An oral composition for anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis based on three-pivot long-life axle and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to an oral composition based on three-pivot long-life axle for anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis and application thereof, the composition comprising ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine and ganoderma extract. The present application constructs a four-component precise compound system of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine and ganoderma extract, and the four components synergistically act from four aspects of mitochondrial autophagy clearance, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial oxidative protection and intestinal microenvironment support, realize anti-aging linkage regulation, and can improve the aging state of organs of middle-aged and elderly people and improve immunity from the root.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional food technology and relates to an oral composition based on a three-hub longevity axis for anti-aging and regulation of immune homeostasis and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Most health and wellness products for middle-aged and elderly people on the market currently use traditional tonic ingredients, which can only provide superficial nutritional benefits and cannot deeply cleanse aging and damaged mitochondria in organ cells to solve the fundamental problem of cell aging. Existing liver and blood vessel protection products mostly target single targets (such as simple anti-oxidation or simple lipid reduction), lacking systematic protection of mitochondria, the core target of aging, and cannot simultaneously achieve full-cycle maintenance of damaged mitochondria, healthy mitochondria regeneration, oxidative stress protection, and microenvironment support. Each ingredient is mostly developed individually or simply combined, without scientific compounding around the core theme of mitophagy. There is a lack of clear functional division and synergistic mechanism between the components, making it difficult to exert a systemic effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an oral composition for anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis based on a three-hub longevity axis and its application.

[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an oral composition for anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis based on a three-hub longevity axis, the composition comprising ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothionein and Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0006] This invention creatively combines four active components—ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract—to construct a four-level maintenance system of "mitochondrial autophagy, anti-inflammatory protection, oxidative protection, and microbial regulation." The functions of each component work together and multiple pathways work in tandem to fundamentally improve the aging state of organs and enhance immunity in middle-aged and elderly people.

[0007] Urolithin A activates the mitophagy pathway, specifically recognizing and clearing aging and damaged mitochondria in liver and kidney cells and vascular endothelial cells, completing the "removal" step. Ginsenoside CK activates the AMPK pathway to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the number of healthy mitochondria, completing the "renewal" process. Both work synergistically in the mitochondrial quality control system: urolithin A clears damaged mitochondria, reducing ROS production and alleviating oxidative stress; ginsenoside CK promotes the formation of new mitochondria and inhibits inflammation, providing a favorable environment for mitochondrial renewal, forming a positive feedback loop of "autophagy clearance – biogenesis".

[0008] L-ergothionein specifically accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix via the OCTN1 transporter, directly scavenging highly toxic ROS produced within mitochondria, stabilizing the mitochondrial double membrane structure, and reducing new damage at its source; urolithin A clears existing damaged mitochondria. The two work in perfect synergy, "damage reduction + damage clearance," jointly maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

[0009] Reishi extract regulates the balance of intestinal flora, promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, improves intestinal barrier function, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation caused by endotoxins entering the bloodstream. It also improves the liver's metabolic environment through the gut-liver axis and regulates systemic immune homeostasis through the gut-immune axis, providing a favorable systemic metabolic and immune environment for the normal functioning of mitochondria. Simultaneously, beneficial intestinal bacteria can promote the intestinal transformation of ginsenoside CK and ellagitannins, enhancing their bioavailability.

[0010] This invention constructs a precise four-component compound system of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothionein and Ganoderma lucidum extract. The four components work synergistically from four levels: mitochondrial autophagy clearance, mitochondrial biogeneration, mitochondrial oxidative protection, and intestinal microenvironment support, to achieve anti-aging linkage regulation.

