A natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis coupled hybrid hydrogen production system

Abstract

This application discloses a hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis, including a control system, a premixing chamber, a damper, an injection ring, an atomizing nozzle, a solenoid valve, an oxygen concentration sensor, and a PEM electrolysis device. The control system drives a cross-sectional adjustment mechanism to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channels based on the oxygen concentration signal. Simultaneously, it adjusts the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid via a drive shaft to generate high- and low-speed mixing zones within the premixing chamber. Simultaneously, a gear set rotates the atomizing nozzle at a 1:2 transmission ratio, and a differential screw drives an opening adjustment component to generate nonlinear displacement. The control system controls the injection ring opening and damper position to achieve dynamic balance. Based on changes in the damper position, the control system drives an adjusting nut to change the preload of the pre-compression spring assembly within the solenoid valve, matching the opening delay with pressure fluctuations. This application improves gas mixing uniformity and response matching through flow field reconstruction and coordinated adjustment, thereby enhancing overall hydrogen production efficiency and operational stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen production technology, specifically a hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam reforming with PEM electrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] Natural gas steam reforming and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis are two important pathways for industrial hydrogen production. Natural gas steam reforming boasts high capacity and low cost, while PEM electrolysis offers advantages such as rapid response and adaptability to fluctuating renewable energy inputs. Combining these two technologies to construct a hybrid hydrogen production system, through the coupling of energy and material flow, can comprehensively improve hydrogen production efficiency and optimize carbon emissions, representing a fundamental direction for the development of large-scale hydrogen production systems.

[0003] In existing hybrid hydrogen production systems, natural gas and high-temperature steam typically need to be premixed in a premixing device before being transported to the reactor for reforming. Simultaneously, the system often requires intervention in the flow rate and proportion of the medium, taking into account the operating status of the PEM electrolysis unit. This multi-gas-source synergistic process is highly dependent on the uniform mixing during the premixing stage before the gases enter the reforming reactor. Traditional premixing devices generally employ fixed-section channels and static injection devices, relying primarily on the initial kinetic energy of the fluid itself and the physical obstruction of the fixed pipeline to achieve the physical mixing of natural gas and steam.

[0004] However, existing hybrid hydrogen production systems suffer from poor gas mixing uniformity during variable operating conditions. Because hybrid systems need to dynamically adjust the natural gas to steam ratio based on the real-time hydrogen production load of the PEM electrolysis unit or fluctuations in external energy, the pressure and velocity within the premixing equipment are constantly changing. Traditional fixed-structure premixing equipment lacks the ability to dynamically intervene in the internal flow field, and cannot adjust the flow channel cross-section or turbulence intensity according to flow rate changes. Simultaneously, the fixed-angle injectors prevent the steam injection trajectory from changing with operating conditions, making it difficult to dynamically track strong turbulent regions within the flow field. This mismatch between the static physical structure and the dynamic airflow field leads to the formation of velocity blind zones or localized concentration deviations under non-rated operating conditions, resulting in uneven mixing and consequently reducing the conversion rate of the downstream natural gas-steam conversion reaction and the overall operational stability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam conversion with PEM electrolysis, which solves the problems of poor gas mixing uniformity and lag in dynamic response between the gas supply end and the output end of the PEM electrolysis device when the existing system is operating under varying conditions, making precise matching difficult.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis, comprising: a control system, a premixing chamber, a damper, an injection ring, an atomizing nozzle, a solenoid valve, an oxygen concentration sensor, and a PEM electrolysis device.

[0007] The premixing chamber is a layered spiral chamber, cylindrical in shape. An air damper is installed at the inlet end of the premixing chamber. An injection ring, also annular, is fitted within the middle section of the premixing chamber. A solenoid valve is connected to the outlet end of the premixing chamber. The PEM electrolysis unit is located on one side of the premixing chamber outlet end. An oxygen concentration sensor is installed near the PEM electrolysis unit. The control system is connected to the air damper, premixing chamber, injection ring, solenoid valve, and oxygen concentration sensor.

