A power-on activation detection protection circuit and a chargeable device

Abstract

The application provides a power-on activation detection protection circuit and a chargeable device. The power-on activation detection protection circuit comprises: an input detection module, which outputs a working power-on signal when detecting an external input voltage and outputs a working maintenance signal when receiving an internal control enable signal; an input control module, which outputs the external input voltage when receiving the working power-on signal and receiving the working maintenance signal, and otherwise is turned off; and a micro-control module, which performs a charging authorization detection when detecting the external input voltage, and outputs the internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the result is true. When the external input voltage is connected, the power supply is temporarily turned on to wake up the micro-control module, and when the verification result is compliant, the working maintenance signal is continuously output to lock the input control module in the on state, so that the power supply is automatically turned off when an unauthorized charging source is connected, the working circuit and the micro-control module in the latter stage enter a zero-power-consumption state, energy consumption is reduced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supply detection technology, and more particularly to a power-on activation detection and protection circuit and a rechargeable device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the lithium battery energy storage and portable electric device industry, rechargeable devices with rechargeable batteries have been widely used in various consumer and industrial terminals. These products are generally equipped with external charging interfaces and are equipped with charging access detection and main control power-on activation control circuits. In order to detect whether the connected voltage charger is authorized, existing rechargeable devices usually have a charging activation control scheme to identify whether the voltage specification of the connected charger matches the device's rated charging standard, and power on and charge after confirming that it is an authorized charger.

[0003] To simplify the circuit, existing conventional charging activation control schemes wake up the main controller after an external charger is connected, enabling it to enter working mode and complete logic processing such as charging voltage identification and charging circuit management. This relies on the microcontroller module and the external charger to jointly maintain the power supply path by continuously locking or shutting it off. However, when existing equipment is connected to an unauthorized charger with abnormal voltage specifications, or when there are malfunctions such as short circuits or jamming of the device's buttons or structural switches, even if the microcontroller module output is turned off, the external charging signal continues to exist. This causes a continuous conduction signal to the charging circuit management circuit, maintaining the power supply circuit's operation. This keeps the microcontroller module and subsequent circuits powered on continuously, resulting in abnormal conduction of the entire power supply circuit, continuously consuming the lithium battery's stored power until the battery is depleted. This increases battery energy consumption during use and severely reduces battery life.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a power-on activation detection and protection circuit and a rechargeable device to solve the problem that when the existing rechargeable device is connected to an unauthorized charger with abnormal voltage specifications or when the device buttons or structural switches experience short circuits, jamming, or other failures, the subsequent working circuits and microcontroller modules in the charging activation control scheme continuously consume power, resulting in increased battery energy consumption and reduced battery life.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a power-on activation detection and protection circuit, which is connected to a subsequent working circuit for receiving an external input voltage and controlling the output of the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit or shutting it off, comprising: An input detection module is provided, wherein a first input terminal of the input detection module is connected to an external input voltage, and a second input terminal of the input detection module is connected to an internal control enable signal, which is used to output a power-on signal when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a work maintenance signal when the internal control enable signal is received; An input control module is provided, with its control terminal connected to the input detection module. The first connection terminal of the input control module is connected to an external input voltage, and its second connection terminal is connected to the subsequent operating circuit. The input control module outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent operating circuit upon receiving a power-on signal and a power-on hold signal; otherwise, it shuts off. A microcontroller module is provided, wherein the detection terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the subsequent working circuit, and the signal output terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the input detection module. The microcontroller module is used to perform charging authorization detection when the external input voltage is detected, and output an internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the authorization detection result is true.

[0007] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the input detection module includes a transient level unit and a switch control unit; wherein, The input terminal of the transient level unit is connected to an external input voltage, and the output terminal of the transient level unit is connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit. The transient level unit is used to output a transient level signal to the switch control unit when receiving the external input voltage. The second input terminal of the switch control unit is connected to the microcontroller module and is used to receive the internal control enable signal output by the microcontroller module; the output terminal of the switch control unit is connected to the input control module and is used to output a power-on signal to the input control module when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a work maintenance signal to the input control module when the internal control enable signal is received.

[0008] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the transient level unit includes a first resistor and a first capacitor, one end of the first resistor and one end of the first capacitor are connected to an external input voltage, and the other end of the first resistor and the other end of the first capacitor are connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit.