[0011] This oral composition also achieves anti-aging and immune homeostasis regulation effects based on the three-hub longevity axis. The full name of the three-hub longevity axis is AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α three-hub longevity regulation axis (academic common name: mitochondrial biosynthesis / energy sensing longevity pathway): The first hub is AMPK (adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase, the cellular energy master switch), the upstream master control hub; the composition activates AMPK through the lysosomal pathway, increases intracellular NAD+ content, initiates the entire pathway, and controls cellular energy metabolism and autophagy to clear damaged organelles; the second hub is SIRT1 (silencing information regulator 1, epigenetic modification hub), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, the intermediate transit hub, after being activated by NAD+, it targets the deacetylation modification of PGC-1α, opening up the key link from energy sensing to mitochondrial regeneration; the third hub is PGC 1α (peroxisome proliferator receptor γ coactivator 1α, downstream efficacy hub), the terminal effect hub, after activation it dominates mitochondrial regeneration, fatty acid oxidation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and delaying cellular aging, and is the core target for anti-aging.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition comprises, by weight parts, 0.2-3 parts of ginsenoside CK, 0.1-2 parts of urolithin A, 0.1-1.5 parts of L-ergothioneine, and 3-12 parts of Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0013] Based on the potential synergistic effect among the four active components, when they meet the specific mass ratio mentioned above, their effects on anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis are even better.

[0014] The mass fractions of ginsenoside CK can be selected from 0.2 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.8 parts, 1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of urolithin A can be selected from 0.1 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.8 parts, 1.0 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of L-ergothioneine can be selected from 0.1 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.8 parts, 1.0 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of Ganoderma lucidum extract can be selected from 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, etc.

[0015] The Ganoderma lucidum extract involved in this invention is not limited to a specific preparation process. When it is prepared using the following process (i.e., alcohol extraction + ultrasonic-assisted water extraction + alcohol precipitation + macroporous resin elution), its effect is more obvious when used in combination with ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, and L-ergothioneine.

[0016] In some embodiments, the Ganoderma lucidum extract is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, mix it with an ethanol aqueous solution and reflux it. Separate the solid and liquid components of the extract and collect the solid precipitate.

[0018] (2) Mix the solid precipitate with water and perform ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. Separate the solid and liquid components of the extract, collect the supernatant, and concentrate it under reduced pressure.

[0019] (3) The concentrate is subjected to alcohol precipitation, solid-liquid separation, and the precipitate is collected;

[0020] (4) The precipitate was eluted and purified using macroporous resin to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0021] In some embodiments, the material is pulverized to 40-80 mesh, such as 40 mesh, 50 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, etc.

[0022] In some embodiments, the ratio of the dried pulverized Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body to the aqueous ethanol solution is 1:(8-15) g / mL, for example 1:8 g / mL, 1:9 g / mL, 1:10 g / mL, 1:11 g / mL, 1:12 g / mL, 1:13 g / mL, 1:14 g / mL, 1:15 g / mL, etc.

[0023] In some embodiments, the ethanol concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 75-85%, such as 75%, 76%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 85%, etc.

[0024] In some implementations, the reflux process is performed 1-3 times, for example, once, twice or three times; each time for 1-1.5 hours, for example, 1.0 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.3 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.5 hours, etc.

[0025] In some embodiments, the solid precipitate to water ratio is 1:(8-15) g / mL, for example 1:8 g / mL, 1:9 g / mL, 1:10 g / mL, 1:11 g / mL, 1:12 g / mL, 1:13 g / mL, 1:14 g / mL, 1:15 g / mL, etc.

[0026] In some embodiments, the power of the ultrasound is 200-400 W, such as 200 W, 250 W, 300 W, 350 W, 400 W, etc.; the temperature of the water extraction treatment is 50-70℃, such as 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, etc.; and the water extraction treatment time is 30-60 min, such as 30 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 60 min, etc.

[0027] In some embodiments, the alcohol precipitation treatment involves adding a 90-95% (e.g., 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, etc.) aqueous ethanol solution to a final volume concentration of 70-80% (e.g., 70%, 72%, 75%, 78%, 80%, etc.) and allowing it to stand at 2-8°C (e.g., 2°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 8°C, etc.) for 8-12 hours (e.g., 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, etc.).

[0028] In some embodiments, the macroporous resin is a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin. Preferably, the mass ratio of HPD-100 resin to HPD-400 resin is 1:2 to 2:1, such as 1:2, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 2:1, etc.

[0029] In some embodiments, the elution and purification are performed using pure water elution, and the effluent is collected.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the oral composition according to the first aspect in the preparation of products for anti-aging and regulation of immune homeostasis.