[0008] The premixing chamber contains multiple spirally extending layered channels arranged axially. These channels are divided into upper, middle, and lower layers, with micro-turbulence grids installed on their inner walls. These micro-turbulence grids are further divided into a first grid group, a second grid group, and a third grid group, evenly distributed along the circumference of each layered channel. The micro-turbulence grids are connected to a cross-section adjustment mechanism via embedded drive rods. This mechanism includes a sliding wedge and a guide groove. The embedded drive rods receive commands from the control system and generate axial displacement, pushing the sliding wedge within the guide groove to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channels, thus creating high- and low-speed mixing zones within the premixing chamber.

[0009] The system also includes a drive shaft and a gear set, which comprises a driving gear and a driven gear. The driving gear is fixed to the drive shaft of the micro-turbulence grid, and the driven gear is fixed to the rotating shaft of the rotatable annular support that carries the atomizing nozzle. The transmission ratio between the driving gear and the driven gear is set to 1:2. The rotation of the micro-turbulence grid drives the drive shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gear and the annular support to rotate synchronously through gear meshing. This ensures that the rotation angle of the annular support is twice the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid, and the spray angle of the atomizing nozzle can be adjusted from zero to ninety degrees.

[0010] The damper is connected to a linear drive mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism for the injection ring opening uses a differential screw with different pitches at both ends, with the pitch at the first end of the differential screw being greater than that at the second end. A stepper motor in the control system controls the rotation of the differential screw, causing the opening adjustment component connected to the air inlet to produce a non-linear displacement.

[0011] The solenoid valve has an internal receiving chamber. Inside this chamber, multiple conical, thin disc springs are stacked and connected in series along the axial direction, forming a pre-compression spring assembly. The pressure output module of the control system is connected to an adjusting nut at the end of the valve body, driving the adjusting nut to rotate and tighten the pre-compression spring assembly, thus changing the preload.

[0012] The machine learning module inside the control system receives oxygen concentration signals from the oxygen concentration sensor. The trigger condition of the oxygen concentration sensor is set to a multi-level threshold mode, and the output signal is divided into a first interval, a second interval, and a third interval. The control system drives different groups of micro-turbulence grids to adjust their angles according to the interval in which the output signal is located. At the same time, the control system monitors the deviation between the oxygen utilization rate of the PEM electrolysis unit and the mixing efficiency of the premixing chamber, and adjusts the speed of the stepper motor in real time. The rotational speed of the linear drive mechanism and the differential screw forms a composite adjustment curve. The control system controls the opening degree of the injection ring and the position of the damper to achieve dynamic balance according to the composite adjustment curve, and simultaneously adjusts the preload of the pre-compression spring group inside the solenoid valve so that the opening delay of the solenoid valve matches the pressure fluctuations in the premixing chamber.

[0013] This application provides a hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam reforming with PEM electrolysis. It offers the following advantages:

[0014] 1. This application combines the change of the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel by sliding wedges with the adjustment of the angle of the multi-level micro-turbulence grid to generate a high- and low-speed mixing zone inside the premixing chamber. A gear set with a 1:2 transmission ratio is used to make the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle and the grid angle of the micro-turbulence grid form a mechanical linkage, thereby realizing the enhanced mixing of natural gas and water vapor.

[0015] 2. This application utilizes a structure with different pitches at both ends of a differential screw to convert the rotation of the stepper motor into the nonlinear displacement of the injection ring opening adjustment component. The control system integrates the relationship between the damper position and the injection ring opening, and controls the injection ring opening and damper position to form a dynamic balance based on the composite adjustment curve, ensuring that the mixing ratio of natural gas and water vapor matches the oxygen demand of the PEM electrolysis unit.