[0009] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the input detection module further includes a first unidirectional clamping unit, one end of which is connected to an internal control enable signal, and the other end of which is connected to a second connection terminal of the switch control unit; the first unidirectional clamping unit is one of a diode, a unidirectional thyristor, and a unidirectional trigger transistor.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the switch control unit includes a first switching transistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first electrostatic discharge protection transistor; wherein, One end of the second resistor is connected to the transient level unit and the microcontroller module, respectively. The other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor, the cathode of the first electrostatic discharge tube, and the gate of the first switching transistor, respectively. The other end of the third resistor, the anode of the first electrostatic discharge tube, and the source of the first switching transistor are grounded. The drain of the first switching transistor is connected to the input control module.

[0011] A further embodiment of the present invention includes a switch activation module, wherein a first output terminal of the switch activation module is connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module, and is used to output a power-on signal to the control terminal of the input control module when a switch action is received; a second output terminal of the switch activation module is connected to the microcontroller module, and is used to output a key input signal to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module when a switch action is received. When the microcontroller receives the button input signal, it performs a charging authorization detection and outputs an internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the authorization detection result is true.

[0012] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the switch activation module includes: a control switch, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a second capacitor, a second diode, and a second electrostatic discharge protection tube; wherein, One end of the control switch is connected to one end of the sixth resistor, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second electrostatic protection tube, one end of the second capacitor, one end of the seventh resistor, and the cathode of the second diode, respectively. The anode of the second electrostatic protection tube is connected to the other end of the control switch and grounded. The other end of the second capacitor and the other end of the seventh resistor are connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module; The anode of the second diode is connected to one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor, respectively. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the working voltage, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the switch activation module includes: a control switch, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a third capacitor, a third diode, and a third electrostatic discharge protection tube; wherein, One end of the control switch is connected to one end of the tenth resistor, and the other end of the tenth resistor is connected to the cathode of the third electrostatic protection tube, one end of the third capacitor, one end of the eleventh resistor, and the cathode of the third diode, respectively. The anode of the third electrostatic protection tube is connected to the other end of the control switch and grounded. The other end of the third capacitor is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor, and is also connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module; the other end of the eleventh resistor and the other end of the twelfth resistor are grounded. The anode of the third diode is connected to one end of the thirteenth resistor and one end of the fourteenth resistor, respectively. The other end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the working voltage, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module.

[0014] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the input control module includes: a second switching transistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor, wherein one end of the fourth resistor and the source of the second switching transistor are connected to an external input voltage, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the gate of the second switching transistor and one end of the fifth resistor, the drain of the second switching transistor is connected to the subsequent working circuit, and the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the input detection module.

[0015] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a rechargeable device, which includes the power-on activation detection and protection circuit and the subsequent working circuit described above; the power-on activation detection and protection circuit is used to perform charging authorization detection on the charger when the rechargeable device is plugged into the charger, and outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit when the authorization detection result is true.

[0016] This invention provides a power-on activation detection and protection circuit and a rechargeable device. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit is connected to a subsequent working circuit and is used to receive an external input voltage and control the output of the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit or to turn it off. It includes: an input detection module, wherein a first input terminal of the input detection module is connected to the external input voltage, and a second input terminal of the input detection module is connected to an internal control enable signal, used to output a working power-on signal when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a working maintenance signal when the internal control enable signal is received; and an input control module, wherein the control terminal of the input control module is connected to the input detection module. The input control module is connected to an external input voltage at its first connection terminal and to the subsequent working circuit at its second connection terminal. It outputs the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit upon receiving a power-on signal and a work-maintaining signal; otherwise, the input control module is turned off. The microcontroller module has its detection terminal connected to the subsequent working circuit and its signal output terminal connected to the input detection module. It performs charging authorization detection upon detecting the external input voltage and outputs an internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the authorization detection result is true. This invention only temporarily turns on the input control module to power on and wake up the microcontroller module when an external input voltage is connected. The microcontroller module performs the external input voltage authorization verification and continuously outputs a work-maintaining signal to lock the input control module's on state only when the verification result is compliant. This automatically turns off the power supply when an unauthorized charging source is connected, allowing the subsequent working circuit and microcontroller module to enter a zero-power state, reducing energy consumption and extending battery life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power-on activation detection and protection circuit in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power-on activation detection and protection circuit in a further embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the power-on activation detection and protection circuit in this invention.

