A grading and seeding and fertilizing device for an agricultural machine

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology and discloses a leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery, comprising: a support frame, a leveling roller, multiple furrow openers, a sowing and fertilizing assembly, a rotating shaft, multiple furrow depth adjustment assemblies, and a drive assembly. The leveling roller is rotatably mounted on the support frame; the sowing and fertilizing assembly is mounted on the support frame; the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the support frame; each furrow opener is equipped with at least one adjustment assembly, which includes a mounting box, an eccentric wheel, and a first elastic element. The mounting box is mounted on the support frame, and the rotating shaft rotatably passes through each mounting box. The mounting box has a mounting cavity, and the furrow opener is slidably inserted through the mounting box; each eccentric wheel is driven and sleeved outside the rotating shaft, located inside the mounting cavity, and its outer circumference abuts against the corresponding furrow opener; one end of the first elastic element is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity, and the other end is connected to the furrow opener; the drive assembly is driven and connected to the rotating shaft. It can adaptively adjust the sowing operation parameters according to the type of crop being planted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a leveling, sowing and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, tillage operations are rapidly shifting from decentralized, single-stage operations to a multi-stage, combined operation model. A type of agricultural machinery, a leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device, refers to an integrated implement that combines multiple processes such as leveling the ground, furrowing, sowing, and fertilizing. It is typically mounted behind a tractor and its rotary tillage component is driven by a power take-off shaft to complete soil tillage. The core value of this device lies in combining the previously multiple visits to the field for tillage, sowing, and fertilization into a single operation, thereby improving the mechanization level and operational efficiency of crop cultivation.

[0003] However, different types of crops have different growth characteristics and planting agronomic standards. Wheat, rice, corn, vegetables, and miscellaneous grains have drastically different requirements for core operational parameters such as sowing spacing, sowing depth, sowing rate, fertilization rate, and seed-fertilizer spacing. Fixed operational parameters adapted to a single crop cannot meet the planting needs of multiple crop varieties. Existing integrated devices mostly have fixed structure designs for sowing and fertilization, with fixed operational parameters and a lack of targeted adaptive adjustment structures and mechanisms. Operators cannot flexibly adjust key operational parameters such as sowing density and sowing depth according to the type of crop to be planted, its growth habits, planting season, and field soil conditions. They can only operate with uniform fixed parameters, which is difficult to adapt to the multi-variety and precision planting production needs of modern agriculture.

[0004] In other words, existing integrated sowing and fertilization devices cannot adaptively adjust sowing parameters according to the type of crop being planted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a leveling, sowing and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery, which can adaptively adjust the sowing operation parameters according to the type of crop to be planted.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A leveling, seeding, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery includes:

[0008] support;

[0009] A leveling roller, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket;

[0010] Multiple trenchers are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller;

[0011] A sowing and fertilizing assembly is installed on the support frame, and the leveling roller, the furrow opener, and the sowing and fertilizing assembly are distributed sequentially along the forward direction of the support frame.

[0012] A rotating shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket;

[0013] Multiple trenching depth adjustment components are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller. Each trencher is equipped with at least one adjustment component. Each adjustment component includes a mounting box, an eccentric wheel, and a first elastic element. The mounting box is mounted on the bracket. The rotating shaft rotatably passes through each mounting box. The mounting box has a mounting cavity. Each trencher is slidably inserted vertically into its corresponding mounting box. At least a portion of the trencher is located within the mounting cavity. Each eccentric wheel is driven and sleeved outside the rotating shaft. The eccentric wheel is located within the mounting cavity, and its outer circumference abuts against the end of the corresponding trencher located within the mounting cavity. The first elastic element is located within the mounting cavity. One end of the first elastic element is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity, and the other end is connected to the trencher, so that the trencher normally keeps pressing against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel.

[0014] A drive assembly is mounted on the bracket and is drive-connected to the rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the sowing and fertilizing assembly includes a hopper, multiple seed outlets, and multiple fertilizer outlets. The hopper is provided with a seed storage chamber, multiple seed outlets, a fertilizer storage chamber, and multiple fertilizer outlets. Each seed outlet is located on the bottom wall of the seed storage chamber and connected to the corresponding seed outlet. Each fertilizer outlet is located on the bottom wall of the fertilizer storage chamber and connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlet. The ends of each fertilizer outlet and each seed outlet away from the hopper are respectively installed on the side wall of the corresponding mounting box.

[0016] Furthermore, the external drive of the rotating shaft is fitted with a first gear; the drive assembly includes a main shaft, a second gear, and a drive member, the main shaft is rotatably mounted on the bracket, one end of the main shaft is fitted with a second gear, the second gear meshes with the first gear; the drive member is drive-connected to the main shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, both the mounting box and the eccentric wheel can slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the bracket is provided with multiple guide rods, all of which extend along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and each mounting box can be slidably sleeved on the outside of each guide rod; the leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device of the agricultural machinery also includes a furrowing row spacing adjustment component, which is connected to each mounting box in a transmission manner, and is used to drive the mounting box to slide along the axial direction of the guide rod to control the furrowing row spacing of each furrow opener.

[0018] Furthermore, the trenching spacing adjustment assembly includes a lead screw, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket. The lead screw extends axially along the guide rod and includes a rod segment and multiple threaded segments. Each threaded segment is distributed sequentially in a direction away from the rod segment, and the pitch of each threaded segment increases arithmetically in a direction away from the rod segment. The difference in pitch between adjacent threaded segments is equal to the pitch of the threaded segment closest to the rod segment. The rod segment is rotatably inserted into one of the multiple mounting boxes, and each threaded segment is screwed into the corresponding mounting box.

[0019] Furthermore, the trenching spacing adjustment assembly also includes a third gear, which is driven and sleeved outside the lead screw; the main shaft is movably mounted on the bracket so that the second gear can switch between meshing and transmission between the first gear and the third gear.

[0020] Furthermore, the bracket is provided with a mounting plate, the mounting plate is provided with a first sliding groove, the first sliding groove extends in a vertical direction, the main shaft is rotatably inserted through the first sliding groove and can slide along the extension direction of the first sliding groove, and an adjustment mechanism is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate, the adjustment mechanism is used to limit the position of the main shaft in the first sliding groove so as to switch the main shaft between a first state and a second state;

[0021] When the main shaft is in the first state, the main shaft is located at the end of the first slide groove near the first gear, and the second gear meshes with the first gear for transmission; when the main shaft is in the second state, the main shaft is located at the end of the first slide groove near the third gear, and the second gear meshes with the third gear for transmission.