[0016] 3. This application incorporates a pre-compression spring assembly consisting of disc springs arranged in series inside the solenoid valve. When the position of the damper changes, the pressure output module calculates the rotation angle of the adjusting nut based on the change in damper position and drives it to rotate, changing the preload. This ensures that the opening delay time of the solenoid valve and the phase difference between the pressure fluctuation in the premixing chamber are kept within ten milliseconds, forming a dynamic coupling chain for oxygen utilization in the PEM electrolysis unit. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of the hybrid hydrogen production system of this application; Figure 2 This is an axial sectional view of the premixing cavity in this application; Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the turbulence grid and atomizing nozzle of this application; Figure 4 This is a side view of the adjustment mechanism of the injection ring and damper in this application; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the structure of the solenoid valve of this application.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Control system; 2. Premixing chamber; 3. Damper; 4. Injection ring; 5. Atomizing nozzle; 6. Solenoid valve; 7. Oxygen concentration sensor; 8. PEM electrolysis device; 21. Miniature turbulence grid; 22. Layered channel; 23. Embedded drive rod; 24. Cross-section adjustment mechanism; 25. Drive shaft; 31. Linear drive mechanism; 41. Differential screw; 42. Opening adjustment component; 43. Air inlet; 44. Stepper motor; 51. Ring bracket; 52. Gear set; 53. Rotating shaft; 61. Valve body; 62. Pre-compression spring set; 63. Adjusting nut; 64. Pressure output module; 211. First grid group; 212. Second grid group; 213. Third grid group; 241. Sliding wedge; 242. Guide groove; 521. Driving gear; 522. Driven gear; 621. Disc spring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This application provides a hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis, including: a control system 1, a premixing chamber 2, a damper 3, an injection ring 4, an atomizing nozzle 5, a solenoid valve 6, an oxygen concentration sensor 7, and a PEM electrolysis device 8.

[0021] The premixing chamber 2 is a layered spiral chamber, cylindrical in shape, extending horizontally from the left inlet to the right outlet. A damper 3 is installed at the inlet of the premixing chamber 2 and connected to a linear drive mechanism 31. An injection ring 4, with an annular structure, is fitted in the middle section of the premixing chamber 2. The injection ring 4 is connected to a differential screw 41, which in turn is connected to a stepper motor 44. A solenoid valve 6 is connected to the outlet of the premixing chamber 2 and contains a pre-compression spring assembly 62, an adjusting nut 63, and a pressure output module 64. A PEM electrolysis device 8 is located on the right side of the outlet of the premixing chamber 2, and an oxygen concentration sensor 7 is installed near the PEM electrolysis device 8. The control system 1 is located at the top center of the premixing chamber 2 and is connected to the damper 3, the premixing chamber 2, the injection ring 4, the solenoid valve 6, and the oxygen concentration sensor 7 via cables. The various hardware components of the system are physically connected via pipes, flanges, or cables. The premixing chamber 2 has multiple spirally extending layered channels 22 arranged axially inside. The inner wall of the layered channels 22 is equipped with micro-turbulence grids 21. The micro-turbulence grids 21 are connected to a gear set 52 via a drive shaft 25. The gear set 52 is connected to a rotatable annular support 51 that supports the atomizing nozzle 5. The micro-turbulence grids 21 are also connected to a cross-section adjustment mechanism 24 via an embedded drive rod 23.

[0022] Oxygen concentration sensor 7 monitors the oxygen concentration signal during the operation of PEM electrolysis unit 8 in real time and feeds the oxygen concentration signal back to control system 1. A machine learning module is incorporated into control system 1, which outputs grid angle adjustment commands based on the trigger signal from oxygen concentration sensor 7.

[0023] The embedded drive rod 23 generates axial displacement in response to the command of the control system 1, which pushes the cross-section adjustment mechanism 24 to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel 22; the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid 21 is adjusted by the independent drive shaft 25 receiving the command of the control system.

[0024] When the micro-turbulence grid 21 adjusts its rotation angle via the drive shaft 25, the drive shaft 25 drives the gear set 52 to drive the annular support 51 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the annular support 51 causes the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle 5 to be linked with the grid angle of the micro-turbulence grid 21, thereby enhancing the mixing of natural gas and water vapor.

[0025] Control system 1 integrates the relationship between the position of damper 3 and the opening of injection ring 4. Stepper motor 44 drives differential screw 41 to rotate to adjust the opening of injection ring 4, while linear drive mechanism 31 adjusts the position of damper 3. The rotational speeds of linear drive mechanism 31 and differential screw 41 form a composite adjustment curve. Control system 1 monitors the deviation between the oxygen utilization rate of PEM electrolysis unit 8 and the mixing efficiency of premixing chamber 2, and adjusts the rotational speed of differential screw 41 in real time to achieve a dynamic balance between the opening of injection ring 4 and the position of damper 3.

