frequency bands (such as those used for AM radio and longwave communications) have superior propagation capabilities, enabling signals to travel longer distances and penetrate obstacles more effectively. On the other hand, higher frequency bands (such as those used for cellular networks and Wi-Fi) have shorter propagation ranges and are more susceptible to attenuation and blockage caused by physical barriers.

[0077] These propagation effects necessitate the allocation of appropriate frequency bands for specific use cases. For example, lower frequency bands are used for long-range communications and broadcasting services, while higher frequency bands are reserved for short-range wireless applications. By matching frequency allocations to propagation characteristics, regulators can optimize spectrum use, enhance coverage, and ensure the effective delivery of various communication services.

[0078] Based on this understanding, the following problems were identified:

[0079] Question 1:

[0080] Interference is a significant issue in spectrum management and allocation. Interference occurs when the signal from one communication system disrupts or degrades the performance of another system operating in the same or nearby frequency band. This interference can originate from various sources, including adjacent channel interference, co-channel interference, and out-of-band emissions.

[0081] Question 2:

[0082] Radio spectrum is a vital resource that requires careful allocation and regulation to accommodate a wide range of communication and broadcasting services, and such careful allocation is not a simple, straightforward solution. International agreements, national regulations, and regional differences all play a role in shaping spectrum allocation and management, with the overall goal of ensuring efficient, fair, and interference-free use of the spectrum by various services and users.

[0083] The embodiments provide solutions to meet the needs of improved communication, such as solutions related to the problems identified herein. For example,

[0084] Allocating specific frequency bands to different services and applications helps mitigate interference. By allocating dedicated frequency bands to different services, the risk of interference between different systems is reduced, resulting in a more coordinated and interference-free spectrum environment. Furthermore, establishing technical standards, power limits, and transmit masks further contributes to mitigating interference, ensuring that communication systems operate within specified parameter ranges to minimize the possibility of mutual interference.

[0085] A method implemented, for example, by a resource allocation device (such as a base station), may include allocating resources (such as frequency bands) to different services and / or applications.

[0086] Frequency reuse in cellular systems

[0087] Cellular communication systems reuse spectrum throughout an area, providing continuous connectivity to mobile users within the same frequency band. 4G and 5G systems typically employ full frequency reuse, meaning that adjacent macrocells simultaneously use the same frequency band for transmission and reception.

[0088] Based on this understanding, the following problems were identified:

[0089] Question 3:

[0090] This will cause inter-cell interference at the points where cell coverage areas overlap.

[0091] Solution:

[0092] Regarding overlapping coverage areas, but not limited to these, embodiments involve inter-cell interference and address such interference through interference coordination or cooperation at different PHY levels (L1, L2, L3), which may be supported by reference signals specifically associated with each cell to measure and report observed interference. That is, according to embodiments, devices such as UEs and / or base stations may use reference signals associated with a specific cell for signaling purposes and / or interference measurement; for example, the specific cell may be a cell operated by the device, a cell in which the device operates, or a neighboring cell suffering from or causing interference.

[0093] Question 4:

[0094] When adjacent cells operate with significantly different coverage areas, such as when a small cell is embedded in the coverage area of ​​a macro cell, the associated transmission power imbalance and the resulting coverage area size will cause the coverage area of ​​the small cell to shrink significantly.

[0095] Solution:

[0096] For coverage areas of different sizes, embodiments may use additional technical means to manage interference and provide a safe mode to enable small cells to operate at a reasonable cell size, wherein other features provided by near-blank subframes (ABS) and enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) should be mentioned.

[0097] Interference Management

[0098] Existing interference management schemes are designed to be used within spectrum owned and operated by the same operator (MNO).

[0099] In cases where adjacent frequency bands cause inter-band interference, known or existing (SOTA) means of meeting coexistence requirements include, for example, using adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) to reduce inter-band-to-cell interference in the downlink (DL) and such interference in the uplink (UL).

[0100] Based on this understanding, the following problems were identified:

[0101] Question 5:

[0102] Although the radio frequency (RF) front-end design implemented in the receiver circuitry of base stations and user equipment will include filtering (e.g., cavity filters, bulk acoustic filters, and surface acoustic filters), in the case of TDD, this filtering is applied to the entire bandwidth of the operating frequency band, while in the case of FDD, this filtering is applied to both the uplink and downlink portions of the operating frequency band. In other words, the RF front-end does not include filtering around the carrier used within the frequency band, and the absence of such RF carrier filtering makes it necessary to meet the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) requirement in the digital domain. However, this may prove insufficient when adjacent base stations operate in opposite transmission direction modes (i.e., one base station receives a weak signal from a distant user, while another base station simultaneously transmits at high power in an adjacent frequency band).

[0103] Question 6:

[0104] As all communication systems increasingly demand greater capacity, the resulting increase in spectrum demand makes available spectrum increasingly scarce. Therefore, spectrum reuse across different systems and more flexible use of adjacent frequency bands and / or overlapping coverage areas are considered essential development steps for further efficient utilization of available spectrum resources. Achieving this ambitious goal requires not only inter-system and / or inter-operator interference management, but also that it must, or at least should, be defined in a standardized manner to meet inter-system coexistence requirements.

[0105] Solution:

[0106] Adjacent frequency bands can operate with aligned time slot structures as long as the RATs or services in adjacent frequency bands are similar or identical. For example, these adjacent frequency bands can be operated by MNO1 and MNO2, or by public and non-public networks (campus networks or private networks). In practice, this means that MNOs use carriers allocated in the same frequency band (e.g., C-band) to operate their services. Using synchronized frames with the same or compatible time slot structures reduces inter-band interference, especially cross-link interference (CLI); the latter is particularly common when adjacent frequency bands operate with different or incompatible TDD time slot structures.

[0107] For question 5, dedicated analog spectrum filters at the transmitter and / or receiver can help reduce inter-band power leakage. Furthermore, spatial filtering (beamforming) at the transmitter and / or receiver can reduce effective residual interference. As described herein, interference reduction and mitigation techniques can not only be applied in combination, but also in conjunction with other interference mitigation / treatment / management techniques (e.g., eICIC).

[0108] Furthermore, if different communication systems operate adjacently to each other on the spectrum or reuse the spectrum (overlapping uplink or downlink coverage areas), the use of the same spectrum is typically subject to very strict protection mechanisms designed to ensure coexistence. Typical examples include the shared use of spectrum between systems such as satellite systems and terrestrial systems; railway networks and public networks; GPS and terrestrial services; or military networks and public network operations (e.g., the US CBRS).

[0109] Further explanation of the terminology related to the interference mechanism according to the present invention.

[0110] Figure 5 Two wireless communication systems 501 and 502 are illustrated. In each scenario, wireless communication systems (WCS) 501 and 502 are formed by at least base stations (BS) 521 and 522 and user equipment (UE) 541 and 542, respectively, which establish communication links with the UE using uplink (UL) channels and downlink (DL) channels. At least one of the base stations 52 may correspond to the base station in Figure 1, and / or at least one of the UEs 54 may correspond to the UE described in conjunction with Figure 1. The following configurations should be considered:

[0111] - WCS 521 and / or 522 may use the same (related to the first aspect) or different (related to the second aspect) radio access technologies (RATs) as different WCS 522 and / or 521.

[0112] -WCS 521 and / or 522 can use frequency division duplex (FDD); this concept is also discussed in the second aspect of this disclosure;

[0113] - The WCS 521 and / or 522 can use Time Division Duplex (TDD); this is particularly relevant to the first aspect of this disclosure;

[0114] -WCS 521 and / or 522 may use a hybrid combination of FDD and TDD; this is particularly relevant to the first aspect of this disclosure;

[0115] -WCS 521 and / or 522 may use FDD schemes similar to or different from those of other WCSs; this may be relevant to the second aspect of this disclosure;

[0116] -WCS 521 and / or 522 may use TDD schemes similar to or different from those of other WCS schemes; this may be relevant to the first aspect of this disclosure;

[0117] -WCS 521 and / or 522 may use hybrid schemes similar to or different from those of other WCSs; this may relate to the first aspect of this disclosure; and

[0118] -WCS 521 and / or 522 may be operated by the same or different mobile network operators (MNOs) as other WCSs; this may relate to the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0119] It should be noted that although the attached figures show only two WCSs, there may be more than two WCSs operating in the same or different overlapping geographic coverage areas or designed / intended to provide coverage. For example, there may be at least three, at least four, or even more WCSs. Such coverage areas should include indoor coverage scenarios, outdoor coverage scenarios, and mixed combinations of indoor and outdoor coverage scenarios.

[0120] It should also be noted that although each WCS shows only one BS and one UE, a WCS can have more than one BS and more than one UE. Furthermore, a WCS is not limited to having only BS and UE; it can also include, use, or operate other devices such as relays, reconfigurable smart surfaces, etc. Moreover, although two WCSs are shown, and as an extension of the foregoing description, the number of BSs in two or more WCSs can be the same or different. Furthermore, the BSs of the two WCSs can be deployed in the same location (co-site deployment or site sharing) or in different locations (non-co-site deployment). Furthermore, the number of UEs in two or more WCSs can be the same or different.

[0121] Based on this understanding, the following problems were identified:

[0122] Question 7:

[0123] Typically, an MNO can multiplex the allocated carriers 561, 562, and / or 563, or even more carriers. For example, Figure 4 Carrier 561 “A” in the middle may cause intra-carrier interference between devices / entities in adjacent cells (WCS).

[0124] Furthermore, adjacent carriers (e.g., carrier A and carrier B, i.e.) Figure 4Carriers 561 and 562 in the diagram can be operated by the same MNO, thus enabling carrier aggregation; or they can be operated by different MNOs (e.g., MNO_A and MNO_B), resulting in inter-carrier interference between devices / entities on adjacent carriers of the same or different MNOs. It should be noted that this should also be understood as occurring within the transmission range and therefore coverage area of ​​devices belonging to two WCSs.

[0125] Referring now to the scenario described herein, it should be noted that in the embodiments described herein, the terms "cross-carrier" and "inter-carrier" are used as synonyms.

[0126] It can be seen that, for example, Figure 5 The WCS is shown as including one or more base stations, but these base stations may be the same or different types of equipment used in the WCS, and the suppliers of infrastructure equipment to the WCS or MNO may be the same or different.

[0127] Now refer to Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a spectrum example of a frequency band (band X) operating in FDD or TDD mode, where a portion is allocated to a carrier as a carrier 56 with a specific system bandwidth (the carrier being part of that frequency band), such as 20 MHz in 4G-LTE or 100 MHz in 5G-NR. Such carriers can operate simultaneously as adjacent carriers A and B (contiguous spectrum allocation), or with frequency gaps between them, such as carriers A and C (non-contiguous spectrum allocation). Furthermore, if carriers in the same frequency band are operated by a single WCS, this is referred to as carrier aggregation. If different carriers in the same frequency band are allocated to different MNOs, or for example, to a campus network (carrier A) and a public network (carrier B), this scenario can be referred to as a multi-operator or multi-MNO scenario.

[0128] Now refer to Figure 5 The scenario shown can be used to consider the interference effect from one WCS to another. For this purpose, refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 7 Several interference mechanisms, labeled a through h, affecting two wireless communication systems 501 and 502, are illustrated. The interference scenarios shown can be applied to... Figure 4 The diagram shows intra-carrier and inter-carrier scenarios. One or more of the following interferences may occur:

[0129] -a) Cross-link interference. WCS 1 → WCS 2. BS 1 (DL) → BS 2 (UL)

[0130] -b) Inter-cell interference. WCS 1 → WCS 2. BS 1 (DL) → UE 2 (DL)

[0131] -c) Inter-cell interference. WCS 1 → WCS 2. UE 1 (UL) → BS 2 (UL)

[0132] -d) Cross-link interference. WCS 1 → WCS 2. UE 1 (UL) → UE 2 (DL)

[0133] -e) Cross-link interference. WCS 2 → WCS 1. BS 2 (DL) → BS 1 (UL)

[0134] -f) Inter-cell interference. WCS 2 → WCS 1. BS 2 (DL) → UE 1 (DL)

[0135] -g) Inter-cell interference. WCS 2 → WCS 1. UE 2 (UL) → BS 1 (UL)

[0136] -h) Cross-link interference. WCS 2 → WCS 1. UE 2 (UL) → UE 1 (DL)

[0137] The terms "Cross-Link Interference (CLI)" and "Inter-Cell Interference (ICI)" are used to distinguish between types of co-channel interference (CCI), where, in ICI: a UE receiver experiences interference from other BSs; or a BS receiver experiences interference signals from UEs served by different BSs. CLI describes a situation where an affected UE is receiving a signal from its serving BS, and that UE receiver experiences interference from UEs transmitting to the BS. A similar interference scenario occurs when a BS receiver is interfered with by a BS transmitting in the downlink, severely interfering with the UL signal of a UE served by the affected BS. Furthermore, it should be noted that ICI and CLI can be in-band interference, inter-band interference, or any combination thereof.

[0138] In the context of the invention disclosed herein, Figure 6 The combination of WCS1 and WCS2 and Figure 4 The relevant carriers A and / or B illustrate the importance of distinguishing different scenarios and how the proposed solution is applicable to these scenarios. This is described below through four exemplary use cases (1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b).

[0139] Use Case 1: When WCS1 and WCS2 operate on the same carrier frequency (e.g., carrier A, B, or C), the resulting co-channel interference (ICI and CLI) is referred to as intra-carrier interference and can be measured using the same methods as those used to operate the intra-carrier radio link in WCS1. In this context, "same methods" refers to signal processing that operates on the same carrier frequency and typically with the same or similar system parameters. To illustrate further, consider the following:

[0140] Use Case 1a: WCS1 and WCS2 are operated by the same MNO and provide the same services over a large area including mobility. Here, co-channel interference is managed by an MNO whose benefit is to ensure smooth and flexible operation of WCS1 and WCS2—in most cases, WCS1 and WCS2 will be adjacent base stations with overlapping coverage areas.

[0141] Use Case 1b: WCS1 and WCS2 are operated by different MNOs that provide different services within overlapping coverage areas—for example, two private networks, campus networks, or non-public networks operated by two factories sharing the same building or campus. In this case, co-channel interference cannot be handled within a single MNO, and successful interference management is in the interest of both MNOs to ensure smooth and flexible operation of WCS1 and WCS2. Therefore, both intra-carrier interference coordination and inter-MNO interference coordination are required.

[0142] Solution 1: As described above, according to use case 1a, in order to handle co-channel interference, an MNO can manage co-channel interference. According to such embodiments, apparatus and methods are provided for measuring co-channel interference and adjusting resource usage to mitigate such interference. Thus, for example, the aforementioned problems can be solved.

[0143] Solution 2: As described above, according to use case 1b, it is advantageous to provide intra-carrier interference coordination and inter-MNO interference coordination. According to such embodiments, apparatus and methods are provided for measuring co-channel interference and adjusting resource usage to mitigate such interference. Thus, for example, the aforementioned problems can be solved.