[0021] Figure 4This is the circuit schematic diagram of the microcontroller module in this invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the switch activation module in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the switch activation module in another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The markings in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Subsequent stage working circuit; 2. Connected voltage regulator module; 100. Input detection module; 110. Transient level unit; 120. Switch control unit; 130. First unidirectional clamping unit; 200. Input control module; 300. Microcontroller module; 400. Switch activation module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This invention provides a rechargeable device. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] In the implementation methods and claims, unless otherwise specified in the text, the terms "a," "an," "the," and "the" may also include plural forms. If the embodiments of the present invention involve descriptions of "first," "second," etc., such descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0027] It should be further understood that the term "comprising" as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0028] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0029] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0030] The inventors discovered that current market-available multi-cell lithium battery rechargeable products can detect unauthorized charging sources. Specifically, this involves using events such as charging connection or button input as trigger conditions to precisely activate the device from a deep low-power mode. Specifically, it identifies charger authorization information and / or charging parameters, and detects an anomaly by detecting the insertion of an abnormal voltage charger, thus preventing the rechargeable device from charging. However, in cases of charging prohibition, product structural abnormalities, or short circuits due to switch failure, the main control unit may remain operational after abnormal activation, draining the battery and causing the rechargeable device to prematurely enter a protective shutdown state.

[0031] To solve the technical problems existing in the current technology, such as Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a power-on activation detection and protection circuit, which is connected to a subsequent working circuit 1. It is used to receive an external input voltage and control the output of the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1 or to turn it off. The circuit includes: an input detection module 100, whose first input terminal receives the external input voltage and whose second input terminal receives an internal control enable signal, used to output a power-on signal when the external input voltage is detected and to output a working sustain signal when the internal control enable signal is received; and an input control module 200, whose control terminal is connected to the input detection module 100. The first connection terminal of the input control module 200 is connected to an external input voltage, and the second connection terminal of the input control module 200 is connected to the subsequent working circuit 1. It is used to output the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1 when a power-on signal and a work maintenance signal are received; otherwise, the input control module 200 is turned off. The microcontroller module 300 has its detection terminal connected to the subsequent working circuit 1 and its signal output terminal connected to the input detection module 100. It is used to perform charging authorization detection when the external input voltage is detected, and output an internal control enable signal to the input detection module 100 when the authorization detection result is true.

[0032] Specifically, the input detection module 100 can directly or indirectly access an external input voltage. Whether or not a voltage charger is connected is determined by whether or not the external input voltage is connected. Alternatively, the input detection module 100 can determine whether the voltage charger is connected by detecting whether it is physically connected. When connected, the voltage charger is used to access the external input voltage from the external circuit and outputs the external input voltage to the power-on activation detection and protection circuit of the rechargeable device described in this solution. Optionally, the power-on activation detection and protection circuit of this invention is located in the power charging circuit after the charging port of the rechargeable device. It is configured to trigger the rechargeable device to determine whether the voltage charger is authorized, and to ensure that the subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300 are in low-power or zero-power mode in case of unauthorized chargers or circuit failures. Specifically, after the voltage charger is inserted, when the input detection module 100 detects the external input voltage, it outputs a power-on signal. The charging control input control module 200 is turned on by the power-on signal and outputs the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1. The microcontroller module 300 performs charging authorization detection. The power-on signal is a momentary low level, used only to trigger the microcontroller module 300 to work within a predetermined time and perform charging authorization detection for the voltage charger.

[0033] In this invention, the charging authorization detection performed by the microcontroller module 300 can be implemented using any existing authorization detection scheme for voltage chargers. For example, it can perform ID detection, charger type detection, or communication handshake to achieve authorization detection for the voltage charger, or it can only perform voltage detection or current detection. When the voltage charger meets the predetermined detection conditions, and the authorization detection result is true, the voltage charger is normal. The microcontroller module 300 outputs a working sustain signal to maintain the working state of the input control module 200. The working sustain signal is a continuously constant level signal; optionally, it is a low-level signal. The input control module 200 then maintains power supply to the subsequent working circuit 1 according to the working sustain signal. When the voltage charger does not meet the predetermined detection conditions, the detection result is false. At this time, the microcontroller module 300 does not output an internal control enable signal. After the instantaneous low level of the power-on signal disappears, the input control module 200 returns to the off state and no longer outputs external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300. The subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300 enter a zero-power state, thereby achieving charger authorization detection while meeting the product's low-power function requirements. In some preferred embodiments, the power-on activation detection protection circuit may further include an access voltage regulator module 2. One end of the access voltage regulator module 2 is connected to the external input voltage, and the other end of the access voltage regulator module 2 is connected to the input control module 200 and the input detection module 100. This is used to perform in-situ reverse connection detection when the voltage charger is connected, and simultaneously to regulate and limit the input voltage of the external input voltage. It can be implemented using any existing power supply reverse connection protection circuit and voltage regulation and current limiting circuit, which will not be described in detail here.