[0031] In some embodiments, the dosage form of the product includes tablets, powders, capsules, granules, etc.

[0032] In some embodiments, the product further contains excipients selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the following: carriers, fillers, flavoring agents, disintegrants, lubricants, binders, pH adjusters, and antioxidants.

[0033] In some embodiments, the filler includes any one or a combination of at least two of microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, mannitol, and lactose.

[0034] In some embodiments, the disintegrant includes any one or a combination of at least two of crospovidone, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose.

[0035] In some embodiments, the lubricant includes any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium stearate, silica, and talc.

[0036] In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, povidone K30, and starch paste.

[0037] In some embodiments, the composition is present in the product at a mass percentage of 3-20%, such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 18%, 20%, etc.

[0038] All other unlisted point values ​​within the numerical range involved in this invention can be selected and are all within the protection scope of this invention, and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] This invention creatively combines four active components—ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract—to construct a four-level maintenance system of "mitochondrial autophagy, anti-inflammatory protection, oxidative protection, and microbial regulation." The functions of each component work together and multiple pathways work in tandem to fundamentally improve the aging state of organs and enhance immunity in middle-aged and elderly people.

[0041] Urolithin A activates the mitophagy pathway, specifically recognizing and clearing aging and damaged mitochondria in liver and kidney cells and vascular endothelial cells, completing the "removal" step. Ginsenoside CK activates the AMPK pathway to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the number of healthy mitochondria, completing the "renewal" process. Both work synergistically in the mitochondrial quality control system: urolithin A clears damaged mitochondria, reducing ROS production and alleviating oxidative stress; ginsenoside CK promotes the formation of new mitochondria and inhibits inflammation, providing a favorable environment for mitochondrial renewal, forming a positive feedback loop of "autophagy clearance – biogenesis".

[0042] L-ergothionein specifically accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix via the OCTN1 transporter, directly scavenging highly toxic ROS produced within mitochondria, stabilizing the mitochondrial double membrane structure, and reducing new damage at its source; urolithin A clears existing damaged mitochondria. The two work in perfect synergy, "damage reduction + damage clearance," jointly maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

[0043] Reishi extract regulates the balance of intestinal flora, promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, improves intestinal barrier function, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation caused by endotoxins entering the bloodstream. It also improves the liver's metabolic environment through the gut-liver axis and regulates systemic immune homeostasis through the gut-immune axis, providing a favorable systemic metabolic and immune environment for the normal functioning of mitochondria. Simultaneously, beneficial intestinal bacteria can promote the intestinal transformation of ginsenoside CK and ellagitannins, enhancing their bioavailability.

[0044] This invention constructs a precise four-component compound system of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothionein and Ganoderma lucidum extract. The four components work synergistically from four levels: mitochondrial autophagy clearance, mitochondrial biogeneration, mitochondrial oxidative protection, and intestinal microenvironment support, to achieve anti-aging linkage regulation. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following describes the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0046] Preparation Example 1

[0047] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, as detailed below:

[0048] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum to 80 mesh, it is mixed with 80% ethanol aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 g / mL and refluxed twice for 1 h each time. The extract is filtered and the solid precipitate is collected.

[0049] (2) The solid precipitate was mixed with water at a ratio of 1:15 g / mL and subjected to ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. The ultrasonic power was 300 W, the water extraction temperature was 60℃, and the water extraction time was 50 min. The extract was centrifuged, the supernatant was collected, and the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure.

[0050] (3) Add 95% ethanol aqueous solution to the concentrate to a final concentration of 80%, let stand at 4℃ for 12 h, centrifuge, and collect the precipitate;

[0051] (4) After reconstitute the precipitate with water, elute it with water for 8 BV using macroporous resin (a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 1:1), collect the eluent, and obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0052] Preparation Example 2

[0053] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, as detailed below:

[0054] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum to 60 mesh, it was mixed with 85% ethanol aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:15 g / mL and refluxed twice for 1.5 h each time. The extract was filtered and the solid precipitate was collected.