[0144] Use Case 2: When WCS1 and WCS2 operate on different carrier frequencies (e.g., carriers A and B or carriers A and C), the resulting co-channel interference (ICI and CLI) is referred to as inter-carrier interference and can typically be handled through cross-carrier coordination, thus requiring inter-carrier interference coordination. Accurate and direct interference measurements from the carrier causing the interference may be necessary. If this is not possible, the interference can be implicitly assessed by observing its impact on sensitivity and received power levels (in a specific time slot or OFDM symbol), since frequency-specific interference measurements must be performed at the band or bandwidth portion (BWP) causing the interference, and the WCSs in question are operating on different carrier frequencies. To illustrate this further, consider the following scenario:

[0145] Use Case 2a: WCS1 and WCS2 are operated by the same MNO and used in carrier aggregation mode to allow the UE or at least a specific base station to achieve higher throughput. Therefore, inter-carrier interference can be handled within a single MNO. Since ensuring smooth and flexible operation of carrier A and carrier B is an inherent benefit of the MNO—in most cases these carriers will be operated by the same base station and adjacent base stations with overlapping coverage areas—in this use case, the base station can use cross-carrier measurements and cross-carrier scheduling as mechanisms for assessing and handling cross-carrier interference.

[0146] Use Case 2b: WCS1 and WCS2 are operated by different MNOs, which tend to use uplink and downlink configurations, including TDD timeslot structures, independently. Therefore, inter-carrier interference cannot be handled within a single MNO, necessitating inter-MNO and inter-carrier coordination mechanisms. Since MNOs typically tend to be highly independent in their flexible operation of their carriers (A or B), any deviation from fully synchronized frames and pure TDD timeslot structures will cause inter-carrier interference to devices and entities belonging to both WCSs, regardless of whether the deployment is co-located or non-co-located.

[0147] Solution 3: As described above, according to use case 2a, inter-carrier interference can be handled within a single MNO.

[0148] Solution 4: As stated above, according to use case 2b, it is advantageous to provide inter-MNO coordination for coordinating time slot synchronization.

[0149] To date, traditional system design has not focused on inter-carrier measurements in different MNO frequency bands, thus limiting the means of development within a standardized framework.

[0150] Solution 5: The embodiments described herein provide a solution for effectively measuring and reporting inter-carrier interference and using the results therefrom, in order to apply inter-carrier interference mitigation techniques implemented separately and independently by each MNO, and further or alternatively, to apply inter-carrier interference mitigation techniques that utilize inter-carrier coordination across MNOs.

[0151] According to the embodiments, use case 2b is particularly important as an enabling factor for other use cases. This includes flexible TDD operation; although flexible TDD has been defined in 3GPP, it has not been suitable for deployment to date due to the lack of effective and efficient means of measuring and handling inter-carrier interference. Furthermore, in other scenarios, adjacent or neighboring frequency bands are operated by WCSs using different RATs or different parameter sets of the same RAT, and inter-carrier interference is expected or observed in at least a portion of the coverage area of ​​at least one WCS.

[0152] Flexible duplex and sub-belt full-duplex

[0153] like Figure 4 As shown, when WCSs operated by the same or different MNOs share the same, overlapping, or adjacent (nearby) spectrum within the same frequency band, co-channel interference between WCSs will occur in the overlapping coverage area, and therefore may need to be addressed by appropriate means.

[0154] Assuming that carrier frequency A of carrier 561 and carrier frequency B of carrier 562 are licensed to and operated by the same or associated operator, and that both systems (WCS) also use the same technology (e.g., 4G-LTE or 5G-NR), coexistence issues can be addressed and handled by using existing technologies and additional new technologies proposed in the embodiments described herein. Some scenarios may require enhancing existing technologies, adopting novel solution components, or a combination thereof.

[0155] Solution 7:

[0156] These new technologies for addressing and resolving one or more problem sets from the aforementioned problem set include solutions that can be implemented individually, in groups, or in combination:

[0157] - Interference measurement methods, including reference signals (RS) and dedicated time-frequency resources for inter-system (WCS) interference measurement.

[0158] - A reporting mechanism for intra-system inter-cell interference measured in DL or UL (applicable to intra-carrier interference and inter-carrier interference).

[0159] - Reporting mechanism for cross-link interference (CLI) experienced by the following systems (WCSs):

[0160] • The first WCS UE (e.g., UE 541 of WCS 501) receiving data in DL is caused by a second WCS UE (e.g., UE 542 of WCS 502) simultaneously transmitting data in UL; or

[0161] • The first WCS base station (such as BS 521 of WCS 501) receiving in UL is caused by the second WCS base station (such as BS 522 of WCS 502) simultaneously transmitting in DL;

[0162] Both CLI scenarios are applicable to intra-carrier interference and inter-carrier interference.

[0163] - A reporting mechanism for inter-system inter-cell interference experienced by:

[0164] • The UE of the first WCS (UE 541 of WCS 501) receiving data in the DL is caused by the base station of the second WCS (such as BS 522 of WCS 502) simultaneously transmitting data in the DL; or

[0165] • The base station receiving data in the UL (such as BS 521 of WCS 501) is caused by the UE of the second WCS (such as UE 542 of WCS 502) simultaneously transmitting data in the UL.

[0166] Both ICI scenarios are applicable to intra-carrier interference and inter-carrier interference.

[0167] - A reporting mechanism for cross-link interference (CLI) between systems (WCS), from its measuring entity (base station or UE) (applicable to intra-carrier interference and inter-carrier interference).

[0168] - Inter-system (WCS) coordination channels and related protocols. In this context, "inter-system" means, but is not limited to: between RATs; between MNOs; between cells or between different TDD time slot structures; and between cells with different subband full-duplex configurations (SBFD) (applicable to all intra-carrier interference scenarios, inter-carrier interference scenarios, and combinations thereof).

[0169] - eICIC extension, dedicated to inter-system (WCS) interference (co-deployment of TDD and FDD operations), which exceeds the SOTA, which is intra-carrier, intra-MNO (typically), and inter-cell, such as macro-cell-pomocyte coordination.

[0170] It should be noted that any measurements performed by the equipment or entity of the first WCS based on signals from the second WCS that interfere with receivers belonging to the first WCS may require or utilize at least partial knowledge of the system configuration of the interferer (second WCS). In the absence of such partial knowledge, interference assessments at any receiver of the first WCS may be primarily limited to implicit interference measurements, such as interference measurements on silent resources, or observing the Received Power Level (RSSI) and correlating it with knowledge of the RRM configuration of the first WCS (e.g., power spectral density distribution, transmit power, applied beamforming, time slots or REs (resource elements) empty / silent, reference signal enhancement (RS enhancement), etc.). If more system information about the interferer system (second WCS) is available, more accurate interference assessments can be performed, such as RSRP measurements based on system information about the reference signal used by the interferer WCS.

[0171] Solution 8:

[0172] In the case of different MNOs, for example, a first MNO operating a first WCS (such as WCS 501) and a second MNO operating a second WCS (such as WCS 502), the embodiments provide highly advantageous system information exchange between MNOs, and also provide novel measurement configurations on carriers operated by other MNOs.

[0173] According to embodiments, interference measurement can be part of the solution described herein, and can be, for example, a necessary or at least helpful input for taking appropriate measures to address the problem of managing or mitigating inter-system (WCS) interference (see, for example, problem 7).

[0174] Assuming that a receiver operating according to the embodiments and experiencing, observing, and measuring interference can collect appropriate and sufficient interference measurement data and provide a report containing raw data or pre-processed interference information, the affected WCS can handle the interference by applying the following two main categories of methods:

[0175] 1. Interference mitigation techniques independent of other WCSs (interference providers)

[0176] A typical example is the DL case where the first WCS and the second WCS operate with different TDD slot structures. Furthermore, based on measurements provided by multiple UEs using the first WCS, at least the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0177] - Not all UEs in the first WCS experience significant interference from the second WCS;

[0178] - Not all DL time resources (such as DL slots, frames, and symbols) used by the first WCS experience significant interference from the second WCS;

[0179] - Not all DL frequency resources (e.g., carriers, DL BWPs, or DL ​​spectrum resources) used by the first WCS experience significant interference from the second WCS;

[0180] - Not all DL channels used by the first WCS (e.g., user plane (UP) channels or control plane (CP) channels) experience significant interference from the second WCS.

[0181] Based on such insights or conclusions from interference measurements and reports, the first WCS can:

[0182] - Schedule any UE to radio resources that are "unaffected" or "moderately affected" (e.g., DL slots operated by both the first and second WCSs simultaneously).

[0183] - Schedule "unaffected" or "moderately affected" UEs (e.g., UEs located indoors and thus better isolated from outdoor interfering base stations) or their groups to any radio resources available in the first WCS that are identified as suitable for DL ​​based on the individual UE reports.

[0184] - Schedule system information or user-specific information (such as CORESET or other control channels) to radio resources that are "unaffected" or "moderately affected" by interference from the second WCS.

[0185] - At least one WCS observes and learns patterns or behaviors and their associated interference effects on at least one device or entity, predicts future availability or resource availability or future interference effects on at least one device or entity, and applies appropriate radio resource allocation strategies or user scheduling strategies to mitigate the anticipated interference effects.

[0186] It should be noted that adjusting the use of radio resources based on measurements collected from the receiver of the first WCS is particularly advantageous when interference conditions remain constant or quasi-static during the relevant resource allocation and scheduling periods. If the interference experienced by the UE of the first WCS from the second WCS varies over time, or if the interference to radio resources deemed suitable for safe use by the first WCS varies over time, then:

[0187] - The measurements of the first WCS can or should be updated more frequently;

[0188] - Statistical interference mitigation techniques (such as frequency hopping, encoding and decoding over longer periods, repeated encoding and decoding, low MCS modes, etc.) can be applied.

[0189] - Interference pattern recognition and prediction methods can be applied;

[0190] - Information about future interference scenarios on radio resources or prior knowledge about the UE can be applied—one way being, for example, through interference coordination, such as through beam coordination or coordination modes of radio resources between the first WCS and the second WCS.

[0191] 2. Interference mitigation techniques coordinated with other WCSs (interference providers)

[0192] Similarly, one example is the DL case where the first WCS and the second WCS operate with different TDD slot structures. Furthermore, based on measurements provided by multiple UEs from the first WCS, at least the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0193] - Multiple UEs or a dominant number of UEs in the first WCS experience significant interference from the second WCS on most or all radio resources available in the first WCS (no secure radio resources available to serve multiple users).

[0194] - A specific DL time resource (e.g., DL slot, frame, symbol) (e.g., SSB) used by the first WCS or multiple DL time resources therein experience significant interference from the second WCS (the number of time resources considered to be protected is insufficient).

[0195] - A specific DL frequency resource (e.g., carrier, DL BWP, or DL ​​spectrum resource) (e.g., SSB) used by the first WCS, or multiple DL frequency resources thereof, experiences significant interference from the second WCS (due to an insufficient number of frequency resources considered to be protected).

[0196] - Important / system-dependent / system performance-dependent DL channels (e.g., user plane (UP) channels or control plane (CP) channels) used by the first WCS experience significant interference from the second WCS.

[0197] Based on such understanding / conclusions obtained from interference measurements and reports, the first WCS indicates a strong need for or significant benefit from the following measures:

[0198] - Radio resource coordination between the first WCS and the second WCS.

[0199] • To protect certain radio resources for the first or second WCS;

[0200] For example, through:

[0201] ○ For TDD slot configuration, SBFD configuration, beam direction, beam allocation order, power spectral density, transmit power, as well as RE silence, BWP, time slots, etc., apply semi-persistent radio resource allocation (when system information changes, it may be sufficient to exchange system information between two WCSs once, occasionally, on request or on event).

[0202] ○ Exchange future radio resource allocations between the first WCS and the second WCS;

[0203] ○ The first and second WCSs are aligned or coordinated (configured) to allow a sufficient number of radio resources to be available to at least one of the two WCSs, or to allow a sufficient number of UEs belonging to at least one WCS to obtain reliable service according to the target service level (QoS) of that particular WCS. To maintain a balance between the two cooperating WCSs, priority can be shifted from one WCS to the other or alternated between the two.

[0204] At least one WCS observes and learns patterns or behaviors and their associated interference impacts on at least one device or entity, predicts future availability or resource availability or future interference impacts on at least one device or entity, and applies appropriate radio resource allocation strategies or user scheduling strategies to mitigate anticipated interference impacts. Based on the determined radio resource availability and relevant KPIs (e.g., coverage, capacity, or quality of service provided to its users), the performance of other coordination mechanisms in terms of effectiveness and efficiency can be evaluated, and attempts can be made to coordinate one or more of these mechanisms with another WCS.

[0205] It should be noted that adjusting the use of radio resources based on measurements collected from the receiver of the first WCS is particularly advantageous when interference conditions remain constant or quasi-static during the relevant resource allocation and scheduling periods. If the interference experienced by the UE of the first WCS from the second WCS varies over time, or if the interference to radio resources deemed suitable for safe use by the first WCS varies over time, then:

[0206] - The measurements of the first WCS can or should be updated more frequently;

[0207] -Statistical interference mitigation techniques can be applied (such as frequency hopping, coding over longer periods, repetitive coding, low MCS patterns, etc.).

[0208] - Interference pattern recognition and prediction methods can be applied;

[0209] - It is possible to apply information about future interference scenarios on radio resources or prior knowledge about the UE—one way being through interference coordination, such as through beam coordination or coordination between the first WCS and the second WCS radio resource patterns.

[0210] General Problem Set

[0211] Typically, at least part of the relevant problem statement involves the following use cases:

[0212] 1. Resolve the coexistence problem between two different wireless communication systems operating in overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (e.g., NTN and TN co-deployment).

[0213] 2. To address the coexistence problem between two similar wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication systems with the same parameter set) operating in overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (adjacent cells of the same MNO operating with different time slot structures on the same spectrum);

[0214] 3. Resolve the coexistence problem between two different wireless communication systems operating in adjacent spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (e.g., a railway network and a public network at 1900 MHz).

[0215] 4. Address the coexistence problem between two similar wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication systems with the same parameter set) that operate in adjacent spectrum and have overlapping coverage areas (e.g., different MNOs using different time slot structures, flexible TDD, or SBFD).

[0216] Although items 2 and 4 are addressed primarily by the first aspect of this disclosure, items 1 and 3 are addressed primarily by the second aspect.

[0217] It should be mentioned that another contingent constraint that may make the set of problems to be solved more difficult or easier is the objective of minimizing the interdependence between frequency bands that cause or suffer from intra-band, inter-band, or inter-system interference. A typical example is two MNOs operating in adjacent spectrum with certain TDD slot configurations that create interference coupling and thus affect the performance of some or all of the radio resources used by each MNO. A good solution should provide an appropriate balance between long-term and wide-ranging rigid configuration coordination (e.g., current synchronous TDD slot structures) and the flexibility to achieve, for example, different UL / DL ratios by the two MNOs. Such a solution allows each MNO to make scheduling and RRM decisions independently, but requires some reasonable effort for coordination between MNOs.

[0218] A similar example could be a TN-MNO and an NTN-MNO using adjacent / overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas. Similarly, inter-system coordination should be kept to a reasonable level, while each system can operate using its radio resources based on mature / proven mechanisms. The willingness to adopt such a coordinated configuration is more likely to be realized if the two MNOs in a given example have common or complementary interests, such as a TN-NTN partnership to fill coverage gaps or increase user capacity in a co-deployment scenario. While such mutually beneficial setups may be a leading approach for market introduction, the mechanisms used to facilitate these use cases may become mandatory or considered standard means of dealing with similar interference, even if the relevant MNOs or systems do not explicitly or uniformly benefit when inter-band or inter-system coexistence requirements are relaxed.