[0034] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 3 It should be noted that the subsequent working circuit 1 may include a voltage regulator / boost circuit, or a load working circuit, etc. Correspondingly, the microcontroller module 300 can be connected to an external input voltage output to the subsequent working circuit 1, or it can be connected to the working voltage VDD obtained after processing by the voltage regulator / boost circuit of the subsequent working circuit 1. The working voltage VDD can also be used to drive other load circuits in the rechargeable device. Its specific configuration can be adjusted according to the device type and the functions to be implemented, and will not be elaborated further here. Figure 4 As shown, the microcontroller module 300 includes at least a microcontroller chip. The microcontroller chip can be an APT32F1029 chip or any other existing intelligent control chip. The power supply terminal of the chip is connected to the subsequent working circuit 1 to receive the working voltage VDD and to power on when there is an external input voltage input in the subsequent working circuit 1.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the input detection module 100 includes a transient level unit 110 and a switch control unit 120; wherein, the input terminal of the transient level unit 110 is connected to an external input voltage, and the output terminal of the transient level unit 110 is connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit 120, and the transient level unit 110 is used to output a transient level signal to the switch control unit 120 when receiving the external input voltage; the second input terminal of the switch control unit 120 is connected to the microcontroller module 300, and is used to receive the internal control enable signal output by the microcontroller module 300; the output terminal of the switch control unit 120 is connected to the input control module 200, and is used to output a power-on signal to the input control module 200 when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a work maintenance signal to the input control module 200 when the internal control enable signal is received.

[0036] When an external input voltage (i.e., a continuous high-level signal generated by the voltage charger) is applied to the input terminal of the transient level unit 110, the transient level unit 110 responds to the rising edge of the continuous signal, generating a transient level signal at the output terminal that lasts only a very short time. This transient level signal is then transmitted to the first input terminal of the switch control unit 120 to prevent the circuit from failing to reset under abnormal conditions due to a continuous high level at the first input terminal of the switch control unit 120, and to prevent the switch control unit 120 from continuously conducting and causing additional losses. Upon receiving the transient level signal, the switch control unit 120 immediately responds, driving the input control module 200 connected to its output terminal to briefly conduct. After the input control module 200 conducts, it supplies external power to the subsequent working circuit 1, which then powers on and starts up, further providing the operating voltage VDD to the microcontroller module 300, enabling the microcontroller module 300 to complete its power-on initialization.

[0037] After the microcontroller module 300 is powered on and performs charging authorization detection, it outputs an internal control enable signal when the authorization detection result is true, that is, when the voltage charger is an authorized charger. This internal control enable signal is a continuously active level, which can be a continuously active high level. This internal control enable signal replaces the naturally disappearing instantaneous level signal and continuously acts on the switch control unit 120 to keep it in the conducting state, thereby maintaining the continuous conduction of the input control module 200 and providing uninterrupted and stable power supply to the subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300.

[0038] When the microcontroller module 300 completes its work and actively cancels the internal control enable signal, or fails to issue the signal due to an abnormal external input voltage, it will no longer output the internal control enable signal. The second input terminal of the switch control unit 120 is at a low level, and simultaneously, as the transient high level of the instantaneous level signal on the first terminal disappears, it also returns to a low level. When the switch control unit 120 is turned off, the input control module 200 disconnects the transmission path from the external power supply to the subsequent working circuit 1. The subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300 are completely de-energized, and the system automatically returns to a zero-power deep sleep state, thereby achieving dual safety protection for the subsequent circuit and the battery.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the transient level unit 110 includes a first resistor R1 and a first capacitor C1. One end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the first capacitor C1 are connected to an external input voltage, and the other end of the first resistor R1 and the other end of the first capacitor C1 are connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit 120.