[0055] (2) The solid precipitate was mixed with water at a ratio of 1:12 g / mL and subjected to ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. The ultrasonic power was 200 W, the water extraction temperature was 70℃, and the water extraction time was 60 min. The extract was centrifuged, the supernatant was collected, and the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure.

[0056] (3) Add 90% ethanol aqueous solution to the concentrate until the final concentration is 70%, let it stand at 4℃ for 12 h, centrifuge and collect the precipitate;

[0057] (4) After reconstitute the precipitate with water, elute it with macroporous resin (a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 2:1) for 8 BV, collect the eluent, and obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0058] Preparation Example 3

[0059] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, as detailed below:

[0060] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum to 40 mesh, it is mixed with 85% ethanol aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:15 g / mL and refluxed twice for 1.5 h each time. The extract is filtered and the solid precipitate is collected.

[0061] (2) Mix the solid precipitate with water at a ratio of 1:10 g / mL and perform ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. The ultrasonic power is 400 W, the water extraction temperature is 50℃, and the water extraction time is 45 min. Centrifuge the extract, collect the supernatant, and concentrate under reduced pressure.

[0062] (3) Add 90% ethanol aqueous solution to the concentrate until the final concentration is 70%, let it stand at 4℃ for 12 h, centrifuge and collect the precipitate;

[0063] (4) After reconstituted with water, the precipitate was eluted with water for 8 BV using macroporous resin (a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 1:2). The effluent was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0064] Preparation Example 4

[0065] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, the only difference between which is the preparation method and that of Preparation Example 1 is the absence of the alcohol extraction pretreatment in step (1), as follows:

[0066] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum to 80 mesh, it is mixed with water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 g / mL and subjected to ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. The ultrasonic power is 300 W, the water extraction temperature is 60℃, and the water extraction time is 50 min. The extract is centrifuged, the supernatant is collected, and the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure.

[0067] (2) Add 95% ethanol aqueous solution to the concentrate to a final concentration of 80%, let stand at 4℃ for 12 h, centrifuge, and collect the precipitate;

[0068] (3) After reconstituted with water, the precipitate was eluted with water for 8 BV using macroporous resin (a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 1:1), and the eluent was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0069] Preparation Example 5

[0070] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, the only difference between which is the preparation method and that of Preparation Example 1 is the absence of the ultrasonic-assisted treatment in step (2) and the extended water extraction time, as follows:

[0071] (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum to 80 mesh, it is mixed with 80% ethanol aqueous solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 g / mL and refluxed twice for 1 h each time. The extract is filtered and the solid precipitate is collected.

[0072] (2) Mix the solid precipitate with water at a ratio of 1:15 g / mL and perform water extraction. The water extraction temperature is 60℃ and the water extraction time is 90 min. Centrifuge the extract, collect the supernatant, and concentrate under reduced pressure.

[0073] (3) Add 95% ethanol aqueous solution to the concentrate to a final concentration of 80%, let stand at 4℃ for 12 h, centrifuge, and collect the precipitate;

[0074] (4) After reconstitute the precipitate with water, elute it with water for 8 BV using macroporous resin (a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 1:1), collect the eluent, and obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0075] Preparation Example 6

[0076] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, the preparation method of which differs from that of Preparation Example 1 only in that the macroporous resin used in step (4) is a single HPD-100 resin, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0077] Preparation Example 7

[0078] This preparation example provides a Ganoderma lucidum extract, the preparation method of which differs from that of Preparation Example 1 only in that the macroporous resin used in step (4) is a single HPD-400 resin, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] This embodiment provides a composition comprising, by weight parts, 2 parts of ginsenoside CK, 1.5 parts of urolithin A, 1 part of L-ergothioneine, and 8.5 parts of Ganoderma lucidum extract from Preparation Example 1.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] This embodiment provides a composition comprising, by weight parts, 3 parts of ginsenoside CK, 1 part of urolithin A, 1.5 parts of L-ergothioneine, and 6.5 parts of Ganoderma lucidum extract from Preparation Example 2.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] This embodiment provides a composition comprising, by weight parts, 1 part of ginsenoside CK, 2 parts of urolithin A, 0.5 parts of L-ergothioneine, and 12 parts of Ganoderma lucidum extract from Preparation Example 3.