[0026] When the position of damper 3 changes, control system 1 synchronously adjusts the preload of the pre-compression spring assembly 62 within solenoid valve 6. Pressure output module 64 drives adjusting nut 63 based on pressure parameters output by control system 1, changing the preload of the pre-compression spring assembly 62 so that the opening delay of solenoid valve 6 matches the pressure fluctuations within premixing chamber 2. The algorithm of control system 1 drives the corresponding actuator by outputting control commands, adjusting the response speed of solenoid valve 6 and the internal flow channel structure parameters of premixing chamber 2, forming a dynamic coupling chain for oxygen utilization in PEM electrolysis unit 8.

[0027] Please see Figure 2 The premixing chamber 2 and its internal structure in the hybrid hydrogen production system coupled with natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis include: a layered channel 22, a micro-turbulence grid 21, a cross-section adjustment mechanism 24, and an embedded drive rod 23.

[0028] The premixing chamber 2 has multiple layered channels 22 arranged axially along its spiral cavity, with the cross-sectional area of ​​each layered channel 22 varying in a gradient. The layered channels 22 are divided into upper, middle, and lower channels. A micro-turbulence grid 21 is installed on the inner wall of each layered channel 22. The micro-turbulence grid 21 is connected to the cross-section adjustment mechanism 24 via an embedded drive rod 23.

[0029] The cross-sectional adjustment mechanism 24 includes a sliding wedge 241 and a guide groove 242. The sliding wedge 241 is mounted on the side wall of the layered channel 22, and the guide groove 242 is arranged along the axial direction of the layered channel 22. The embedded drive rod 23 receives a command from the control system 1 and generates axial displacement, thereby pushing the sliding wedge 241 to slide within the guide groove 242. Moving the sliding wedge 241 inward reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel 22, while moving it outward increases the cross-sectional area. The control system 1 calculates the moving distance of the sliding wedge 241 based on the signal fed back from the oxygen concentration sensor 7.

[0030] The micro-turbulence grid 21 is divided into a first grid group 211, a second grid group 212, and a third grid group 213. The first grid group 211 is distributed in the upper channel of the premixing cavity 2, the second grid group 212 is distributed in the middle channel of the premixing cavity 2, and the third grid group 213 is distributed in the lower channel of the premixing cavity 2. The first grid group 211, the second grid group 212, and the third grid group 213 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the layered channel 22.

[0031] The first grid group 211 has 8 grids, and its grid angle adjustment range is 0 to 45 degrees. The second grid group 212 has 12 grids, and its grid angle adjustment range is 0 to 60 degrees. The third grid group 213 has 16 grids, and its grid angle adjustment range is 0 to 75 degrees.

[0032] The oxygen concentration sensor 7 is equipped with a temperature compensation module. The triggering condition of the oxygen concentration sensor 7 is set to a multi-level threshold mode, and the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor 7 is divided into a first interval, a second interval, and a third interval. The control system 1 drives different groups of micro-turbulence grids 21 according to the interval in which the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor 7 is located.

[0033] When the output signal of oxygen concentration sensor 7 is in the first interval, control system 1 drives the first grid group 211 to adjust its angle. When the output signal of oxygen concentration sensor 7 is in the second interval, control system 1 simultaneously drives the first grid group 211 and the second grid group 212 to adjust their angles. When the output signal of oxygen concentration sensor 7 is in the third interval, control system 1 drives the first grid group 211, the second grid group 212, and the third grid group 213 to adjust their angles. Inside the premixing chamber 2, high- and low-speed mixing zones are generated due to the displacement of the sliding wedge 241, achieving gradient optimization of mixing efficiency through different levels of flow field distribution.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 The atomizing nozzle linkage structure in the hybrid hydrogen production system coupled with natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis includes: atomizing nozzle 5, micro-turbulence grid 21, drive shaft 25, annular support 51, gear set 52, and rotating shaft 53.