[0022] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a slide rod and a fastening assembly. The slide rod is movably mounted on the side wall of the mounting plate in a horizontal direction, and the slide rod is movable to the sliding path of the main shaft along the first slide groove. The side wall of the slide rod can abut against the outer periphery of the main shaft to restrict the main shaft to a first state or a second state. The fastening assembly is used to lock or unlock the slide rod.

[0023] Furthermore, the side wall of the slide rod is provided with a limiting groove and a first inclined surface; the fastening assembly includes a fixing member, a limiting rod, and a second elastic member. The fixing member is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate. The fixing member is provided with a first slot and a second slot. The slide rod is slidably connected to the first slot. The second slot communicates with the first slot along the wall thickness direction of the fixing member. The limiting rod is slidably connected to the second slot. One end of the limiting rod near the slide rod can be embedded in the limiting groove to prevent the slide rod from disengaging from the first slot. One end of the limiting rod near the slide rod is provided with a second inclined surface. The first inclined surface can slidably engage with the second inclined surface. The second elastic member is disposed between the limiting rod and the fixing member to make the limiting rod tend to move closer to the slide rod.

[0024] Furthermore, the slide bar is provided with a second slide groove, which extends along the moving direction of the slide bar. The main shaft is slidably connected to the second slide groove, and the slide bar can restrict the main shaft to a third state. When the main shaft is in the third state, the main shaft is located in the second slide groove, and the second gear disengages from the first gear and the third gear.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The soil leveling roller is rotatably mounted on a support frame; multiple furrow openers are spaced apart along the axial direction of the leveling roller; the sowing and fertilization assembly is mounted on the support frame, with the leveling roller, furrow openers, and sowing and fertilization assembly arranged sequentially along the forward direction of the support frame. This sequential arrangement forms a continuous production line: the leveling roller first compacts and breaks up the soil, crushing clods and leveling the surface, providing a uniform and flat working surface for subsequent furrowing and sowing; the furrow openers then create planting furrows on the leveled soil; the sowing and fertilization assembly follows closely, simultaneously applying seeds and fertilizer into the planting furrows, achieving a continuous operation from leveling to furrowing to sowing and fertilization, thus improving work efficiency. The spacing between the furrow openers determines the sowing row spacing. By changing the furrow openers with different spacing or using an adjustable row spacing furrow opener installation structure, the row spacing can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of different crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans, allowing the device to adapt to the planting row spacing needs of different crops.

[0027] 2. The ditching depth adjustment components are rotatably mounted on the support based on the rotating shaft; multiple ditching depth adjustment components are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller, and each ditcher is equipped with at least one adjustment component; the adjustment component includes a mounting box, an eccentric wheel, and a first elastic element. The mounting box is mounted on the support, and the rotating shaft rotatably passes through each mounting box. The mounting box has a mounting cavity, and each ditcher is slidably passed through its corresponding mounting box in the vertical direction, with at least a portion of the ditcher located within the mounting cavity; each eccentric wheel is driven and sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the eccentric wheel is located within the mounting cavity, and its outer circumference abuts against the corresponding ditcher located within the mounting cavity. One end of the device is located within the mounting cavity; a first elastic element is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity at one end and to the trencher at the other end, so that the trencher normally presses against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel; when the eccentric wheel rotates under the drive of the shaft, the position of the contact point between its outer circumference and the end of the trencher changes, pushing the trencher to slide up and down vertically, changing the height of the trencher's entry end from the ground, and realizing continuous stepless adjustment of the trenching depth; the first elastic element continuously presses the trencher against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel, eliminating the fit gap between the end of the trencher and the eccentric wheel, and improving the accuracy of depth adjustment. The same shaft simultaneously drives all eccentric wheels to rotate synchronously, and all trenchers to rise and fall synchronously, making the trenching depth of each row consistent, and the depth adjustment operation can be completed by adjusting only one element, the shaft, thus improving the adjustment efficiency.

[0028] 3. The drive assembly is mounted on a bracket and is connected to a rotating shaft. The drive assembly provides rotational power to the shaft, allowing the operator to control its rotation. This, in turn, drives all eccentric wheels to rotate synchronously, achieving uniform adjustment of the trenching depth. The drive assembly can be operated manually (e.g., by handwheel) or electrically (e.g., by motor), and can be linked with a control system for intelligent automatic adjustment. It precisely controls the trenching depth according to different soil conditions or operational needs, further enhancing the device's adaptability and operational flexibility.

[0029] 4. The compaction and breaking up of the soil using the leveling roller ensures a flat surface, providing a uniform bottom surface for each furrow opener, enabling the furrow opener to create planting furrows of consistent depth. Furthermore, the eccentric wheel and the first elastic element work together to achieve continuous, stepless adjustment of the furrow depth. The drive assembly provides convenient power control for depth adjustment. The combined effect of these three components allows the operator to adjust the furrow depth at any time according to soil conditions and crop type, achieving adaptive adjustment of the furrow depth. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B;

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C;

[0035] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the lead screw.

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the adjustment mechanism shown.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Support; 101. Guide rod; 102. Mounting plate; 1021. First chute; 2. Leveling roller; 3. Furrow opener; 4. Seeding and fertilizing assembly; 401. Hopper; 4011. Seed storage chamber; 4012. Seed outlet; 4013. Fertilizer storage chamber; 4014. Fertilizer outlet; 402. Seed outlet pipe; 403. Fertilizer outlet pipe; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Furrowing depth adjustment assembly; 601. Mounting box; 6011. Mounting cavity; 602. Eccentric wheel; 603. First elastic element; 7. Drive assembly; 701. Main shaft; 702. Second gear 703, Driving component; 8, First gear; 9, Groove spacing adjustment assembly; 901, Lead screw; 9011, Rod segment; 9012, Threaded segment; 902, Third gear; 10, Adjustment mechanism; 1001, Slide rod; 10011, Limiting groove; 10012, First inclined surface; 10013, Second sliding groove; 1002, Fastening assembly; 10021, Fixing component; 100211, First slot; 100212, Second slot; 10022, Limiting rod; 100221, Second inclined surface; 10023, Second elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] See Figures 1-7 The present invention illustrates a preferred embodiment of an agricultural machinery leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device, comprising: a support 1, a leveling roller 2, multiple furrow openers 3, a sowing and fertilizing assembly 4, a rotating shaft 5, multiple furrow depth adjustment assemblies 6, and a drive assembly 7.