[0085] Examples 4-7

[0086] This embodiment provides four compositions, which differ from Example 1 only in that the Ganoderma lucidum extract of Preparation Example 1 is replaced with the Ganoderma lucidum extracts of Preparation Examples 4-7 in equal parts by mass.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] This comparative example provides a composition that differs from Example 1 only in that it lacks ginsenoside CK, and its reduced mass fraction is proportionally allocated to the mass fractions of urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] This comparative example provides a composition that differs from Example 1 only in that it lacks urolithin A, and the reduced mass fraction of urolithin A is proportionally allocated to the mass fractions of ginsenoside CK, L-ergothionein, and Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] This comparative example provides a composition that differs from Example 1 only in that it lacks L-ergothioneine, with the reduced mass fraction proportionally allocated to the mass fractions of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, and Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0093] Comparative Example 4

[0094] This comparative example provides a composition that differs from Example 1 only in that it lacks Ganoderma lucidum extract, and its reduced mass fraction is proportionally allocated to the mass fractions of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, and L-ergothioneine.

[0095] Application examples

[0096] This application example provides a tablet with the following formulation (based on 100% of total mass): 13% of the composition of Example 1, 4% disintegrant (sodium carboxymethyl starch), 3% binder (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), 0.3% lubricant (magnesium stearate, 0.5% talc), and the balance being filler (1:1 maltodextrin and microcrystalline cellulose).

[0097] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0098] The formulated amounts of ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract were passed through an 80-mesh sieve and set aside. Each active component was mixed with filler and disintegrant for 20 min, and then binder was added to form a soft mass, which was then granulated by passing through a 20-mesh sieve. The wet granules were dried at 55℃, and the dry granules were granulated by passing through a 20-mesh sieve. After adding lubricant and mixing for 20 min, the mixture was compressed into tablets to obtain the final product.

[0099] Test case

[0100] This test case investigates the effects of the compositions of the examples and comparative examples on the improvement of aging model mice:

[0101] (1) Experimental animals: Female SPF-grade Kunming mice, 20 months or 6 months old, free from specific pathogens. These mice were provided with standard laboratory diet and water and housed in an SPF-grade laboratory with room temperature maintained at 23±1°C and humidity at 50%±5%, following a 12h light / dark cycle.

[0102] (2) Animal grouping and intervention: After 1 week of adaptive feeding of mice as described above, the mice were randomly divided into 13 groups (6 mice in each group): young control group (6-month-old mice, fed with normal feed), old control group (20-month-old mice, fed with normal feed), and experimental groups 1-11 (20-month-old mice, fed with normal feed + fed with the combination of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4 at 200mg / kg body weight / day respectively), and the intervention was continued for 40 days.

[0103] (3) Indicator Evaluation:

[0104] (3.1) Antioxidant index analysis:

[0105] Mouse livers were removed, rinsed with enzyme-free nucleic acid water, and then homogenized to 10% (w / v) concentration using sterile 0.9% saline solution. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured using commercially available kits to assess liver antioxidant capacity. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase are important indicators for evaluating liver antioxidant capacity.

[0106] The results are shown in Table 1 (presented as averages).

[0107] Table 1

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 1, compared with the young control group, the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of aged control mice were significantly reduced, indicating that aging in mice leads to decreased Nrf2 pathway activity, mitochondrial damage, reduced antioxidant enzyme synthesis, and increased degradation.

[0110] Compared with the compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4, the present invention combines four active components: ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract. The synergistic effect of these four components enhances the composition's efficacy in improving the antioxidant capacity of mouse liver. A comparison of the results of Example 1 with Examples 4-7 shows that the preparation process of the Ganoderma lucidum extract also affects the aforementioned efficacy to some extent.

[0111] (3.2) Serum anti-inflammatory factor analysis:

[0112] Blood was collected from the orbital cavity of mice and incubated at 25°C for 2 h. The samples were then centrifuged at 2000×g for 10 min, and the supernatant was used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical analysis. The levels of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were quantitatively detected using a mouse-specific ELISA kit.