[0035] The atomizing nozzle 5 is mounted on a rotatable annular support 51. The gear set 52 includes a driving gear 521 and a driven gear 522. The gear set 52 uses helical gears to reduce noise. The driving gear 521 is fixed to the drive shaft 25 of the micro-turbulence grid 21. The driven gear 522 is fixed to the rotating shaft 53 of the annular support 51. The annular support 51 is connected to the drive shaft 25 of the micro-turbulence grid 21 via the gear set 52.

[0036] The transmission ratio between the driving gear 521 and the driven gear 522 is set to 1:2, so that the rotation angle of the annular support 51 is twice the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid 21. The spray angle adjustment range of the atomizing nozzle 5 is 0 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0037] When the oxygen concentration sensor 7 triggers the conversion, the control system 1 drives the micro-turbulence grid 21 to rotate and adjust its angle. The rotation of the micro-turbulence grid 21 causes the drive shaft 25 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the drive shaft 25 causes the drive gear 521 to rotate. The drive gear 521 drives the driven gear 522 to rotate through gear meshing. The driven gear 522 drives the rotating shaft 53 to rotate, which in turn drives the annular support 51 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the annular support 51 causes the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle 5 to be linked with the grid angle of the micro-turbulence grid 21, thereby achieving enhanced mixing.

[0038] Please see Figure 4The composite adjustment mechanism of the injection ring and damper in the hybrid hydrogen production system coupled with natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis includes: injection ring 4, damper 3, differential screw 41, opening adjustment component 42, linear drive mechanism 31, and stepper motor 44.

[0039] The adjustment mechanism for the opening of injection ring 4 uses a differential screw 41. The two ends of the differential screw 41 have different pitches, with the pitch at the first end being greater than that at the second end. The pitch at the first end of the differential screw 41 is 5 mm, and the pitch at the second end is 3 mm.

[0040] Stepper motor 44 controls the rotation speed of differential screw 41, with the speed adjustment range of stepper motor 44 being 10 revolutions per minute to 100 revolutions per minute. Differential screw 41 drives the opening adjustment component 42 of injection ring 4 to generate a non-linear displacement through rotation. Opening adjustment component 42 is the airflow adjustment component of injection ring 4, linked to the flange of air inlet 43 of injection ring 4. When differential screw 41 rotates, opening adjustment component 42 generates a non-linear displacement, changing the effective flow area of ​​air inlet 43 and adjusting the gas injection flow rate.

[0041] In other alternative embodiments, a hydraulic drive can be used instead of the stepper motor 44 to drive the differential screw 41 to further enhance the adjustment accuracy.

[0042] The position of damper 3 is adjusted using a linear drive mechanism 31. The rotational speeds of the linear drive mechanism 31 and the differential screw 41 form a composite adjustment curve. The machine learning module inside the control system 1 generates optimized parameters for the composite adjustment curve through training on historical data. These optimized parameters include the initial rotation angle and acceleration curve of the differential screw 41.

[0043] Control system 1 monitors the deviation between the oxygen utilization rate of PEM electrolysis unit 8 and the mixing efficiency of premixing chamber 2. Control system 1 adjusts the speed of stepper motor 44 in real time according to the deviation value, thereby changing the rotation speed of differential screw 41.

[0044] The control system 1 uses the above adjustment method to control the opening of the injection ring 4 and the position of the damper 3 to form a dynamic balance, ensuring that the mixing ratio of natural gas and water vapor matches the oxygen demand of the PEM electrolysis unit 8.

[0045] Please see Figure 5 In the hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis, the solenoid valve 6 has an overall cylindrical structure and includes: valve body 61, pre-compression spring assembly 62, adjusting nut 63, and pressure output module 64.

[0046] The valve body 61 is a cylindrical shell with an internal receiving chamber. A pre-compression spring assembly 62 is disposed within this chamber. The pre-compression spring assembly 62 comprises multiple conical disc springs 621. These disc springs 621 are stacked axially and arranged in series within the valve body 61, achieving preload accumulation through this series arrangement.