[0219] Now refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7A schematic diagram of radio resource management (RRM) in a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) time slot configuration with multiple time slots 580 to 584 is shown, wherein the number of time slots can be any different number corresponding to or not corresponding to a frame, such as including values ​​of at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 8, at least 9 or more (e.g., 14). Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to the following solution concept:

[0220] -Slot 580 (0) is a full downlink slot (D), and slot 584 (4) is a full uplink slot (U). Between them are three slots 581, 582, and 583 configured as flexible slots (F), wherein, in a specific portion of the spectrum, the first subband 62 i,2 (where i represents slot numbers 1, 2, and 3 respectively) is configured to operate in UL mode, and the second subband 62 i,1 It is configured to operate in DL mode.

[0221] - Depending on the cross-link interference (CLI) scenario experienced, when a specific UE is subjected to CLIs (based on thresholds, limits, or triggers) from other UEs transmitting in UL in slots 1 to 3, that specific UE can be specially scheduled to slot 0 for DL ​​reception.

[0222] - In addition, according to the embodiment, as an alternative or supplement, if the UL signal received at gNB is significantly degraded due to receiving CLI from another gNB, a specific UE can be scheduled to slot 4 for dedicated UL transmission.

[0223] - UEs that have not experienced significant CLIs from other UEs can use SBFD DL subband 62. i,1 Perform DL reception.

[0224] - On the other hand, UEs whose UL transmissions are adequately received by the gNB can be scheduled to SBFD UL subband 62. i,2 UL is sent in the middle, thereby providing additional resources.

[0225] It should be noted that through these mechanisms, UEs receiving services in SBFD slots do not need to support any full-duplex capability (simultaneous transmission and reception). Therefore, the complexity can be limited to the gNB side, where SBFD capability can be implemented by configuring flexible slots with subband designs suitable for UL and DL resources, thereby improving the flexibility of resource allocation between UL and DL.

[0226] Now refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 It shows the relationship with Figure 7A similar, more detailed illustration is provided for scheduling UEs in time slots 1 through 3. Regarding the two UEs, the following solution concept should be noted:

[0227] - The UE can be scheduled to receive or transmit in different time slots 580 and 584 (labeled "D" and "U"). This concept is used in known (LTE / NR) TDD configurations.

[0228] - UEs can be scheduled to receive and transmit simultaneously in the same time slots 581, 582, and 583 (marked "X"). DL and UL use the allocated radio resources - UE1 in the bottom red dashed area is in DL Rx mode, and UE2 in the top red dashed area is in UL Tx mode.

[0229] -UE1 will not experience significant cross-link interference from UE2, which is scheduled to the UL SBFD subband, in the DL SBFD subband.

[0230] - A gNB receiving UL transmissions from UE2 will not experience significant cross-link interference from another gNB operating in the DL SBFD subband in the UL SBFD subband.

[0231] This enables the gNB to support simultaneous UL reception and DL transmission. This allows for a more flexible resource grid that can meet the variable data rate and latency requirements of the UEs served by the gNB.

[0232] - The resources located between the two dashed areas 641 and 642 can be understood as the following area: where the flexible division of sub-bands allows for the allocation of UL resources and DL resources as needed.

[0233] -Although dashed areas 641 and 642 are shown as separate from each other and not overlapping, this does not preclude the use of flexible SBFD subband allocation to make DL and UL resources overlap, or even to make them overlap within one or more OFDM symbols.

[0234] Although this example is given for only two UEs and two subbands, it can be applied to more than two UEs and / or more than two subbands. It should be noted that if (future) UEs are capable of full-duplex operation, more scheduling freedom can be realized or utilized for simultaneous reception and transmission in the same time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0235] Now refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 It shows the relationship with Figure 8 Two similar UEs operating under high traffic conditions. (Combined) Figure 9The proposed solutions, each involving two or more UEs operating under high traffic conditions, are as follows:

[0236] -Due to the high demand for DL ​​services, UE1 may need more DL resources. Therefore, the resources of DL time slot 580 and the resources of DL SBFD subband 621 of one, more or all of time slots 581 to 583 can be allocated to UE1.

[0237] -Due to the high demand for UL services, UE2 requires more UL resources. Therefore, the resources of UL time slot 584 and the resources of UL SBFD subband 622 of one, more or all of time slots 581 to 583 can be allocated to UE2.

[0238] - Digital filters can be applied to the entire bandwidth of the DL / UL timeslot.

[0239] -DL subband and UL subband are separated by a spectral gap of 66.

[0240] Introducing a gap 66 between the UL and DL subbands will allow for further digital filtering on a subband basis at both the transmitter (gNB DL subband filtering, UE UL subband filtering) and the receiver (gNB UL subband filtering, UE DL subband filtering). This will reduce the level of cross-link interference, which can be identified here as inter-subband interference.

[0241] Although this example is given for one gNB, two UEs and two subbands, it can also be applied to more than one gNB, more than two UEs and / or more than two subbands.

[0242] When multiple gNBs use different subband divisions and / or different time slot configurations, cross-link interference may become more severe compared to the case where multiple gNBs with overlapping coverage areas use the same subband divisions and the same time slot configurations.

[0243] It should be noted that if the (future) UE is able to operate in full duplex mode, it will be able to realize or utilize more scheduling freedom to receive and transmit simultaneously in the same time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0244] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 10 The following diagram illustrates an interference scenario in an SBFD configuration where BS1 and BS2 are configured to have the same SBFD frame structures 681 and 682. The following solution concept forms an embodiment of the present invention:

[0245] - BS1 521 and BS2 522 are configured to have the same SBFD frame structure.

[0246] -BS1 521 may experience two types of interference:

[0247] • The first type of interference is known as self-interference, in which the transmitted signal power from the DL subband of BS1 enters the uplink receive chain of BS1.

[0248] According to the embodiment, self-interference cancellation (SIC) technology is applied at BS1.

[0249] These techniques can be implemented using TX-RX antenna isolation or decoupling, as well as further analog and digital SiC methods.

[0250] • The second type of interference is known as cross-link interference, in which the transmit signal power from the DL subband of BS2 522 enters the uplink receive chain of BS1 521.

[0251] This interference can be mitigated by using spatial filtering (beamforming) at the transmitter of BS2 and the receiver of BS1, thereby aligning the spatial nulls with each other.

[0252] This spatial nulling is particularly effective when the radio channel (propagation channel) between BS1 and BS2 is dominated by the line-of-sight (LOS) component.

[0253] ○ Similar zero-depression formation techniques can also be applied to one or more UEs.

[0254] Furthermore, as long as the base station uses a compatible subband configuration, subband-specific filtering can be applied to reduce CLI.

[0255] Although this example is given for two gNBs, three UEs and two subbands, it can also be applied to more than two gNBs, more than three UEs and / or more than two subbands.

[0256] When more than one gNB uses different subband divisions and / or different time slot configurations, cross-link interference may become more severe compared to the case where multiple gNBs with overlapping coverage areas use the same subband divisions and the same time slot configurations.

[0257] It should be noted that if the (future) UE is able to operate in full duplex mode, it will be able to realize or utilize more scheduling freedom to receive and transmit simultaneously in the same time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0258] Reference Figure 11 Note the following solution conception based on the embodiments:

[0259] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an outdoor-to-indoor cross-link interference scenario according to an embodiment is shown.

[0260] BS2 522 can be a macro base station, and BS1 521 can be an indoor base station. Typically, but not necessarily, such indoor base stations operate at a lower transmitter output power than macro base stations.

[0261] The indoor environment is located within building 72, which includes, but is not limited to, factories, hospitals, and school buildings. Transmission from the outdoor environment to the indoor environment may experience a building penetration loss that is typically between 10 and 30 dB.

[0262] Although the two BSs 521 and 522 use similar or compatible time slot structures 741 and 742, in the illustrated embodiment, only the indoor BS 521 uses the SBFD subband.

[0263] Outdoor UEs such as UE 76 are configured to perform classic TDD operation according to BS2 522. Indoor UEs 762 and 763 can be configured to perform SBFD operation according to BS1 521.

[0264] For example, indoor BS1 521 may experience two types of interference:

[0265] • The first type of interference is known as self-interference, in which the transmitted signal power from the DL band or subband of the BS1 521 enters the uplink receive chain of the BS1 521.

[0266] This interference can be addressed by applying self-interference cancellation (SIC) technology at BS1 521.

[0267] These techniques can be implemented using TX-RX antenna isolation or decoupling, as well as further analog and digital SiC methods.

[0268] • The second type of interference is known as cross-link interference, in which the transmit signal power from the DL band of outdoor BS2 522 enters the uplink receive chain of indoor BS1 521.

[0269] This interference can be mitigated by using spatial filtering (beamforming) at the transmitter of the outdoor BS2 522 and the receiver of the indoor BS1 521, thereby aligning the spatial nulls with each other.

[0270] ○ Spatial zeroing becomes more challenging because there is an outdoor-to-indoor propagation channel between BS2 522 and BS1 521.

[0271] ○ Similar zero-trap formation techniques can also be applied to UEs served by BS1 521.

[0272] ○ When a base station uses incompatible spectrum uplink / downlink configurations, the effectiveness of subband-specific filtering is expected to be low.

[0273] Although this example is given for two gNBs (one outdoor gNB and one indoor gNB), three UEs and two subbands, it can also be applied to more than two gNBs, more than one outdoor gNB and more than one indoor gNB, more than three UEs and more than two subbands.

[0274] When more than one gNB uses different subband divisions and / or different time slot configurations, cross-link interference may become more severe compared to the case where multiple gNBs with overlapping coverage areas use the same subband divisions and the same time slot configurations.

[0275] It should be noted that if the (future) UE is able to operate in full duplex mode, it will be able to realize or utilize more scheduling freedom to receive and transmit simultaneously in the same time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0276] According to the embodiments of the first aspect:

[0277] According to a first embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided, including:

[0278] A first wireless communication system (WCS), such as WCS1, is adapted to provide wireless communication to multiple communication devices (such as UEs, repeaters, BSs) in a first communication area;

[0279] A second wireless communication system (WCS), such as WCS2, is adapted to provide wireless communication to multiple communication devices (such as UEs, repeaters, BSs) in a second communication area;

[0280] Among them, the first WCS and / or the second WCS provide inter-WCS interference sources for the corresponding other WCS;

[0281] The wireless communication scenario is configured to reduce inter-WCS interference.

[0282] According to a second embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 1 is provided, wherein the second communication region is adjacent to or overlaps with the first communication region.

[0283] According to a third embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the signal of the first WCS causes inter-WCS interference to the second WCS, and / or the signal of the second WCS causes inter-WCS interference to the first WCS.

[0284] According to a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein inter-WCS interference includes at least one of the following:

[0285] - Cross-link interference from the first WCS to the second WCS, for example, the BS of the first WCS is operating in the downlink and the BS of the second WCS is operating in the uplink;

[0286] - Inter-cell interference from the first WCS to the second WCS, for example, the BS of the first WCS is operating in the downlink and the UE of the second WCS is operating in the downlink;

[0287] - Inter-cell interference from the first WCS to the second WCS, for example, a UE operating in the uplink of the first WCS and a BS operating in the uplink of the second WCS;

[0288] - Cross-link interference from the first WCS to the second WCS, for example, a UE in the first WCS is operating in the uplink and a UE in the second WCS is operating in the downlink;

[0289] - Cross-link interference from the second WCS to the first WCS, for example, the BS of the second WCS is operating in the downlink and the BS of the first WCS is operating in the uplink.

[0290] - Inter-cell interference from the second WCS to the first WCS, for example, the BS of the second WCS is operating in the downlink and the UE of the first WCS is operating in the downlink;

[0291] - Inter-cell interference from the second WCS to the first WCS, for example, a UE operating in the uplink of the second WCS and a BS operating in the uplink of the first WCS;

[0292] - Cross-link interference from the second WCS to the first WCS, for example, a UE in the second WCS is operating in the uplink and a UE in the first WCS is operating in the downlink.

[0293] According to a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the preceding embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS operate in adjacent, overlapping, or non-overlapping frequency ranges and / or operate using the same radio access technology (RAT).

[0294] According to the sixth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by the same operator (such as a mobile network operator (MNO)).

[0295] According to the seventh embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by different operators (such as mobile network operators (MNOs)).

[0296] According to an eighth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the preceding embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS operate on at least one of the same carrier frequencies to provide wireless communication.

[0297] According to a ninth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 8 is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by the same operator (such as a mobile network operator (MNO)); wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are adapted to provide communication to a plurality of common devices; wherein a coordinating entity of the wireless communication scenario is adapted to control at least a portion of the first WCS. and The second WCS component is designed to mitigate interference between WCSs.

[0298] According to a tenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 8 is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by different operators (such as mobile network operators (MNOs)); wherein the wireless communication scenario includes a coordination unit adapted to provide coordination for the first WCS and / or the second WCS; wherein the control entity of the wireless communication scenario is adapted to control at least a portion of the first WCS and / or a portion of the second WCS to mitigate inter-WCS interference.

[0299] According to the eleventh embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario according to any one of embodiments 8 to 10 is provided, wherein at least one device communicating in the wireless communication scenario is adapted to measure and report perceived interference to provide a basis for controlling a small portion of the first WCS or a portion of the second WCS to mitigate inter-WCS interference.

[0300] According to a twelfth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS operate on at least one different carrier frequency to provide wireless communication.

[0301] According to a thirteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 12 is provided, including a coordination entity adapted for joint coordination of the scheduling of a first carrier used in a first WCS and the scheduling of a second carrier used in a second WCS, for example to provide inter-carrier coordination.

[0302] According to the fourteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 12 or 13 is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by the same operator (such as a mobile network operator (MNO)); wherein at least one base station of at least one of the first WCS and the second WCS is adapted for cross-carrier measurement to perform measurements on carriers not used by the base station, and / or according to cross-carrier scheduling operations to mitigate inter-WCS interference.

[0303] According to a fifteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided according to any one of embodiments 12 to 14, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are operated by different operators (such as mobile network operators (MNOs)); wherein the wireless communication scenario includes a coordination unit adapted to provide coordination to the first WCS and / or the second WCS; wherein the control entity of the wireless communication scenario is configured to control at least a portion of the first WCS and / or a portion of the second WCS to mitigate inter-WCS interference.

[0304] According to the sixteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 15 is provided.

[0305] The coordination unit is adapted to provide information (e.g., signals or memory / database) to the second WCS, the information instructing the scheduling of the first WCS on at least one carrier, so that the controller of the second WCS can adjust the scheduling of the second WCS with respect to the scheduled first WCS, thereby mitigating inter-WCS interference; and / or

[0306] The coordination unit is adapted to provide information (e.g., signals or memory / database) to the first WCS, the information indicating the scheduling of the second WCS on at least one carrier, so that the controller of the first WCS can adjust the scheduling of the first WCS with respect to the scheduled second WCS, thereby mitigating inter-WCS interference.

[0307] According to the seventeenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, which is suitable for measuring inter-carrier interference between a first wireless communication system (WCS) and a second wireless communication system (WCS) operated by the same or different MNOs, and for mitigating the inter-carrier interference.