[0042] The leveling roller 2 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 1. The support frame 1 serves as the supporting skeleton for the entire device, providing a stable mounting foundation for each component and ensuring that each component maintains an accurate relative position and stable working posture during operation. The support frame 1 can be welded from shaped steel (such as square tubes, channel steel, or rectangular tubes), and its front end is equipped with a traction frame for connection to the suspension device of tractors or other power machinery. The leveling roller 2 can be a hollow cylinder or a solid roller, made of steel or cast iron, and its outer surface can be provided with raised soil-crushing teeth or annular ridges to enhance its ability to break up soil clods. The two ends of the leveling roller 2 are mounted to the front end of the support frame 1 through bearing seats and can rotate freely around its own axis. As the device moves forward, the leveling roller 2 rolls with the ground, applying a certain pressure to the soil surface, crushing soil clods and compacting the surface to provide a uniform working surface for subsequent furrowing and sowing.

[0043] Multiple furrow openers 3 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the leveling roller 2. The furrow openers 3 can be boot-type, disc-type, or shovel-type, with boot-type openers suitable for soft soil and disc-type openers suitable for harder soil or straw-covered areas. The number of furrow openers 3 is determined by the number of sowing rows, and the spacing between adjacent furrow openers 3 is determined by the crop planting row spacing. The furrow openers 3 dig furrows on the leveled soil surface according to the set row spacing, providing space for sowing and fertilization, ensuring that seeds and fertilizers are applied at the predetermined row spacing and depth.

[0044] The sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 is installed on the support 1. The leveling roller 2, furrow opener 3, and sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 are distributed sequentially along the forward direction of the support 1. The sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 includes a seed box, a fertilizer box, a seed metering device, and a fertilizer metering device. The seed box and fertilizer box are installed on top of the support 1 and respectively contain seeds and fertilizer. The seed metering device and fertilizer metering device are installed at the bottom of the seed box and fertilizer box, and achieve quantitative seeding and fertilizer dispensing through ground wheel drive or motor drive. The outlet of each seed metering device and fertilizer metering device extends to the rear of the corresponding furrow opener 3 through the seed delivery pipe and fertilizer delivery pipe, guiding the seeds and fertilizer into the seed furrow. The seed dispensing rate and fertilizer dispensing rate of the sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed or opening of the seed metering device and fertilizer metering device. The sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 can be integrated with an electronic control system, which automatically adjusts the seed dispensing rate and fertilizer dispensing rate by detecting the travel speed through sensors, realizing variable fertilization and precision sowing. The sowing and fertilizing component 4 receives the seed furrow opened by the furrow opener 3 and simultaneously sows and applies seeds and fertilizers into the furrow according to the set amount. The covering device and the compaction wheel can be set after the sowing and fertilizing component 4 to complete the covering and compaction operations.

[0045] The rotating shaft 5 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 1; multiple trenching depth adjustment components 6 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller 2, and each trencher 3 is equipped with at least one adjustment component. The adjustment component includes a mounting box 601, an eccentric wheel 602, and a first elastic element 603. The mounting box 601 is mounted on the bracket 1, and the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably inserted through each mounting box 601. The mounting box 601 is provided with a mounting cavity 6011, and each trencher 3 is slidably inserted through its corresponding mounting box 601 in the vertical direction. At least a portion of the trencher 3 is located within the mounting cavity 6011. Each eccentric wheel 602 is driven and sleeved outside the rotating shaft 5. The eccentric wheel 602 is located inside the mounting cavity 6011, and its outer circumference abuts against the corresponding end of the trencher 3 located inside the mounting cavity 6011. The first elastic element 603 is located inside the mounting cavity 6011. One end of the first elastic element 603 is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity 6011, and the other end is connected to the trencher 3, so that the trencher 3 keeps pressing the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel 602 under normal conditions. The bottom of the mounting box 601 is provided with a guide hole for the connecting rod or sliding sleeve of the trencher 3 to pass through and slide freely in the vertical direction. The rotating shaft 5 enters from the side wall of the mounting box 601, passes through the mounting cavity 6011, and exits from the other side. The point where the rotating shaft 5 passes through the mounting box 601 is provided with a bearing or bushing to ensure that the rotating shaft 5 can rotate freely. The rotating shaft 5 can be made of solid round steel or hollow steel pipe, and is mounted on the bracket 1 at both ends via bearing seats, allowing it to rotate freely around its own axis. The length of the rotating shaft 5 matches the width of the bracket 1, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the leveling roller 2. The eccentric wheel 602 can be connected to the rotating shaft 5 via a key or set screw. There is an eccentricity between the geometric center of the eccentric wheel 602 and the rotation center of the rotating shaft 5, and the magnitude of the eccentricity determines the adjustment range of the trenching depth. The first elastic element 603 can be a compression spring or a wave spring, sleeved on the connecting rod of the trencher 3, located inside the mounting cavity 6011. The lower end of the first elastic element 603 abuts against the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 6011, and the upper end abuts against the limiting boss or spring seat on the trencher 3. The first elastic element 603 continuously pushes the trencher 3 upward, causing its end to fit tightly against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel 602.

[0046] The drive assembly 7 is mounted on the bracket 1 and is connected to the rotating shaft 5 via a transmission connection. The drive assembly 7 can also be electrically driven, comprising a motor and a reducer. The motor is connected to the rotating shaft 5 via the reducer, and the forward and reverse rotation of the motor is controlled by an electronic switch to achieve the electric rotation of the rotating shaft 5. The drive assembly 7 can also be driven by a hydraulic motor, suitable for the hydraulic systems of large agricultural machinery. The bracket 1 can be equipped with a control system electrically connected to the drive assembly 7. The control system controls the drive assembly 7 to achieve intelligent adjustment and automatic control of the entire device. The drive assembly 7 can be configured with an angle sensor or position indicator and electrically connected to the control system to display the current trenching depth. This enables precise adjustment of the trenching depth and real-time monitoring of operating parameters, improving the automation level and operational accuracy of the device. The control system can be a programmable logic controller (PLC), a microcontroller, or an embedded industrial computer, mounted on the bracket 1 or in the driver's cab, and electrically connected to the drive assembly 7 via control cables. The control system can be configured with a human-machine interface (such as a touchscreen or button panel) for inputting and displaying operating parameters, such as the target trenching depth, the current depth of each trencher 3, and the working status of the drive assembly 7. The drive assembly 7 provides rotational power to the shaft 5, enabling the operator to control the rotation angle of the eccentric wheel 602 through the drive assembly 7, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the trenching depth.