[0047] The adjusting nut 63 is a spring preload adjustment component for the solenoid valve 6. It is a hexagonal threaded component, threaded to the end of the valve body 61. The preload of the disc spring 621 is adjusted by rotating and compressing / releasing the adjusting nut 63, thereby changing the valve core opening pressure threshold and matching the pressure fluctuations in the premixing chamber. The adjusting nut 63 is connected to the pressure output module 64 of the control system 1, and the preload of the pre-compression spring assembly 62 is controlled by the pressure parameters output by the control system 1.

[0048] When the position of damper 3 changes, control system 1 synchronously adjusts the preload of pre-compression spring assembly 62. Pressure output module 64 calculates the rotation angle of adjusting nut 63 based on the change in damper 3's position. Pressure output module 64 drives adjusting nut 63 to rotate, tightening and compressing pre-compression spring assembly 62, generating preload to control the opening and closing of solenoid valve 6, achieving rapid response. The series-arranged disc springs 621 enhance elastic recovery, ensuring the response speed of solenoid valve 6 matches changes in system oxygen concentration.

[0049] The rotation of adjusting nut 63 ensures that the opening delay of solenoid valve 6 matches the pressure fluctuations within premixing chamber 2. The phase difference between the opening delay of solenoid valve 6 and the pressure fluctuations within premixing chamber 2 is maintained within 10 milliseconds.

[0050] The response speed of the solenoid valve 6 and the internal flow channel structure parameters of the premixing chamber 2 are both controlled by the internal algorithm of the control system 1, which outputs control commands and drives the corresponding actuators for adjustment.

[0051] Combination Figures 1-5 The integrated working process of a hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis includes: First, oxygen concentration sensor 7 monitors the oxygen concentration output by PEM electrolysis unit 8. The trigger condition for oxygen concentration sensor 7 is set to a multi-level threshold mode. Oxygen concentration sensor 7 transmits the monitored oxygen concentration signal to control system 1. The machine learning module inside control system 1 receives the oxygen concentration signal and outputs corresponding grid angle adjustment commands according to the interval in which the oxygen concentration signal is located.

[0052] When the output signal of oxygen concentration sensor 7 is in the first interval, corresponding to a low oxygen concentration, control system 1 only drives the first grid group 211 to adjust its angle to the range of 0 to 45 degrees, forming upper-layer mixing and prioritizing upper-layer turbulence. When the output signal is in the second interval, control system 1 simultaneously drives the first grid group 211 and the second grid group 212 to adjust their angles. When the output signal is in the third interval, corresponding to a high oxygen concentration, control system 1 drives the first grid group 211, the second grid group 212, and the third grid group 213 to adjust their angles, performing full-layer adjustment. The premixing chamber 2 optimizes the flow field distribution through the above-mentioned partitioned mixing mode, gradient-optimized mixing efficiency, and reduces energy loss.

[0053] When the control system 1 outputs a grid angle adjustment command, the embedded drive rod 23 pushes the cross-sectional adjustment mechanism 24 to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel 22 in the premixing chamber 2. Simultaneously, the drive shaft 25 of the micro-turbulence grid 21 drives the gear set 52 to rotate. The gear set 52, in conjunction with the annular bracket 51, rotates synchronously, changing the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle 5 mounted on the annular bracket 51. The spray direction of the atomizing nozzle 5 and the grid angle of the micro-turbulence grid 21 form a mechanical linkage, achieving enhanced mixing.

[0054] The machine learning module introduced in control system 1 generates optimized parameters for the composite adjustment curve based on historical data. These optimized parameters include the initial rotation angle and acceleration curve of the differential screw 41, ensuring the adaptability of the hybrid hydrogen production system coupled with natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis under different operating conditions. Control system 1 monitors the deviation between the oxygen utilization rate of the PEM electrolysis unit 8 and the mixing efficiency of the premixing chamber 2 in real time. Control system 1 adjusts the speed of stepper motor 44 based on the deviation. Stepper motor 44 drives the differential screw 41 to rotate, adjusting the opening of the injection ring 4. Linear drive mechanism 31 adjusts the position of damper 3. The position of damper 3 and the opening of injection ring 4 achieve a dynamic balance through the composite adjustment curve.