[0308] According to the eighteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided.

[0309] Wherein, the base station of the first WCS is adapted to use the first dedicated time / frequency resources to use the first reference signal set; wherein the second WCS is aware of the first dedicated time / frequency resources; wherein members of the second WCS are adapted to measure the first reference signal set to provide a basis for mitigating inter-WCS interference; and / or

[0310] The base station of the second WCS is adapted to use the second dedicated time / frequency resources to use the second reference signal set; the first WCS is aware of the second dedicated time / frequency resources; and members of the first WCS are adapted to measure the second reference signal set to provide a basis for mitigating inter-WCS interference.

[0311] According to the nineteenth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided.

[0312] In this configuration, at least one member of a WCS is adapted to measure perceived interference and to provide a measurement report to a coordinating entity adapted to coordinate at least a portion of the wireless communication scenario to mitigate inter-WCS interference.

[0313] According to the twentieth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 19 is provided.

[0314] The member is adapted to measure and report cross-link interference between WCSs; and / or

[0315] The member is adapted to measure and report inter-cell interference between WCSs.

[0316] According to the twenty-first embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided.

[0317] In this embodiment, at least one member of the WCS is adapted to measure perceived interference and optionally to provide a measurement report, wherein at least one of the member (i.e., the member that performs the measurement / report) and / or the entity that receives the report is configured to adapt at least a portion of the WCS in response to the measurement or the report.

[0318] According to a twenty-second embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, the wireless communication scenario including a coordination unit, wherein the coordination unit is configured to provide at least one of the following:

[0319] - Coordination between the RATs of the first WCS and the second WCS;

[0320] - Inter-MNO coordination between the first mobile network operator (MNO) operating the first WCS and the second MNO operating the second WCS;

[0321] - Inter-cell coordination between cells with the same or different WCS;

[0322] - Coordination of time slot structures between different TDD / subband full-duplex (SBFD) time slot structures within a cell; and

[0323] - Inter-cell coordination operating in different sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) configurations.

[0324] According to the twenty-third embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 22 is provided, wherein, in order to provide coordination, the coordination unit is adapted to control at least one entity of the first WCS and / or the second WCS, or to provide information about the corresponding other WCS to the controller of one of the first WCS and the second WCS.

[0325] According to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 22 or 23 is provided, wherein the coordination unit is adapted to provide enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC), the eICIC being intra-carrier coordination, intra-MNO coordination, and / or inter-cell coordination, such as macro-cell-pom-cell coordination.

[0326] According to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS operates as a mobile communication network in one of the following schemes: Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Subband Full Duplex (SBFD), and / or Full Duplex; and / or wherein the first WCS operates as a mobile communication network in one of the following schemes: Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Subband Full Duplex (SBFD), and / or Full Duplex.

[0327] According to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario described in any of the preceding embodiments is provided, wherein when one of the first WCS and the second WCS is adapted to: identify a communication device affected by inter-WCS interference (e.g., above a threshold) when the device perceives inter-WCS interference from the other WCS as the interfering party, and is adapted to schedule the interfered communication device to a communication resource that is less affected by inter-WCS interference from the perspective of the interfered device.

[0328] According to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the preceding embodiments is provided, wherein when one of the first WCS and the second WCS is adapted to: perceive inter-WCS interference from another WCS as the interfering party, interference information indicating at least one of the following is determined:

[0329] - Inter-WCS interference is based on different TDD slot structures operating in at least a portion of the first WCS and at least a portion of the second WCS;

[0330] - Only a subset of communication devices experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0331] - Only a subset of the downlink (DL) time resources (such as DL slots, frames, symbols) used by the victim experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0332] - Only a subset of the DL frequency resources (such as carriers, DL BWPs, or DL ​​spectrum resources) used by the victim experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0333] - Only a subset of the DL channels used by the victim (such as user plane (UP) channels or control plane (CP) channels) experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0334] - Only a subset of the uplink (UL) time resources (such as UL slots, frames, symbols) used by the victim experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0335] - Only a subset of the UL frequency resources (such as carrier, UL BWP, or UL spectrum resources) used by the victim experience significant interference from the perpetrator;

[0336] - Only a subset of the UL channels used by the victim (such as user plane (UP) channels or control plane (CP) channels) experience significant interference from the perpetrator.

[0337] According to the twenty-eighth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 27 is provided, wherein the controller of the interfered party is configured to perform at least one of the following based on the interference information:

[0338] - Schedule any communication device to "unaffected" or "moderately affected" radio resources (e.g., DL time slots operated simultaneously by the first WCS and the second WCS);

[0339] - Schedule unaffected or moderately affected communication devices (e.g., indoor UEs that are well isolated from outdoor interfering base stations) or groups thereof to any radio resources available to the affected party, as the individual reports of the communication devices are identified as suitable for DL ​​use;

[0340] - Schedule system information or user-specific information (such as CORESET or other control channels) to radio resources that are not affected by WCS inter-interference from the perpetrator or are moderately affected by WCS inter-interference from the perpetrator.

[0341] According to a twenty-ninth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 27 or 28 is provided, wherein the controller of the interfered party is adapted to perform at least one of the following based on the interference information:

[0342] - Control the disturbed party to provide more frequent measurements of the disturbed party's interference;

[0343] - Apply statistical interference mitigation techniques, such as frequency hopping, encoding and decoding over longer periods, repeated encoding and decoding, and low MCS modes;

[0344] - Apply interference pattern recognition and prediction methods; and

[0345] - Applying prior knowledge about future interference scenarios on radio resources or about communication equipment, such as through interference coordination, like beam coordination or coordination patterns of radio resources between the interfered party and the interferer.

[0346] According to the thirtieth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario according to any one of embodiments 27 to 29 is provided, wherein the controller of the disturbed party or the controller of the disturber is adapted to observe and learn patterns or behaviors (e.g., patterns or behaviors of itself and / or another WCS) and the related interference effects of such patterns or behaviors on at least one of its communication devices or entities.

[0347] Suitable for predicting future availability or resources or the interference impact on at least one of its communication equipment or entities;

[0348] It is suitable for applying appropriate radio resource allocation strategies or user scheduling strategies to mitigate the expected interference effects.

[0349] According to the thirty-first embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein one of the first WCS and the second WCS is adapted to: when the subject of interference perceives inter-WCS interference from the other WCS as the interferer, determine interference information indicating at least one of the following:

[0350] - Information indicating that multiple or a dominant number of communication devices of the affected party experience significant interference from the disruptor on a share that reaches at least a threshold (e.g., on most or all of the radio resources available to the affected party); for example, a situation where there are no or insufficient secure or unaffected radio resources available to serve multiple users or communication devices.

[0351] - The specific downlink (DL) time resources (such as DL slots, frames, symbols) used by the victim (e.g., SSB) or at least a significant number of DL time resources therein experience significant interference from the perpetrator, for example, an insufficient number of time resources that are considered to be protected;

[0352] - The specific DL frequency resources (such as carriers, DL BWPs, or DL ​​spectrum resources) used by the victim (e.g., SSBs) or at least a significant number of DL frequency resources therein experience significant interference from the perpetrator, for example, due to an insufficient number of frequency resources that are considered to be protected.

[0353] - Important / system-dependent / system performance-dependent DL channels used by the affected party (such as user plane (UP) channels and / or control plane (CP) channels) experience significant interference from the interference source.

[0354] According to the thirty-second embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario according to any one of embodiments 27 to 31 is provided, wherein the controller of the interfered party is adapted to perform at least one of the following based on the interference information:

[0355] - Facilitate the coordination of radio resources between the harassment victim and the harasser;

[0356] - To protect certain radio resources of the victim or the perpetrator, such as:

[0357] • For TDD slot configuration, SBFD configuration, beam direction, beam allocation order, power spectral density, transmit power, RE silence, BWP, time slots, etc., apply semi-persistent radio resource allocation (when system information changes, one-time, occasional, request-based or event-based system information exchange between two WCSs may be sufficient).

[0358] • Exchange future radio resource allocations between the disturbed and the disturber;

[0359] • Operate according to the alignment or coordination behavior or configuration of the disturbed party and the disturber to allow a sufficient number of radio resources to be available for use by at least one of the two WCSs, and to allow a sufficient number of communication devices belonging to at least one WCS to obtain reliable service according to the target service level (QoS) of the specific WCS;

[0360] • At least one of the WCSs observes and learns patterns or behaviors and their associated interference effects on at least one of its devices or entities, predicts future resource availability or interference effects on at least one of its devices or entities, and applies appropriate radio resource allocation strategies or user scheduling strategies to mitigate the anticipated interference effects.

[0361] According to the thirty-third embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 31 or 32 is provided, wherein the controller of the disturbed party or the controller of the disturber is adapted to observe and learn patterns or behaviors (e.g., patterns or behaviors of itself and / or another WCS) and the associated interference effects of such patterns or behaviors on at least one of its communication devices or entities.

[0362] According to the thirty-fourth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 33 is provided, wherein the interfered party and the interfering party are adapted to evaluate the effectiveness and / or efficiency of the coordination mechanism in mitigating interference between WCSs in order to coordinate the coordination mechanism with another WCS.

[0363] According to the thirty-fifth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the inter-WCS interference is constant, quasi-static, semi-persistent, or gradually / slowly varying.

[0364] According to the thirty-sixth embodiment of the first aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the first WCS and the second WCS are adapted to implement at least one of the following:

[0365] - Operates based on the same Radio Access Technology (RAT);

[0366] - Based on Time Division Duplex (TDD) operation;

[0367] -Based on Subband Full-Duplex (SBFD) operation;

[0368] -A hybrid combination operation based on any item in FDD, SBFD, and TDD;

[0369] - Based on a TDD scheme that is similar to or different from another WCS's TDD scheme;

[0370] - Based on SBFD schemes that are similar to or different from other WCS schemes;

[0371] -Based on a hybrid scheme operation that is similar to or different from another WCS hybrid scheme;

[0372] Operated by a mobile network operator (MNO) that is the same as or different from another WCS.

[0373] According to a thirty-seventh embodiment of the first aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being configured to operate in a first WCS or a second WCS of any of the wireless communication scenarios described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0374] According to a thirty-eighth embodiment of the first aspect, a coordination node is provided, the coordination node being configured to operate in a first WCS or a second WCS of any of the wireless communication scenarios described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0375] According to the thirty-ninth embodiment of the first aspect, a method is provided for at least one device for operating a first WCS or a second WCS in any of the preceding embodiments of a wireless communication scenario.

[0376] According to a fortieth embodiment of the first aspect, a computer-readable digital storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program having program code for executing the method according to embodiment 39 when run on a computer.

[0377] Figure 12 A schematic diagram illustrating a possible implementation of flexible time slots according to an embodiment is shown. Figure 12Different options for arranging the uplink bandwidth portion and downlink bandwidth portion (BWP) are shown, as well as existing technology (SOTA) deployment configurations in a DDDDDDD SUU and flexible TDD structures of different MNO 1, MNO 2 and MNO 3 using the same spectrum but with different proportions of UL and DL, which may cause coexistence problems between MNOs.

[0378] Figure 13 Schematic diagrams of other possible implementations of flexible time slots according to embodiments are shown. Figure 13 A scenario illustrating the MNO inter-mode problem is presented. Bandpass filters for the BTS TX or RX, null beamforming on the BTS TX pattern and / or RX pattern can help improve the uplink of MNO 2 and / or enable improved reference sense. As an alternative or supplement, UE scheduling can be implemented, for example, scheduling deep indoor UEs with hotspot narrow-beam UEs, and power control of transmission at the UE can be applied as a time slot dependent. As an alternative or supplement, CLI victims can be scheduled outside critical time slots. Victims (e.g., UEs) A 1 The system can report slot-aware CQI and CLI to the BTS of MNO 1. The CLI can include the number of interferers present, the frequency of the perceived disturbance, whether it is near or far, whether the same or different conditions are experienced over time, RSSI / RSRP / RSRQ, and / or the observed slot occupancy. This can help improve UE1's DL.

[0379] Figure 14 Schematic diagrams of other possible implementations of flexible time slots according to embodiments are shown. Figure 14 This illustrates cooperation and collaboration concepts related to behavior, as well as a coordination approach. Within a frequency band, intra-MNO coordination in single-band operation can involve UE→BTS reporting and BTS→UE measurement configuration. Alternatively or supplementarily, BTSs can exchange messages or measure air interface interference. UE→UE CLI measurement reporting is part of the embodiments described herein. Interfaces between BTSs can be used in the same or different frequency bands. Core network procedures can be used for intra-band concepts.

[0380] Inter-band coordination (e.g., [band 1, band 2]) and / or inter-MNO coordination [MNO1, MNO2] can be used. Measurement configurations defining who measures / reports and what is measured / reported can involve the UEs served by the serving BTS via RRC configuration. This can involve band 1 and / or band 2 (e.g., the affected party), including inter-band / intra-band correlations. BTSs in different bands (band 1, band 2) can coordinate measurements for the corresponding UEs and / or BTSs. Measurement cycles can also be configured, such as who must report to whom. UEs can report to the serving BTS. Alternatively or supplementarily, band 1 BTS can report to band 2 BTS, and / or band 2 BTS can report to band 1 BTS. Alternatively or supplementarily, measurement requests (who requests to whom) can be defined, such as the UE requesting from the serving BTS, for example, based on the UE's experience due to PHY reasons, such as for identifying interference sources or for Intel to identify interference sources. UEs can also send to other BTSs via the serving BTS. As an alternative or supplement, measurement auxiliary information requests can be used, such as those sent from the UE to the BTS or from the UE to other BTSs. For example, a UE (e.g., a DL receiver) can typically be used as an anchor point.

[0381] Figure 15 Schematic diagrams illustrating other possible implementations of the flexible time slots according to the embodiments are shown. The BTS acting as an uplink receiver can be the target of interference. This can involve in-band and inter-band operations and can be handled through measurement configuration, such as who reports and what is reported. This can be a self-configured function (by whom) and can involve in-band and / or inter-band UL-RX CLI (what is reported). Furthermore, as an alternative or supplement, measurement reporting (by whom) can be self-reporting, for example, used only by the local BTS. Regarding who reports to, closed-loop interference management can be achieved by optionally reporting to other BTSs. As an alternative or supplement, measurement requests can be self-requested and / or can be requests for interference management (IM) sent to other BTSs. As an alternative or supplement, Measurement Assisted Information Requests (MAIRs) and reports or such transmissions sent from the BTS to the target and / or other BTSs can be used.

[0382] Aspect 2: TN-NTN Coordination

[0383] Integrating satellite technology with cellular mobile networks is a long-standing concept. In the mid-1990s, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposed the IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) initiative, aiming to achieve global wireless access in the 21st century. This initiative led to the establishment of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the development of standards such as CDMA-2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), and TD-CDMA (Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access), which are collectively referred to as 3G. The IMT-2000 initiative was designed to cover both terrestrial and satellite components, and ITU-R (ITU Radiocommunication Sector) compiled various reports on IMT-2000 satellite [1]. However, due to high costs and insufficient user demand, the implementation of satellite-based 3G networks was not further promoted.