[0040] When the charger is plugged in, the external input voltage is controlled by the pulse charging control switch SW1 via the first capacitor C1. This control unit 120 then powers the input control module 200, which in turn powers the subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300. The system then checks if the external input voltage is normal. If normal, the microcontroller module 300 outputs an internal control enable signal at its BAT-EN pin. This internal control enable signal is high, maintaining normal power supply to the switch control unit 120. If an abnormal charging voltage is detected, the microcontroller module 300 stops outputting the internal control enable signal, and the second input terminal of the input detection module 100 becomes low. At this time, although the external input voltage continues to be input, the first capacitor C1 gradually becomes low after being fully charged, and the instantaneous high level of the instantaneous voltage signal gradually disappears over time. At this time, the first input terminal of the switch control unit 120 is at a low level, and the microcontroller module 300 outputs a low level on the second input terminal of the switch control unit 120. The switch control unit 120 cannot maintain normal operation and is turned off. As a result, the switch control unit 120 no longer provides a power-on signal, the input control module 200 is turned off and no longer provides external input voltage. The microcontroller module 300 is de-energized and enters a zero-power state.

[0041] Further, the switch control unit 120 includes a first switch Q1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a first electrostatic discharge (ESD) diode ESD1; wherein, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the transient level unit 110 and the microcontroller module 300 respectively, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3, the cathode of the first ESD diode ESD1, and the gate of the first switch Q1 respectively, the other end of the third resistor R3, the anode of the first ESD diode ESD1, and the source of the first switch Q1 are grounded, and the drain of the first switch Q1 is connected to the input control module 200.

[0042] Optionally, the first switch Q1 can be a MOS transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), especially an NMOS transistor. It can also be implemented using other controllable switches, such as thyristors, transistors, or IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), which will not be elaborated further here. When the rising edge of the external input voltage reaches the transient level unit 110, the transient level unit 110 outputs a transient level signal. This transient level signal is transmitted to the gate of the first switch Q1 via the second resistor R2, causing the gate voltage of the first switch Q1 to rise instantaneously, thereby driving the first switch Q1 to conduct.

[0043] The second resistor R2 is used to limit the transmission current between the transient level unit 110 output and the gate of the first switching transistor Q1 and to divide the voltage, ensuring the stability of signal transmission. The first electrostatic discharge (ESD) diode ESD1 provides ESD protection throughout this process, ensuring that the gate of the first switching transistor Q1 is not subjected to ESD shocks during the switching transient. The third resistor R3 acts as a gate-to-ground discharge resistor for charge release. Specifically, when the microcontroller module 300 stops outputting the internal control enable signal and the transient level unit 110 stops outputting the instantaneous level signal, the third resistor R3 quickly discharges the charge at the gate of the first switching transistor Q1 to ground, restoring the gate of the first switching transistor Q1 to a low level, and turning off the first switching transistor Q1. This disconnects the input control module 200 from ground, turning off the input control module 200. The transmission path of the external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1 is cut off, the subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300 are completely de-energized, and the system automatically returns to a zero-power deep sleep state.

[0044] In some embodiments, the input detection module 100 further includes a first unidirectional clamping unit 130. One end of the first unidirectional clamping unit 130 is connected to an internal control enable signal, and the other end of the first unidirectional clamping unit 130 is connected to a second connection terminal of the switch control unit 120. The first unidirectional clamping unit 130 is one of a diode, a unidirectional thyristor, and a unidirectional trigger transistor. For example, taking a diode as an example... Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the microcontroller module 300, and the cathode is connected to the common terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the second resistor R2. Specifically, by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the first unidirectional clamping unit 130, when the microcontroller module 300 sends a high-level internal control enable signal, the internal control enable signal is transmitted in the forward direction to the switch control unit 120, driving its operation. Simultaneously, the first unidirectional clamping unit 130, in its reverse cutoff direction, blocks any abnormal spikes or surge voltages that may be generated on the switch control unit 120 from flowing back to the output terminal of the microcontroller module 300. Furthermore, by utilizing its inherent clamping characteristics, it clamps the drive level transmitted to the second connection terminal of the switch control unit 120 within a safe threshold, preventing overvoltage damage.

[0045] For example, the input control module 200 includes: a second switch Q2, a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5, wherein one end of the fourth resistor R4 and the source of the second switch Q2 are connected to an external input voltage, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the second switch Q2 and one end of the fifth resistor R5, the drain of the second switch Q2 is connected to the subsequent working circuit 1, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the input detection module 100.