[0055] When the position of damper 3 changes, control system 1 drives the adjusting nut 63 inside solenoid valve 6 to rotate. Adjusting nut 63 changes the preload of pre-compression spring assembly 62 inside solenoid valve 6. The change in preload makes the response speed of solenoid valve 6 match the pressure fluctuations inside premixing chamber 2.

[0056] The above control process ultimately optimizes the coupling of natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis, forming a dynamic coupling chain, improving the oxygen utilization rate of PEM electrolysis unit 8, and enhancing the hydrogen production efficiency and stability of the hybrid hydrogen production system that couples natural gas steam conversion and PEM electrolysis.

[0057] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis coupled hybrid hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: The control system (1), premixing chamber (2), damper (3), injection ring (4), atomizing nozzle (5), solenoid valve (6), oxygen concentration sensor (7), and PEM electrolysis device (8); The premixing chamber (2) is a layered spiral chamber, and the whole is cylindrical. The damper (3) is installed at the inlet end of the premixing chamber (2). The injection ring (4) is annular and sleeved in the middle section of the premixing chamber (2). The solenoid valve (6) is connected to the outlet end of the premixing chamber (2). The PEM electrolysis device (8) is arranged on one side of the outlet end of the premixing chamber (2). The oxygen concentration sensor (7) is installed near the PEM electrolysis device (8). The control system (1) is connected to the damper (3), the premixing chamber (2), the injection ring (4), the solenoid valve (6) and the oxygen concentration sensor (7) respectively. The premixing chamber (2) is provided with multiple spirally extended layered channels (22) inside. The inner wall of the layered channels (22) is equipped with a micro-turbulence grid (21). The micro-turbulence grid (21) is connected to the rotatable ring bracket (51) that carries the atomizing nozzle (5) through the drive shaft (25), and is also connected to the cross-section adjustment mechanism (24) through the embedded drive rod (23). The machine learning module inside the control system (1) receives the oxygen concentration signal from the oxygen concentration sensor (7), changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel (22) through the drive section adjustment mechanism (24), and adjusts the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid (21) through the drive shaft (25); when the micro-turbulence grid (21) adjusts the rotation angle, it drives the annular support (51) to rotate synchronously to change the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle (5) in conjunction. The control system (1) controls the opening degree of the injection ring (4) to form a dynamic balance with the position of the damper (3), and simultaneously adjusts the pre-tightening force inside the solenoid valve (6) so that the opening delay of the solenoid valve (6) matches the pressure fluctuation inside the premixing chamber (2).

2. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section adjustment mechanism (24) receives driving commands via an embedded drive rod (23); the rotation of the micro-spoiler grid (21) is driven by an independent drive shaft (25); the cross-section adjustment mechanism (24) includes a sliding wedge (241) and a guide groove (242), the sliding wedge (241) is mounted on the side wall of the layered channel (22), and the guide groove (242) is arranged along the axial direction of the layered channel (22); The embedded drive rod (23) receives the command from the control system (1) and generates displacement in the axial direction, pushing the sliding wedge (241) to slide in the guide groove (242); the sliding wedge (241) moves inward to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel (22), and the sliding wedge (241) moves outward to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the layered channel (22), so as to generate a high- and low-speed mixing zone inside the premixing chamber (2).

3. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The layered channel (22) is divided into an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel; the micro-turbulence grid (21) is divided into a first grid group (211), a second grid group (212) and a third grid group (213), which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the layered channel (22); The first grid group (211) is distributed in the upper channel of the premixing cavity (2), with eight grids and a grid angle adjustment range of 0-45°; The second grid group (212) is distributed in the middle channel of the premixing cavity (2), with twelve grids and a grid angle adjustment range of 0-60°; The third grid group (213) is distributed in the lower channel of the premixing cavity (2), with a grid number of sixteen and a grid angle adjustment range of 0-75°.

4. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The triggering condition of the oxygen concentration sensor (7) is set to a multi-level threshold mode, and the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor (7) is divided into a first interval, a second interval and a third interval; When the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor (7) is in the first interval, the control system (1) drives only the first grid group (211) to adjust the angle; when the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor (7) is in the second interval, the control system (1) drives the first grid group (211) and the second grid group (212) to adjust the angle simultaneously; when the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor (7) is in the third interval, the control system (1) drives the first grid group (211), the second grid group (212) and the third grid group (213) to adjust the angle.

5. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive shaft (25) and a gear set (52), the gear set (52) including a driving gear (521) and a driven gear (522). The driving gear (521) is fixed on the drive shaft (25) of the micro-turbulence grid (21), and the driven gear (522) is fixed on the rotation shaft (53) of the annular bracket (51). The annular bracket (51) is connected to the drive shaft (25) of the micro-turbulence grid (21) through the gear set (52). The rotation of the micro-turbulence grid (21) drives the drive shaft (25) to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the drive shaft (25) drives the active gear (521) to rotate. Through gear meshing, the driven gear (522) and the rotating shaft (53) are driven to rotate, thereby driving the annular support (51) to rotate synchronously.

6. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gear set (52) adopts helical gears; the transmission ratio between the driving gear (521) and the driven gear (522) is set to 1:2, so that the rotation angle of the annular support (51) is twice the rotation angle of the micro-turbulence grid (21); the atomizing nozzle (5) rotates with the annular support (51), and the spray angle adjustment range of the atomizing nozzle (5) is from zero to ninety degrees.

7. The hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damper (3) is connected to a linear drive mechanism (31), and the injection ring (4) is connected to a differential screw (41) and a stepper motor (44). The opening adjustment mechanism of the injection ring (4) adopts the differential screw (41). The differential screw (41) has different pitches at its two ends, with the pitch at the first end of the differential screw (41) being greater than that at the second end. The differential screw (41) drives the opening adjustment component (42) of the injection ring (4) to generate a nonlinear displacement through rotation. The opening adjustment component (42) is an air intake flow adjustment component of the injection ring, which is linked with the baffle of the air inlet (43) of the injection ring (4). By changing the effective flow area of ​​the air inlet through displacement, the gas injection flow rate is adjusted. When the differential screw (41) rotates, the displacement of the opening adjustment component (42) changes nonlinearly with the rotation angle of the differential screw (41).

8. A hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stepper motor (44) controls the rotational speed of the differential screw (41); The control system (1) monitors the deviation between the oxygen utilization rate of the PEM electrolysis device (8) and the mixing efficiency of the premixing chamber (2), and adjusts the speed of the stepper motor (44) in real time; the rotational speed of the linear drive mechanism (31) and the differential screw (41) form a composite adjustment curve, and the control system (1) controls the opening of the injection ring (4) and the position of the damper (3) to form a dynamic balance according to the composite adjustment curve.

9. A hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solenoid valve (6) has an overall cylindrical structure and includes: valve body (61), pre-compression spring assembly (62), adjusting nut (63) and pressure output module (64). The valve body (61) has an internal receiving chamber, and the pre-compression spring assembly (62) is disposed in the receiving chamber inside the valve body (61); the pre-compression spring assembly (62) includes a plurality of disc springs (621) in the shape of a cone-shaped thin sheet, and the plurality of disc springs (621) are stacked axially and arranged in series inside the valve body (61).

10. A hybrid hydrogen production system coupling natural gas steam reforming and PEM electrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that, The adjusting nut (63) is a spring preload adjustment component of the solenoid valve, which is threaded to the end of the valve body (61); the preload of the disc spring (621) is adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut (63) to compress / release, in order to match the valve core opening pressure and the premixing chamber pressure fluctuation. When the position of the damper (3) changes, the pressure output module (64) calculates the rotation angle of the adjusting nut (63) based on the change in the position of the damper (3) and drives the adjusting nut (63) to rotate; the adjusting nut (63) tightens and compresses the pre-compression spring group (62) to generate a pre-tightening force, so that the opening delay time of the solenoid valve (6) and the phase difference between the pressure fluctuation in the premixing chamber (2) are kept within ten milliseconds.

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