[0047] In use, the device is connected to a tractor or other power machinery via the traction frame at the front end of the bracket 1, and moves forward as the tractor moves. During the forward movement of the device, the leveling roller 2 first contacts the soil surface, compacting and breaking up the soil clods and leveling the surface to provide a smooth working surface for subsequent furrowing. The operator drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate via the drive assembly 7, which in turn drives all the eccentric wheels 602 to rotate synchronously. The contact point between the outer circumference of each eccentric wheel 602 and the corresponding end of the furrow opener 3 changes, pushing each furrow opener 3 to slide up and down synchronously in the vertical direction, changing the height of the furrow opener 3's soil entry end from the ground, thereby achieving uniform adjustment of the depth of all furrow openers 3. This allows for adjustment of the sowing depth according to different soil conditions and crop planting needs. Simultaneously with furrowing, the sowing and fertilization assembly 4 applies seeds and fertilizer synchronously into the furrows opened by the furrow opener 3 according to the set application rate, completing the sowing and fertilization operations.

[0048] The leveling roller 2 is rotatably mounted on the support 1; multiple furrow openers 3 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller 2; the sowing and fertilization assembly 4 is mounted on the support 1, and the leveling roller 2, furrow openers 3, and sowing and fertilization assembly 4 are distributed sequentially along the forward direction of the support 1; the leveling roller 2, furrow openers 3, and sowing and fertilization assembly 4 are arranged in sequence to form a continuous operation line: the leveling roller 2 first compacts and breaks up the soil, crushes the soil clods and compacts the surface to provide a uniform and flat working surface for subsequent furrowing and sowing; the furrow openers 3 then open seed furrows on the leveled soil; the sowing and fertilization assembly 4 then applies seeds and fertilizers simultaneously into the seed furrows, realizing a continuous operation from leveling to furrowing to sowing and fertilization, thus improving work efficiency. The spacing between each furrow opener 3 determines the sowing row spacing. By replacing the furrow openers 3 with different spacing distributions or using an adjustable row spacing furrow opener 3 installation structure, the row spacing can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of different crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans, so that the device can adapt to the planting row spacing requirements of different crops.

[0049] The rotating shaft 5 is rotatably mounted on the support 1; multiple trenching depth adjustment components 6 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller 2, and each trencher 3 is equipped with at least one adjustment component; the adjustment component includes a mounting box 601, an eccentric wheel 602, and a first elastic element 603. The mounting box 601 is mounted on the support 1, and the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably inserted through each mounting box 601. The mounting box 601 is provided with a mounting cavity 6011, and each trencher 3 is slidably inserted through its corresponding mounting box 601 in the vertical direction. At least a portion of the trencher 3 is located within the mounting cavity 6011; each eccentric wheel 602 is drivenly sleeved outside the rotating shaft 5, and the eccentric wheel 602 is located within the mounting cavity 6011, with its outer circumference abutting against the corresponding trencher 3. The first elastic element 603 is located within the mounting cavity 6011. One end of the first elastic element 603 is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity 6011, and the other end is connected to the trencher 3, so that the trencher 3 normally keeps pressing the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel 602. When the eccentric wheel 602 rotates under the drive of the rotating shaft 5, the position of the contact point between its outer circumference and the end of the trencher 3 changes, pushing the trencher 3 to slide up and down in the vertical direction, changing the height of the trencher 3's soil entry end from the ground, and realizing continuous stepless adjustment of the trenching depth. The first elastic element 603 continuously presses the trencher 3 against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel 602, eliminating the fit gap between the end of the trencher 3 and the eccentric wheel 602, and improving the accuracy of depth adjustment. The same rotating shaft 5 simultaneously drives all eccentric wheels 602 to rotate synchronously, and all trenchers 3 to rise and fall synchronously, so that the trenching depth of each row is consistent, and the depth adjustment operation can be completed by adjusting only one element, the rotating shaft 5, which improves the adjustment efficiency.

[0050] The drive assembly 7 is mounted on the bracket 1 and is connected to the rotating shaft 5. The drive assembly 7 provides rotational power to the rotating shaft 5, allowing the operator to control the shaft 5 to rotate, thereby driving all eccentric wheels 602 to rotate synchronously and achieve uniform adjustment of the trenching depth. The drive assembly 7 can be operated manually (e.g., by handwheel drive) or electrically (e.g., by motor drive), and can be linked with the control system to achieve intelligent automatic adjustment. It precisely controls the trenching depth according to different soil conditions or operational needs, further improving the device's adaptability and operational flexibility.

[0051] The compaction and breaking up of the soil by the leveling roller 2 ensures a flat surface, providing a uniform bottom surface for each furrow opener 3, enabling the furrow opener 3 to create planting furrows of consistent depth. Furthermore, the continuous stepless adjustment of the furrow depth is achieved through the cooperation of the eccentric wheel 602 and the first elastic element 603. The drive component 7 provides a convenient power control means for depth adjustment. With the combined effect of these three components, the operator can adjust the furrow depth at any time according to soil conditions and crop type, achieving adaptive adjustment of the furrow depth.

[0052] See Figure 3Preferably, the sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 includes a hopper 401, multiple seed outlets 402, and multiple fertilizer outlets 403. The hopper 401 has a seed storage chamber 4011, multiple seed outlets 4012, a fertilizer storage chamber 4013, and multiple fertilizer outlets 4014. Each seed outlet 4012 is located on the bottom wall of the seed storage chamber 4011 and connected to the corresponding seed outlet 402. Each fertilizer outlet 4014 is located on the bottom wall of the fertilizer storage chamber 4013 and connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlet 403. The ends of each fertilizer outlet 403 and each seed outlet 402 away from the hopper 401 are respectively installed on the side wall of the corresponding mounting box 601. The hopper 401 is installed above the bracket 1 and can be a box structure made of stainless steel or engineering plastic. Its interior is divided into a seed storage chamber 4011 and a fertilizer storage chamber 4013 by a partition. The seed storage chamber 4011 and the fertilizer storage chamber 4013 extend along the length of the hopper 401, and are arranged side-by-side or front-to-back. The bottom wall of the seed storage chamber 4011 has multiple seed outlets 4012 spaced along its length, the number and position of which correspond one-to-one with the number and position of the furrow openers 3. Similarly, the bottom wall of the fertilizer storage chamber 4013 has multiple fertilizer outlets 4014 spaced along its length, the number and position of which correspond one-to-one with the seed outlets 4012. Each seed outlet 4012 and fertilizer outlet 4014 can be equipped with a switch or adjusting handle to control the on / off state and flow rate of seed and fertilizer dispensing. Seed dispensers and fertilizer dispensers, such as seed-dispensing wheels and fertilizer-dispensing wheels, can be installed in the seed storage chamber 4011 and fertilizer storage chamber 4013, respectively. These are driven by a ground wheel or motor to achieve quantitative seed and fertilizer dispensing, and can be synchronously controlled by a control system, enhancing the intelligence of the device and improving operational efficiency. Sensors can be installed in the seed storage chamber 4011 and fertilizer storage chamber 4013 respectively to monitor the storage levels of seeds and fertilizers within them. These sensors are electrically connected to the control system and emit a buzzer signal when the storage levels are low, reminding the operator to replenish the fertilizer promptly. The seed outlet tube 402 and fertilizer outlet tube 403 can be flexible corrugated pipes or transparent hoses. One end of the seed outlet tube 402 is connected to the seed outlet 4012, and the other end is installed on the side wall of the corresponding mounting box 601. Its outlet is located behind the furrow opener 3, guiding seeds into the seed furrow. One end of the fertilizer outlet tube 403 is connected to the fertilizer outlet 4014, and the other end is installed on the side wall of the corresponding mounting box 601. Its outlet is located behind the furrow opener 3 and slightly offset from the outlet of the seed outlet tube 402, guiding fertilizer into the seed furrow, thus achieving seed-fertilizer isolation. Seed outlet pipe 402 and fertilizer outlet pipe 403 can be fixed to the side wall of mounting box 601 with pipe clamps or cable ties, and maintain an appropriate tilt angle to ensure smooth flow of materials under gravity. Seeds and fertilizers are stored separately in hopper 401 and transported to the rear of each furrow opener 3 through independent pipelines, so as to achieve synchronous sowing of seeds and fertilizers in the seed furrows, avoiding mixing of seeds and fertilizers during transportation, which could lead to poor seed and fertilizer discharge or seed burning.