[0046] In this embodiment, the second switch Q2 serves as the main power switch, optionally a MOSFET, especially a PMOS transistor. When the gate potential of the second switch Q2 is lower than the source potential and the gate-source voltage difference exceeds its turn-on threshold, the source and drain of the second switch Q2 are turned on. The fourth resistor R4 serves as a pull-up resistor, used to pull the gate potential of the second switch Q2 up to the source potential when the input detection module 100 has no power-on signal or operation sustaining signal output, so that the second switch Q2 is reliably turned off, blocking the transmission of external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1. The fifth resistor R5 is used to transmit the power-on signal and operation sustaining signal output by the input detection module 100 to the gate of the second switch Q2, and plays a current-limiting protection role between the output terminal of the input detection module 100 and the gate of the second switch Q2. The power-on signal and the operation sustain signal are active low. Their working principle is as follows: When the input detection module 100 is working, it pulls down the control terminal of the input control module 200, making this position low. This is considered as outputting the power-on signal and the operation sustain signal. This low level is transmitted to the gate of the second switch Q2 through the fifth resistor R5, overcoming the pull-up effect of the fourth resistor R4, pulling the gate potential low, and turning on the second switch Q2. The external input voltage is output to the subsequent working circuit 1 through the source and drain of the second switch Q2. Correspondingly, when the input detection module 100 outputs a high level or is in a high-impedance state, the fourth resistor R4 pulls the gate of the second switch Q2 high to the source potential, turning off the second switch Q2 and cutting off the power supply path.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a switch activation module 400, the first output terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the input control module 200 and the common terminal of the input detection module 100, as shown. Figure 3 As shown in the key-EN position, it is used to output a power-on signal to the control terminal of the input control module 200 when a switch action is received; the second output terminal of the switch activation module 400 is connected to the microcontroller module 300 and is used to output a key input signal to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module 300 when a switch action is received; the microcontroller module 300 performs charging authorization detection when it receives the key input signal, and outputs an internal control enable signal to the input detection module 100 when the authorization detection result is true.

[0048] In this preferred embodiment, the voltage authorization detection can be triggered at the moment of power-on when the charger is plugged in, or it can be manually triggered after power-on via the switch activation module 400 on the device, achieving multiple protection controls. Specifically, the switch activation module 400 is equipped with at least a switch of any structure, such as a push-button switch, a toggle switch, or a micro switch. When the switch is pressed, it is considered that the user has performed a switching action. At the moment of its on and off states, a pulse-shaped power-on signal is generated inside the switch activation module 400. This power-on signal controls the input control module 200 to turn on, and the input control module 200 outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1, where the microcontroller module 300 performs charging authorization detection. Similarly, the power-on signal is a momentary low level, used only to trigger the microcontroller module 300 to work within a predetermined time and perform charging authorization detection for the voltage charger. Simultaneously, the microcontroller module 300 can be manually triggered by the button input signal output after the control switch SW1 is driven. When the authorization test result is true, the voltage charger is normal. The microcontroller module 300 outputs a working sustain signal to maintain the working state of the input control module 200 and provides normal power to the subsequent working circuit 1. If the button is pressed abnormally or is damaged, that is, the switch activation module 400 cannot detect the external button action or cannot reset, the microcontroller module 300 stops outputting the working sustain signal and maintains a low level. The input control module 200 stops working and cuts off the input of the external input voltage. The subsequent working circuit 1 and the microcontroller module 300 enter a zero-power state. Thus, while realizing the charger authorization test, it can also meet the product's low-power function requirements, reduce costs, and further improve the product's practicality.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the switch activation module 400 includes: a control switch SW1, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a second capacitor C2, a second diode D2, and a second electrostatic discharge (ESD) diode ESD2; wherein, one end of the control switch SW1 is connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6, the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the cathode of the second ESD diode ESD2, one end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the seventh resistor R7, and the cathode of the second diode D2, respectively, and the anode of the second ESD diode ESD2 is connected to the other end of the control switch SW1 and grounded; the other end of the second capacitor C2 and the other end of the seventh resistor R7 are connected to the control terminal of the input control module 200 and the common terminal of the input detection module 100; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8 and one end of the ninth resistor R9, respectively, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the operating voltage VDD, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module 300.