[0384] Today, a growing number of LTE and 5G users prioritize ubiquitous connectivity over higher data rates [2,3]. Given that many people travel to remote areas without existing connectivity, satellite technology has become a convenient solution for providing such services. Therefore, developing 5G satellite NTNs (non-terrestrial networks) that directly connect to cellular networks has become a prominent and necessary objective. Furthermore, satellites are expected to play an indispensable role in future 6G technologies, thus necessitating the establishment of appropriate conditions for the development of 5G-6G satellite networks. Obtaining sufficient spectrum for such networks remains one of the most challenging issues in achieving this goal.

[0385] For example, the US and Europe are currently discussing frequency allocation schemes, with a particular focus on the lower C-band to facilitate the implementation of 5G applications. This portion of the electromagnetic spectrum offers greater bandwidth for 5G technology compared to traditional lower mobile bands. It's worth noting that the C-band is currently used for satellite downlinks to satellite earth stations (SES), so its allocation requires careful consideration. Besides the C-band, the L-band and S-band spectrum are also attracting attention from terrestrial network (TN) operators and non-terrestrial network (NTN) operators. Since 3GPP 5G NR includes both TN and NTN, careful spectrum allocation and appropriate coordination are beneficial for spectrum distribution.

[0386] In conjunction with the second aspect, at least a portion of the set of problems to be solved is described. First, radio spectrum allocation is introduced, followed by a general problem definition, and then several specific problems are described in detail. A set of complementary or related solution proposals are then defined based on these specific problems. Although the set of problems and solutions is based on the given examples, it is important to note that these examples represent problem types that can also be described by other specific examples. In this sense, the set of specific examples serves to provide a more general relationship between known or anticipated problems and their solutions.

[0387] Radio spectrum allocation

[0388] As background to embodiments related to the second aspect, referring to the "Radio Spectrum Allocation" section described with respect to the first aspect, including the problems and solutions of the implementation embodiments described therein.

[0389] Spectrum and radio wave propagation

[0390] As background to embodiments related to the second aspect, referring to the "Spectrum and Radio Wave Propagation" section described with respect to the first aspect, including the problems and solutions of the implementation embodiments described therein.

[0391] Spectrum sharing in L-band, S-band and C-band

[0392] Even if radio spectrum is allocated by region, overlap may still occur in some regions. For example, Figure 16 The spectrum overlap allocated to Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) services is shown. More specifically, Figure 16 The diagram illustrates a graphical representation of the spectrum allocations made by the ITU for Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) services, applicable, for example, to the satellite shown in Figure 1. It should be noted that satellites (including satellite space stations) and satellite earth stations cannot use these frequency bands if satellite mobile services are not assigned to them. In other words, a satellite MSS can only use the MSS spectrum.

[0393] For over fifty years, C-band Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) has been a cornerstone of global telecommunications infrastructure, supporting businesses, governments, and consumers across various sectors. This spectrum has fostered socio-economic development worldwide. Significant investments by governments, commercial entities, various users, and satellite operators have led to the deployment of approximately 200 geostationary satellites using C-band frequencies. Notably, the unique propagation characteristics and resistance to rain attenuation make the C-band spectrum particularly well-suited for providing robust intercontinental coverage.

[0394] The rise of terrestrial 5G technology has sparked considerable interest in repurposing C-band spectrum, intensifying the debate surrounding its allocation. Regulators now face the daunting task of balancing the appeal and potential benefits of 5G with the irreplaceable role played by satellite services, on which they have relied for over five decades. Therefore, regulators must carefully weigh the technical and economic factors associated with this decision-making process.

[0395] If regulators choose to allow the C-band to be used for terrestrial 5G services, they must address the following key aspects:

[0396] - To strike a balance between the requirements of C-band satellite services and the reasonable spectrum needs of mobile service providers;

[0397] - Implement appropriate technical measures to protect the uninterrupted operation of the C-band FSS in the presence of terrestrial services, thereby mitigating the risk of interference.

[0398] In the United States, the downlink frequency allocation for the C-band spectrum ranges from 3.7 GHz to 4.2 GHz, while in Europe it ranges from 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHz. This band is particularly advantageous for supporting telecommunications and broadcasting services in rural and marine areas where terrestrial infrastructure is limited or nonexistent. A significant advantage of the C-band is its resistance to rain attenuation, making it suitable for establishing stable links in tropical regions. Furthermore, services operating in the C-band play a critical role in emergency and disaster recovery efforts. However, sharing the same spectrum with other entities introduces the possibility of interference, such as… Figure 17 The diagram shows potential interference scenarios in the C-band.

[0399] Such interference 82 (e.g., caused by downlink signal 84 transmitted by base station 521, or vice versa) can cause low-noise block (LNB) saturation in the downlink, for example, where satellite S1 is transmitting. Disadvantageously, the existing receiving systems of fixed earth stations and mobile earth stations 522, S2 lack the ability to apply filters to mitigate this interference. Furthermore, the received signal is attenuated by the 36,000 km travel distance from geostationary orbit to Earth, becoming too weak to detect. While regulatory limits provide guidance for cellular network planning, they cannot guarantee that radio waves will not propagate beyond the predicted range.

[0400] Frequency reuse in cellular systems

[0401] As background to embodiments related to the second aspect, referring to the “Frequency Reuse in Cellular Systems” section described with respect to the first aspect, including the problems and solutions of the implementation embodiments described therein.

[0402] Interference Management

[0403] As background to embodiments related to the second aspect, referring to the "interference management" section described with respect to the first aspect, including the problems and solutions of the implementation embodiments described therein.

[0404] Terrestrial network services and non-terrestrial network services

[0405] like Figure 16 As shown, when the same or overlapping spectrum is allocated for both ground-based and non-ground-based (satellite) uses, inter-system interference is expected to occur in the overlapping coverage area, and the embodiments provide solutions for handling such interference by appropriate means.

[0406] Assuming that the NTN and TN spectrums are owned and operated by the same or related operators, and that both systems use the same technology (e.g., 4G-LTE or 5G-NR), coexistence issues can be addressed and handled by using existing technologies as well as additional new technologies disclosed in this invention. Certain scenarios may require enhancing existing technologies, adopting novel solution components, or a combination thereof.

[0407] These new technologies for addressing / solving one or more of the aforementioned problem sets include:

[0408] - Interference measurement means, including dedicated time-frequency resources for reference signals (RS) and for inter-system interference measurements;

[0409] - Reporting mechanisms for inter-band and inter-band interference in DL and UL;

[0410] - Reporting mechanisms for cross-link interference (CLI) between systems in DL and UL (intra-band and inter-band);

[0411] - Inter-system coordination channels and related protocols;

[0412] - An eICIC extension specifically designed for inter-system interference (co-deployment of TDD and FDD operations).

[0413] Further explanation of the terminology related to the interference mechanism according to the present invention.

[0414] As background to the embodiments related to the second aspect, referring to the "Further Explanation of Terms Related to the Interference Mechanism According to the Invention" section described with respect to the first aspect, including the problems and solutions of the implementation embodiments described therein.

[0415] In addition, refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As can be seen, the problems in this paper concerning one of the uplink and downlink, and the solutions proposed therefrom, can be derived accordingly for the other part (the downlink or uplink, respectively).

[0416] The terms Cross-Link Interference (CLI) and Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) are used to distinguish between types of Co-channel Interference (CCI), where, for example, in ICI, a UE receiver experiences interference from another BS, or a BS receiver experiences interference signals from a UE served by another BS. CLI describes, for example, a situation where an interfered UE is receiving signals from its serving BS, and that UE receiver experiences interference from a UE transmitting to the BS. A similar interference scenario is where a BS receiver is interfered with, for example, by a BS transmitting in the downlink, thus severely interfering with the UL signals of UEs served by the interfered BS. Furthermore, it should be noted that ICI and CLI can be intra-band interference, inter-band interference, or a combination thereof.

[0417] General problem set related to the second aspect

[0418] Typically, the relevant problem statements involve the following use cases:

[0419] 1. Resolve the coexistence problem between two different wireless communication systems operating in overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (e.g., NTN and TN co-deployment).

[0420] 2. To address the coexistence problem between two similar wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication systems with the same parameter set) operating in overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (adjacent cells of the same MNO operating with different time slot structures on the same spectrum);

[0421] 3. Resolve the coexistence problem between two different wireless communication systems operating in adjacent spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas (e.g., a railway network and a public network at 1900 MHz).

[0422] 4. Address the coexistence problem between two similar wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication systems with the same parameter set) that operate in adjacent spectrum and have overlapping coverage areas (e.g., different MNOs using different time slot structures, flexible TDD, or SBFD).

[0423] As noted in conjunction with aspect 1, although items 2 and 4 are addressed primarily by the first aspect of this disclosure, items 1 and 3 are addressed primarily by the second aspect.

[0424] It should be mentioned that another incidental constraint that may make the set of problems to be solved more difficult or easier is the objective of minimizing the inter-band dependencies that cause or suffer from intra-band, inter-band, or inter-system interference. A typical example is two MNOs operating in adjacent spectrum with certain TDD slot configurations that create interference coupling and thus affect the performance of some or all of the radio resources used by each MNO. A good solution should provide an appropriate balance between long-term and wide-ranging rigid configuration coordination (e.g., current synchronous TDD slot structures) and the flexibility to achieve, for example, different UL / DL ratios by the two MNOs. Such a solution allows each MNO to make scheduling and RRM decisions independently, but requires some reasonable effort for coordination between MNOs.

[0425] A similar example could be a TN-MNO and an NTN-MNO using adjacent / overlapping spectrum and having overlapping coverage areas. Similarly, inter-system coordination should be kept to a reasonable level, while each system can operate using its radio resources based on mature / proven mechanisms. The willingness to adopt such a coordinated configuration is more likely to be realized if the two MNOs in a given example have common or complementary interests, such as a TN-NTN partnership to fill coverage gaps or increase user capacity in a co-deployment scenario. While such mutually beneficial setups may be a leading approach for market introduction, the mechanisms used to facilitate these use cases may become mandatory or considered standard means of dealing with similar interference, even if the relevant MNOs or systems do not explicitly or uniformly benefit when inter-band or inter-system coexistence requirements are relaxed.

[0426] The UE requirements for the following configurations, measurements, and reporting will be described as part of the solution statement provided in the second aspect:

[0427] Specific Question Set

[0428] Typically, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is required to manage spectrum use in order to minimize, or at least reduce, the risks or impacts of cross-link interference (CLI) and co-channel interference (CCI) under optimal conditions. This subsection provides a detailed set of examples illustrating both CLI and CCI. However, while the examples given pertain to specific combinations of frequency bands for mobile satellite and mobile terrestrial services, these examples are applicable to other service and frequency band combinations.

[0429] E-UTRA bands 23 and 32, and NR bands n66 and n70

[0430] As an example, operators authorized to operate related services can use various frequency bands. Similarly, it is also possible to consider two or more operators offering joint or combined services and similarly using various frequency bands. In this case, consider... Figure 18The table shown details E-UTRA bands 23 and 32, and NR bands n66 and n70. This table exemplifies the spectral arrangement of bands 23, 32, n66, and n70 as defined by 3GPP, along with details of their bandwidth, supported channel bandwidth, duplex spacing, geographic region, and relevant 3GPP version. All frequencies are in megahertz (MHz).

[0431] Figure 18 The numerical details given in Figure 19 As shown in the figure, Figure 19 The diagram shows a graphical representation of E-UTRA bands 23, 32, 66, and 70, from which the following spectrum assignments overlap can be seen: uplink of band 23 with downlink of band n70; and downlink of band 23 with downlink of band n66. It should be noted that bands 66 and 70 are also defined as 5G-NR bands n66 and n70.

[0432] like Figure 18 As indicated in the table, different channel bandwidth configurations can be used within a given frequency band. For example, band n66 allows for channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz. The choice of channel bandwidth depends on the services offered; for example, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) services operate with a 1.4 MHz channel bandwidth, while mobile broadband (MBB) and enhanced MBB (eMBB) services operate with much larger channel bandwidths. Sometimes, these channel bandwidths can be aggregated to achieve a wider bandwidth. In practice, the MNO will hold a license for a given spectrum range within a given frequency band based on the stated channel bandwidth.

[0433] Figure 20 Another embodiment shown illustrates a view of EUTRA band 66 (i.e., NR band n66), in which two 10 MHz bandwidth channels 861 and 862, and 863 and 864, are allocated to an MNO in the uplink and downlink, respectively. That is, Figure 20 An example of channel bandwidth allocation for a single MNO in band 66 is shown.

[0434] exist Figure 21 In another embodiment, a single 10MHz channel 865 and 866 are allocated to the second MNO in the uplink and downlink, respectively. That is, Figure 21 An example of channel bandwidth allocation for two MNOs in band 66 is shown.

[0435] exist Figure 22 In another embodiment shown, a third MNO is added, to which two 5 MHz channels 867 and 868 and a 10 MHz channel 869 are allocated in the uplink, and to which a 20 MHz channel 86 is allocated in the downlink.10 In other words, Figure 22 An example of channel bandwidth allocation for the three MNOs in band 66 is shown.

[0436] Although each MNO can use different frequency ranges within Band 66, the base station's radio frequency (RF) front end will be equipped with a duplex filter designed for the entire band, not just a portion of it, such as... Figure 23 As shown, Figure 23 An example of the S-parameter description of a 66-band small cell base station duplex filter is shown. The same applies to user equipment (UE), although the only possible difference is that the RF performance of the base station duplexer is generally superior to that of the UE duplexer.

[0437] Frequency band usage

[0438] Approved for use Figure 19 Operators operating in the indicated frequency bands can provide a combination of satellite services (e.g., using band 23) and terrestrial services (e.g., using band 32 and / or bands n66 and / or n70), such as Figure 24 As shown. In other words, NTN services are provided via frequency band 23, and TN services are provided via frequency bands n66, n70, and supplementary downlink (SDL) frequency band 32. Figure 24 The diagram illustrates the service provided by satellite to UE1 541 and by BTS 522 to UE2 542. For both non-terrestrial network (NTN) and terrestrial network (TN) services, the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) bands are shown.

[0439] Four interference scenarios

[0440] right Figure 19 The spectrum allocation shown is Figure 24 Analyzing the deployment scenario shown, we can conclude that Figures 25 to 28 The following are four potential interference scenarios.

[0441] according to Figure 25 The embodiment illustrates an example of BTS-to-satellite cross-link interference (CLI). The transmission signal of BTS 522 in the downlink of band n70 poses a risk of CLI affecting the reception of satellite S1 in the uplink of band 23.

[0442] according to Figure 26 The embodiment illustrates an example of BTS-UE1 co-channel interference (CCI). The transmission signal of BTS 522 in downlink band n66 poses a risk of CCI affecting the reception of UE1 541 in downlink band 23.

[0443] according to Figure 27The embodiment illustrates an example of satellite-to-UE2 co-channel interference (CCI). Satellite transmissions in the downlink of band 23 pose a risk of CCI affecting UE2 542's reception in the downlink of band n70.

[0444] according to Figure 28 The embodiment illustrates an example of cross-link interference (CLI) between UE1 and UE2. The transmission signal of UE1 541 in the uplink of band 23 poses a risk of CLI affecting the reception of UE2 542 in the downlink of band n70.