[0053] See Figure 4Preferably, a first gear 8 is externally driven and sleeved on the rotating shaft 5; the drive assembly 7 includes a main shaft 701, a second gear 702, and a drive component 703. The main shaft 701 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 1, and the second gear 702 is driven and sleeved on one end of the main shaft 701, with the second gear 702 meshing with the first gear 8; the drive component 703 is driven and connected to the main shaft 701. The first gear 8 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 5 by a key or set screw and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 5. The main shaft 701 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 1 via a bearing seat, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 5. The second gear 702 is connected to one end of the main shaft 701 by a key or set screw and meshes with the first gear 8. The drive component 703 can be a handwheel, crank, motor, or hydraulic motor, mounted on the bracket 1, and driven and connected to the main shaft 701 via a coupling or key. The gear ratio between the first gear 8 and the second gear 702 can be designed according to the required transmission ratio. The power of the drive component 703 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 5 through a two-stage gear transmission, so that the drive component 703 can be arranged in a position that is easy to operate, such as the side or the top of the bracket 1. At the same time, the speed reduction or speed increase effect of the gear transmission improves the accuracy of the angle control of the rotating shaft 5.

[0054] See Figure 3 and Figure 5Preferably, both the mounting box 601 and the eccentric wheel 602 can slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5; the bracket 1 is provided with multiple guide rods 101, all of which extend along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5, and each mounting box 601 can be slidably sleeved on the outside of each guide rod 101; the leveling, sowing and fertilizing device of an agricultural machine also includes a furrowing row spacing adjustment component 9, which is connected to each mounting box 601 in a transmission manner, and is used to drive the mounting box 601 to slide along the axial direction of the guide rod 101 to control the furrowing row spacing of each furrow opener 3. The guide rods 101 can be made of stainless steel or chrome-plated steel, and both ends of the guide rods 101 are fixed to the bracket 1. The number of guide rods 101 is at least two, preferably two or four, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting box 601 to improve the stability of the mounting box 601 when sliding. The side wall of the mounting box 601 is provided with a guide hole that slides with the guide rod 101. A linear bearing or a self-lubricating bushing can be installed in the guide hole to reduce sliding friction. The mounting box 601 and the eccentric wheel 602 can achieve axial synchronous sliding through the cooperation of a keyway and a sliding key, while maintaining the torque transmission of the rotating shaft 5. The furrow spacing adjustment component 9 can adopt a synchronous telescopic mechanism, including a scissor-type telescopic frame or a scissor fork linkage, which changes the spacing between each mounting box 601 by driving the telescopic movement of the scissor frame. The furrow spacing adjustment component 9 can also adopt multiple independent adjusting screws, with one adjusting screw for each mounting box 601. The operator can adjust the position of each mounting box 601 individually, which is suitable for planting patterns that require non-uniform row spacing. The furrow opener 3 can move axially along the rotating shaft 5, thereby adjusting the spacing (i.e., the sowing row spacing) between the furrow openers 3 according to the type of crop, so that the same device can adapt to the planting needs of multiple crops and improve the adaptability of the device.

[0055] As an alternative configuration, the trenching row spacing adjustment component 9 is electrically driven and can be intelligently adjusted via a control system mounted on the bracket 1. This system includes a row spacing adjustment motor and a transmission mechanism, with the motor electrically connected to the control system. The control system has preset standard row spacing parameters for various crops. After the operator selects the target crop type through the human-machine interface of the control system, the system automatically calculates the target position to be moved for each mounting box 601 and drives the row spacing adjustment motor to power the transmission mechanism. Simultaneously, the control system monitors the actual position of each mounting box 601 in real time using displacement sensors or encoders installed on the mounting boxes 601, performing a closed-loop comparison with the target position. When the actual position reaches the target position, the control system automatically stops the row spacing adjustment motor. The control system can also be linked with a GPS / BeiDou positioning system, automatically switching row spacing parameters as the device moves to different plots based on a preset planting plan, achieving variable row spacing adjustment based on geographical location.