[0113] The results are shown in Table 2 (presented as averages).

[0114] Table 2

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 2, compared with the young control group, the serum levels of inflammatory factors in the aged control group mice were significantly increased, indicating that aging in mice is accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue, and that hepatocyte damage, lipofuscin accumulation, and oxidative stress jointly promote the release of pro-inflammatory factors.

[0117] Compared with the compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4, the present invention combines four active components: ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract. The synergistic effect of these four components enhances the efficacy of the composition in increasing the level of serum inflammatory factors in mice. A comparison of the results of Example 1 with Examples 4-7 shows that the preparation process of the Ganoderma lucidum extract also affects the aforementioned efficacy to some extent.

[0118] (3.3) Analysis of immune organ indices:

[0119] After the experiment, the victim was euthanized by dislocation, and the thymus was harvested, weighed, and the thymus index was calculated.

[0120] The results are shown in Table 3 (presented as averages).

[0121] Table 3

[0122]

[0123] As shown in Table 3, compared with the young control group, the thymus index of the aged control group mice was significantly reduced, indicating that aging causes extensive fatty degeneration of the thymus, significant atrophy of the parenchyma, negative impact on immune function, weakened function of CD4⁺ helper T cells, decreased killing ability of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells, and imbalance in the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

[0124] Compared with the compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4, this invention combines four active components: ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothioneine, and Ganoderma lucidum extract. The synergistic effect of these four components enhances the composition's efficacy in increasing the thymus index and regulating immune homeostasis in mice. A comparison of the results of Example 1 with Examples 4-7 shows that the preparation process of the Ganoderma lucidum extract also affects the exertion of the aforementioned efficacy to some extent.

[0125] The applicant declares that the technical solution of this invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that this invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this invention, equivalent substitutions of raw materials for the products of this invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of this invention.

[0126] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0127] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

Claims

1. An oral composition for anti-aging and regulating immune homeostasis based on a three-hub longevity axis, characterized in that, The composition includes ginsenoside CK, urolithin A, L-ergothionein and Ganoderma lucidum extract.

2. The oral composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition comprises, by weight parts, 0.2-3 parts of ginsenoside CK, 0.1-2 parts of urolithin A, 0.1-1.5 parts of L-ergothioneine, and 3-12 parts of Ganoderma lucidum extract.

3. The oral composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ganoderma lucidum extract is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (1) After drying and pulverizing the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, mix it with an ethanol aqueous solution and reflux it. Separate the solid and liquid components of the extract and collect the solid precipitate. (2) Mix the solid precipitate with water and perform ultrasonic-assisted water extraction. Separate the solid and liquid components of the extract, collect the supernatant, and concentrate it under reduced pressure. (3) The concentrate is subjected to alcohol precipitation, solid-liquid separation, and the precipitate is collected; (4) The precipitate was eluted and purified using macroporous resin to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

4. The oral composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material is pulverized to 40-80 mesh particles; And / or, the ratio of the dried pulverized Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1:(8-15) g / mL; And / or, the ethanol concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 75-85%; And / or, the reflux process is performed 1-3 times, each time for 1-1.5 hours.

5. The oral composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solid precipitate and water have a feed-to-liquid ratio of 1:(8-15) g / mL; And / or, the ultrasonic power is 200-400 W, the water extraction temperature is 50-70℃, and the water extraction time is 30-60 min.

6. The oral composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The alcohol precipitation process involves adding 90-95% ethanol aqueous solution to a final volume concentration of 70-80%, and then allowing it to stand at 2-8℃ for 8-12 hours. And / or, the macroporous resin is a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin.

7. The oral composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The macroporous resin is a mixture of HPD-100 resin and HPD-400 resin in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 2:

1. And / or, the elution and purification are performed using pure water elution, and the effluent is collected.

8. Use of the oral composition according to any one of claims 1-7 in the preparation of products for anti-aging and regulation of immune homeostasis.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The product also contains excipients, which are selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the following: carriers, fillers, flavoring agents, disintegrants, lubricants, binders, pH adjusters, and antioxidants.

10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The composition constitutes 3-20% by mass in the product.

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