[0445] Figures 25 to 28 Details of the four potential interference scenarios shown are summarized in Figure 29 The table records the interference categories—Cross-Link Interference (CLI) and Co-channel Interference (CCI), the source of the interference—the "interferer," and the party adversely receiving the interference—the "victim." The table also lists further details related to the interferer and the victim.

[0446] Cross-link interference reduction

[0447] The 3GPP specification outlines specific methods for addressing cross-link interference, particularly in the context of Time Division Duplex (TDD) networks. One approach involves using a reconfigurable TDD configuration to mitigate cross-link interference between neighboring base stations transmitting in the downlink (DL) and those transmitting in the uplink (UL). This solution uses the TDD configuration to determine the mapping of UL control information, ensuring that UL control information is transmitted in UL subframes unaffected by cross-link interference. Furthermore, the timing of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) transmissions is determined based on a specific mapping for the TDD configuration used within the cell, thereby minimizing the impact of cross-link interference on UL control information transmission.

[0448] Alternative approaches to address cross-link interference in Time Division Duplex (TDD) networks include the use of advanced interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming and interference cancellation to effectively manage and suppress cross-link interference. By leveraging beamforming capabilities and interference cancellation algorithms, base stations can dynamically adjust their transmit and receive modes to mitigate the impact of cross-link interference, thereby enhancing the overall performance and reliability of TDD networks.

[0449] In addition, deploying advanced antenna technologies, including massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), can also serve as an alternative to address cross-link interference. Massive MIMO systems utilize multiple antennas to spatially separate and distinguish the desired signal from interference, thereby achieving enhanced interference suppression and improved signal reception in the presence of cross-link interference.

[0450] Inter-cell interference reduced

[0451] 3GPP specifications and industry discussions emphasize specific methods for addressing co-channel interference and crosstalk in mobile communications, which manifest as inter-cell interference. Some of these methods include:

[0452] Better frequency reuse design: Implementing improved frequency reuse designs can reduce co-channel interference. Increasing the distance between cells using the same frequency range reduces the likelihood of crosstalk caused by frequency reuse in mobile communications.

[0453] Reducing cell size: In mobile communications, reducing cell size increases the co-channel multiplexing distance, thereby reducing co-channel interference. As the distance between co-channels increases, interference decreases.

[0454] Using cooperative transmitters: In mobile communications, using cooperative transmitters can convert interfering channels into broadcast channels, thereby reducing co-channel interference and crosstalk.

[0455] The embodiments also provide solutions for implementing the following technical implementations in the above-described wireless communication environment.

[0456] - The UE performs measurements in the subband / interfered BWP associated with the suspected disruptor;

[0457] - The UE is configured or informed of a specific resource allocation mode (IM RE);

[0458] - Note: The examples involve collaborative measurement scenarios, such as ABS, gNB coordination, etc.

[0459] - The UE is configured or informed of specific information about potential interferers (cell ID, SSB, etc.) — The UE may also be further informed of details about the source, such as by measuring RSRP;

[0460] - The UE is configured or informed about measurements being taken in a frequency band different from its operating frequency band (this includes measurements in the DL band and UL band);

[0461] Note: Interference is always experienced by the affected party, so it is preferred that the measurement be performed by the affected party. However, other nearby devices may also provide information that can be used to identify the source of interference and its range. Therefore, the embodiments provide for measurement by the affected party and such nearby devices.

[0462] - The UE can be configured to measure PER, BER, and aggregate resource-specific error allocations (soft bits in the eLLR reference). The UE can trace back to radio resources that are repetitive or sporadic (deterministic / random) prone to error.

[0463] - Spectrum measurements should be associated with polarization, direction of arrival (beam pattern), location, orientation, timestamp, averaging, filtering, etc. in the measurement report.

[0464] - The UE can be configured with parameters to support, for example, measuring power delay distribution or AoA spectrum based on correlation with known signals.

[0465] - The UE can measure frequency offset to identify Doppler shift;

[0466] - The UE can measure timing offsets to identify different systems, gNBs, system configurations, etc.

[0467] These configurations allow for the reliable sensing or detection of interference and the handling or mitigation of it.

[0468] The proposed ICIC solution

[0469] Two inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) schemes can be applied as technical solutions to the four interference scenarios described in the "Specific Problems" section:

[0470] Interference scenario a) (see Figure 25 )

[0471] - ICIC(A)

[0472] - Allows NTN-UL to be free from TN BL interference (for the protected time slot of uplink 23).

[0473] - NTN-UEs with good channel with satellites can transmit in unprotected time slots, but must coordinate with the operation of local TN-UEs in the downlink.

[0474] - An example of an RRM-based solution where "empty" is used to protect resource elements (REs).

[0475] - An example of a coordinated / cooperative RRM implementation allows for partial protection of the NTN UL (by disposing of an empty UL RACCH RE at the TN DL gNB to protect the CP of the NTN RACCH, and dynamically emptying the UP of the NTN UL at the TN DL, while using other resources of the TN DL to provide dynamically allocated TN DL BCs, such as SSBs for the NTN gNB). Since the SSB of the gNB is located somewhere that can be derived from the GSCN, it is assumed that BWPs should be excluded from the TN DLs of multiple TN gNBs that may interfere with the NTN UL. This can be achieved by using non-self-describing cells (i.e., BWPs or frequency bands that operate without using SSBs and other synchronization support signals). The same principle should apply to the NTN UL RACCH (which, in LTE, is located at the edge of the frequency band).

[0476] Figures 30a to 30c show a graphical representation of the ICIC(A) solution proposal applied to interference solution a).

[0477] Figure 30c illustrates relevant details of an example of an RRM-based solution where resource elements (REs) are protected by using "empty" settings. Figure 30c shows an example of an RRM-based solution that allows partial protection of REs by emptying them on the TN-DL frame. Disabled or empty REs can be used to protect the RACCH (aligned with the RACCH position of the NTN UL-RX). Dynamically disabled empty REs can provide DL SSBs for TN DL and reserve UL REs for NTN data.

[0478] Interference scenario b) (see Figure 26 )

[0479] - ICIC(B)

[0480] - Favorable to DL n66 and 23 (covering the first coverage area of ​​NTN);

[0481] - Band 32 (SDL) helps reduce reliance on n66;

[0482] - An example of an RRM-based solution where "empty" is used to protect resource elements (REs).

[0483] - An example of a coordinated / cooperative RRM implementation allows for partial protection of the NTN UL (by protecting the CP of the NTN RACCH by disposing of an empty UL RACCH RE at the TN DL gNB and dynamically emptying the UP of the NTN UL at the TN DL, while using other resources of the TN DL to provide dynamically allocated TN DL BCs, such as SSBs for the NTN gNB). Since the SSB of the gNB is located somewhere that can be derived from the GSCN, it is assumed that BWPs should be excluded from the TN DL of multiple TN gNBs, which may interfere with the NTN UL. This can be achieved by using non-self-describing cells (i.e., BWPs or frequency bands that operate without using SSBs and other synchronization support signals). The same principle should apply to the NTN UL RACCH (which, in LTE, is located at the edge of the frequency band).

[0484] Referring again to Figures 30a to 30c, a schematic representation of the ICIC(A) solution proposal applied to interference solution a) is also shown.

[0485] Interference scenario c) (see Figure 27 )

[0486] - ICIC(B)

[0487] - Favorable to DL n66 and 23 (covering the first coverage area of ​​NTN);

[0488] - Band 32 (SDL) helps reduce reliance on n66;

[0489] - An example of an RRM-based solution where "empty" is used to protect resource elements (REs).

[0490] - An example of a coordinated / cooperative RRM implementation allows for partial protection of the NTN UL (by protecting the CP of the NTN RACCH by disposing of an empty UL RACCH RE at the TN DL gNB and dynamically emptying the UP of the NTN UL at the TN DL, while using other resources of the TN DL to provide dynamically allocated TN DL BCs, such as SSBs for the NTN gNB). Since the SSB of the gNB is located somewhere that can be derived from the GSCN, it is assumed that BWPs should be excluded from the TN DL of multiple TN gNBs, which may interfere with the NTN UL. This can be achieved by using non-self-describing cells (i.e., BWPs or frequency bands that operate without using SSBs and other synchronization support signals). The same principle should apply to the NTN UL RACCH (which, in LTE, is located at the edge of the frequency band).

[0491] Interference scenario d) (see Figure 28 )

[0492] - ICIC(A)

[0493] - Allows NTN-UL to be free from TN BL interference (for the protected time slot of uplink 23).

[0494] - NTN-UEs with good channel with satellites can transmit in unprotected time slots, but must coordinate with the operation of local TN-UEs in the downlink.

[0495] - An example of an RRM-based solution where "empty" is used to protect resource elements (REs).

[0496] - An example of a coordinated / cooperative RRM implementation allows for partial protection of the NTN UL (by protecting the CP of the NTN RACCH by disposing of an empty UL RACCH RE at the TN DL gNB and dynamically emptying the UP of the NTN UL at the TN DL, while using other resources of the TN DL to provide dynamically allocated TN DL BCs, such as SSBs for the NTN gNB). Since the SSB of the gNB is located somewhere that can be derived from the GSCN, it is assumed that BWPs should be excluded from the TN DL of multiple TN gNBs, which may interfere with the NTN UL. This can be achieved by using non-self-describing cells (i.e., BWPs or frequency bands that operate without using SSBs and other synchronization support signals). The same principle should apply to the NTN UL RACCH (which, in LTE, is located at the edge of the frequency band).

[0497] Embodiments of the present invention provide several advantages, including:

[0498] Because spectrum allocations are easy to detect, it is relatively easy to demonstrate or prove that the spectrum allocation is being used via the over-the-air (OTA) interface, thereby enabling the identification of the infringing MNO. This makes the NW / gNB implementation enforceable.

[0499] Reference Figure 31 This illustrates the relationship between frequency bands of terrestrial networks (TN) and non-terrestrial networks (NTN), such as the downlink (1995-2020) and uplink (1695-1710) of band 70. It overlaps with the downlink (2110-2200) of band 66 (AWS). S-band (satellite) band 23 further overlaps in UL (2000-2020) and DL (2180-2200). The overlapping bands n70 (DL, TN) with 23 (UL, NTN) and n66 (DL, TN) with 23 (DL, NTN) may be particularly relevant to the solutions provided in the embodiments.

[0500] Reference Figure 32 V:NTN UL RX via N70 BTS; V:NT UE DL-RX via 23 UE may cause cross-link interference (CLI). V:TNT UE-RX via 23 SAT; V:NTN UE-RX via N66 BTS may cause co-channel interference, where V represents the affected party experiencing interference caused by the corresponding entity.

[0501] For high-power UEs (PC1.5) >23 dBm, the effective UL BW per UE can be reduced to allow for an increase in PSB. The CPE is pointed at the satellite with a 90° beamwidth, Sat: 9 dBi.

[0502] ICIC(A) allows NTN-UL to be unaffected by TNDL interference (for the protected time slot of 23 UL). NTN-UEs with good channel with SAT can transmit in unprotected time slots, but must coordinate with the operation of local TN-UEs in DL.

[0503] ICIC(B) is beneficial for DL ​​(coverage range of NTN) in N66 and 23. DL 32 helps reduce reliance on N66; embodiments involve examining what dual-band equipment (DN) can achieve for the system. Furthermore, the figure shows that satellites cause CCI in DL 23 and NTN causes CLI in UL 23. If the TLUE is indoors, there may be no problem; the relevant outdoor solution involves ICIC(B) in N66. Offloading of DL 32 may involve ICIC(A) in N70. For example, ICIC(B) can help offload DL 32. As shown, ground base stations may cause CLI in DL N70 and CCI in N66.

[0504] a) N70 DL CLI. The interference is continuous (stable).

[0505] b) N66 DL CCI.

[0506] - ICIC(A){a, d}

[0507] - Allows NTN-UL to be free from TN BL interference (for the protected time slot of uplink 23).

[0508] - NTN-UEs with good channel with satellites can transmit in unprotected time slots, but must coordinate with the operation of local TN-UEs in the downlink.

[0509] - ICIC(B){b,c}

[0510] - Favorable for DL ​​(first coverage of NTN) for n66 and 23.

[0511] - Band 32 (SDL) helps reduce reliance on n66.

[0512] Reference Figure 33 , Figure 33A wireless communication scenario according to an embodiment, particularly but not limited to the second aspect of the invention, is illustrated, in which a UE (e.g., of NTN type) is shown that can perform measurements on the portion of its schedule for uplink transmission, such as when scheduled for FDD. By performing such measurements, a device or entity evaluating the measurements or the reports generated based on the measurements can determine or assess whether an interferer (such as a ground (TN) gNB) is located nearby.

[0513] The connection between the first and second aspects

[0514] As described above, for example in the “General Problem Set,” aspect 1 relates to the coexistence of networks that may rely on similar or even identical RATs, such as coexistence in overlapping or adjacent spectrum. Aspect 2 may focus on the coexistence of networks that may use different RATs but may also be located in overlapping or adjacent spectrum. The RAT used for RF power transmitting or causing interference in the spectrum may be of some importance for interference mitigation measures; however, the RF power itself may be transmitted using one or another RAT. Therefore, when the RAT is known, other mechanisms that cause interference, such as time-slot structures, can be considered when mitigating interference, whether this refers to avoiding the cause of interference or avoiding being interfered with, i.e., whether the mechanism is implemented at the interferer and / or the victim. When the RAT is unknown, similar or other mechanisms can be used to mitigate or avoid interference. Therefore, to address the common problem of network coexistence, embodiments of the first aspect and embodiments of the second aspect can be combined with each other without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0515] According to the embodiments of the second aspect, the following applies:

[0516] According to a first embodiment of the second aspect, the device is configured to operate in a wireless communication system and receive communication using receiving resources (e.g., all receiving resources or a subset of resources—static or variable—used for the device's own reception).

[0517] The device is used to measure interference in resources different from the received resource (i.e., measurement is not limited to the measured / received resource); and / or to measure interference in resources allocated to another device for reception; and

[0518] The device is used to provide a measurement report based on the measurement results and / or adjust the operation of the device based on the measurement results.

[0519] In conjunction with the first embodiment, providing a measurement report on interference is merely one form of the solution. For example, instead of reporting interference, the device could measure the interference and decide to exclude or modify specific time slots or REs from CSI and CQI reports. Embodiments involve the network specifically configuring the device to perform measurements on known or suspected time slots and frequencies.

[0520] The frequency bands mentioned herein can have different meanings. For example, a frequency band can be or include EUTRA bands, LTE bands, NR bands, channel bandwidth assignments within one of these bands, carrier bandwidth, uplink bands, downlink bands, and bandwidth portions. As a supplement or alternative, there may be manipulated channels and measurements of adjacent channels, including a first lower adjacent channel, a second lower adjacent channel, a first higher adjacent channel, and a second higher adjacent channel (all examples of in-band measurements). In-band measurements are also performed in conjunction with idling and measurements of reference signals transmitted specifically for interference assessment purposes.

[0521] According to a second embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in embodiment 1 is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to perform measurements in at least one frequency band, which is different when compared with a frequency band associated with the received resource, for example, measurements in the DL band and / or UL band.

[0522] In other words, the measurements can be correlated with the frequency band in which the UE operates, especially the observed SBFD time slot. Here, detailed CLI analysis and relevant descriptions in the report, based on the UE capabilities and CLI environment, can help the scheduler make informed resource allocations.