[0056] See Figure 5 and Figure 6Preferably, the groove spacing adjustment component 9 includes a lead screw 901, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket 1. The lead screw 901 extends axially along the guide rod 101 and includes a rod segment 9011 and multiple threaded segments 9012. The threaded segments 9012 are distributed sequentially in the direction away from the rod segment 9011, and the pitch of each threaded segment 9012 increases arithmetically in the direction away from the rod segment 9011. The difference in pitch between adjacent threaded segments 9012 is equal to the pitch of the threaded segment 9012 closest to the rod segment 9011. The rod segment 9011 is rotatably inserted into one of the multiple mounting boxes 601, and each threaded segment 9012 is screwed into the corresponding mounting box 601. The lead screw 901 can be made of high-quality carbon steel or alloy steel, and its surface can be carburized and quenched to improve wear resistance. The threaded segments 9012 are trapezoidal or rectangular threads to withstand larger axial loads. Both ends of the lead screw 901 are rotatably mounted to the bracket 1 via bearings. The rod segment 9011 is a smooth shaft segment, rotatably mounted to the mounting box 601, which serves as a fixed reference, via bearings. It does not drive the mounting box 601 to move, but only provides rotational support for the lead screw 901. Each threaded segment 9012 is sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the lead screw 901, and the length of each threaded segment 9012 matches the travel of the corresponding mounting box 601. The pitch of the first threaded segment 9012 (the threaded segment 9012 closest to the rod segment 9011) is P, the pitch of the second threaded segment 9012 is 2P, the pitch of the third threaded segment 9012 is 3P, and so on, with the pitch of the nth threaded segment 9012 being n×P. Each mounting box 601 has a threaded hole that mates with the corresponding threaded segment 9012, forming a threaded transmission pair between the mounting box 601 and the lead screw 901. Limiting blocks can be installed at both ends of each threaded segment 9012 to prevent the mounting box 601 from sliding out of the corresponding threaded segment 9012. One end of the lead screw 901 can be connected to a drive motor to realize electric adjustment and precise positioning of the row spacing through the control system; an angle sensor or encoder can be installed on the lead screw 901 to detect the rotation angle of the lead screw 901 to calculate the current value of the row spacing; through the arithmetic progression design of the pitch of each threaded segment 9012, each mounting box 601 moves synchronously and equidistantly under the drive of the corresponding threaded segment 9012 when the lead screw 901 rotates, thereby ensuring that the row spacing between adjacent trenchers 3 remains consistent and changes uniformly during the adjustment process.

[0057] See Figure 4Preferably, the trenching spacing adjustment assembly 9 further includes a third gear 902, which is driven and sleeved around the lead screw 901; the main shaft 701 is movably mounted on the bracket 1 so that the second gear 702 can switch between meshing and transmission between the first gear 8 and the third gear 902. The main shaft 701 is mounted on the bracket 1 via a movable bearing seat or sliding sleeve, and a slide rail is provided between the bearing seat and the bracket 1, allowing the main shaft 701 to move within a certain range along its axial direction or radial direction. The movement of the main shaft 701 can be achieved by manual operation (such as a shift fork handle) or electric drive. If an electric drive is used, a switching drive mechanism can be installed on the bracket 1. The switching drive mechanism is electrically connected to the control system. The output end of the switching drive mechanism is connected to the main spindle 701 or the bearing housing on which the main spindle 701 is mounted. After the operator selects "depth adjustment mode" or "row spacing adjustment mode" through the human-machine interface, the control system automatically controls the switching drive mechanism to move according to the selected mode, driving the main spindle 701 to move along its axial or radial direction to the corresponding position, so that the second gear 702 meshes with the first gear 8 or the third gear 902. The third gear 902 is connected to one end of the lead screw 901 by a key or set screw. Its tooth profile and module are the same as those of the first gear 8 to ensure interchangeable meshing with the second gear 702. By moving the main shaft 701 axially, the second gear 702 can switch between meshing with the first gear 8 (driving the rotating shaft 5 to adjust the trenching depth) and the third gear 902 (driving the lead screw 901 to adjust the trenching row spacing). Thus, the same drive assembly 7 can be used to realize both trenching depth adjustment and trenching row spacing adjustment functions, without the need to configure a separate drive source for row spacing adjustment, which simplifies the overall structure of the machine.

[0058] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 Preferably, the bracket 1 is provided with a mounting plate 102, the mounting plate 102 is provided with a first slide groove 1021, the first slide groove 1021 extends in the vertical direction, the main shaft 701 is rotatably inserted through the first slide groove 1021 and can slide along the extension direction of the first slide groove 1021, and an adjustment mechanism 10 is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate 102. The adjustment mechanism 10 is used to limit the position of the main shaft 701 in the first slide groove 1021 so as to switch the main shaft 701 between a first state and a second state.

[0059] When the main shaft 701 is in the first state, the main shaft 701 is located at the end of the first slide groove 1021 near the first gear 8, and the second gear 702 meshes with the first gear 8 for transmission; when the main shaft 701 is in the second state, the main shaft 701 is located at the end of the first slide groove 1021 near the third gear 902, and the second gear 702 meshes with the third gear 902 for transmission.

[0060] Mounting plate 102 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of bracket 1, and can be connected by welding or bolting steel plates. The first groove 1021 is a long, narrow through groove formed on mounting plate 102, extending vertically. Its width matches the diameter of spindle 701. The groove wall is precision machined to ensure a smooth and flat surface, reducing frictional resistance during spindle 701 sliding. Spindle 701 can be slidably mounted in the first groove 1021 via a bearing seat. The outer wall of the bearing seat slides against the side wall of the first groove 1021, allowing spindle 701 to move vertically up and down within the first groove 1021. Adjustment mechanism 10 can be driven by an electric push rod or cylinder and is electrically connected to the control system. Automatic switching of spindle 701's position is achieved via an operation panel or remote control. The control system detects whether spindle 701 has reached the target state via a position sensor and allows drive component 703 to start after confirmation of positioning. The adjustment mechanism 10 can also take the form of a shift fork and a handle, including a shift fork and an operating handle. One end of the shift fork is connected to the bearing seat of the main shaft 701, and the other end is connected to the operating handle. The operating handle is located on the outside of the mounting plate 102. By shifting the operating handle, the main shaft 701 can be driven to move up and down. By sliding the main shaft 701 in the vertical direction, the second gear 702 can selectively mesh with the first gear 8 (driving the rotating shaft 5 to adjust the trenching depth) or the third gear 902 (driving the lead screw 901 to adjust the trenching row spacing), realizing the switching control of the two functions of trenching depth adjustment and trenching row spacing adjustment by the same drive component 7.