[0050] Specifically, when the control switch SW1 in the switch activation module 400 is pressed, the end of the sixth resistor R6 furthest from the input control module 200 is grounded. The sixth resistor R6 and the eighth resistor R8 form a voltage divider circuit. Due to the characteristic that the voltage across a capacitor cannot change abruptly, the other end of the second capacitor C2 generates a negative narrow pulse signal. This negative pulse acts directly on the control terminal of the input control module 200 as a power-on signal, briefly turning on the input control module 200 and waking up the system. After the microcontroller module 300 confirms that the voltage charger is normal, it outputs a high-level instantaneous signal to maintain the first switch Q1 on, ensuring that the gate position of the second switch Q2 is continuously pulled low to maintain normal power supply. A high-low level change signal is formed at the other end of the ninth resistor R9, which can be recognized by the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module 300, enabling the microcontroller module 300 to detect the button action. The second electrostatic discharge protection tube ESD2 is connected to both ends of the control switch SW1, providing electrostatic discharge protection for the input terminal of the control switch SW1. If the button is pressed abnormally or is damaged, the control switch SW1 cannot detect the button input signal, the second capacitor C2 remains at a low level, the microcontroller module 300 does not perform charging authorization detection, and therefore does not output the internal control enable signal, remaining at a low level. After the high level of the power-on signal output by the input detection module 100 disappears, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 cannot be maintained to conduct and operate normally. As a result, the microcontroller module 300 and the subsequent working circuit 1 are no longer connected to the power supply, allowing the microcontroller module 300 and the subsequent working circuit 1 to enter a zero-power state. This achieves both charger authorization detection and meets the product's low-power function requirements, reduces costs, further improves product usability, and meets UL safety certification.

[0051] In another preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the switch activation module 400 includes: a control switch SW1, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a third capacitor C3, a third diode D3, and a third electrostatic discharge (ESD) diode D3; wherein, one end of the control switch SW1 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10, the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the cathode of the third ESD diode D3, one end of the third capacitor C3, one end of the eleventh resistor R11, and the cathode of the third diode D3, respectively, and the anode of the third ESD diode D3 is connected to the control switch SW1. The other end of the control switch SW1 is connected to and grounded; the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor R12, and is connected to the control terminal of the input control module 200 and the common terminal of the input detection module 100; the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 and the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 are grounded; the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 and one end of the fourteenth resistor R14, respectively; the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the working voltage VDD; and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module 300.

[0052] When the control switch SW1 is pressed, one end of the third capacitor C3 is pulled down to ground through the tenth resistor R10. Due to the characteristic that the voltage across the capacitor cannot change abruptly, the other end of the third capacitor C3 generates a narrow pulse signal as a power-on signal. This pulse is divided by the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 and applied to the control terminal of the input control module 200, briefly turning on the input control module 200 and waking up the microcontroller module 300. After the button is released, the third capacitor C3 discharges to ground through the eleventh resistor R11, returning to its initial state. The twelfth resistor R12 reliably pulls the potential of the control terminal of the input control module 200 to ground after the button is released, preventing false triggering. The third electrostatic discharge protection diode ESD3 provides electrostatic discharge protection for the input terminal of the control switch SW1. It also meets the requirements for power-on signal output and complies with UL safety certification.

[0053] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention provides a rechargeable device, which includes the power-on activation detection and protection circuit and the subsequent working circuit 1 described above. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit is used to perform charging authorization detection on the charger when the rechargeable device is plugged in, and outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit 1 when the authorization detection result is true. The specific implementation is as described in the above embodiment of the power-on activation detection and protection circuit, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] This invention provides a power-on activation detection and protection circuit and a rechargeable device, the advantages of which are: It achieves coordinated control of "hardware triggering and software takeover", providing dual protection, with a simple circuit and high practicality.

[0055] Simultaneously, when an external input voltage is applied, the input control module is only temporarily activated to power and wake up the microcontroller module. The microcontroller module performs external input voltage authorization verification, and only when the verification result is compliant does it continuously output a working maintenance signal to lock the input control module in the on state. This automatically shuts off the power supply when an unauthorized charging source is connected, allowing the subsequent working circuits and microcontroller module to enter a zero-power state. This meets the product's low-power requirements, extends battery life, and better protects the battery from over-discharge to low voltage or 0V damage. It meets UL safety certification, significantly improving practicality and reducing costs.