[0523] According to a third embodiment of the second aspect, the device described in embodiment 2 is provided, wherein the frequency band relates to at least one of the following:

[0524] - The channel of the wireless communication system or different wireless communication systems;

[0525] - At least one frequency band used by a wireless communication system; and

[0526] - Frequency bands used for specific radio access technologies (RATs).

[0527] According to a fourth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a measurement report using uplink resources associated with the received resources; and / or

[0528] The device is configured to provide the measurement report using resources different from the uplink resources and / or resources different from the resources of the wireless communication system.

[0529] According to a fifth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the preceding embodiments is provided, wherein the receiving resources are operated by at least one service-providing entity (such as a satellite or base station, for example, a satellite or base station in a cell) or by a group of service-providing entities.

[0530] According to a sixth embodiment of the second aspect, the device described in embodiment 5 is provided, wherein the service providing entity (SPE) is one of the following:

[0531] - Base station;

[0532] - Relay node;

[0533] - Repeater;

[0534] - Vehicle-mounted relay node (VMR);

[0535] - Side link relay node;

[0536] - Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS);

[0537] - High-altitude platform (HAP);

[0538] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); and

[0539] - Satellite;

[0540] or

[0541] The service provider entity group includes multiple such service provider entities.

[0542] According to a seventh embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to operate in a terrestrial network (TN) and to measure interference from different TNs or non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0543] According to an eighth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used for operation in a maritime network (MN) and for measuring interference caused by at least one of the following:

[0544] - Different MNs;

[0545] - TN;

[0546] - NTN; and

[0547] - Aviation network.

[0548] According to a ninth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to operate in an aviation network (AN) and to measure interference caused by at least one of the following:

[0549] - Different ANs;

[0550] - MN;

[0551] - TN; and

[0552] - NTN.

[0553] According to a tenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus as described in any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to measure interference based on received instructions and / or based on the effects of perceived interference [e.g., channel degradation within a frequency band]. That is, although many devices may experience some effects from one or more interference sources, only those devices suffering from these effects can be considered as affected. According to embodiments, non-affected devices can also be appropriated to measure interference. Therefore, other nearby devices or devices experiencing similar interference conditions to the device described can assist in interference assessment.

[0554] According to the eleventh embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to use a duplex filter applicable to a frequency range, the frequency range covering a frequency band as a first part and an additional frequency range as at least a second part; wherein the apparatus is used to measure interference at least in a portion of the second part.

[0555] According to a twelfth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to embodiment 11 is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to filter the received resources using a channel selection filter to at least partially mitigate interference.

[0556] In other words, a specific frequency-selective filter at the equipment (such as a BS or UE) can further limit the leakage of transmitted signals into adjacent frequency bands and protect the operating frequency band from interference overflow from adjacent bands. Such filters can be designed, but their cost can be high. Typically, the FDD duplex spacing separates the entire UL band from the DL band, but does not further spectral separation of the signal within each band.

[0557] According to a thirteenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to perform a measurement in at least one of the following, as a response to or additionally to the receiving resource:

[0558] - Subbands associated with suspected harassers;

[0559] - The frequency affected by interference (such as the bandwidth portion (BWP)), for example, based on available interference information;

[0560] - Packet error rate (PER), bit error rate (BER), such as soft bits with resource-specific error allocation, such as in enhanced link-level reports;

[0561] - Radio resources that are prone to error, either repeatedly or sporadically (e.g., deterministically / randomly);

[0562] - Based on the power delay distribution and / or angle of arrival (AoA) spectrum related to at least one known signal, for example based on the relevant information obtained;

[0563] - Frequency offset relative to a reference, such as identifying Doppler shift;

[0564] - A timing offset relative to a reference, for example, a timing offset relative to a different communication system, such as a timing offset that identifies a different system, gNB (TN or NTN), or system configuration.

[0565] According to the fourteenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is used to measure interference based at least on the following:

[0566] - Received interference power;

[0567] - Received resource allocation pattern (Interference Measurement Resource Element (IM RE));

[0568] - Received information indicating potential sources of interference, including, for example, cell ID, synchronization signal block (SSB), etc.

[0569] According to a fifteenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure interference as a spectrum measurement; wherein the apparatus is configured to provide the report or to derive interference information including information indicating the following, the interference information forming the basis for adjustment operations:

[0570] - Information indicating polarization, direction of arrival, identified beam pattern, position, orientation, timestamp, measurements obtained by averaging, measurements obtained by filtering, and said information is associated with said spectrum measurement.

[0571] According to a sixteenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure interference as a time measurement in at least one time resource (such as a time slot or OFDM symbol of a wireless communication system); wherein the apparatus is configured to provide the report or to derive interference information including information indicating the following, the interference information forming the basis for adjusting the operation:

[0572] - Information indicating polarization, direction of arrival, identified beam pattern, position, orientation, timestamp, measurements obtained by averaging, measurements obtained by filtering, and said information associated with said time measurement.

[0573] According to the seventeenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any one of embodiments 15 or 16 is provided, wherein the apparatus or the apparatus receiving the report is adapted to identify an interference source, such as a satellite, based on the interference information.

[0574] According to the eighteenth embodiment of the second aspect, an apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments is provided, wherein the apparatus is one of the following:

[0575] - Base station;

[0576] - Relay node;

[0577] - Repeater;

[0578] - Vehicle-mounted relay node (VMR);

[0579] - Side link relay node;

[0580] - Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS);

[0581] - High-altitude platform (HAP);

[0582] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); and

[0583] - Satellite.

[0584] According to the nineteenth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided, comprising:

[0585] The first service provider entity is adapted to use the first resource set and provide wireless communication services for the first terminal device set;

[0586] At least a second service-providing entity is adapted to use a second set of resources to provide wireless communication services to a second set of terminal devices;

[0587] A coordination device adapted to obtain at least one measurement report, the at least one measurement report indicating, for example, a first interference as option 1 and / or a second interference as option 2, the first interference being perceived by a terminal in the first service providing entity or the first set of terminals based on the operation of a terminal in the second service providing entity or the second set of terminals, and the second interference being perceived by a terminal in the second service providing entity or the second set of terminals based on the operation of a terminal in the first service providing entity or the first set of terminals;

[0588] The coordination device is configured to provide resource allocation information indicating resource allocation for at least one of the first and second service providing entities (SPEs) to mitigate the first and / or the second interference. For example, each SPE may "avoid" perceived interference and / or modify its allocation to reduce the resulting interference.

[0589] According to the twentieth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 19 is provided, wherein at least a subset of the first set of terminal devices has one or more terminals, and / or wherein at least a subset of the second set of terminal devices has one or more terminals, the one or more terminals having common mobility behavior, for example, they are traveling in or on the same vehicle.

[0590] According to the twenty-first embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 19 or 20 is provided, wherein the coordination entity is used to provide the resource allocation information to obtain overall optimization of at least one communication parameter (PER, BER, latency, retransmission count, etc.) for the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity and for the first terminal set and / or the second terminal set.

[0591] According to a twenty-second embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided according to any one of embodiments 19 to 21, wherein the first service providing entity is configured for operation of a terrestrial network; and wherein the second service providing entity is configured for operation of a non-terrestrial network or a railway network.

[0592] According to the twenty-third embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any one of embodiments 19 to 22 is provided.

[0593] The first service provider entity is configured for a first type of operation in one of the following ways:

[0594] - TN;

[0595] - Maritime Network (MN);

[0596] - Aviation Network (AN);

[0597] Furthermore, the second service-providing entity is configured for one of the following different types of operations:

[0598] - TN;

[0599] - Maritime Network (MN);

[0600] - Aviation Network (AN).

[0601] According to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any one of embodiments 19 to 23 is provided, including:

[0602] At least a third service provider entity is suitable for using a third set of resources to provide wireless communication services to a third set of terminal devices;

[0603] The third service provider is configured to operate on networks of the same or different types as the first and second service providers.

[0604] According to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided according to any one of embodiments 19 to 24; wherein the first service provider or the second service provider is adapted to operate a static network or a mobile network, such as AN, MN, NTN or TN.

[0605] The motivation is to ensure that the network being represented (and not just the UEs served by that network) can be stationary or mobile, or sometimes stationary and sometimes mobile. A railroad WCS is an example of a (terrestrial) network moving into and out of the coverage area of ​​other networks (e.g., other terrestrial or non-terrestrial networks). When a train arrives at a station or stops en route due to a signal, the mobile railroad network ceases to move within other (mobile or non-mobile) networks. It should also be noted that the speed of a mobile network may change as it moves. Taking a train as an example, it should not only be possible to predict the train's route, but also to estimate its speed along that route. These two pieces of information can be combined to predict the train's location at a given time. Similar arguments apply to other mobile networks (buses, trucks, boats, ships, airplanes, satellites, etc.).

[0606] According to a twenty-sixth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in embodiment 25 is provided, wherein the coordinating node / device / entity is adapted to coordinate the first service provider entity and / or the second service provider entity, taking into account the speed of the mobile network or the predicted location of the mobile network relative to the coverage of a network operated by another service provider entity.

[0607] According to the twenty-seventh embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario according to any one of embodiments 19 to 26 is provided, wherein the first service providing entity is configured for operation of a public network (e.g., a terrestrial network); and wherein the second service providing entity is configured for operation of a private network such as a wireless campus network.

[0608] According to the twenty-eighth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any one of embodiments 19 to 27 is provided.

[0609] Wherein, the resource allocation information indicates resources used by at least one of the first service providing entity and the first set of terminals, and avoided by at least one of the second service providing entity and the second set of terminals; and / or

[0610] The resource allocation information indicates resources that are used by at least one of the second service provider entity and the second set of terminals, and that are avoided by at least one of the first service provider entity and the first set of terminals.

[0611] According to the twenty-ninth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario is provided according to any one of embodiments 19 to 28, wherein the wireless communication scenario is adapted to instruct multiple terminals in a first terminal set or devices communicating with the first terminal set, and / or multiple terminals from a second terminal set or devices communicating with the second terminal set, to perform a collaborative measurement scenario, thereby obtaining multiple measurement reports and / or adjusting the operation of the terminals / devices based on the measurement results.

[0612] According to the thirtieth embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario according to any one of embodiments 19 to 29 is provided, wherein at least one of the first service providing entity, the second service providing entity, the terminal in the first terminal set, and the terminal in the second terminal set conforms to any one of embodiments 1 to 18.

[0613] According to the thirty-first embodiment of the second aspect, a wireless communication scenario as described in any one of embodiments 19 to 30 is provided, wherein the first interference is one of inter-cell interference (ICI) and cross-link interference (CLI); and

[0614] The second interference is either ICI or CLI.

[0615] According to a thirty-second embodiment of the second aspect, a coordination device is provided for operation in a wireless communication scenario (such as any one of embodiments 19 to 31), wherein the coordination entity is configured to:

[0616] Obtain at least one measurement report indicating, for example, a first interference as option 1 and / or a second interference as option 2, the first interference being perceived by a first service-providing entity or a first set of terminals in the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a second resource set by terminals in a second service-providing entity or a second set of terminals, and the second interference being perceived by a second service-providing entity or a second set of terminals in the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a first resource set by terminals in a first service-providing entity or a first set of terminals; and

[0617] The coordination mechanism is configured to provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity, to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference. For example, each SPE may "avoid" perceived interference and / or modify its allocation to reduce the resulting interference.

[0618] According to a thirty-third embodiment of the second aspect, a method for operating a device in a wireless communication system is provided, the method comprising:

[0619] The device is used to receive communication using receiving resources;

[0620] The device is used to measure interference in resources different from the received resource; and / or to measure interference in resources assigned to another device for reception; and

[0621] Provide measurement reports based on the measurement results and / or adjust the operation of the equipment based on the measurement results.

[0622] According to a thirty-fourth embodiment of the second aspect, a method for operating a wireless communication scenario is provided, the method comprising:

[0623] Operate a first service-providing entity to use a first set of resources and provide wireless communication services for a first set of terminal devices;

[0624] Operate at least a second service-providing entity to provide wireless communication services to a second set of terminal devices using a second set of resources;

[0625] Operate a coordination device to obtain at least one measurement report, the at least one measurement report indicating, for example, a first interference as option 1 and / or, for example, a second interference as option 2, the first interference being perceived by the first service providing entity or a terminal in the first terminal set based on the operation of the second service providing entity or a terminal in the second terminal set, and the second interference being perceived by the second service providing entity or a terminal in the second terminal set based on the operation of the first service providing entity or a terminal in the first terminal set;

[0626] Provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity, to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

[0627] According to a thirty-fifth embodiment of the second aspect, a method for operating a coordination device in a wireless communication scenario is provided, the method comprising:

[0628] Obtain at least one measurement report indicating, for example, a first interference as option 1 and / or a second interference as option 2, wherein the first interference is perceived by a first service-providing entity or a terminal in a first set of terminals in the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a second resource set by a terminal in a second set of terminals in a second set of terminals in a second set of terminals in a wireless communication scenario, and the second interference is perceived by a second service-providing entity or a terminal in a second set of terminals in the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a first resource set by a terminal in a first set of terminals in a first set of terminals in a second set of terminals in a wireless communication scenario; and

[0629] Provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity, to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

[0630] According to the thirty-sixth embodiment of the second aspect, a computer-readable digital storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program having program code for executing the method of any one of embodiments 33 to 35 when run on a computer.

[0631] The various elements and features of this invention can be implemented in hardware using analog and / or digital circuits, in software by executing instructions from one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors, or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, embodiments of this invention can be implemented in a computer system or other processing system environment. Figure 34 An example of a computer system 500 is shown. The units or modules and the method steps performed by these units can be executed on one or more computer systems 500. The computer system 500 includes one or more processors 502, such as dedicated digital signal processors or general-purpose digital signal processors. The processors 502 are connected to a communication infrastructure 504, such as a bus or network. The computer system 500 includes main memory 506 (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) and secondary memory 508 (e.g., hard disk drives and / or removable storage drives). The secondary memory 508 may allow computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system 500. The computer system 500 may also include a communication interface 510 to allow the transfer of software and data between the computer system 500 and external devices. The communication may take the form of electronic signals, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or other signals that can be processed by the communication interface. The communication may use wires or cables, optical fibers, telephone lines, cellular telephone links, RF links, and other communication channels 512.

[0632] The terms "computer program medium" and "computer-readable medium" are generally used to refer to tangible storage media such as removable storage units or hard disks mounted in hard disk drives. These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system 500. The computer program (also called computer control logic) is stored in main memory 506 and / or auxiliary memory 508. The computer program can also be received via communication interface 510. When executed, the computer program enables computer system 500 to implement the present invention. Specifically, when executed, the computer program enables processor 502 to implement the processes of the present invention, such as any of the methods described herein. Thus, such a computer program can represent a controller of computer system 500. In the case of software implementation of this disclosure, the software can be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 500 using a removable storage drive, an interface such as communication interface 510, etc.

[0633] The hardware or software implementation can be executed using a digital storage medium, such as a cloud storage device, floppy disk, DVD, Blu-ray disc, CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or FLASH memory, on which electronically readable control signals are stored. These electronically readable control signals cooperate with (or are capable of cooperating with) a programmable computer system to execute the corresponding method. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer-readable.