[0061] See Figure 2 and Figure 7Preferably, the adjusting mechanism 10 includes a slide rod 1001 and a fastening assembly 1002. The slide rod 1001 is movably mounted on the side wall of the mounting plate 102 in the horizontal direction, and the slide rod 1001 can move onto the sliding path of the main shaft 701 along the first slide groove 1021. The side wall of the slide rod 1001 can abut against the outer periphery of the main shaft 701 to restrict the main shaft 701 to a first state or a second state. The fastening assembly 1002 is used to lock or unlock the slide rod 1001. The slide rod 1001 can be a round rod, a square rod, or a rectangular rod, made of steel or engineering plastic. The side wall of the mounting plate 102 is provided with a guide hole or guide groove extending in the horizontal direction. The slide rod 1001 passes through the guide hole or guide groove and can slide back and forth in the horizontal direction. The side wall of the slide rod 1001 (facing the spindle 701) can be provided with an arc-shaped groove or a flat abutment surface, so that the slide rod 1001 forms a surface contact with the outer periphery of the spindle 701 or the bearing seat on which the spindle 701 is mounted, increasing the contact area and avoiding local stress concentration. The fastening assembly 1002 can be a locking screw or an eccentric locking handle, which passes through the threaded hole in the side wall of the mounting plate 102. When tightened, its end abuts against the side wall of the slide rod 1001, and the slide rod 1001 is locked in the current position by friction. The fastening assembly 1002 can also be in the form of a spring positioning pin, with multiple positioning recesses provided on the slide rod 1001, and elastic positioning pins provided at corresponding positions on the mounting plate 102. After the slide rod 1001 moves into position, the positioning pins engage with the recesses to achieve positioning. The horizontal movement of the slide bar 1001 selectively blocks the vertical sliding path of the main shaft 701, restricting the main shaft 701 to the first or second state, thereby realizing the meshing switching of the second gear 702 with the first gear 8 or the third gear 902. The structure is simple and the operation is intuitive. In addition, the fastening component 1002 can ensure that the slide bar 1001 is stable after locking, preventing the main shaft 701 from leaving the target state due to displacement of the slide bar 1001 caused by vibration during operation.

[0062] See Figure 7Preferably, the side wall of the slide rod 1001 is provided with a limiting groove 10011 and a first inclined surface 10012; the fastening assembly 1002 includes a fixing member 10021, a limiting rod 10022, and a second elastic member 10023. The fixing member 10021 is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate 102. The fixing member 10021 is provided with a first slot 100211 and a second slot 100212. The slide rod 1001 is slidably connected to the first slot 100211. The second slot 100212 communicates with the first slot 100211 along the wall thickness direction of the fixing member 10021. 10022 is slidably connected to the second slot 100212. The end of the limiting rod 10022 near the slide rod 1001 can be embedded in the limiting groove 10011 to restrict the slide rod 1001 from disengaging from the first slot 100211. The end of the limiting rod 10022 near the slide rod 1001 is provided with a second inclined surface 100221. The first inclined surface 10012 can be slidably engaged with the second inclined surface 100221. The second elastic member 10023 is provided between the limiting rod 10022 and the fixing member 10021 so that the limiting rod 10022 has a tendency to move closer to the slide rod 1001. The fixing member 10021 can be fixed to the side wall of the mounting plate 102 by bolts or welding. The first slot 100211 is a through hole or blind hole extending along the moving direction of the slide rod 1001, and its cross-sectional shape matches the outer contour of the slide rod 1001. The slide rod 1001 can slide within the first slot 100211 along its extending direction. One end of the second slot 100212 is connected to the first slot 100211, and the other end opens into the outer side wall of the fixing member 10021. It is used to accommodate the limiting rod 10022 and provide it with sliding guidance. The limiting rod 10022 has a second inclined surface 100221 at one end near the slide rod 1001, and the other end extends out of the outside of the fixing member 10021 and is provided with a pull ring or handle for easy unlocking by the operator. The second elastic member 10023 is a tension spring and is installed between the limiting rod 10022 and the fixing member 10021. One end of the tension spring can be hooked onto a hanging ring or hanging hole on the limiting rod 10022 via a hook, and the other end can be hooked onto a hanging ring, hanging post, or fixing pin on the fixing member 10021 via a hook. When the limiting rod 10022 is pulled away from the slide rod 1001, the tension spring is in a stretched state, and the continuous tension makes the limiting rod 10022 tend to move towards the slide rod 1001. When the slide rod 1001 is pushed in, the limiting rod 10022 is pushed away by the first inclined surface 10012 of the slide rod 1001, and the tension spring is further stretched to store elastic potential energy; when the limiting groove 10011 moves to align with the limiting rod 10022, the tension spring releases the elastic potential energy, pulls the limiting rod 10022 back and embeds it into the limiting groove 10011 to achieve locking. The limiting groove 10011 is a recess or annular groove formed on the side wall of the slide rod 1001. Its depth and shape match the end of the limiting rod 10022. When the limiting rod 10022 is inserted into the limiting groove 10011, the axial movement of the slide rod 1001 is restricted.When unlocking is required, the operator pulls the limiting rod 10022 outward to disengage it from the limiting groove 10011, allowing the slide rod 1001 to slide freely. The engagement of the limiting rod 10022 with the limiting groove 10011 achieves automatic locking of the slide rod 1001, preventing the slide rod 1001 from accidentally disengaging from the first slot 100211 due to vibration during operation, which could cause instability in the spindle 701. At the same time, the sliding cooperation between the first inclined surface 10012 and the second inclined surface 100221 allows the slide rod 1001 to automatically push open the limiting rod 10022 when pushed into the first slot 100211, completing the locking without manual operation of the limiting rod 10022 and improving the convenience of operation.

[0063] See Figure 4 and Figure 7 Preferably, the slide bar 1001 is provided with a second slide groove 10013, which extends along the moving direction of the slide bar 1001. The main shaft 701 is slidably connected to the second slide groove 10013, and the slide bar 1001 can restrict the main shaft 701 to a third state. When the main shaft 701 is in the third state, the main shaft 701 is located in the second slide groove 10013, and the second gear 702 disengages from the first gear 8 and the third gear 902. When the slide bar 1001 moves to a position where the main shaft 701 is within the second slide groove 10013, the main shaft 701 is limited by the groove wall of the second slide groove 10013 and cannot slide up and down along the first slide groove 1021. Simultaneously, because the main shaft 701 is restricted to this position, the second gear 702 is not engaged with the first gear 8 and the third gear 902. The rotating shaft 5 and the lead screw 901 are not driven by the drive member 703, and the power to the drive member 703 is cut off. When it is necessary to switch to the first or second state, the slide bar 1001 is moved to disengage the main shaft 701 from the limitation of the second slide groove 10013, and the main shaft 701 can then slide along the first slide groove 1021 to the corresponding position. By setting the second slide groove 10013, the main shaft 701 can achieve neutral positioning in the third state, facilitating power cut-off in the non-adjustment state of the device, thereby avoiding equipment damage or operational accidents caused by misoperation.