[0056] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power-on activation detection and protection circuit, characterized in that, Connected to the subsequent operating circuit, it is used to receive an external input voltage and control the output of the external input voltage to the subsequent operating circuit or to turn it off, including: An input detection module is provided, wherein a first input terminal of the input detection module is connected to an external input voltage, and a second input terminal of the input detection module is connected to an internal control enable signal, which is used to output a power-on signal when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a work maintenance signal when the internal control enable signal is received; An input control module is provided, with its control terminal connected to the input detection module. The first connection terminal of the input control module is connected to an external input voltage, and its second connection terminal is connected to the subsequent operating circuit. The input control module outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent operating circuit upon receiving a power-on signal and a power-on hold signal; otherwise, it shuts off. A microcontroller module is provided, wherein the detection terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the subsequent working circuit, and the signal output terminal of the microcontroller module is connected to the input detection module. The microcontroller module is used to perform charging authorization detection when the external input voltage is detected, and output an internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the authorization detection result is true.

2. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input detection module includes a transient level unit and a switch control unit; wherein... The input terminal of the transient level unit is connected to an external input voltage, and the output terminal of the transient level unit is connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit. The transient level unit is used to output a transient level signal to the switch control unit when receiving the external input voltage. The second input terminal of the switch control unit is connected to the microcontroller module and is used to receive the internal control enable signal output by the microcontroller module; the output terminal of the switch control unit is connected to the input control module and is used to output a power-on signal to the input control module when the external input voltage is detected, and to output a work maintenance signal to the input control module when the internal control enable signal is received.

3. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transient level unit includes a first resistor and a first capacitor. One end of the first resistor and one end of the first capacitor are connected to an external input voltage, and the other end of the first resistor and the other end of the first capacitor are connected to the first input terminal of the switch control unit.

4. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input detection module further includes a first unidirectional clamping unit. One end of the first unidirectional clamping unit is connected to an internal control enable signal, and the other end of the first unidirectional clamping unit is connected to the second connection terminal of the switch control unit. The first unidirectional clamping unit adopts one of a diode, a unidirectional thyristor, and a unidirectional trigger transistor.

5. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch control unit includes a first switching transistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first electrostatic discharge protection transistor; wherein, One end of the second resistor is connected to the transient level unit and the microcontroller module, respectively. The other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor, the cathode of the first electrostatic discharge tube, and the gate of the first switching transistor, respectively. The other end of the third resistor, the anode of the first electrostatic discharge tube, and the source of the first switching transistor are grounded. The drain of the first switching transistor is connected to the input control module.

6. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a switch activation module, the first output terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module, and is used to output a working power-on signal to the control terminal of the input control module when a switch action is received; the second output terminal of the switch activation module is connected to the microcontroller module, and is used to output a key input signal to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module when a switch action is received; When the microcontroller receives the button input signal, it performs a charging authorization detection and outputs an internal control enable signal to the input detection module when the authorization detection result is true.

7. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The switch activation module includes: a control switch, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a second capacitor, a second diode, and a second electrostatic discharge protection tube; wherein, One end of the control switch is connected to one end of the sixth resistor, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second electrostatic protection tube, one end of the second capacitor, one end of the seventh resistor, and the cathode of the second diode, respectively. The anode of the second electrostatic protection tube is connected to the other end of the control switch and grounded. The other end of the second capacitor and the other end of the seventh resistor are connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module; The anode of the second diode is connected to one end of the eighth resistor and one end of the ninth resistor, respectively. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the working voltage, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module.

8. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The switch activation module includes: a control switch, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a third capacitor, a third diode, and a third electrostatic discharge protection tube; wherein, One end of the control switch is connected to one end of the tenth resistor, and the other end of the tenth resistor is connected to the cathode of the third electrostatic protection tube, one end of the third capacitor, one end of the eleventh resistor, and the cathode of the third diode, respectively. The anode of the third electrostatic protection tube is connected to the other end of the control switch and grounded. The other end of the third capacitor is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor, and is also connected to the control terminal of the input control module and the common terminal of the input detection module; the other end of the eleventh resistor and the other end of the twelfth resistor are grounded. The anode of the third diode is connected to one end of the thirteenth resistor and one end of the fourteenth resistor, respectively. The other end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the working voltage, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the switch detection terminal of the microcontroller module.

9. The power-on activation detection and protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input control module includes a second switch, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. One end of the fourth resistor and the source of the second switch are connected to an external input voltage. The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the gate of the second switch and one end of the fifth resistor, respectively. The drain of the second switch is connected to the subsequent working circuit. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the input detection module.

10. A rechargeable device, characterized in that, It includes a power-on activation detection and protection circuit and a subsequent working circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the power-on activation detection and protection circuit is used to perform charging authorization detection on the charger when the rechargeable device is plugged into the charger, and outputs an external input voltage to the subsequent working circuit when the authorization detection result is true.

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