[0634] Some embodiments of the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals that are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system to perform one of the methods described herein.

[0635] Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product having program code, which, when run on a computer, can execute one of the methods. For example, the program code can be stored on a machine-readable medium.

[0636] Other embodiments include a computer program stored on a machine-readable medium for performing one of the methods described herein. In other words, one embodiment of the inventive method is therefore a computer program having program code that, when run on a computer, performs one of the methods described herein.

[0637] Therefore, another embodiment of the method of the invention is a data carrier (or digital storage medium or computer-readable medium) having a computer program recorded thereon for performing one of the methods described herein. Therefore, another embodiment of the method of the invention is a data stream or signal sequence representing a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. For example, the data stream or signal sequence may be configured to be transmitted via a data communication connection (e.g., via the Internet). Another embodiment includes a processing device (e.g., a computer or programmable logic device) configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein. Another embodiment includes a computer having a computer program mounted thereon for performing one of the methods described herein.

[0638] In some embodiments, programmable logic devices (such as field-programmable gate arrays) may be used to perform some or all of the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the field-programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the methods are preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0639] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It should be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended to be limited only by the scope of the following claims and not by the specific details given herein through the description and illustration of the embodiments.

[0640] 2G Second generation 3G Third generation 3GPP Third Generation Partner Program 3PC Third-party controller 4G Fourth generation 5G Fifth generation 5GC 5G core network AAS Active antenna system AAU Advanced antenna elements ACLR Adjacent channel leakage ratio ADC Analog-to-digital converter AF Application Functions AP Access point ARQ Automatic retransmission request AU Antenna unit BER Bit error rate BLER Block error rate BP Behavioral plane BS Base transceiver BT Bluetooth BTS Base transceiver CA Carrier aggregation CBR Channel busy rate CC Component carrier CCI Co-channel interference CCO Coverage and capacity optimization CHO Condition switching CLI Cross-link interference CLI-RSS Cross-link interference received signal strength CP control surface CP1 Control plane 1 CP2 Control plane 2 CPRI General Public Radio Interface CSI-IM Channel state information interference measurement CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal CU Centralized / centralized unit D2D equipment to equipment DAPS Dual activation protocol stack DAC Digital-to-analog converter DC-CA Dual-connection carrier aggregation DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Communication DL downlink DMRS Demodulation reference signal DOA direction of arrival DRB Data wireless bearer DT Digital twin DU Distributed Unit ECGI E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier E-CID Enhanced Cell ID eCPRI Enhanced CPRI eICIC Enhanced ICIC (see ICIC) eMBB Enhanced mobile broadband eNB Evolved Node B EN-DC E-UTRAN-New Radio Dual Connectivity EUTRA Enhanced UTRA E-UTRAN Enhanced UTRA Network FSS Frequency-selective surface gNB Next-generation node B GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positioning System GSO Geostationary orbit HAPS Aerial Platform HARQ Hybrid ARQ IAB Integrated access and backhaul ICI Inter-carrier interference and inter-channel interference ICIC Inter-cell interference elimination ICN Information Center Network ID Identity / Identifier IF Intermediate frequency IIOT Industrial Internet of Things IMT International Mobile Communications ITU ITU KPI Key performance indicators LTE Long-term evolution MBB Mobile broadband MCG Main Community Group MCS Modulation coding scheme MDT Minimize road testing MIMO Multiple Input / Multiple Output MLR Measurement, recording and reporting MLRD MLR equipment MNO Mobile network operators MR-DC Multiple RAT dual-connection MSS Mobile satellite services NB-IoT Narrowband Internet of Things NCGI New air interface cell global identifier NEF Network Open Functions NG Next generation ng-eNB Next-generation eNB Provide the UE with E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol termination and connect to the 5GC node via the NG interface. NG-RAN Either gNB or NG-eNB NGSO Non-geostationary orbit NIC Network interface connection NR New air outlet NR-U Unauthorized NR NR operating in unlicensed spectrum NTN Non-terrestrial networks OAM Operation and maintenance OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OTT Over-the-top business oRAN See Open RAN Open RAN Open radio access network PCI Physical cell identifier Also known as PCID PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PER Grouping error rate PHY Physical layer PLMN Public Land Mobile Network QCL Quasi-co-location QOS Service quality RA Random Access RACH Random Access Channel RAN Radio access network RAT Radio access technology RE Resource Elements RF Radio frequency RIM Radio access network information management RIM-RS RIM Reference Signal RIS Reconfigurable smart surfaces RISC RIS controller RLC Wireless link control RLF Wireless link failure RLM Wireless link monitoring RP Receiving point R-PLMN Registered public land mobile network RRC Radio Resource Control RRU Remote radio unit RS Reference signal RSRP Reference signal received power RSRQ Reference signal reception quality RSSI Received signal strength indicator RSTD Reference signal time difference RTOA relative arrival time RTT Round trip time RU radio unit SA standalone networking SCEF Business capability opening function SCG Auxiliary Community Group SDU Business Data Unit SES Satellite Earth Station SIB System Information Block SINR Signal interference plus noise ratio SIR Xin Ganbi SL Side link SNR Signal-to-noise ratio SON Self-organizing networks SOTA Current technological level SRS Detection reference signal SRI Detection Reference Indicator SS Synchronization signal SSB Synchronization signal block SSID Service set identifier SS-PBCH Detection signal / physical broadcast TAC Tracking area code TB Transport block TCI Transmission configuration instructions TDD Time Division Duplex TN Terrestrial Network TSG Technical Specifications Group UAV Unmanned aerial vehicles UE User equipment UL uplink UP User interface URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator URLLC Ultra-reliable low-latency communication UTRAN General Terrestrial Wireless Access Network V2X Connected Vehicles VoIP Voice based on Internet Protocol vRAN Virtual RAN WI Work Items WLAN Wireless LAN WRC World Radiocommunication Congress

Claims

1. A device configured to operate in a wireless communication system and to receive communication using receiving resources; in, The device is used to measure interference in resources different from the received resources; and / or to measure interference in resources allocated to another device for receiving. and The device is used to provide measurement reports based on measurement results and / or adjust the operation of the device based on the measurement results.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The device is used to perform measurements in at least one frequency band that is different when compared with a frequency band associated with the received resource, for example, measurements in the DL band and / or UL band.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein, The frequency band involves at least one of the following: -The channel of the wireless communication system or different wireless communication systems; - At least one frequency band used by a wireless communication system; and - Frequency bands used for specific Radio Access Technologies (RATs).

4. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is configured to provide the measurement report using uplink resources associated with the received resources; and / or The device is configured to provide the measurement report using resources different from the uplink resources and / or resources different from the resources of the wireless communication system.

5. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The receiving resources are operated by at least one service provider entity, such as by a satellite or base station, for example, in a cell, or by a group of service providers entities.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein, The Service Provider Entity (SPE) is one of the following: -Base station; - Relay node; - Repeater; -Vehicle-mounted relay node (VMR); - Side link relay node; -Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS); - High-altitude platform (HAP); - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); and -satellite; or The service provider entity group includes multiple such service provider entities.

7. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to operate in a terrestrial network (TN) and to measure interference in different TNs or non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

8. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used for operation in a marine network MN and for measuring interference caused by at least one of the following: -Different MNs; -TN; -NTN; and -Aerospace network.

9. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to operate in an aviation network (AN) and to measure interference caused by at least one of the following: -Different ANs; -MN; -TN; and -NTN.

10. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to measure interference based on received instructions and / or based on the perceived effects of interference. That is, although many devices may experience some effects from one or more interference sources, only those devices that suffer from these effects can be called the affected devices. According to the embodiment, non-affected devices can also be requisitioned to measure interference. Therefore, other nearby devices or devices experiencing similar interference situations as the device can assist in the interference assessment.

11. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to employ a duplex filter applicable to a frequency range, the frequency range covering a frequency band as a first part and an additional frequency range as at least a second part, wherein the device is used to measure interference at least in a portion of the second part.

12. The device according to claim 11, wherein, The device is used to filter the received resources using a channel selection filter to at least partially mitigate interference.

13. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to perform measurements in at least one of the following, as a receiving resource or additionally: - Subbands associated with suspected harassers; - The frequency subjected to interference, such as the bandwidth portion (BWP), for example, based on available interference information; - Packet error rate PER, bit error rate BER, such as soft bits in resource-specific error allocation, like in enhanced link-level reports; - Radio resources that are repeatedly or sporadically prone to error, such as radio resources that are deterministically / randomly prone to error; - Based on the power delay distribution and / or angle of arrival (AoA) spectrum related to at least one known signal, for example, based on the relevant information obtained; - Frequency offset relative to a reference, such as identifying Doppler shift; - A timing offset relative to a reference, such as a timing offset relative to a different communication system, for example, the timing offset identifying different systems, gNBs (TN or NTN), and system configurations.

14. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to measure interference based on at least the following: - Received interference power; - Received resource allocation pattern (interference measurement resource element IM Re); - Received information indicating potential sources of interference, including, for example, cell ID, synchronization signal block (SSB), etc.

15. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to measure interference as a spectral measurement, wherein the device is used to provide a report or to derive interference information to include information indicating that the interference information forms the basis for adjusting the operation: - Information indicating polarization, direction of arrival, identified beam pattern, position, orientation, timestamp, measurements obtained by averaging, measurements obtained by filtering, and said information is associated with spectral measurements.

16. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is used to measure interference as a time measurement in at least one time resource, such as a time slot or OFDM symbol of a wireless communication system, wherein the device is used to provide a report or to derive interference information to include information indicating that the interference information forms the basis for adjusting the operation: - Information indicating polarization, direction of arrival, identified beam pattern, position, orientation, timestamp, measurements obtained by averaging, measurements obtained by filtering, and said information is associated with spectral measurements.

17. The device according to claim 16 or 17, wherein, The device or the device receiving the report is adapted to identify the source of interference based on the interference information, for example, to identify a satellite.

18. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is one of the following: -Base station; - Relay node; - Repeater; -Vehicle-mounted relay node (VMR); - Side link relay node; -Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS); - High-altitude platform (HAP); - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); and -satellite.

19. A wireless communication scenario, comprising: The first service provider entity is adapted to use the first resource set and provide wireless communication services for the first terminal device set; At least a second service-providing entity is adapted to use a second set of resources to provide wireless communication services to a second set of terminal devices; A coordination device adapted to obtain at least one measurement report indicating: a first interference perceived by a terminal in the first service providing entity or the first set of terminals based on the operation of a terminal in the second service providing entity or the second set of terminals; and / or a second interference perceived by a terminal in the second service providing entity or the second set of terminals based on the operation of a terminal in the first service providing entity or the first set of terminals; The coordination device is used to provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

20. The wireless communication scenario according to claim 19, wherein, The first set of terminal devices includes at least one subset of one or more terminals; and / or the second set of terminal devices includes at least one subset of one or more terminals that share common mobility behaviors, such as traveling in or on the same vehicle.

21. The wireless communication scenario according to claim 19 or 20, wherein, The coordinating entity is used to provide the resource allocation information to obtain overall optimization for at least one communication parameter (PER, BER, latency, retransmission count, ...) for the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity and for the first terminal set and / or the second terminal set.

22. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein, The first service providing entity is configured for operation of a terrestrial network; and the second service providing entity is configured for operation of a non-terrestrial network or a rail network.

23. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 22, in, The first service provider entity is configured for a first type of operation in one of the following ways: -TN; -Maritime Network MN; -Aerospace Network AN; Furthermore, the second service-providing entity is configured for one of the following different types of operations: -TN; -Maritime Network MN; -Aerospace Network AN.

24. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 23, comprising: At least a third service provider entity, suitable for using a third set of resources and providing wireless communication services for a third set of terminal devices; The third service provider is configured to operate on networks of the same or different types as the first and second service providers.

25. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein, The first service provider or the second service provider is adapted to operate a static network or a mobile network, such as AN, MN, NTN or TN.

26. The wireless communication scenario according to claim 25, wherein, The coordinating node is adapted to coordinate the first service provider and / or the second service provider, taking into account the speed of the mobile network or the predicted location of the mobile network relative to the coverage of a network operated by another service provider.

27. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein, The first service providing entity is configured for operation on a public network such as a terrestrial network; and the second service providing entity is configured for operation on a private network such as a wireless campus network.

28. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 27, in, The resource allocation information indicates the resources that at least one of the first service provider and the first set of terminals will use and that will be avoided by at least one of the second service provider and the second set of terminals; and / or The resource allocation information indicates the resources that at least one of the second service provider entity and the second set of terminals will use and avoid by at least one of the first service provider entity and the first set of terminals.

29. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 28, wherein, The wireless communication scenario is adapted to instruct multiple terminals or devices communicating with the first terminal set, and / or multiple terminals or devices communicating with the second terminal set, to perform a collaborative measurement scenario, thereby obtaining multiple measurement reports and / or adjusting the operation of the terminals / devices based on the measurement results.

30. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 29, wherein, At least one of the first service providing entity, the second service providing entity, the terminals in the first terminal set, and the terminals in the second terminal set is a device according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

31. The wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 30, wherein, The first interference is one of inter-cell interference (ICI) and cross-link interference (CLI); and The second interference is either ICI or CLI.

32. A coordination device for operating in a wireless communication scenario, said wireless communication scenario being, for example, the wireless communication scenario according to any one of claims 19 to 31, wherein, The coordinating entity is used for: Obtain at least one measurement report, the at least one measurement report indicating: a first interference perceived by a terminal in a first set of terminals in a first service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a second resource set by a terminal in a second set of terminals in a second service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario; and / or a second interference perceived by a terminal in a second set of terminals in a second set of terminals in a second service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a first resource set by a terminal in a first set of terminals in a first set of terminals; and The coordination device is used to provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

33. A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: The device is used to receive communication using receiving resources; The device is used to measure interference in resources that are different from the received resource. And / or measurements of interference in resources assigned to other devices for reception; and Provide measurement reports based on the measurement results and / or adjust the operation of the device based on the measurement results.

34. A method for operating a wireless communication scenario, the method comprising: Operate a first service-providing entity to use a first set of resources and provide wireless communication services for a first set of terminal devices; Operate at least a second service-providing entity to provide wireless communication services to a second set of terminal devices using a second set of resources; Operate the coordination device to obtain at least one measurement report, the at least one measurement report indicating: a first interference perceived by the first service providing entity or a terminal in the first terminal set based on the operation of the second service providing entity or a terminal in the second terminal set; and / or a second interference perceived by the second service providing entity or a terminal in the second terminal set based on the operation of the first service providing entity or a terminal in the first terminal set; Provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity, to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

35. A method for operating a coordination device in a wireless communication scenario, the method comprising: Obtain at least one measurement report, the at least one measurement report indicating: a first interference perceived by a terminal in a first set of terminals in a first service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a second set of resources by a terminal in a second set of terminals in a second service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario; and / or a second interference perceived by a terminal in a second set of terminals in a second set of terminals in a second service providing entity or the wireless communication scenario based on the operation of a first set of resources by a terminal in a first set of terminals in a first set of terminals; and Provide resource allocation information, which indicates resource allocation for at least one of the first service provider entity and the second service provider entity, to mitigate the first interference and / or the second interference.

36. A computer-readable digital storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program having program code that, when run on a computer, is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 33 to 35.

Images