[0064] Based on the above, the superior working principle of the agricultural machinery leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device of the present invention is as follows: The device is connected to a tractor or other power machinery via the front end of the support 1, and moves forward as the tractor moves. The leveling roller 2 at the front end of the device first contacts the soil surface, compacting and breaking up the surface during rolling, while simultaneously leveling the surface. The rotation of the leveling roller 2 drives the seed metering device and fertilizer metering device through a transmission mechanism, synchronizing the sowing and fertilizing with the travel speed. The furrow opener 3 opens seed furrows on the leveled soil at a set row spacing. The seed outlet pipe 402 and fertilizer outlet pipe 403 of the sowing and fertilizing assembly 4 synchronously introduce seeds and fertilizer into the seed furrows. The soil covering device and the compaction wheel at the rear of the device complete the soil covering and compaction. When it is necessary to adjust the operating parameters according to soil conditions or crop type, the operator drives the main shaft 701 to rotate via the drive component 703 (which can be a handwheel, crank, motor, etc.). The main shaft 701 transmits power to the rotating shaft 5 or the lead screw 901 through the meshing of the second gear 702 with the first gear 8 or the third gear 902, thereby adjusting the furrowing depth and row spacing. The operator can select the target crop type or directly input the target parameters through the human-machine interface of the control system installed on the bracket 1. The control system automatically controls the drive component 7 to rotate the main shaft 701 to the target angle, causing the eccentric wheel 602 to push the furrow opener 3 up and down to the corresponding depth, or drive the mounting box 601 to move to the corresponding row spacing via the lead screw 901. This realizes multiple function conversions of the device and allows for adaptive adjustment of the sowing operating parameters according to the type of crop being planted, improving the efficiency of mechanized operations.

[0065] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0066] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0067] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery, characterized in that, include: support; A leveling roller, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket; Multiple trenchers are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller; A sowing and fertilizing assembly is installed on the support frame, and the leveling roller, the furrow opener, and the sowing and fertilizing assembly are distributed sequentially along the forward direction of the support frame. A rotating shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the bracket; Multiple trenching depth adjustment components are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the leveling roller. Each trencher is equipped with at least one adjustment component. Each adjustment component includes a mounting box, an eccentric wheel, and a first elastic element. The mounting box is mounted on the bracket. The rotating shaft rotatably passes through each mounting box. The mounting box has a mounting cavity. Each trencher is slidably inserted vertically into its corresponding mounting box. At least a portion of the trencher is located within the mounting cavity. Each eccentric wheel is driven and sleeved outside the rotating shaft. The eccentric wheel is located within the mounting cavity, and its outer circumference abuts against the end of the corresponding trencher located within the mounting cavity. The first elastic element is located within the mounting cavity. One end of the first elastic element is connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity, and the other end is connected to the trencher, so that the trencher normally keeps pressing against the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel. A drive assembly is mounted on the bracket and is drive-connected to the rotating shaft.

2. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing and fertilizing assembly includes a hopper, multiple seed outlets, and multiple fertilizer outlets. The hopper has a seed storage chamber, multiple seed outlets, a fertilizer storage chamber, and multiple fertilizer outlets. Each seed outlet is located on the bottom wall of the seed storage chamber and connected to the corresponding seed outlet. Each fertilizer outlet is located on the bottom wall of the fertilizer storage chamber and connected to the corresponding fertilizer outlet. The ends of each fertilizer outlet and each seed outlet away from the hopper are respectively installed on the side wall of the corresponding mounting box.

3. A leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The rotating shaft is externally driven by a first gear; the drive assembly includes a main shaft, a second gear, and a drive component. The main shaft is rotatably mounted on the bracket, and one end of the main shaft is driven by a second gear, which meshes with the first gear. The drive component is driven by the main shaft.

4. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the mounting box and the eccentric wheel can slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the bracket is provided with multiple guide rods, all of which extend along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and each mounting box can be slidably sleeved on the outside of each guide rod; the leveling, sowing and fertilizing device of the agricultural machinery also includes a furrowing row spacing adjustment component, which is connected to each mounting box in a transmission manner, and is used to drive the mounting box to slide along the axial direction of the guide rod to control the furrowing row spacing of each furrow opener.

5. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trenching spacing adjustment assembly includes a lead screw rotatably mounted on the bracket. The lead screw extends axially along the guide rod and includes a rod segment and multiple threaded segments. Each threaded segment is distributed sequentially in a direction away from the rod segment, and the pitch of each threaded segment increases arithmetically in a direction away from the rod segment. The difference in pitch between adjacent threaded segments is equal to the pitch of the threaded segment closest to the rod segment. The rod segment is rotatably inserted into one of the multiple mounting boxes, and each threaded segment is screwed into the corresponding mounting box.

6. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The trenching spacing adjustment assembly also includes a third gear, which is sleeved on the outside of the lead screw; the main shaft is movably mounted on the bracket so that the second gear can switch between meshing and transmission between the first gear and the third gear.

7. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bracket is provided with a mounting plate, the mounting plate is provided with a first sliding groove, the first sliding groove extends in a vertical direction, the main shaft is rotatably inserted through the first sliding groove and can slide along the extension direction of the first sliding groove, and an adjustment mechanism is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate, the adjustment mechanism is used to limit the position of the main shaft in the first sliding groove so as to switch the main shaft between a first state and a second state; When the main shaft is in the first state, the main shaft is located at the end of the first slide groove near the first gear, and the second gear meshes with the first gear for transmission; when the main shaft is in the second state, the main shaft is located at the end of the first slide groove near the third gear, and the second gear meshes with the third gear for transmission.

8. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a slide rod and a fastening assembly. The slide rod is movably mounted on the side wall of the mounting plate in a horizontal direction, and the slide rod can be moved to the sliding path of the main shaft along the first slide groove. The side wall of the slide rod can abut against the outer periphery of the main shaft to restrict the main shaft to a first state or a second state. The fastening assembly is used to lock or unlock the slide rod.

9. The leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The slide rod has a limiting groove and a first inclined surface on its side wall; the fastening assembly includes a fixing member, a limiting rod, and a second elastic member. The fixing member is installed on the side wall of the mounting plate and has a first slot and a second slot. The slide rod is slidably connected to the first slot, and the second slot communicates with the first slot along the wall thickness direction of the fixing member. The limiting rod is slidably connected to the second slot, and one end of the limiting rod near the slide rod can be embedded in the limiting groove to prevent the slide rod from disengaging from the first slot. One end of the limiting rod near the slide rod has a second inclined surface, and the first inclined surface can slidably engage with the second inclined surface. The second elastic member is disposed between the limiting rod and the fixing member to make the limiting rod tend to move closer to the slide rod.

10. A leveling, sowing, and fertilizing device for agricultural machinery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The slide bar is provided with a second slide groove, which extends along the moving direction of the slide bar. The main shaft is slidably connected to the second slide groove, and the slide bar can restrict the main shaft to a third state. When the main shaft is in the third state, the main shaft is located in the second slide groove, and the second gear disengages from the first gear and the third gear.

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